Pengertian Jaringan, Subnetting, dan Perangkat Jaringan Dasar

Dari Muhammad Taufik
Pesantren Networker IDN

Pengertian Jaringan
Jaringan berdasarkan Area
OSI Layer
Perangkat Jaringan dan Simbol
IP Address
Ethernet Cable
Subnetting So Easy
Contoh Soal Subnetting
Subnetting Challenge
Broadcast Domain dan Collision Domain
Perbedaan Hub, Bridge, Switch dan Router
Perintah Dasar Switch & Router Cisco

Konfigurasi Password pada Cisco
Virtual LAN (VLAN)
Trunking VLAN
Inter-VLAN - Router on a Stick
Inter-VLAN – Switch Layer 3
DHCP menggunakan Switch
Port Security
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
STP Portfast
Etherchannel
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)
Static Routing
Default Routing
Enhanced Interior Gateway Protocol (EIGRP)
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Standard Access List
Extended Access List
Static NAT
Overloading/Port Address Translation (PAT)
HSRP
IPv6 Basic Link-Local

IPv6 Basic Global Unicast
IPv6 Basic EUI-64
IPv6 Static Routing
IPv6 RIPnG
IPv6 EIGRP
IPv6 OSPFv3
IPv6 IPv6IP Tunneling
IPv6 GRE IP Tunneling
IPv6 Tunnel 6to4
IPv6 Tunnel ISATAP
IPv6 Tunnel Auto-TunnelTER 3 IPV6
EIGRP Basic Configuration

EIGRP Filtering - Distribute List
EIGRP Filtering - Prefix List
EIGRP Filtering - Access List
EIGRP Filtering - Administrative Distance
EIGRP Authentication
EIGRP Summarization
EIGRP Unicast Update
EIGRP Default Route – Summary Address
EIGRP Redistribution - RIP
EIGRP Redistribution - OSPF
EIGRP Path Selection - Delay
EIGRP Path Selection - Bandwidth
EIGRP Equal Load Balancing
EIGRP Unequal Load Balancing
EIGRP Stub – Connected + Summary
EIGRP Stub – Connected
EIGRP Stub – Summary
EIGRP Stub – Static
EIGRP Stub – Redistributed
EIGRP Stub – Receive Only
OSPF Basic Configuration

OSPF Virtual Link
OSPF GRE Tunnel
OSPF Standar Area
OSPF Stub Area
OSPF Totally Stub Area
OSPF Not So Stubby Area (NSSA)
OSPF External Route Type 1
OSPF Summarization – Area Range
OSPF Summarization – Summary Address
OSPF Path Selection
BGP - iBGP Configuration

BGP - iBGP Update via Loopback
BGP – eBGP Configuration
BGP – eBGP Configuration 2
BGP – Next Hop Self
BGP – Authentication
BGP Route Reflector
BGP Attribute - Origin
BGP Attribute - Community
BGP Attribute - Community Local-AS and Configuring Confederation
BGP Aggregator
BGP Attribute - Weight
BGP Dualhoming – Load Balance
BGP Dualhoming – Set Weight
BGP Dualhoming – Set MED
BGP Dualhoming – Set AS Path
BGP Multihoming – Equal Load Balance
BGP Multihoming – Unequal Load Balance
Pengertian Jaringan
Jaringan berdasarkan Area
OSI Layer
Perangkat Jaringan dan Simbol
IP Address
Ethernet Cable
Subnetting So Easy
Contoh Soal Subnetting
Subnetting Challenge
Broadcast Domain dan Collision Domain
Perbedaan Hub, Bridge, Switch dan Router
Jaringan atau network adalah kumpulan perangkat jaringan (network devices)
dan perangkat endhost (end devices) yang terhubung satu sama lain dan dapat
melakukan sharing informasi serta resources.
Komponen pembentuk jaringan:
 Network devices: hub, bridge, switch dan router.
 End devices: PC, laptop, mobile, dll.
 Interconnection: NIC, konektor, media (cooper, fiber optic, wireless, dll).
Gambar Jaringan berdasarkan area

 Local Area Network (LAN) merupakan jaringan sederhana dalam satu
gedung, kantor, rumah atau sekolah. Biasanya menggunakan kabel UTP.
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) adalah gabungan dari banyak LAN
dalam suatu wilayah.
 Wide Area Network (WAN) adalah jaringan yang menghubungkan banyak
MAN antar pulau, negara atau benua. Medianya dapat berupa fiber optic
dan satelit.
Adalah standar dalam perangkat jaringan yang membuat berbagai perangkat

kompatibel satu sama lain. Ada 7 layer dalam OSI layer, dari bawah layer 1
physical sampai atas layer 7 application.
Gambar OSI Layer

Seorang engineer wajib memahami layer 1 sampai 4 untuk memahami fungsi dan
cara kerja perangkat jaringan.
Layer Perangkat Data Unit Pengalamatan
1 Physical Hub Bit Binnary (1 or 0)
2 Data Link Bridge dan Switch Frame MAC Address
3 Network Router Packet IP Address

Layer Perangkat Konektivitas Memory
1 Physical Hub Broadcast ke semua -

port
2 Data Link Bridge dan Switch Broadcast MAC Address Tabel

berdasarkan MAC
Address
3 Network Router Berdasarkan IP Routing Tabel

Address tujuan
Seorang network engineer harus mengetahui berbagai jenis perangkat jaringan

dan simbolnya agar dapat membaca topologi jaringan.
IP address dipakai untuk pengalamatan dalam jaringan.

 IP Network sebagai identitas network/jaringan. Jika ada IP 192.168.1.0/24 berarti
mewakili suatu kelompok IP (network) dari 192.168.1.1 – 192.168.1.254
 IP broadcast merupakan IP terakhir dalam network yang dipakai untuk
membroadcast packet broadcast. Misal 192.168.1.255/24.
 Host adalah ip yang disediakan untuk host. Misal: 192.168.1.111/24.
Ada beberapa jenis IP:
 IP public digunakan untuk mengakses internet.
 IP private digunakan untuk jaringan local.
Subneting adalah membagi menjadi suatu netwok menjadi subnetwork yang lebih
kecil. Inilah yang disebut subnet. Salah satu aspek dalam suatu design jaringan
yang baik adalah pengoptimalan alamat ip. Subneting meminimalisir alamat ip
yang tidak terpakai atau terbuang.
Subneting juga mempermudah dalam pengelolaan dan kinerja jaringan. Jika
subneting dianalogikan dalam kehidupan nyata, maka akan seperti gambar
dibawah. Dengan pengaturan subneting, maka akan terbentuk seperti gang-gang
kecil ke komplek masing-masing sehingga mudah dalam membedakan jaringan
dan pengiriman data ke tujuan.
Tanpa Subnet
Dengan Subnet
Subneting ini adalah hal yang wajib dikuasai oleh seorang network engineer. Klo
dulu waktu ulangan subnet masih iseng-iseng pake subnet calculator online.
Hehehe… Sekarang harus bener-bener paham. Untuk memahami subneting ini,
terlebih dahulu mengerti tentang bilangan decimal dan biner (nol atau satu).
Dalam subneting, ada beberapa hal yang paling sering dicari.
Misal ada ip 192.168.2.172/26 maka subnetmask atau netmask nya adalah /26 =
11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000. Prefix /26 mengindikasikan biner 1 (Net
ID) berjumlah 26 dan sisanya yaitu Host ID berjumlah 6.
Dari 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000 ini ketika didesimalkan maka didapat
subnet mask dari adalah 255.255.255.192.
Total IP ini dihitung dari Host ID. Dari contoh soal, didapat Host ID ada 6bit. Karena
IPv4 32bit jadi 32-26 sisa 6. Sehingga maksimal IP didapat 2^6=64.
Rumus menghitung maksimal IP: 2^Host ID
Jumlah subnet dihitung dari Net ID. Karena Net ID subnet /26 adalah 26 maka
Subnet ID nya 2. Loh kok bisa? Karena Net ID 26 dikurangi 24 karena kelas C jadi
2. Intinya klo kelas C dikurangi 24, kelas B dikurangi 16, kelas A dikurangi 8.
InshaAlloh akan lebih paham dalam pembahasan soal selanjutnya sob. Didapat
banyak subnetnya adalah 2^2=4 subnet.
Rumus menghitung banyak subnet dengan rumus: 2^subnet ID
Karena soalnya IP 192.168.2.172, maka gak mungkin termasuk subnet/network

pertama karena 72>64. Jadi IP tersebut masuk ke subnet ke berapa ya? Kita hitung
aja kelipatan 64. IP Network pasti paling awal dan broadcast paling akhir.
Gampangnya ip network setelahnya dikurang 1 itulah broadcast.
IP Network Broadcast
1 192.168.2.0 192.168.2.63
2 192.168.2.64 192.168.2.127
3 192.168.2.128 192.168.2.191
4 192.168.2.192 192.168.2.255
Jadi IP 192.168.2.172 masuk dalam subnet ke 3 dengan ip network 192.168.2.128

dan broadcastnya 192.168.2.191.
Dan ini adalah yang paling gampang, yaitu menghitung maksimal ip yang dapat
dipakai host. Rumusnya adalah total ip dikurangi 2 karena dipakai untuk network
id dan broadcast. Jadi IP Client tiap subnet adalah 64-2=62.
Untuk menghafal subnet lebih cepat, kita dapat memanfaatkan tabel subnet
dibawah ini.
Tabel Subneting
Dalam pembahasan ini, kita akan belajar untuk mengerjakan berbagai variasi soal
subneting. Soal subnetingnya sebagai berikut guys.
Carilah total ip, netmask, ip network, broadcast dan host untuk masing-masing ip
dibawah:
 192.168.10.10/25
 10.10.10.10/13
 20.20.20.20/23
 11.12.13.14/20
 50.50.50.50./15
Ok langsung aja kita bahas bareng dari soal pertama ya…
a. Total IP : 128
Didapat dari 2^7 = 128, 7 merupakan Host ID dari subnet /25
b. Netmask : 255.255.255.128
Didapat dari 256 – Total IP = 256 – 128 = 128 menjadi
255.255.255.128
c. IP : 192.168.10.0
Network
Jumlah subnet adalah 2^1, 1 adalah Subnet ID. IP 192.168.2.10
masuk dalam subnet ke-1 karena berada dalam range 0-127
sehingga IP Networknya 192.168.10.0
d. Broadcast : 192.168.10.127
IP Network setelahnya dikurangi 1 => 192.168.10.128 – 1 =
192.168.10.127
e Host : 192.168.10.1 – 192.168.10.126

Jumlah ip yg dapat dipakai adalah 126 didapat dari 128 – 2 karena
dipakai untuk IP Network dan broadcast.
a. Total IP : 524288
Subnet 13 merupakan subnet kelas A sehiggga ntuk memudahkan
diubah dulu menjadi subnet kelas C dengan ditambah 8 dua kali
menjadi 29. Total host subnet 29 adalah 8. Lalu 8 x 256 x 256
menjadi 524288. Dikali 256 dua kali karena sebelumnya ditambah
8 dua kali untuk menjadi subnet kelas C.
b. Netmask : 255.248.0.0
Seperti biasa 248 didapat dari 256 – total ip. Karena kelas A
ditambah 8 dua kali jadi kelas C maka subnet dimajukan 2 kali dari
255.255.255.248 menjadi 255.248.0.0.
c. IP : 10.8.0.0
Network Setelah disamakan menjadi kelas C(13+8+8=29), maka didapat
jumlah subnet /29 adalah 2^5, 5 adalah Subnet ID. Total IP dari
subnet /29 adalah 8, maka IP 10.10.10.10 masuk dalam IP
Networknya 10.8.0.0.
d. Broadcast : 10.15.255.255
IP Network setelahnya dikurangi 1 => 10.16.0.0 – 1 = 10.15.255.255
e Host : 10.8.0.1 – 10.15.255.254

Jumlah ip yg dapat dipakai adalah 524286 didapat dari 524288 – 2
karena dipakai untuk IP Network dan broadcast.
a. Total IP : 4096
Subnet 20 merupakan subnet kelas B sehiggga agar lebih mudah
diubah dulu menjadi subnet kelas C dengan ditambah 8 menjadi 28.
Total host subnet 28 adalah 16. Lalu 16 x 256 = 4096. Dikali 256
karena sebelumnya ditambah 8 kali untuk menjadi subnet kelas C.
b. Netmask : 255.255.252.0
252 didapat dari 256 – total ip. Karena kelas B ditambah 8 jadi kelas
C maka subnet dimajukan 1 kali dari 255.255.255.252 menjadi
255.255.252.0.
c. IP : 11.12.0.0
Network Setelah disamakan menjadi kelas C(20+8=28), maka didapat jumlah
subnet /28 adalah 2^4, 4 adalah Subnet ID. Total IP dari subnet /28
adalah 16, maka IP 11.12.13.14 masuk dalam IP Networknya
11.12.0.0 karena masih dalam rentang 11.12.0.0 – 11.15.255.255.
d. Broadcast : 11.12.15.255
IP Network setelahnya dikurangi 1 => 11.16.0.0 – 1 = 11.15.255.255
e Host : 11.12.0.1 – 11.12.255.254

Jumlah ip yg dapat dipakai adalah 4096 didapat dari 4096 – 2 karena
dipakai untuk IP Network dan broadcast.
Carilah total ip, netmask, ip network, broadcast dan host untuk masing-masing ip
dibawah:
 172.16.10.111/27
 99.99.99.99/28
 100.100.100.100/20
 111.222.33.44/14
 8.8.8.8/32
IPV4 SUBNETTING packetlife.net
Subnets Decimal to Binary
CIDR Subnet Mask Addresses Wildcard Subnet Mask Wildcard
/32 255.255.255.255 1 0.0.0.0 255 1111 1111 0 0000 0000
/31 255.255.255.254 2 0.0.0.1 254 1111 1110 1 0000 0001
/30 255.255.255.252 4 0.0.0.3 252 1111 1100 3 0000 0011
/29 255.255.255.248 8 0.0.0.7 248 1111 1000 7 0000 0111
/28 255.255.255.240 16 0.0.0.15 240 1111 0000 15 0000 1111
/27 255.255.255.224 32 0.0.0.31 224 1110 0000 31 0001 1111
/26 255.255.255.192 64 0.0.0.63 192 1100 0000 63 0011 1111
/25 255.255.255.128 128 0.0.0.127 128 1000 0000 127 0111 1111
/24 255.255.255.0 256 0.0.0.255 0 0000 0000 255 1111 1111
/23 255.255.254.0 512 0.0.1.255 Subnet Proportion
/22 255.255.252.0 1,024 0.0.3.255
/21 255.255.248.0 2,048 0.0.7.255
/20 255.255.240.0 4,096 0.0.15.255

/19 255.255.224.0 8,192 0.0.31.255 /26 /28
/18 255.255.192.0 16,384 0.0.63.255 /29
/30
/17 255.255.128.0 32,768 0.0.127.255
/30
/16 255.255.0.0 65,536 0.0.255.255
/15 255.254.0.0 131,072 0.1.255.255
/14 255.252.0.0 262,144 0.3.255.255 /25
/13 255.248.0.0 524,288 0.7.255.255
/12 255.240.0.0 1,048,576 0.15.255.255
/11 255.224.0.0 2,097,152 0.31.255.255
/10 255.192.0.0 4,194,304 0.63.255.255 Classful Ranges
/9 255.128.0.0 8,388,608 0.127.255.255 A 0.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255
/8 255.0.0.0 16,777,216 0.255.255.255 B 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255
/7 254.0.0.0 33,554,432 1.255.255.255 C 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255
/6 252.0.0.0 67,108,864 3.255.255.255 D 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255

/5 248.0.0.0 134,217,728 7.255.255.255 E 240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255
/4 240.0.0.0 268,435,456 15.255.255.255 Reserved Ranges

/3 224.0.0.0 536,870,912 31.255.255.255 RFC 1918 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
/2 192.0.0.0 1,073,741,824 63.255.255.255 Localhost 127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255
/1 128.0.0.0 2,147,483,648 127.255.255.255 RFC 1918 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
/0 0.0.0.0 4,294,967,296 255.255.255.255 RFC 1918 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
rpur
Terminology 2017-05-10 15:41:55
--------------------------------------------
CIDR VLSM arbitrary : berubah-ubah
Classless interdomain routing was developed to Variable-length subnet masks are
relies an arbitrary length
: mempercayakan /m e
y
n
a
d
rk
provide more granularity than legacy classful between 0 and 32 bits; CIDR relies on VLSMs to define
addressing; CIDR notation is expressed as /XX routes
by Jeremy Stretch v2.0

Collision domain adalah area dalam suatu jaringan dimana packet data dapat
mengalami tabrakan (collision) dikarenakan device mengirimnya pada waktu
yang bersamaan. Pada Hub, collision domainnya menjadi 1 (besar) dan pada
Switch dan Router, collision domain hanya terjadi pada masing-masing interface.
Broadcast domain adalah area dalam suatu jaringan dimana broadcast diforward
pada pertama kali. Hub dan Switch mempunyai broadcast domain yang sama
karena sama-sama melewatkan broadcast, sedang Router tidak melewatkan
broadcast.
Hub gak lebih dari physical repeater yang bekerja pada layer 1 dan gak punya
intelijensi. Cara kerja hub adalah dengan menerima sinyal electric dari satu
interface dan mengirimkannya ke semua interface kecuali ke source interface,
butuh atau gak butuh.
Karena bekerja pada layer physical dengan half-duplex (satu mengirim, yang lain
menunggu), maka dapat terjadi tabrakan (collision) ketika ada packet yang
dikirimkan dalam waktu yang bersamaan. Area dimana dapat terjadi collision
disebut dengan collision domain.
Kedua topologi diatas merupakan single collision domain. Semakin besar jaringan
seperti diatas, collision juga semakin besar, dan menurunkan kinerja jaringan
(down).
Mengganti dengan perangkat yang bekerja pada layer 2 (data link) dan
mempunyai intelijensi yaitu bridge. Karakteristik bridge:
– Memutuskan kemana Ethernet frame dikirim dengan melihat MAC Address.
– Forward Ethernet frame hanya ke port yang membutuhkan.
– Filter Ethernet frames (discard them).
– Flood Ethernet frames (send them everywhere).
– Hanya punya beberapa port.
– Slow.
Dengan begitu collision domain terbagi menjadi 2 pada topologi diatas. Tapi
sekarang kita gak pake hub atau bridge karena udah ada switch.
Bridge kembar sama switch… tapi gak sama…
Switch adalah bridge dengan beberapa kelebihan.

– Mempunyai banyak port.
– Mempunyai macam-macam port seperti FastEthernet dan Gigabit.
– Fast internet switching.
– Large buffers.
Switch mempunyai tabel MAC Address yang menyimpan MAC Address dari PC
yang tersambung ke port-port pada switch. Misal ketika pertama kali ketika PC
disambungkan ke switch, PC A ingin mengirimkan data ke C.
–Maka PC A membuat Ethernet frame berisi IP address, MAC address dan
tujuannya dan mengirimkannya ke switch.
– switch lalu membroadcastnya ke semua port kecuali source. Sampai sini, switch
telah menyimpan MAC address A.
– Setelah dibroadcast, PC C akan mengirim reply berisi MAC addressnya dan ketika
lewat switch, switch akan menyimpan MAC address C.
Broadcast dikirim ketika ada packet data yang destination MAC addressnya gak
ada pada tabel MAC address switch.
Okey… to the point…
Hub kerja pada layer 1 – Physical

Bridge sama switch kerja di layer 2 – Data Link
Klo router? beda lagi,,, kerjanya dilayer 3 – Network
Hub, Bridge sm Switch melewatkan broadcast… Klo router enggak…
PHYSICAL TERMINATIONS packetlife.net
Optical Terminations Copper Terminations GBICs
RJ-45
ST (Straight Tip)
1000Base-SX/LX
RJ-11
SC (Subscriber Connector)
1000Base-T
RJ-21 (25-pair)
LC (Local Connector)
Cisco GigaStack
MT-RJ
Wireless Antennas DE-9 (Female)
1000Base-SX/LX SFP
RP-TNC 1000Base-T SFP
DB-25 (Male)
RP-SMA
DB-60 (Male)
X2 (10Gig)

COMMON PORTS packetlife.net
TCP/UDP Port Numbers

7 Echo 554 RTSP 2745 Bagle.H 6891-6901 Windows Live
19 Chargen 546-547 DHCPv6 2967 Symantec AV 6970 Quicktime
20-21 FTP 560 rmonitor 3050 Interbase DB 7212 GhostSurf
22 SSH/SCP 563 NNTP over SSL 3074 XBOX Live 7648-7649 CU-SeeMe
23 Telnet 587 SMTP 3124 HTTP Proxy 8000 Internet Radio
25 SMTP 591 FileMaker 3127 MyDoom 8080 HTTP Proxy
42 WINS Replication 593 Microsoft DCOM 3128 HTTP Proxy 8086-8087 Kaspersky AV
43 WHOIS 631 Internet Printing 3222 GLBP 8118 Privoxy
49 TACACS 636 LDAP over SSL 3260 iSCSI Target 8200 VMware Server
53 DNS 639 MSDP (PIM) 3306 MySQL 8500 Adobe ColdFusion
67-68 DHCP/BOOTP 646 LDP (MPLS) 3389 Terminal Server 8767 TeamSpeak
69 TFTP 691 MS Exchange 3689 iTunes 8866 Bagle.B
70 Gopher 860 iSCSI 3690 Subversion 9100 HP JetDirect
79 Finger 873 rsync 3724 World of Warcraft 9101-9103 Bacula
80 HTTP 902 VMware Server 3784-3785 Ventrilo 9119 MXit
88 Kerberos 989-990 FTP over SSL 4333 mSQL 9800 WebDAV
102 MS Exchange 993 IMAP4 over SSL 4444 Blaster 9898 Dabber
110 POP3 995 POP3 over SSL 4664 Google Desktop 9988 Rbot/Spybot
113 Ident 1025 Microsoft RPC 4672 eMule 9999 Urchin
119 NNTP (Usenet) 1026-1029 Windows Messenger 4899 Radmin 10000 Webmin
123 NTP 1080 SOCKS Proxy 5000 UPnP 10000 BackupExec
135 Microsoft RPC 1080 MyDoom 5001 Slingbox 10113-10116 NetIQ
137-139 NetBIOS 1194 OpenVPN 5001 iperf 11371 OpenPGP
143 IMAP4 1214 Kazaa 5004-5005 RTP 12035-12036 Second Life
161-162 SNMP 1241 Nessus 5050 Yahoo! Messenger 12345 NetBus
177 XDMCP 1311 Dell OpenManage 5060 SIP 13720-13721 NetBackup
179 BGP 1337 WASTE 5190 AIM/ICQ 14567 Battlefield
XMPP/Jabber
201 AppleTalk 1433-1434 Microsoft SQL 5222-5223 15118 Dipnet/Oddbob
264 BGMP 1512 WINS 5432 PostgreSQL 19226 AdminSecure
318 TSP 1589 Cisco VQP 5500 VNC Server 19638 Ensim
381-383 HP Openview 1701 L2TP 5554 Sasser 20000 Usermin
389 LDAP 1723 MS PPTP 5631-5632 pcAnywhere 24800 Synergy
411-412 Direct Connect 1725 Steam 5800 VNC over HTTP 25999 Xfire
443 HTTP over SSL 1741 CiscoWorks 2000 5900+ VNC Server 27015 Half-Life
445 Microsoft DS Sub7
1755 MS Media Server 6000-6001 X11 27374
Call of Duty
464 Kerberos 1812-1813 RADIUS 6112 Battle.net 28960
Back Orifice
465 SMTP over SSL 1863 MSN 6129 DameWare 31337
497 Retrospect 1985 Cisco HSRP 6257 WinMX 33434+ traceroute
500 ISAKMP 2000 Cisco SCCP 6346-6347 Gnutella Legend
512 rexec 2002 Cisco ACS 6500 GameSpy Arcade Chat
513 rlogin 2049 NFS 6566 SANE Encrypted
514 syslog 2082-2083 cPanel 6588 AnalogX
Gaming
515 LPD/LPR 2100 Oracle XDB 6665-6669 IRC
Malicious
520 RIP 2222 DirectAdmin 6679/6697 IRC over SSL
Peer to Peer
521 RIPng (IPv6) 2302 Halo 6699 Napster
Streaming
540 UUCP 2483-2484 Oracle DB 6881-6999 BitTorrent
IANA port assignments published at http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers

Perintah Dasar Switch & Router Cisco
Konfigurasi Password pada Cisco
Virtual LAN (VLAN)
Trunking VLAN
Inter-VLAN - Router on a Stick
Inter-VLAN – Switch Layer 3
DHCP menggunakan Switch
Port Security
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
STP Portfast
Etherchannel
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)
Switch pada cisco biasa disebut catalyst. Perbedaan switch dan router yang paling
menonjol adalah switch mempunyai banyak port.
Catalyst 1900 Series
Cisco Catalyst 2690 Series
Cisco Router 2900 series
Ada beberapa perintah dasar cisco yang wajib diketahui.

Router>
Router>enable
Router#
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#
Ada beberapa hak akses ketika masuk dalam Cisco IOS:
 User mode ditandai dengan tanda “>”
 Previlige mode ditandai dengan tanda “#”. Untuk masuk dari user mode ke
previlige mode ketikkan perintah enable.
 Global configuration mode digunakan untuk mengkonfigurasi perangkat.
Mengganti Hostname
Router(config)#hostname Semarang
Semarang (config)#
Meyimpan Konfigurasi
Konfigurasi agar ketika device direboot konfigurasi tidak hilang.
Router(config)#write
atau
Router(config)#copy run start
Mereset Perangkat Cisco

Untuk mengembalikan konfigurasi ke default.
Router(config)#write erase
Perintah show ip interface brief digunakan untuk melihat informasi interface.

R1#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 10.10.10.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 12.12.12.1 YES manual up up
Loopback0 1.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Vlan1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

R1#
Perintah show running-config digunakan untuk melihat konfigurasi yang sedang

berjalan.
R1#show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 687 bytes

!
version 12.4
no service timestamps log datetime msec
no service timestamps debug datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname R1
!
spanning-tree mode pvst
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
ip nat inside
duplex auto
speed auto
!
ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
ip nat outside
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface Vlan1
no ip address
shutdown
!
ip nat inside source static 10.10.10.2 12.12.12.12
ip classless
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 12.12.12.2
!
line con 0
!
line aux 0
!
line vty 0 4
login
!
+
end
Keamanan adalah hal yang penting dalam suatu jaringan. Pemberian authentikasi
berupa username dan password dalam device dilakukan agar tidak sembarang
orang dapat masuk ke device.
Mengeset Password Line Console maka ketika melakukan config melalui port
console akan diminta login.
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#line console 0
Router(config-line)#password 123
Router(config-line)#login
Ketika masuk ke device akan muncul tampilan berikut.
User Access Verification
Password:
Konfigurasi VTY (Virtual Terminal) agar device dapat ditelnet dengan
menggunakan username dan password yang spesifik.
Router(config)#username admin
Router(config)#enable password coba1
Router(config)#enable secret coba2
Ketika di show run.

Router#sh run
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 598 bytes

!
version 12.4
no service timestamps log datetime msec
no service timestamps debug datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname Router
!
enable secret 5 $1$mERr$9SLtlDbYs.aoemVq5cCcc.
enable password coba1
!
username admin
enable secret = password diencripsi.
enable password = password tidak dienciprsi dan dapat dilihat dengan show run.
Jika kita mengeset enable secret dan enable password, maka yang dipakai adalah
enable secret.
Virtual LAN (VLAN) membagi satu broadcast domain menjadi beberapa broadcast
domain, sehingga dalam satu switch bisa saja terdiri dari beberapa network. Host
yang berbeda VLAN tidak akan tersambung sehingga meningkatkan security
jaringan.
VLAN adalah fasilitas yang dimiliki oleh switch manageable, contohnya cisco. Pada
switch unmanageable, port-port nya hanya dapat digunakan untuk koneksi ke
network yang sama (satu network) sehingga tidak mendukung fasilitas VLAN.
10.10.10.10/24 20.20.20.20/24
10.10.10.11/24 20.20.20.21/24
Buatlah topologi seperti pada gambar diatas pada packet tracer. Konfigurasi VLAN
pada switch dengan VLAN10 berikan nama Marketing dan VLAN20 dengan nama
Sales.
Switch>enable
Switch#conf t
Switch(config)#vlan 10
Switch(config-vlan)#name Marketing
Switch(config-vlan)#vlan 20
Switch(config-vlan)#name Sales
Switch(config-vlan)#int f0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
Switch(config-if)#int f0/2
Untuk pengecekan,ping dari satu PC ke PC lain dan ketikkan perintah show vlan
pada switch. PC tidak bisa ping ke beda VLAN.
PC>ping 10.10.10.11
Pinging 10.10.10.11 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 10.10.10.11: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128

Ping statistics for 10.10.10.11:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
PC>ping 20.20.20.21
Request timed out.

Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Request timed out.

PC>
Switch#show vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- ----------------------------
---
1 default active Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11,
Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15,
Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19,
Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23,
Fa0/24
10 VLAN0010 active Fa0/1, Fa0/2
20 VLAN0020 active Fa0/3, Fa0/4
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ----
--
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
Remote SPAN VLANs

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
Primary Secondary Type Ports

------- --------- ----------------- ----------------------------------------
--
Trunking berfungsi melewatkan traffic VLAN dari switch yang berbeda. Antara
switch lantai 1 dan lantai 2 terhubung. PC1, PC2, PC5 dan PC6 masuk dalam VLAN
10 sedang PC3, PC4, PC5 dan PC6 masuk dalam VLAN 20.
10.10.10.10/24 20.20.20.20/24
10.10.10.11/24 20.20.20.21/24
10.10.10.12/24
20.20.20.22/24
10.10.10.13/24 20.20.20.23/24
Konfigurasi VLAN pada seperti dibawah. Membuat vlan 10 dan vlan 20.
switch1(config)#vlan 10
switch1(config-vlan)#vlan 20
switch1(config-vlan)#int f0/1
switch1(config-if)#sw access vlan 10
switch1(config-if)#int f0/2
Switch0(config)#vlan 10
Switch0(config-vlan)#vlan 20
Switch0(config-vlan)#int f0/1
Switch0(config-if)#sw access vlan 10
Switch0(config-if)#int f0/2
Konfigurasi interface yang saling terhubung antar switch dengan mode trunk.
Lakukan pada kedua switch.
Switch0(config)#int f0/10
Switch0(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Switch1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Ping dari satu PC ke PC lain dan ketikkan perintah show vlan.

PC>ping 10.10.10.11


PC>ping 10.10.10.13


PC>ping 20.20.20.20
Request timed out.

Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Request timed out.

PC>
PC dapat melakukan ping ke sesame VLAN beda switch namun tidak bisa ke beda
VLAN.
Switch1#sh int trunk
Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native rpur
vlan
2017-05-06 11:20:57
Fa0/10 on 802.1q trunking 1
--------------------------------------------
Port Vlans allowed on trunk Switch(config-int)#do sh int trunk
Fa0/10 1-1005
Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/10 1,10,20
Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/10 1,10,20
Untuk menghubungkan VLAN yang berbeda, dibutuhkan perangkat layer 3 baik

itu router atau switch layer 3. Cara pertama adalah dengan menggunakan satu
router melalui satu interface. Teknik ini disebut router on a stick. Kekurangan dari
teknik ini adalah akan terjadi collision domain karena hanya menggunakan satu
interface.
Ada 2 trunking protocol yang biasa digunakan:
 ISL = cisco proprietary, bekerja pada ethernet, token ring dan FDDI,
menambahi tag sebesar 30byte pada frame dan semua traffic VLAN ditag.
 IEEE 802.11Q (dot1q) = open standard, hanya bekerja pada ethernet,
menambahi tag sebesar 4byte pada frame.
Buat topologi seperti diatas dan konfigurasi VLAN10 dan VLAN20 seperti lab
sebelumnya. Tambahkan 1 router. Karena hanya menggunakan 1 interface, maka
harus dibuat sub-interface untuk dijadikan gateway VLAN. Port SW1 yang
terhubung ke router harus diset mode trunk.
rpur
Router(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0.10 2017-05-16 14:54:59
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 10 --------------------------------------------
Router(config-subif)#ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 Setiap PC : gatewaynya disesuaikan n a
g
e
d
Router(config-subif)#interface FastEthernet0/0.20 ip pada interface router
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 20
Router(config-subif)#ip address 20.20.20.1 255.255.255.0
Cek interface dengan perintah show ip int brief.
Router#sh ip int br
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status
Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES unset up up
FastEthernet0/0.10 10.10.10.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Vlan1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Router#
Sekarang ping antar VLAN yang berbeda.
PC>ping 20.20.20.21
Request timed out.


PC>tracert 20.20.20.21
Tracing route to 20.20.20.21 over a maximum of 30 hops:
1 30 ms 0 ms 0 ms 10.10.10.1
2 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms 20.20.20.21
Trace complete.
Router#sh ip arp
Protocol Address Age (min) Hardware Addr Type Interface
Internet 10.10.10.10 4 0000.0C1B.0D20 ARPA
FastEthernet0/0.10
Internet 20.20.20.21 3 0060.7092.05A9 ARPA
FastEthernet0/0.20
Internet 30.30.30.1 1 0001.C7AE.3D52 ARPA
FastEthernet0/0.30
Router#
Untuk menghubungkan antar VLAN dibutuhkan suatu perangkat layer 3 baik itu
router atau switch layer 3. Kalau sebelum menggunakan router on a stick, kali ini
kita akan menggunakan switch L3 (layer 3). Inilah kerennya cisco, kalo switch
yang lain bekerja pada layer 2, switch cisco dapat bekerja pada layer 3 dan
menjalankan routing. Namun, meski untuk routing yang lebih luas lebih
dianjurkan menggunakan router sesuai fungsinya.
Konfigurasi port ke VLANnya masing-masing.
Switch(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#
Switch(config-if)#interface FastEthernet0/2
Switch(config-if)#
Buat interface VLAN dan beri ip address.

Switch(config)#int vlan 10
Switch(config-if)#ip add 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#int vlan 20
Ketiikkan perintah ip routing untuk merouting VLAN.
Switch(config)#ip routing
Sekarang tes ping.
PC>ping 20.20.20.21

Request timed out.

PC>
VLANS packetlife.net
Trunk Encapsulation Trunk Types
26 6 6 2 4 802.1Q ISL
ISL Dest Source
Type Header Size 4 bytes 26 bytes
ISL FCS
Header MAC MAC
Trailer Size N/A 4 bytes
Dest Source Standard IEEE Cisco
Untagged Type
MAC MAC
Maximum VLANs 4094 1000
Dest Source
802.1Q 802.1Q Type VLAN Numbers
MAC MAC
6 6 4 2 0 Reserved 1004 fdnet
VLAN Creation 1 default 1005 trnet
Switch(config)# vlan 100 1002 fddi-default 1006-4094 Extended

Switch(config-vlan)# name Engineering 1003 tr 4095 Reserved
Access Port Configuration Terminology

Switch(config-if)# switchport mode access Trunking
Switch(config-if)# switchport nonegotiate Carrying multiple VLANs over the same
Switch(config-if)# switchport access vlan 100 physical connection
Switch(config-if)# switchport voice vlan 150
Native VLAN
Trunk Port Configuration By default, frames in this VLAN are untagged
when sent across a trunk
Switch(config-if)# switchport mode trunk Access VLAN
Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q The VLAN to which an access port is assigned
Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,20-30
Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk native vlan 10 Voice VLAN
If configured, enables minimal trunking to
SVI Configuration support voice traffic in addition to data traffic
on an access port
Switch(config)# interface vlan100
Switch(config-if)# ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0 Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP)
Can be used to automatically establish trunks
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) between capable ports (insecure)
Domain Switched Virtual Interface (SVI)
Common to all switches participating in VTP A virtual interface which provides a routed
gateway into and out of a VLAN
Server Mode
Generates and propagates VTP advertisements to clients; Switch Port Modes
default mode on unconfigured switches
trunk
Client Mode Forms an unconditional trunk
Receives and forwards advertisements from servers; VLANs dynamic desirable
cannot be manually configured on switches in client mode Attempts to negotiate a trunk with the far end
Transparent Mode dynamic auto
Forwards advertisements but does not participate in VTP; Forms a trunk only if requested by the far end
VLANs must be configured manually access
Pruning Will never form a trunk
VLANs not having any access ports on an end switch are
removed from the trunk to reduce flooded traffic Troubleshooting
VTP Configuration show vlan

show interface [status | switchport]
Switch(config)# vtp mode {server | client | transparent}
Switch(config)# vtp domain <name> show interface trunk
Switch(config)# vtp password <passsword>
Switch(config)# vtp version {1 | 2} show vtp status
Switch(config)# vtp pruning show vtp password

Fungsi DHCP adalah memberikan alamat IP secara otomatis kepada host.
Konfigurasi DHCP.
Switch(config)#ip dhcp pool vlan10
Switch(dhcp-config)#network 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0
Switch(dhcp-config)#default-router 10.10.10.1
Switch(dhcp-config)#dns-server 8.8.8.8
Switch(dhcp-config)#ip dhcp pool vlan20
Switch(dhcp-config)#network 20.20.20.0 255.255.255.0
Switch(dhcp-config)#default-router 20.20.20.1
Switch(dhcp-config)#dns-server 8.8.8.8
jika ada ip yg tidak ingin digunakan dalam DHCP masukkan perintah ip dhcp
excluded-address.
ip dhcp excluded-address 10.10.10.2 10.10.10.10
Perintah show ip dhcp binding menampilkan client yang mendapat ip dhcp.
Switch#sh ip dhcp binding
IP address Client-ID/ Lease expiration Type
Hardware address
10.10.10.12 0003.E4A2.9D08 -- Automatic
10.10.10.11 0001.64C9.674C -- Automatic
20.20.20.11 0001.4266.50B0 -- Automatic
20.20.20.12 0002.1638.8C69 -- Automatic
Switch#
DHCP juga dapat diset manual untuk client dengan MAC Address
ip dhcp pool PC_MANAGER
host 20.20.20.100
default router 20.20.20.1
client-id 0102.c7f8.0004.22
client-name Komputer_IDN
rpur
2016-07-29 11:05:04
--------------------------------------------
sticky : menandai mac addres yang p e
rta
ma
Port Security ini digunakan agar port interface perangkat cisco tidak dapat
di hubungkan.
digunakan kecuali untuk PC dengan MAC Address tertentu.
int fa0/1
switchport mode access
switchport port-security
switchport port-security mac-address sticky
switchport port-security violation shutdown
rpur
int fa0/2 2016-07-29 11:05:23
switchport mode access --------------------------------------------
switchport port-security
switchport port-maximum 2 ( ada 2 m c
a
switchport port-security mac-address sticky
yang bisa)
switchport port-security violation restrict
Ada 3 violation:
 protect = data yg dikirim melalui port tsb dibiarkan tdk terkirim
 restrict = seperti protect namun mengirimkan notifikasi dgn snmp
 shutdown = port akan dishutdown secara otomatis, utk mengembalikannya
maka harus di no shut dengan console switch atau telnet.
Sticky artinya bahwa MAC address yang pertama kali lewat switch maka itulah
yang digunakan. Jika bukan MAC address tsb yang tersambung ke port yang diset
port-security maka akan diproses tergantung violation yang diset.
show port-security
Switch#show port-security
Secure Port MaxSecureAddr CurrentAddr SecurityViolation Security Action
(Count) (Count) (Count)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Fa0/1 1 1 1 Shutdown
Fa0/2 1 1 1 Restrict
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Switch#
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) merupakan protocol yang berfungsi mencegah loop
pada switch ketika switch menggunakan lebih dari 1 link dengan maksud
redundancy. STP secara defaultnya diset aktif pada Cisco Catalyst. STP merupakan
open standard (IEEE 802.1D). STP dapat mencegah:
 Broadcast Storm
 Multiple Frame Copies
 Database Instability
Ada beberapa jenis STP:

 Open Standard : STP (802.1D), Rapid STP (802.1W), Multiple Spanning Tree
MST (802.1S)
 Cisco Proprietary : PVST (Per Vlan Spanning Tree), PVST+, Rapid PVST.
Ketika Switch0 mengirim packet data dengan destination yang tidak terdapat pada
MAC address tabelnya, maka Switch0 akan membroadcast ke semua port sampai
ke Switch1. Jika pada tabel MAC address Switch1 juga tidak terdapat destination
tadi maka Switch1 akan kembali membroadcast ke Switch0 dan akan seperti itu
sehingga network down.
Ada beberapa cara mengatasi hal tersebut:
 Hanya menggunakan 1 link (no redundancy)
 Shutdown salah satu interface, melakukan shutdown manual pada salah
satu interface atau secara otomatis menggunakan STP.
STP akan membuat blocking atau shutdown pada salahsatu port untuk mencegah
terjadinya loop. Ketika link utama down maka port yang sebelumnya blocking
akan menjadi forward. Port blocking ditunjukkan dengan warna merah.
Cara kerja STP :
1. Ketika STP aktif, masing-masing switch akan mengirimkan frame khusus satu
sama lain yang disebut Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU).
2. Menentukan Root Bridge
Switch dengan bridge id terendah akan menjadi root bridge. Bridge id = priority
+ MAC address. Dalam satu LAN hanya ada satu switch sebagai root bridge,
switch lain menjadi non-root bridge. Default priority adalah 32768 dan bisa
diubah.
3. Menentukan Root Port
Yang menjadi root port adalah path yang paling dekat dengan root bridge. Untuk
setiap non-root bridge hanya punya 1 root port.
4. Menentukan designated port dan non-designated port
Designated port adalah port yang forward dan non designated port adalah port
yang blocking. Untuk root bridge semua portnya adalah designated port.
Switch dengan priority terendah, salah satu portnya akan menjadi non-
designated port atau port blocking. Jika priority sama maka akan dilihat MAC
address terendah.
STP akan membuat blocking atau shutdown pada salahsatu port untuk mencegah
terjadinya loop. Ketika link utama down maka port yang sebelumnya blocking
akan menjadi forward. Port blocking ditunjukkan dengan warna merah.
STP menggunakan link cost calculation untuk menentukan root port pada non-root
switch.
 10 Gbps = Cost 2
 1 Gbps = Cost 4
 100 Mbps = Cost 19
 10 Mbps = Cost 100
Buatlah topologi seperti dibawah.
Switch0#show spanning-tree
VLAN0001
Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
Root ID Priority 32769
Address 000B.BE80.D273
Cost 19
Port 1(FastEthernet0/1)
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Bridge ID Priority 32769 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)

Address 00D0.FFDA.ECBC
Aging Time 20
Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- -------------------------------
-
Fa0/2 Altn BLK 19 128.2 P2p
Fa0/1 Root FWD 19 128.1 P2p
Switch0#
Switch1#sh spanning-tree
VLAN0001
Root ID Priority 32769
This bridge is the root

Aging Time 20

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- -------------------------------
-
Fa0/1 Desg FWD 19 128.1 P2p
Fa0/2 Desg FWD 19 128.2 P2p
Switch1#
Secara otomatis, Switch0 menjadi root bridge dilihat dari semua portnya yang
fordward (berwarna hijau), agar Switch1 yang menjadi root bridge, ubah priority
pada Switch1.
Switch1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 0
Sekarang Switch1 yang menjadi root bridge. Untuk memindahkan blocking port
dari fa0/2 menjadi fa0/1 pada Switch1 jalankan perintah berikut.
Switch1(config-if)#speed 10
Cek Hasilnya. Port blocking pindah ke fa0/1.
Switch1(config-if)#do show spanning-tree

VLAN0001
Root ID Priority 1
Address 00D0.FFDA.ECBC
Cost 19
Port 2(FastEthernet0/2)

Aging Time 20

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- -------------------------------
-
Fa0/1 Altn BLK 100 128.1 P2p
Fa0/2 Root FWD 19 128.2 P2p
Portfast adalah salahsatu fitur STP. Ketika pertama kali mencolokkan kabel ke
switch, perlu waktu agak lama dari proses blocking yang ditandai warna oranye
pada lampu indicator untuk menjadi forwarding yang ditandai dengan warna
kuning.
STP Port States:
Blocking 20 second/no limits
Listening 15 second
Learning 15 second
Forwarding no limits
Disable no limits
Hal ini disebabkan switch melakukan step listening dan learning terlebih dahulu
sebelum forward. Dari proses blocking, listening dan learning kira-kira
dibutuhkan waktu 30 detik. Untuk langsung ke forward tanpa melalui listening
dan learning maka digunakan portfast. Portfast cocok digunakan untuk port yang
mengarah ke end host. Untuk port yang mengarah ke switch, maka tidak
direkomendasikan karena akan mematikan fungsi STP dalam mencegah looping.
Misalkan port 1 sampai 4 yang mau dikonfigurasi stp portfast maka ketikkan
perintah berikut.
int range fa0/1 - 4
spanning-tree portfast
Maka ketika mencolokkan kabel ke switch akan langsung kuning.

Karena adanya fitur STP, akan ada port yang blocking untuk mencegah loop.
Etherchannel digunakan untuk membundle beberapa link seolah-olah menjadi
satu link secara logical, sehingga STP harus dimatikan dan tidak ada port blocking.
Dengan etherchannel maka transfer data lebih cepat dan tidak tergantung hanya
pada 1 link. Etherchannel dapat dikonfigurasi dengan beberapa mekanisme:
 Static Persistence, tanpa menggunakan negotiation protocol.
 Dengan menggunakan negotiation protocol:
 LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) – open standard IEEE
802.1AD.
 PAgP (Port Aggregation Protocol) – cisco proprietary.
Buat topologi seperti dibawah.
Konfigurasi LaCP pada switch kiri dan tengah.

Switch(config)#int range fa0/1-3
Switch(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode ?
active Enable LACP unconditionally
auto Enable PAgP only if a PAgP device is detected
desirable Enable PAgP unconditionally
on Enable Etherchannel only
passive Enable LACP only if a LACP device is detected
Switch(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode active
Switch(config-if-range)#int port-channel 1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Mode yang digunakan dalam LaCP boleh active-active atau active-passive namun
tidak boleh passive-passive.
Switch#sh etherchannel summary
Flags: D - down P - in port-channel
I - stand-alone s - suspended
H - Hot-standby (LACP only)
R - Layer3 S - Layer2
U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator
u - unsuitable for bundling
w - waiting to be aggregated
d - default port
Number of channel-groups in use: 1

Number of aggregators: 1
Group Port-channel Protocol Ports

------+-------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------
---
1 Po1(SU) LACP Fa0/1(P) Fa0/2(P) Fa0/3(P)

Switch#
Konfigurasi PAgP pada switch tengah dan kanan.
Switch(config-if-range)#channel-group 2 mode desirable
Pada PAgP dapat menggunakan mode desirable-desirable atau desirable-auto.

Sekarang cek di switch yang tengah.
d - default port


------+-------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------
---

2 Po2(SU) PAgP Fa0/4(P) Fa0/5(P) Fa0/6(P)
Switch#
Konfigurasi etherchannel manual, tanpa LACP atau PAgP pada switch kiri dan
kanan.
Switch(config-if-range)#channel-group 3 mode on

d - default port


------+-------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------
---

3 Po3(SU) - Fa0/7(P) Fa0/8(P) Fa0/9(P)
Switch#
SPANNING TREE · PART 1 packetlife.net
Spanning Tree Protocols
Legacy STP PVST PVST+ RSTP RPVST+ MST
Algorithm Legacy ST Legacy ST Legacy ST Rapid ST Rapid ST Rapid ST

802.1w, 802.1s,
Defined By 802.1D-1998 Cisco Cisco Cisco
802.1D-2004 802.1Q-2003
Instances 1 Per VLAN Per VLAN 1 Per VLAN Configurable
Trunking N/A ISL 802.1Q, ISL N/A 802.1Q, ISL 802.1Q, ISL
Spanning Tree Instance Comparison

STP PVST+ MST
Root VLAN 1,10 Root VLAN 20,30 Root MSTI 0 Root MSTI 1 Root
A B A B A B
All VLANs VLAN 1 MSTI 0 (1, 10)

x xxxx VLAN 10 x x MSTI 1 (20, 30)
VLAN 20
C C VLAN 30 C
BPDU Format Spanning Tree Specifications Link Costs

Field Bits Bandwidth Cost
802.1s 4 Mbps 250
Protocol ID 16 802.1Q-2003 802.1Q-2005
Version 8 10 Mbps 100
BPDU Type 8 802.1D-1998 802.1D-2004 16 Mbps 62
Flags 8 45 Mbps 39
Root ID 64 802.1Q-1998 802.1w 100 Mbps 19
Root Path Cost 32 155 Mbps 14
ISL PVST PVST+ RPVST+
Bridge ID 64 622 Mbps 6
Port ID 16 IEEE 802.1D-1998 · Deprecated legacy STP standard 1 Gbps 4
Message Age 16 IEEE 802.1w · Introduced RSTP 10 Gbps 2
Max Age 16 IEEE 802.1D-2004 · Replaced legacy STP with RSTP 20+ Gbps 1
IEEE
Hello Time 16 IEEE 802.1s · Introduced MST Port States

Forward Delay 16 IEEE 802.1Q-2003 · Added MST to 802.1Q Legacy ST Rapid ST
Default Timers IEEE 802.1Q-2005 · Most recent 802.1Q revision Disabled
Hello 2s PVST · Per-VLAN implementation of legacy STP Blocking Discarding

Cisco
Forward Delay 15s PVST+ · Added 802.1Q trunking to PVST Listening
Max Age 20s RPVST+ · Per-VLAN implementation of RSTP Learning Learning

Forwarding Forwarding
Spanning Tree Operation
Determine root bridge Port Roles
1
The bridge advertising the lowest bridge ID becomes the root bridge Legacy ST Rapid ST
Select root port Root Root

2
Each bridge selects its primary port facing the root
Designated Designated
Select designated ports
3 Alternate
One designated port is selected per segment
Blocking
Block ports with loops Backup
4
All non-root and non-desginated ports are blocked

SPANNING TREE · PART 2 packetlife.net
PVST+ and RPVST+ Configuration Bridge ID Format
4 12 48
spanning-tree mode {pvst | rapid-pvst}
Pri Sys ID Ext MAC Address
! Bridge priority
spanning-tree vlan 1-4094 priority 32768 Priority
4-bit bridge priority (configurable from 0 to 61440 in
! Timers, in seconds
spanning-tree vlan 1-4094 hello-time 2
increments of 4096)
spanning-tree vlan 1-4094 forward-time 15 System ID Extension
spanning-tree vlan 1-4094 max-age 20 12-bit value taken from VLAN number (IEEE 802.1t)
MAC Address
! PVST+ Enhancements
spanning-tree backbonefast 48-bit unique identifier
spanning-tree uplinkfast
Path Selection
! Interface attributes 1 Bridge with lowest root ID becomes the root
spanning-tree [vlan 1-4094] port-priority 128 2 Prefer the neighbor with the lowest cost to root
spanning-tree [vlan 1-4094] cost 19
3 Prefer the neighbor with the lowest bridge ID
! Manual link type specification 4 Prefer the lowest sender port ID
spanning-tree link-type {point-to-point | shared}
Optional PVST+ Ehancements
! Enables PortFast if running PVST+, or
! designates an edge port under RPVST+ PortFast
spanning-tree portfast Enables immediate transition into the forwarding state
(designates edge ports under MST)
! Spanning tree protection
spanning-tree guard {loop | root | none} UplinkFast
Enables switches to maintain backup paths to root
! Per-interface toggling BackboneFast
spanning-tree bpduguard enable Enables immediate expiration of the Max Age timer in
spanning-tree bpdufilter enable the event of an indirect link failure
MST Configuration Spanning Tree Protection

Root Guard
spanning-tree mode mst
Prevents a port from becoming the root port
! MST Configuration BPDU Guard
spanning-tree mst configuration Error-disables a port if a BPDU is received
name MyTree
revision 1
Loop Guard
Prevents a blocked port from transitioning to listening
! Map VLANs to instances after the Max Age timer has expired
instance 1 vlan 20, 30 BPDU Filter
instance 2 vlan 40, 50 Blocks BPDUs on an interface (disables STP)
! Bridge priority (per instance) RSTP Link Types
spanning-tree mst 1 priority 32768
Point-to-Point
! Timers, in seconds Connects to exactly one other bridge (full duplex)
spanning-tree mst hello-time 2 Shared
spanning-tree mst forward-time 15
Potentially connects to multiple bridges (half duplex)
spanning-tree mst max-age 20
Edge
! Maximum hops for BPDUs Connects to a single host; designated by PortFast
spanning-tree mst max-hops 20
Troubleshooting
! Interface attributes
show spanning-tree [summary | detail | root]
spanning-tree mst 1 port-priority 128 show spanning-tree [interface | vlan]
spanning-tree mst 1 cost 19
show spanning-tree mst […]

VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) adalah protocol yang mengatur VLAN pada
beberapa switch sekaligus dalam VTP domain yang sama. VTP dapat menambah,
mendelete dan merename VLAN sekaligus dalam beberapa switch. VTP
meringankan kerja administrator sehingga tidak perlu mengkonfigurasi VLAN
pada switch satu per satu.
VTP merupakan protocol cisco proprietary. Konfigurasi VLAN disimpan dalam file
database vlan.dat di flash memory.
Ada 3 VTP mode:
 Server (dafault)
 Client
 Transparent
VTP Server VTP Client VTP

Transparent
Create/Modify/Delete VLAN Yes No Only local
Syncronizes itself Yes Yes No
Forwards advertisements Yes Yes Yes
Dalam VTP ada namanya revision number. Revision number adalah banyaknya
update VTP yang telah diterima suatu switch.
Hal yang penting mengenai revision number adalah ketika switch mode server
atau client dengan VTP domain yang sama dan mempunyai revision number yang
lebih tinggi, ketika diletakkan dalam sebuah jaringan, maka otomatis mengirim
update VLAN databasenya dan mereplace database switch sebelumnya sehingga
membuat network down. Switch mode server akan tetap tereplace datatbasenya
karena mode server pada dasarnya merupakan mode client juga.
Solusinya dengan direset terlebih dahulu.
Konfigurasikan command dibawah pada semua switch.

Switch(config)#interface range fa0/1-2
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk
Server
Switch(config-if)#no shut
Switch(config-if)#vtp mode server
Switch(config)#vtp domain belajar
Switch(config)#vtp password rahasia
Transparent
Switch(config-if)#vtp mode transparent
Client
Switch(config-if)#vtp mode client
Server2
Switch(config-if)#vtp mode server
Buat VLAN pada masing-masing switch.
 Server : VLAN10, VLAN20
 Transparent : VLAN30, VLAN40
 Client : VLAN50, VLAN60
 Server2 : VLAN70, VLAN80
Hasilnya Server ada 4 VLAN.

Switch#show vlan

10 VLAN0010 active
20 VLAN0020 active
70 VLAN0070 active
80 VLAN0080 active
Transparent ada 2 VLAN.
Switch#sh vlan

30 VLAN0030 active
40 VLAN0040 active
Client ada 4 VLAN

Switch#SH VLAN

10 VLAN0010 active
20 VLAN0020 active
70 VLAN0070 active
80 VLAN0080 active
Server2 ada 4 VLAN.
Switch#SH VLAN

10 VLAN0010 active
20 VLAN0020 active
70 VLAN0070 active
80 VLAN0080 active
Static Routing
Default Routing
Enhanced Interior Gateway Protocol (EIGRP)
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Standard Access List
Extended Access List
Static NAT
Overloading/Port Address Translation (PAT)
HSRP
rpur
2016-07-30 08:19:10
--------------------------------------------
routing : IGP (semua perangkat milik
sendir)dan BGP(ada milik sendiri dan
orang lain)
IGP : static dan dinamic
static : untuk ke internet
cth : #default route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 int
ke ISP
Routing adalah mengirimkan packet data dari satu network ke network lain.
Perangkat yang digunakan dalam routing adalah router. Router digunakan untuk
best path selection dan packets forwarding.
Untuk menuju ke destination, router dapat dikonfigurasi dengan 2 cara:
 Manually, memasukkan route ke tabel routing secara manual (static
routing).
 Dynamically, menggunakan protocol routing (dynamic routing).
Dynamic Routing Static Routing
Configuration Generally independent of the Increases with the network

Complexity network size size
Topology Changes Automatically adapts to Administrator

topology changes intervention required
Scaling Suitable for simple and Suitable for simple

complex topologies topologies
Security Less secure More secure
Resource Usage Uses CPU, memory, link No extra resources needed

bandwidth
Predictability Route depends on the Route to destination is

current topology always the same
Dalam static routing, network administrator memasukkan route ke tabel routing
secara manual untuk menuju ke spesific network. Konfigurasi harus diupdate
secara manual setiap terjadi perubahan topologi.
 Static Routing mempunyai Administrative Distance (AD) 1 sehingga akan
lebih dipilih daripada dynamic routing.
 Better security, static routes tidak diadvertise dalam network.
 Use less bandwidth daripada dynamic routing protocol, karena tidak
melakukan pertukaran route.
 No CPU cycles are used to calculate and communicate routes.
 The path a static route uses to send data is known.
 Konfigurasi dan maintenance yang memakan waktu
 Tidak cocok untuk network skala besar.
 Untuk jaringan kecil yang tidak akan terjadi perubahan topologi secara
significant
 Routing ke/dari stub network. Stub network adalah jaringan yang diakses
hanya mempunyai 1 exit path (karena hanya mempunyai satu neighbor).
 Untuk unknown network menggunakan default route.
ip route (spaci) destination network (spaci) subnetmask (spaci) ip/interface next-

hop
Buatlah topologi dibawah dan konfigurasi interfacenya.
Router(config)#hostname SEMARANG
SEMARANG(config)#interface s0/0/0
SEMARANG(config-if)#ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
SEMARANG(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config)#hostname SOLO
SOLO(config)#interface s0/0/0
SOLO(config-if)#ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
SOLO(config-if)#no shutdown
SOLO(config-if)#interface f0/0
SOLO(config-if)#ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
SOLO(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config)#hostname JOGJA
JOGJA(config)#interface f0/0
JOGJA(config-if)#ip address 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
JOGJA(config-if)#no shutdown
Konfigurasikan routing static pada router Semarang dan Jogja. Router Solo tidak
perlu dikonfigurasi static routing karena sudah direct connected dengan router
Semarang dan Jogja.
SEMARANG(config-if)#ip route 23.23.23.0 255.255.255.0 12.12.12.2
JOGJA(config-if)#ip route 12.12.12.0 255.255.255.0 23.23.23.2
Sekarang cek ping dan lihat tabel routing.

JOGJA#ping 12.12.12.1
Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 12.12.12.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
.!!!!
Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 3/6/17 ms
JOGJA#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter
area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

S 12.12.12.0 [1/0] via 23.23.23.2
C 23.23.23.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
JOGJA#
SEMARANG#ping 23.23.23.3

!!!!!
SEMARANG#sh ip route
area

C 12.12.12.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
S 23.23.23.0 [1/0] via 12.12.12.2
SEMARANG#
Static routing ditandai dengan tanda S. Ketika ditraceroute, maka melewati
12.12.12.1 sebagai next-hop menuju network 23.23.23.0/24.
SEMARANG#traceroute 23.23.23.3
Tracing the route to 23.23.23.3
1 12.12.12.2 0 msec 0 msec 0 msec

2 23.23.23.3 1 msec 1 msec 4 msec
SEMARANG#
Default routing sebenarnya masuk dalam static routing. Biasa digunakan untuk
routing ke internet. Pada tabel routing, default routing selalu berada paling bawah
dan selalu menjadi last preferred (pilihan terakhir).
ip route (spaci) 0.0.0.0 (spaci) 0.0.0.0 (spaci) ip/interface next- hop
Lanjutan lab sebelumnya. Hapus dulu static route yang sebelumnya dibuat.
SEMARANG(config)#no ip route 23.23.23.0 255.255.255.0 12.12.12.2
JOGJA(config)#no ip route 12.12.12.0 255.255.255.0 23.23.23.2
Sekarang masukkan default routingnya.
SEMARANG(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 12.12.12.2
JOGJA(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 23.23.23.2
Sekarang tes ping dan cek tabel routing.

!!!!!
area
Gateway of last resort is 12.12.12.2 to network 0.0.0.0

rpur
12.0.0.0/24
2016-07-30 09:40:41is subnetted, 1 subnets
--------------------------------------------
S* 0.0.0.0/0
routing update[1/0]
: proses via 12.12.12.2
tukar menukar tabel routing.
SEMARANG#
Distance vektor :
Default- update
routing secara
ditandaipeiodik (per 30tanda
dengan s) S* dan destination 0.0.0.0/0 yang artinya ke
-
semua ip.full route
Link State :
- update jika terjadi perubahan status jaringan (cth:router down)
- parsial route (yg berubah saja yang diupdate)
cara mengetahui jalur terpendek :

RIP : hop count terpendek
(-) tidak mengenali bandwidth
(-) RIP tidak digunakan dalam prakteknya
IS-SI :
(-) pengalamatan tidak menggunakan IP tp CLNS Address
(-) tidak digunakan di indonesia
EIGRP
- bandwidth + delay
OSPF :
- bandwidth
yg banyak dipake EIGRP dan OSPF

EIGRP bisa digunakan jiak seluruh perangkat router CISCO
why OSPF :
- ISP memiliki perangkat campuran
- pelanggan ISP banyak variasi perangkat yang digunakan
Dynamic routing
- MPLS yangmenggunakan
support hanya di protocol
OSPF routing dalam pembentukan tabel
routing. Ketika topologi berubah, tabel routing akan ikut berubah secara otomatis.
BGP
 Use
- cth more bandwidth
: internet daripada
(user-ISP, ISP-A static routing, karena route exchanging.
ke ISP-B)
 CPU cycles
bagaimana are
jika usedterdapat
1 router to calculate and
beberapa communicate
konfigurasi routes.
protokol routing ?
ada parameter Adiministrasi distance (AD)
 Cocok untuk network skala besar.
S=1
E = 90
O = 110
R = 120
static paling pertama di jalankan
Autonomous System (AS) : penomoran dari 1-65 rb . ini sama seperti p ro

eID.
s
jika diterapkan pada internet, ia seperti IP public. tetapi jika di terapakan lokal
seperti ip private. spt #router ospf 1
- nomor AS jika untuk internet berbayar. di indonesi 1 nomor : 6 jt
IPv6 (Dedi Gunawan, 2016) : sulit diimplementasikan, karena angkanya b an

a
y
k,
menyulitkan troubleshooting. user belum siap. ipv6 memang alternatif tp blom
Internet tersusun atas banyak AS. Bayangkan internet itu seperti puzzle, maka AS-
AS adalah potongan puzzlenya. Dan di internet ada ribuan AS. AS atau
Autonomous System sendiri adalah kumpulan router didalam suatu authority
yang sama.
Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) digunakan untuk routing dalam sebuah AS (Intra-
AS). IGP digunakan untuk jaringan internal dalam sebuah perusahaan, organisasi
atau service provider. IGP juga dibagi menjadi 2 jenis:
- Distance Vector
Sesuai namanya, ada 2 karakteristik utama dalam penentuan routenya.
Distance = jauhnya source network menuju destination berdasarkan metric.
Metric dihitung dari hop count, cost, bandwidth, delay, dll.
Vector = direction atau arah dari next hop router untuk menuju ke destination.
Protocol jenis Distance Vector hanya mengetahui route dan metric untuk menuju
destination tertentu. Protocol tersebut tidak mempunyai informasi tentang map
jaringan atau topologi secara keseluruhan.
Yang termasuk protocol routing distance vector: RIPv1, RIPv2, IGRP dan EIGRP.
- Link-State
Protocol jenis link-state mengetahui topologi jaringan secara keseluruhan dengan
mengumpulkan informasi dari setiap router. Untuk jaringan dengan skala yang
luas (large network), link-state didesign secara hierarchical atau dibagi menjadi
area-area. Area yang harus ada pada link-state adalah area 0 atau backbone.
Pembagian menjadi area-area ini bertujuan mengurangi resource router dengan
setiap area mempunyai table routing yang berbeda dengan area yang lain.
Yang termasuk protocol routing link-state: OSPF dan IS-IS.
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) digunakan untuk routing antar AS (Inter AS).
Satu-satunya protocol EGP adalah BGP. BGP merupakan protocol berjenis path-
vector. Route yang dihasilkan dari BGP memuat attribute as-path. AS Path adalah
urutan AS Number yang dilewati suatu route untuk sampai ke destination.
 Cisco proprietary
 Advanced distance vector/hybrid routing protocol
 Using DUAL Algorithm.
 Multicast or unicast for exchange information use port 88
 Administrative distance 90
 Classless routing protocol support VLSM/CIDR.
 Support IPv6
 Rich metric (bandwidth, delay, load and reliability)
 Very fast convergence
 Equal and Unequal Load balancing
 100% loop-free
Konfigurasi interface seperti pada lab static routing dan tambahkan interface
loopback pada ketiga router. Interface loopback dapat dipakai sebagai identitas
dan sebagai ip logical.
SEMARANG(config)#int lo0
SEMARANG(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
SOLO(config)#int lo0
SOLO(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
JOGJA(config)#int lo0
JOGJA(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
Konfigurasi EIGRP pada router. AS Number dalam semua router EIGRP harus
sama.
SEMARANG(config)#router eigrp ?
<1-65535> Autonomous system number
SEMARANG(config)#router eigrp 10
SEMARANG(config-router)#network 12.12.12.0 ?
A.B.C.D EIGRP wild card bits
<cr>
SEMARANG(config-router)#network 12.12.12.0 0.0.0.255
SEMARANG(config-router)#network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
SEMARANG(config-router)#no auto-summary
SEMARANG(config-router)#ex
SOLO(config)#router eigrp 10
SOLO(config-router)#network 12.12.12.0 0.0.0.255
SOLO(config-router)#no auto-summary
JOGJA(config)#router eigrp 10
JOGJA(config-router)#network 23.23.23.0 0.0.0.255
JOGJA(config-router)#network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
JOGJA(config-router)#no auto-summary
No-auto summary bertujuan untuk menyertakan subnetmask dalam routing

EIGRP. Sekarang lakukan tes ping dan traceroute ke router jogja.

!!!!!

!!!!!
SEMARANG#traceroute 3.3.3.3
1 12.12.12.2 0 msec 2 msec 2 msec

2 23.23.23.3 1 msec 0 msec 1 msec
SEMARANG#
Pengecekan tabel routing.
1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

D 1.0.0.0/8 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:07:37, Serial0/0/0
C 1.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
D 2.2.2.2 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:07:37, Serial0/0/0
D 3.3.3.3 [90/2300416] via 12.12.12.2, 00:02:48, Serial0/0/0
D 23.23.23.0 [90/2172416] via 12.12.12.2, 00:02:49, Serial0/0/0
SEMARANG#
SOLO#sh ip route

D 1.0.0.0/8 is a summary, 00:08:13, Null0
D 1.1.1.1/32 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:08:07, Serial0/0/0
C 2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0
D 3.3.3.3 [90/156160] via 23.23.23.3, 00:03:19, FastEthernet0/0
SOLO#
JOGJA#sh ip route

D 1.0.0.0/8 [90/2300416] via 23.23.23.2, 00:03:39, FastEthernet0/0
D 1.1.1.1/32 [90/2300416] via 23.23.23.2, 00:03:39, FastEthernet0/0
JOGJA#
Tanda D menunjukkan bahwa route dihasilkan melalui protocol EIGRP. AD pada
EIGRP adalah 90 ditandai dengan warna kuning dan metic ditandai dengan warna
biru. Perhitungan metric menggunakan rumus tersendiri.
 Open Standard.
 Link-State routing protocol.
 Using SPF/Dijkstra Algorithm.
 Multicast for exchange information use port 89.
 Administrative distance 110.
 Support IPv6.
 Metric using cost.
 Fast convergence.
 Equal load balancing only.
 Using areas (backbone area and non-backbone areas).
Hapus konfigurasi EIGRP sebelumnya.

SEMARANG(config)# no router eigrp 10
SOLO(config)# no router eigrp 10
JOGJA(config-if)# no router eigrp 10
Konfigurasi OSPF pada router. OSPF menggunakan process ID. Process ID pada
setiap router tidak harus sama, yang terpenting adalah areanya. Untuk terhubung
antara area yang satu dengan yang lain harus melewari area 0 atau area backbone.
SEMARANG(config)#router ospf ?
<1-65535> Process ID
SEMARANG(config)#router ospf 1
SEMARANG(config-router)#net
SEMARANG(config-router)#network 12.12.12.0 ?
A.B.C.D OSPF wild card bits
SEMARANG(config-router)#network 12.12.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
SEMARANG(config-router)#network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
SOLO(config)#router ospf 2
SOLO(config-router)#network 12.12.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
JOGJA(config)#router ospf 3
JOGJA(config-router)#network 23.23.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
JOGJA(config-router)#network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 1
Sekarang lakukan tes ping.

!!!!!

!!!!!
SEMARANG#
Cek tabel routing.

O 2.2.2.2 [110/65] via 12.12.12.2, 00:02:45, Serial0/0/0
O IA 3.3.3.3 [110/66] via 12.12.12.2, 00:01:21, Serial0/0/0
O IA 23.23.23.0 [110/65] via 12.12.12.2, 00:03:13, Serial0/0/0
SOLO#sh ip ro

O 1.1.1.1 [110/65] via 12.12.12.1, 00:05:40, Serial0/0/0
O 3.3.3.3 [110/2] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:35, FastEthernet0/0
SOLO#
JOGJA#sh ip route

O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/66] via 23.23.23.2, 00:02:03, FastEthernet0/0
JOGJA#
Tanda O menunjukkan bahwa route dihasilkan melalui protocol OSPF. Tanda IA
menunjukkan bahwa destination route berada pada area yang berbeda. AD pada
OSPF adalah 110.
Access List (ACL) biasa digunakan untuk filtering. Ada 2 macam access list yaitu
standard dan extented.
Standard ACL Extended ACL
ACL Number range 1-99 ACL Number range 100-199
Can block a network, host and subnet Can allow or deny a network, host,
subnet and service
All service are blocked Select service can be blocked
Implemented closest to the destination Implemented closest to the destination

rpur
2016-07-29 20:28:47
Filtering based on source IP address Filtering based on source IP address,
--------------------------------------------
only destination IP, protocol
revisi : toand port
the source
number
Lakukan konfigurasi supaya PC LAN dapat ping ke server.

Konfigurasi interface dan routing pada Router0.
Router(config)#int fa0/1
Router(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no sh
Router(config-if)#int fa0/0
Router(config-if)#ip route 20.20.20.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.2
Router(config-if)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.1
Berikan IP pada server dan coba cek web server melalui browser pada PC LAN.
Cek ping dari PC LAN ke web server.
PC>ping 20.20.20.2


PC>
Sekarang konfigurasikan standard access list agar PC LAN tidak dapat mengakses
web server. Set access list pada router dan interface yang paling dekat dengan
destination.
Router(config)#access-list 10 deny 192.168.10.0 ?
A.B.C.D Wildcard bits
<cr>
Router(config)#access-list 10 deny 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
Router(config)#access-list 10 permit any
Router(config-if)#ip access-group 1 out
Cek ping dan akses browser dari PC LAN ke web server.
PC>ping 20.20.20.2
Reply from 10.10.10.2: Destination host unreachable.


PC>
Cek access list pada Router1.
Router#show access-lists
Standard IP access list 10
deny 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 (64 match(es))
permit any (5 match(es))
Router#
Pada standard access list, semua service akan diblok, baik UDP untuk akses
browser atau ICMP untuk ping. Untuk memilih hanya service tertentu saja,
gunakan extended access list.
Extented access list mengizinkan hanya service tertentu saja yang diblok. Gambar
dibawah adalah jenis-jenis service beserta aplikasinya.
Masih memakai topologi dari lab sebelumnya. Hapus dulu standard access list
yang telah dibuat pada Router1.
Router(config)#no access-list 10
Konfigurasi extended access list pada Router1 agar PC LAN dapat mengakses web
server namun tidak bisa melakukan ping.
Router(config)#access-list 100 deny icmp 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 host
20.20.20.2 echo
Router(config)#access-list 100 permit ip any any
Router(config-if)#ip access-group 100 out
Coba cek browser dan tes ping.
PC>ping 20.20.20.2


PC>
Cek access list.
Router#show access-lists
Standard IP access list 10
deny 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 (64 match(es))
permit any (5 match(es))
Router#
IOS IPV4 ACCESS LISTS packetlife.net
Standard ACL Syntax Actions
! Legacy syntax permit Allow matched packets

access-list <number> {permit | deny} <source> [log] deny Deny matched packets
! Modern syntax remark Record a configuration comment
ip access-list standard {<number> | <name>}
[<sequence>] {permit | deny} <source> [log] evaluate Evaluate a reflexive ACL
Extended ACL Syntax
! Legacy syntax
access-list <number> {permit | deny} <protocol> <source> [<ports>] <destination> [<ports>] [<options>]
! Modern syntax
ip access-list extended {<number> | <name>}
[<sequence>] {permit | deny} <protocol> <source> [<ports>] <destination> [<ports>] [<options>]
ACL Numbers Source/Destination Definitions

1-99 any Any address
IP standard
1300- 1999
host <address> A single address
100-199
IP extended <network> <mask> Any address matched by the wildcard mask
2000-2699
200-299 Protocol IP Options
300-399 DECnet dscp <DSCP> Match the specified IP DSCP
400-499 XNS fragments Check non-initial fragments
500-599 Extended XNS option <option> Match the specified IP option
600-699 Appletalk precedence {0-7} Match the specified IP precedence
700-799 Ethernet MAC ttl <count> Match the specified IP time to live (TTL)
800-899 IPX standard
TCP/UDP Port Definitions
900-999 IPX extended
eq <port> Equal to neq <port> Not equal to
1000-1099 IPX SAP
lt <port> Less than gt <port> Greater than
1100-1199 MAC extended
1200-1299 IPX summary range <port> <port> Matches a range of port numbers
Miscellaneous Options
TCP Options
reflect <name> Create a reflexive ACL entry
ack Match ACK flag
time-range <name> Enable rule only during the given time range
fin Match FIN flag
psh Match PSH flag Applying ACLs to Restrict Traffic
rst Match RST flag interface FastEthernet0/0

ip access-group {<number> | <name>} {in | out}
syn Match SYN flag
urg Match URG flag Troubleshooting
Match packets in an show access-lists [<number> | <name>]
established
established session show ip access-lists [<number> | <name>]
Logging Options show
show ip
ip access-lists
access-lists interface
dynamic <interface>
log Log
Log ACL entryincluding
matches matches
show ip interface [<interface>]
log-input ingress interface and
source MAC address show time-range [<name>]

Network Aceess Translation (NAT) digunakan untuk mentranslasikan ip privat ke
ip public atau sebaliknya. Misalkan ada server pada suatu perusahaan, selain bisa
diakses secara local, perusahaan ingin server tersebut bisa diakses lewat internet.
Maka server tersebut diberi ip public dan dikonfigurasi static NAT.
Dalam konfigurasi NAT, interface diset menjadi 2 kategori: inside dan outside.
 Inside = traffic yang masuk ke interface router dari local network.
 Outside = traffic yang keluar melalui interface router menuju
destination/internet.
Ada beberapa tipe NAT.
 Static NAT, satu ip privat ditranslasikan ke satu ip public (one to one
mapping)
 Dynamic NAT, Jumlah ip public yang disediakan harus sejumlah ip privat
yang ditranslasikan NAT jenis ini jarang digunakan.
 Overloading/Port Address Translation (PAT), akses internet menggunakan 1
ip public. Ini yang banyak digunakan sekarang.
Dalam static NAT, hanya 1 ip privat ditranslasikan ke 1 ip public. Artinya hanya 1
PC LAN yang dapat mengakses internet.
Konfigurasinya hampir sama dengan lab access list, namun tidak perlu dirouting
karena nantinya akan menggunakan NAT.
Konfigurasi static NAT dan default route pada R1. PC LAN 192.168.1.11 akan
ditranslasikan ke ip public 10.10.10.10.
Router(config)#ip nat inside source ?
list Specify access list describing local addresses
static Specify static local->global mapping
Router(config)#ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.11 10.10.10.10
Router(config-if)#ip nat inside
Router(config-if)#ip nat outside
Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 fa0/0
Ping static NAT melalui server dan sebaliknya. Alamat PC LAN tidak akan pernah
dapat diping dari internet.
SERVER>ping 10.10.10.10


SERVER>ping 192.168.1.11

Request timed out.

SERVER>
PC>ping 20.20.20.2


PC>
PAT digunakan agar banyak PC local dapat mengakses internet secara bersama-
sama hanya dengan menggunakan 1 ip public.
Lanjutan lab sebelumnya. Hapus dahulu konfigurasi static NAT yang telah dibuat.
Router(config)#no ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.11 10.10.10.10
Buat access list untuk mendefinisikan network yang akan ditranslasikan dan
konfigurasi dynamic nat overload pada R1.
Router(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
Router(config)#ip nat inside source list ?
<1-199> Access list number for local addresses
WORD Access list name for local addresses
Router(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 interface fa0/0 overload
Sekarang ping web server melalui PC0 dan PC1 pastikan reply.
PC>ping 20.20.20.2


PC>
NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION packetlife.net
Example Topology Address Classification
An actual address assigned to
Inside Local
an inside host
An inside address seen from
Inside Global
the outside
An actual address assigned to
FastEthernet0 FastEthernet1 Outside Global
an outside host
10.0.0.1/16 174.143.212.1/22
An outside address seen from
NAT Inside NAT Outside Outside Local
the inside
NAT Boundary Configuration Perspective
interface FastEthernet0 Local Global
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.0.0
ip nat inside
Inside Local Inside Global
Location
!
Inside
interface FastEthernet1
ip address 174.143.212.1 255.255.252.0
ip nat outside
Outside Outside Local Outside Global
Static Source Translation Terminology
! One line per static translation NAT Pool

ip nat inside source static 10.0.0.19 192.0.2.1 A pool of IP addresses to be used as inside
ip nat inside source static 10.0.1.47 192.0.2.2 global or outside local addresses in translations
ip nat outside source static 174.143.212.133 10.0.0.47 Port Address Translation (PAT)
ip nat outside source static 174.143.213.240 10.0.2.181
An extension to NAT that translates information
at layer four and above, such as TCP and UDP
Dynamic Source Translation port numbers; dynamic PAT configurations
include the overload keyword
! Create an access list to match inside local addresses
access-list 10 permit 10.0.0.0 0.0.255.255
Extendable Translation
! The extendable keyword must be appended
! Create NAT pool of inside global addresses when multiple overlapping static translations are
ip nat pool MyPool 192.0.2.1 192.0.2.254 prefix-length 24 configured
!
! Combine them with a translation rule
Special NAT Pool Types
ip nat inside source list 10 pool MyPool Rotary Used for load balancing
!
! Dynamic translations can be combined with static entries Match- Preserves the host portion of
ip nat inside source static 10.0.0.42 192.0.2.42 Host the address after translation
Port Address Translation (PAT) Troubleshooting
! Static layer four port translations show ip nat translations [verbose]

ip nat inside source static tcp 10.0.0.3 8080 192.0.2.1 80
show ip nat statistics
ip nat inside source static udp 10.0.0.14 53 192.0.2.2 53
ip nat outside source static tcp 174.143.212.4 23 10.0.0.8 23 clear ip nat translations
!
! Dynamic port translation with a pool NAT Translations Tuning
ip nat inside source list 11 pool MyPool overload
! ip nat translation tcp-timeout <seconds>
! Dynamic translation with interface overloading ip nat translation udp-timeout <seconds>
ip nat inside source list 11 interface FastEthernet1 overload ip nat translation max-entries <number>
Inside Destination Translation
! Create a rotary NAT pool

ip nat pool LoadBalServers 10.0.99.200 10.0.99.203 prefix-length 24 type rotary
!
! Enable load balancing across inside hosts for incoming traffic
ip nat inside destination list 12 pool LoadBalServers

High Availibility digunakan dengan maksud redundancy yaitu sebagai
menggunakan beberapa router, yang satu menjadi link utama dan yang lain
sebagai backup. Satu virtual gateway akan dipasang di PC local sehingga ketika
pindah router tidak perlu mengeset gateway lagi.
Konfigurasi routing seperti biasa pada ketika

Router(config)#hostname Router1
Router1(config)#int fa0/0
Router1(config-if)#ip add 13.13.13.1 255.255.255.0
Router1(config-if)#no sh
Router1(config-if)#int fa0/1
Router1(config-if)#router eigrp 10
Router1(config-router)#network 13.13.13.1 0.0.0.255
Router1(config-router)#passive-interface fa0/1
Router1(config-router)#no auto-summary
Router2(config-router)#passive-interface fa0/0
Router3(config)#int lo0

Pastikan Router1 dan Router2 dapat melakukan ping ke 3.3.3.3 baru lakukan
konfigurasi HSRP.
Router1(config-if)#standby ?
<0-4095> group number
ip Enable HSRP and set the virtual IP address
ipv6 Enable HSRP IPv6
preempt Overthrow lower priority Active routers
priority Priority level
track Priority Tracking
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 12.12.12.12
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt
%HSRP-6-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet0/1 Grp 1 state Speak -> Standby
%HSRP-6-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet0/1 Grp 1 state Standby -> Active

Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 105
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 track fa0/0
Router2(config-if)#standby preempt
Konfigurasi di PC.
PC0 IP:12.12.12.100/24 GATEWAY:12.12.12.12
PC1 IP:12.12.12.101/24 GATEWAY:12.12.12.12
Ping dan trace dari PC ke 3.3.3.3.

PC>ping 3.3.3.3


PC>tracert 3.3.3.3
Tracing route to 3.3.3.3 over a maximum of 30 hops:
1 1 ms 1 ms 0 ms 12.12.12.1
2 1 ms 1 ms 0 ms 3.3.3.3
Trace complete.
PC>
Cek standby pada Router1 dan Router2.

Router1#show standby br
P indicates configured to preempt.
|
Interface Grp Pri P State Active Standby Virtual IP
Fa0/1 1 105 P Active local 12.12.12.2 12.12.12.12
Router1#
Router2#show standby br
P indicates configured to preempt.
|
Interface Grp Pri P State Active Standby Virtual IP
Fa0/0 1 100 Standby 12.12.12.1 local 12.12.12.12
Router2#
Router2(config-if)#standby preempt
FIRST HOP REDUNDANCY packetlife.net
Protocols Attributes
Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) HSRP VRRP GLBP
Provides default gateway redundancy using one active Standard RFC 2281 RFC 3768 Cisco
and one standby router; standardized but licensed by
Cisco Systems Load Balancing No No Yes
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) IPv6 Support Yes No Yes
An open-standard alternative to Cisco's HSRP, Transport UDP/1985 IP/112 UDP/3222
providing the same functionality
Default Priority 100 100 100
Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP)
Supports arbitrary load balancing in addition to Default Hello 3 sec 1 sec 3 sec
redundancy across gateways; Cisco proprietary
Multicast Group 224.0.0.2 224.0.0.18 224.0.0.102
HSRP VRRP GLBP
100 200 100 100 200 100 100 200 100

Standby Active Listen Backup Master Backup AVF AVF AVF
AVG
HSRP Configuration HSRP/GLBP Interface States
interface FastEthernet0/0 Speak · Gateway election in progress

ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.0 Active · Active router/VG
standby version {1 | 2}
standby 1 ip 10.0.1.1 Standby · Backup router/VG
standby 1 timers <hello> <dead>
standby 1 priority <priority> Listen · Not the active router/VG
standby 1 preempt
standby 1 authentication md5 key-string <password> VRRP Interface States
standby 1 track <interface> <value> Master · Acting as the virtual router
standby 1 track <object> decrement <value>
Backup · All non-master routers
VRRP Configuration
GLBP Roles
ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.0
Active Virtual Gateway (AVG)
vrrp 1 ip 10.0.1.1 Answers for the virtual router and assigns
vrrp 1 timers {advertise <hello> | learn} virtual MAC addresses to group members
vrrp 1 priority <priority> Active Virtual Forwarder (AVF)
vrrp 1 preempt All routers which forward traffic for the group
vrrp 1 authentication md5 key-string <password>
vrrp 1 track <object> decrement <value> GLBP Load Balancing
Round-Robin (default)
GLBP Configuration
The AVG answers host ARP requests for the
interface FastEthernet0/0 virtual router with the next router in the cycle
ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.0 Host-Dependent
glbp 1 ip 10.0.1.1 Round-robin cycling is used while a consistent
glbp 1 timers <hello> <dead>
AVF is maintained for each host
glbp 1 timers redirect <redirect> <time-out>
glbp 1 priority <priority> Weighted
glbp 1 preempt Determines the proportionate share of hosts
glbp 1 forwarder preempt handled by each AVF
glbp 1 authentication md5 key-string <password>
glbp 1 load-balancing <method> Troubleshooting
glbp 1 weighting <weight> lower <lower> upper <upper>
glbp 1 weighting track <object> decrement <value> show standby [brief] show vrrp [brief]
show glbp [brief] show track [brief]
IPv6 Basic Link-Local
IPv6 Basic Global Unicast
IPv6 Basic EUI-64
IPv6 Static Routing
IPv6 RIPnG
IPv6 EIGRP
IPv6 OSPFv3
IPv6 IPv6IP Tunneling
IPv6 GRE IP Tunneling
IPv6 Tunnel 6to4
IPv6 Tunnel ISATAP
IPv6 Tunnel Auto-Tunnel
Pengguna internet berkembang sangat pesat sehingga space IPv4 yang tersedia
juga semakin sedikit. Apalagi dengan banyaknya perangkat seperti telepon dan
tablet yang butuh koneksi internet juga turut mengurangi space IPv4. Solusinya
adalah dengan IPv6 yang mempunyai space ip yang jauh lebih banyak.
Masalahnya adalah IPv4 berbeda dengan IPv6 sehingga banyak protocol yang
tidak compatible satu sama lain. Migrasi dari IPv4 ke IPv6 sudah banyak
dilakukan.
Berikut perbandingan jumlah IPv4 dan IPv6.
IPv4 32bit = 2^3 = 4.294.967.296
IPv6 128bit = 2^128 = 340.282.366.920.938.463.463.374.607.431.768.211.456
 Dengan banyaknya space yang disediakan IPv6 maka tidak perlu lagi
menggunakan Network Address Translation (NAT) dan Port Address Translation
(PAT).
 Dari segi size header, IPv6 mempunyai header yang lebih kecil dibanding IPv4.
 IPv6 terdiri dari 16bit hexadecimal dan case-insensitive yang terbagi menjadi 8
field, tidak seperti IPv4 yang terdiri dari 12bit dan terbagi menjadi 4 oktet.
 Jika dalam IPv4 ada namanya oktet, di IPv6 ada namanya field. Pada IPv6
prefixnya sampai 128. Contohnya: 0000:360B:0000:0000:0020:875B:131B/64.
Aslinya : 2541:0000:360B:0000:0000:0020:875B:131B/64
Jika ada 0000 baik berjejer atau tidak, dapat diwakili tanda colon 2 (::). Syaratnya
semua harus 0, tidak boleh ada angka selain 0.
Diringkas : 2541:0000:360B::0020:875B:131B/64
Klo sudah ada :: maka jika ada 0000 tidak bisa diwakili :: lagi karena hanya ada
satu :: dalam satu IPv6. 0000 bisa diwakili hanya dengan 0 saja.
Selain itu jika ada field yang depannya (sisi kirinya) adalah 0, maka 0 bisa
dihilangkan.
Diringkas lagi : 2541:0:360B::20:875B:131B/64
Dalam IPv6 tidak ada broadcast. Adanya unicast, multicast dan anycast.
Unicast, unicast dalam IPv6 sama dengan IPv4. Kelebihannya, IPv6 dapat
memberikan lebih dari 1 alamat pada 1 interface. Keren kan?
Multicast, pada IPv6, broadcast digantikan oleh multicast karena memang tidak
ada broadcast dalam IPv6.
Anycast, dalam IPv6 beberapa host dan router dapat diberi ip yang sama. Misalkan
kita punya beberapa web server dengan ip anycast yang sama. Dengan cara
tersebut, kita bisa mengarahkan host yang mengakses web server tadi untuk di
route ke web server terdekat.
Unique Local, sama dengan IP private pada IPv4. IP private digunakan untuk
network local dan bukan untuk internet. IP network yang digunakan adalah
FD00::/8.
Link Local, digunakan untuk mengirim dan menerima packet IPv6 dalam sebuah
single subnet. Tiap perangkat yang memakai IPv6 akan mempunyai alamat link
local secara otomatis pada interfacenya dan mempunyai link local scope atau
jangkauan link local, artinya packet tidak akan meninggalkan link local. Packet
yang dikirim ke destination tertentu akan tetap berada dalam link local dan tidak
diforward ke subnet lain oleh router. Link Local menggunakan IP network
FE80::/10.
Link Local digunakan sebagai RS (Router Solicitation) and RA (Router
Advertisement), untuk network discovery (sama seperti ARP) dan digunakan
sebagai next-hop untuk ip route.
Global Unicast, sama seperti ip publik untuk internet. IP network yang digunakan
adalah 2000::/3.
Unspecified, alamat ini digunakan ketika host tidak bisa menggunakan IPv6,
menggunakan ::/128
Loopback yang digunakan untuk software testing seperti 127.0.0.1. Loopback
menggunakan ip ::1/128.
Site Local. Site local dulunya digunakan sebagai ip private, sekarang sudah tidak
digunakan. IP site local adalah FECO::/10.
Secara default IPv6 tidak aktif, untuk mengaktifkan ketikkan perintah unicast-
routing.
R1(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
Setiap kali mengkonfigurasi IPv6 pada interface, link-local akan otomatis terbuat.
R1(config-if)#do sh ipv6 int fa0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::C201:9FF:FED0:0 [TEN]
No Virtual link-local address(es):
No global unicast address is configured
Joined group address(es):
FF02::1
FF02::2
MTU is 1500 bytes
ICMP error messages limited to one every 100 milliseconds
ICMP redirects are enabled
ICMP unreachables are sent
ND DAD is enabled, number of DAD attempts: 1
ND reachable time is 30000 milliseconds
ND advertised reachable time is 0 milliseconds
ND advertised retransmit interval is 0 milliseconds
ND router advertisements are sent every 200 seconds
ND router advertisements live for 1800 seconds
ND advertised default router preference is Medium
Hosts use stateless autoconfig for addresses.
R1(config-if)#
Bisa juga dengan perintah berikut.
R2(config)#int fa0/0
R2(config-if)#ipv6 address autoconfig
R2(config)#do show ipv6 int fa0/0

FastEthernet0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::C202:CFF:FED8:0 [TEN]
No global unicast address is configured
FF02::1
FF02::2
MTU is 1500 bytes
ND advertised reachable time is 0 milliseconds
ND advertised retransmit interval is 0 milliseconds
ND router advertisements are sent every 200 seconds
ND router advertisements live for 1800 seconds
ND advertised default router preference is Medium
R2(config)#
R1(config-if)#ipv6 address 12::1/126
RR1(config-if)#no sh
*Mar 1 00:22:30.687: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed
state to up
*Mar 1 00:22:31.687: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface
FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ipv6 add 12::2/126
R2(config-if)#no sh
state to up
Cek ping.
R2(config-if)#do ping 12::1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 12::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
R2(config-if)#
Untuk konfigurasi otomatis.
R2(config-if)#int fa0/1
R2(config-if)#ipv6 address 23::/64 eui-64
R2(config-if)#no sh
state to up
R3(config-if)#no sh
state to up
Cek interface R2 dan R3.

R2(config-if)#do sh ipv6 int br
FastEthernet0/0 [up/up]
FE80::C202:CFF:FED8:0
12::2
23::C202:CFF:FED8:1
Serial1/0 [administratively down/down]
R2(config-if)#

FastEthernet0/0 [administratively down/down]
FE80::C203:3FF:FEA8:1
23::C203:3FF:FEA8:1
R3(config-if)#
Cek ping ke R2.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 23::C202:CFF:FED8:1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
R3(config-if)#
Pakai topologi sebelumnya. Cek interface router untuk menentukan destination
dan next-hop.
R1#sh ipv6 int br
FE80::C201:9FF:FED0:0
12::1
R1#
R2#sh ipv6 int br

12::2
23::C202:CFF:FED8:1
R2#
R3#sh ipv6 int br

FE80::C203:3FF:FEA8:1
23::C203:3FF:FEA8:1
R3#
Konfigurasi static routing pada IPv6 hampir sama dengan IPv4.
R1(config)# ipv6 route 23::/64 12::2
R3(config)#ipv6 route 12::/126 23::C202:CFF:FED8:1
Cek tabel routing dan tes ping.
R1#sh ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - 4 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP
U - Per-user Static route, M - MIPv6
I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary
O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2
ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external
C 12::/126 [0/0]
via ::, FastEthernet0/0
L 12::1/128 [0/0]
S 23::/64 [1/0]
via 12::2
L FF00::/8 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
R1#ping 23::C203:3FF:FEA8:1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 23::C203:3FF:FEA8:1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Succes
R3(config)#do sho ipv6 route

S 12::/126 [1/0]
via 23::C202:CFF:FED8:1
C 23::/64 [0/0]
L 23::C203:3FF:FEA8:1/128 [0/0]
L FF00::/8 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
R3(config)#do ping 12::1

!!!!!
R3(config)#
Selain menggunakan ip next-hop, konfigurasi static routing juga dapat

menggunakan interface next-hop. Khusus IPv6, harus disertakan link localnya.
Hapus dulu static routing sebelumnya.
R1(config)#no ipv6 route 23::/64 12::2
R3(config)#no ipv6 route 12::/126 23::C202:CFF:FED8:1
R1(config)#ipv6 route 23::/64 FastEthernet 0/0
R1(config)#do ping 23::C203:3FF:FEA8:1

.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
R1(config)#
Ping gagal karena belum disertakan link local.
R1(config)#no ipv6 route 23::/64 FastEthernet 0/0
R1(config)#ipv6 route 23::/64 FastEthernet 0/0 FE80::C202:CFF:FED8:0
R1(config)#do ping 23::C203:3FF:FEA8:1

!!!!!
R1(config)#
Sekarang konfigurasi routing static pada R3.
R3(config)#ipv6 route 12::/126 FastEthernet 0/1 FE80::C202:CFF:FED8:1

!!!!!
R3(config)#
Masih memakai topologi sebelumnya, hapus dulu ipv6 route. Masukkan

konfigurasi RIPnG.
R1(config-if)#ipv6 rip ?
WORD User selected string identifying this RIP process
R1(config-if)#ipv6 rip 17 ?
default-information Configure handling of default route
enable Enable/disable RIP routing
metric-offset Adjust default metric increment
summary-address Configure address summarization
R1(config-if)#ipv6 rip 17 enable
R3#sh ipv6 route
R 12::/126 [120/2]
via FE80::C202:CFF:FED8:1, FastEthernet0/1
C 23::/64 [0/0]
L 23::C203:3FF:FEA8:1/128 [0/0]
L FF00::/8 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
R3#ping 12::1

!!!!!
R3#
Cek protocol yang sedang bekerja.
R1#sh ipv6 protocols
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "connected"
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "static"
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "rip 17"
Interfaces:
FastEthernet0/0
Redistribution:
None
R1#sh ipv6 rip 17
RIP process "17", port 521, multicast-group FF02::9, pid 238
Administrative distance is 120. Maximum paths is 16
Updates every 30 seconds, expire after 180
Holddown lasts 0 seconds, garbage collect after 120
Split horizon is on; poison reverse is off
Default routes are not generated
Periodic updates 34, trigger updates 0
Interfaces:
FastEthernet0/0
Redistribution:
None
R1#
Hapus dulu RIPnG nya.

R1(config)#no ipv6 router rip 17
Tambahkan interface loopback sebagai identitas dan agar lebih mudah diping.
R1(config-rtr)#int lo0
Konfigurasi EIGRP pada ketiga router.
R1(config)#ipv6 router eigrp 13
R1(config-rtr)#router-id 1.1.1.1
R1(config-rtr)#no shut
*Mar 1 00:34:24.023: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IPv6-EIGRP(0) 13: Neighbor
FE80::C202:CFF:FED8:0 (FastEthernet0/0) is up: new adjacency
R2(config-if)#ipv6 eigrp 13
R1(config-rtr)#int fa0/0

FE80::C203:3FF:FEA8:1 (FastEthernet0/1) is up: new adjacency
FE80::C201:9FF:FED0:0 (FastEthernet0/0) is up: new adjacency

FE80::C202:CFF:FED8:1 (FastEthernet0/1) is up: new adjacency

R1#sh ipv6 route
LC 1::1/128 [0/0]
via ::, Loopback0
D 2::2/128 [90/409600]
D 3::3/128 [90/435200]
C 12::/126 [0/0]
L 12::1/128 [0/0]
D 23::/64 [90/307200]
L FF00::/8 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
R1#ping 2::2

!!!!!
R1#ping 3::3

!!!!!
R1#
Hapus dulu EIGRP sebelumnya.
R1(config)##no ipv6 router eigrp 13
Sekarang konfigurasi OSPFv3 nya.

R1(config)#ipv6 router ospf 1
*Mar 1 00:21:43.595: %OSPFv3-4-NORTRID: OSPFv3 process 2 could not pick a
router-id,
R1(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 1 area 0

router-id,
please configure manually
*Mar 1 00:22:34.395: %OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on
FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

router-id,
please configure manually
*Mar 1 00:25:23.427: %OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 3, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on
FastEthernet0/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R3(config-if)#int lo0
Cek neighbor.
R2#sh ipv6 ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Interface ID Interface

3.3.3.3 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:35 5
FastEthernet0/1
1.1.1.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:27 4
FastEthernet0/0
R2#
R1#sh ipv6 route
LC 1::1/128 [0/0]
via ::, Loopback0
O 2::2/128 [110/10]
O 3::3/128 [110/20]
C 12::/126 [0/0]
L 12::1/128 [0/0]
O 23::/64 [110/20]
L FF00::/8 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
R1#ping 2::2

!!!!!
R1#ping 3::3

!!!!!
R1#
Tunneling adalah mengencapsulasi suatu packet data ke dalam packet data yang
lain. Disini, packet IPv6 di encapsulasi ke dalam packet IPv4.
Static Point-to-Point Tunnel, digunakan untuk tunneling point-to-point dan support
IGP pada IPv6. Static Point-to-Point Tunnel dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu:
 Manual Tunnel
 GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) Tunnel
Persamaan:
Sama-sama memforward multicast traffic.
Perbedaan:
 Untuk manual tunnel, seperti namanya, membutuhkan konfigurasi secara
manual. GRE Tunnel sudah aktif secara default sehingga tidak perlu
dikonfigurasi.
 GRE Tunnel mempunyai MTU yang lebih besar dibanding manual tunnel.
 Link-local GRE Tunnel dibuat secara otomatis dengan EUI-64 dan diambil
dari MAC Address Interface yang paling rendah. Sedang link-local manual
tunnel adalah FE80::/96 + 32 bit tunnel source IPv4.
Dynamic Multipoint IPv6 Tunnel, dinamakan dynamic karena tidak perlu
dispesifikasikan end-point IPv4 secara manual, atau bisa dikatakan tidak perlu
mengeset tunnel destination, digunakan untuk tunneling point to multipoint.
Dynamic Multipoint IPv6 Tunnel ini tidak support IGP dan hanya support static
routing atau BGP. Dynamic Multipoint IPv6 Tunnel ini dibagi menjadi 3:
 Automatic 6to4
 ISATAP (Intra-site Automatic Tunneling Addressing Protocol)
Automatic 6to4, menggunakan network 2002::/16. Network 2002::/16 memang
disediakan khusus untuk tunneling dan bukan untuk global unicast.
ISATAP, hampir sama dengan 6to4, namun tidak menggunakan network 2002::/16
untuk tunneling namun menggunakan global unicast. ISATAP secara otomatis
membuat tunnel ID menggunakan EUI-64.
R1(config)#int lo0
R1(config-if)#ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#ip add 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#int s1/1
R2(config-if)#ip add 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R3(config)#int lo0
R3(config-if)#int se1/1
R3(config-if)#ip add 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no sh
Sekarang konfigurasi routing IPv4 nya, boleh pake static, EIGRP ato OSPF.
R1(config-if)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#net 12.12.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Cek ping dulu.

R1#ping 23.23.23.3

!!!!!
R1#sh ip route

R1#
Konfigurasi tunnel IPv6IP.
R1(config)#int tun13
Tunnel13, changed state to down
R1(config-if)#tunnel source 12.12.12.1
R1(config-if)#tunnel destination 23.23.23.3
Tunnel13, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#tunnel mode ?
aurp AURP TunnelTalk AppleTalk encapsulation
cayman Cayman TunnelTalk AppleTalk encapsulation
dvmrp DVMRP multicast tunnel
eon EON compatible CLNS tunnel
gre generic route encapsulation protocol
ipip IP over IP encapsulation
ipsec IPSec tunnel encapsulation
iptalk Apple IPTalk encapsulation
ipv6 Generic packet tunneling in IPv6
ipv6ip IPv6 over IP encapsulation
mpls MPLS encapsulations
nos IP over IP encapsulation (KA9Q/NOS compatible)
rbscp RBSCP in IP tunnel
R1(config-if)#tunnel mode ipv6ip
R3(config-if)#tunnel mode ipv6ip
R1#sh ipv6 int br

Loopback0 [up/up]
FE80::C201:11FF:FE04:0
1::1
Tunnel13 [up/up]
FE80::C0C:C01
13::1
R1#sh ipv6 int tun13
Tunnel13 is up, line protocol is up
IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::C0C:C01
Global unicast address(es):
13::1, subnet is 13::/64
FF02::1
FF02::2
FF02::1:FF00:1
FF02::1:FF0C:C01
MTU is 1480 bytes
R1#sh int tun13
Hardware is Tunnel
MTU 1514 bytes, BW 9 Kbit, DLY 500000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation TUNNEL, loopback not set
Keepalive not set
Tunnel source 12.12.12.1, destination 23.23.23.3
Tunnel protocol/transport IPv6/IP
Tunnel TTL 255
Fast tunneling enabled
Tunnel transmit bandwidth 8000 (kbps)
Tunnel receive bandwidth 8000 (kbps)
Last input 00:02:22, output 00:07:11, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue: 0/0 (size/max)
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
9 packets input, 1008 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
23 packets output, 2152 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
R1#
Sekarang tes ping.

R1#ping 3::3
!!!!!
R1#sh ipv6 ro
R1#sh ipv6 route
LC 1::1/128 [0/0]
via ::, Loopback0
S 3::3/128 [1/0]
via 13::3
C 13::/64 [0/0]
via ::, Tunnel13
L 13::1/128 [0/0]
via ::, Tunnel13
L FF00::/8 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
R1#
Dari lab sebelumnya tinggal merubah tunnel mode atau cukup menghapus tunnel
mode sebelumnya karena GRE IP Tunneling secara default aktif.
Lakukan konfigurasi berikut.

R1(config)#int tunnel 13
R1(config-if)#tunnel mode ipv6i
R1(config-if)#no tunnel mode ipv6ip
R3(config-if)#tunnel mode gre ip
Cek interfacenya.
R3#show int tunnel31
Hardware is Tunnel
Keepalive not set
Tunnel source 23.23.23.3, destination 12.12.12.1
Tunnel protocol/transport GRE/IP
Key disabled, sequencing disabled
Checksumming of packets disabled
Tunnel TTL 255
R3#
Tes ping.
R3#ping 1::1

!!!!!
R3#
Masih menggunakan topologi sebelumnya. Hapus dulu interface tunnel dan ipv6
routenya.
R1(config)#no int tun13
R1(config)#do sh run | s i ipv6 route
ipv6 route 3::3/128 13::3
R1(config)#no ipv6 route 3::3/128 13::3

R3(config)#do sh run | s i ipv6 route
ipv6 route 1::1/128 13::1
R3(config)#no ipv6 route 1::1/128 13::1
Konfigurasi 6to4 tunnel.
R1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2002:0C0C:0C01::1/64
R1(config-if)#tunnel mode ipv6ip ?
6to4 IPv6 automatic tunnelling using 6to4
auto-tunnel IPv6 automatic tunnelling using IPv4 compatible addresses
isatap IPv6 automatic tunnelling using ISATAP
<cr>
R1(config-if)#tunnel mode ipv6ip 6to4

R3(config-if)#ipv6 address 2002:1717:1703::3/64
R3(config-if)#tunnel mode ipv6ip 6to4
Pengecekan.
R3(config-if)#do ping 2002:0C0C:0C01::1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2002:C0C:C01::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
R3(config-if)#
R1(config-if)#do ping 2002:1717:1703::3

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2002:1717:1703::3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
R1(config-if)#
R1#sh int tun 103

Hardware is Tunnel
Keepalive not set
Tunnel source 12.12.12.1, destination UNKNOWN
Tunnel protocol/transport IPv6 6to4
Tunnel TTL 255
Last input never, output 00:01:41, output hang never
Hitungan IP tunnelnya sebagai berikut:
12.12.12.1 -> 01100.01100.01100.0001 -> 0C0C:0C01 -> 2002:0C0C:0C01::1
23.23.23.3 -> 10111.10111.10111.0011 -> 1717:1703 -> 2002:1717:1703::3
IP tunnel 6to4 menggunakan network 2002:/64. Untuk lebih mudahnya,

perhitungan diatas dapat menggunakan calculator pada os windows dengan mode
programmer.
Masih memakai topologi sebelumnya. Hapus dulu interface tunnel dan ipv6
routenya.

Konfigurasi tunnel ISATAP.

R1(config)#int tun 1003
R1(config-if)#tunnel mode ipv6ip isatap
R3(config)#int tun 3001
R3(config-if)#ipv6 add 13::/64 eui-64
R3(config-if)#tunnel mode ipv6ip isatap
Tes ping.
Loopback0 [up/up]
FE80::C201:11FF:FE04:0
1::1
Tunnel1003 [up/up]
FE80::5EFE:C0C:C01
13::5EFE:C0C:C01
R1(config-if)#
R3(config-if)#do ping

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 13::5EFE:C0C:C01, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
R3(config-if)#
Masukkan routing static.
R1(config)#ipv6 route 3::3/128 13::5EFE:1717:1703
R3(config)#ipv6 route 1::1/128 13::5EFE:C0C:C01
Pengecekan.

!!!!!
R1(config)#

!!!!!
R3(config)#
R1(config)#do sh int tun1003

Hardware is Tunnel
Keepalive not set
Tunnel protocol/transport IPv6 ISATAP
Tunnel TTL 255
Masih memakai topologi sebelumnya. Hapus dulu interface tunnel dan ipv6
routenya.

Konfigurasi tunnel autotunnel.

R1(config-if)#tunnel mode ipv6ip auto-tunnel
R3(config-if)#tunnel mode ipv6ip au
R3(config-if)#tunnel mode ipv6ip auto-tunnel
Ping tunnelnya.
R3(config-if)#do ping ::12.12.12.1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to ::12.12.12.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
R3(config-if)#do sh int tun30001
Hardware is Tunnel
Keepalive not set
Tunnel protocol/transport IPv6 auto-tunnel
Tunnel TTL 255
R3(config-if)#
Konfigurasi static routing.
R1(config)#ipv6 route 3::3/128 ::23.23.23.3
R3(config)#ipv6 route 1::1/128 ::12.12.12.1
Pengecekan.

!!!!!
R1(config)#

!!!!!
R3(config)#
IPV6 packetlife.net
Protocol Header Address Notation
8 16 24 32 · Eliminate leading zeros from all two-byte sets
Ver Traffic Class Flow Label
· Replace up to one string of consecutive zeros
Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit with a double-colon (::)
Address Formats
Source Address
Global unicast
Global Prefix Subnet Interface ID

Destination Address 48 16 64
Link-local unicast
Version (4 bits) · Always set to 6 Interface ID
Traffic Class (8 bits) · A DSCP value for QoS 64 64
Flow Label (20 bits) · Identifies unique flows (optional)
Multicast
Payload Length (16 bits) · Length of the payload in bytes
Scope
Flags
Group ID
Next Header (8 bits) · Header or protocol which follows
8 4 4 112
Hop Limit (8 bits) · Similar to IPv4's time to live field
Source Address (128 bits) · Source IP address EUI-64 Formation
Destination Address (128 bits) · Destination IP address MAC
Address Types
EUI-64
Unicast · One-to-one communication
Multicast · One-to-many communication · Insert 0xfffe between the two halves of the MAC
Anycast · An address configured in multiple locations · Flip the seventh bit (universal/local flag) to 1
Multicast Scopes Extension Headers

1 Interface-local 5 Site-local Hop-by-hop Options (0)
Carries additional information which must be examined by every
2 Link-local 8 Org-local
router in the path
4 Admin-local E Global Routing (43)
Provides source routing functionality
Special-Use Ranges
Fragment (44)
::/0 Default route Included when a packet has been fragmented by its source
::/128 Unspecified Encapsulating Security Payload (50)
Provides payload encryption (IPsec)
::1/128 Loopback
Authentication Header (51)
::/96 IPv4-compatible* Provides packet authentication (IPsec)
::FFFF:0:0/96 IPv4-mapped Destination Options (60)
Carries additional information which pertains only to the recipient
2001::/32 Teredo
2001:DB8::/32 Documentation Transition Mechanisms
Dual Stack
2002::/16 6to4
Transporting IPv4 and IPv6 across an infrastructure simultaneously
FC00::/7 Unique local Tunneling
FE80::/10 Link-local unicast IPv6 traffic is encapsulated into IPv4 using IPv6-in-IP, UDP (Teredo),
or Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP)
FEC0::/10 Site-local unicast*
Translation
FF00::/8 Multicast Stateless IP/ICMP Translation (SIIT) translates IP header fields, NAT
* Deprecated Protocol Translation (NAT-PT) maps between IPv6 and IPv4 addresses
EIGRP Basic Configuration
EIGRP Filtering - Distribute List
EIGRP Filtering - Prefix List
EIGRP Filtering - Access List
EIGRP Filtering - Administrative Distance
EIGRP Authentication
EIGRP Summarization
EIGRP Unicast Update
EIGRP Default Route – Summary Address
EIGRP Redistribution - RIP
EIGRP Redistribution - OSPF
EIGRP Path Selection - Delay
EIGRP Path Selection - Bandwidth
EIGRP Equal Load Balancing
EIGRP Unequal Load Balancing
EIGRP Stub – Connected + Summary
EIGRP Stub – Connected
EIGRP Stub – Summary
EIGRP Stub – Static
EIGRP Stub – Redistributed
EIGRP Stub – Receive Only
EIGRP merupakan distance vector protocol dan cisco proprietary. Menggunakan
algoritma DUAL (Diffusing Update Algorithm).
 Advanced distance vector/hybrid routing protocol
 Multicast or unicast for exchange information use port 88
 Administrative distance 90
 Support IPv6
 Rich metric (bandwidth, delay, load and reliability)
 Very fast convergence
 Equal and Unequal Load balancing
 100% loop-free
Dinamakan advanced distance vector atau hybrid routing protocol karena EIGRP
tidak seperti RIP yang:
 No neighbor discovery
 Periodic updates
 Vulnerable to loops
 Simple metric (hop count)
Cisco menambahkan fitur-fitur dari link state pada EIGRP sehingga dapat
mengatasi masalah-masalah RIP. Pada router yang menjalankan EIGRP akan
mempunyai 3 database(tabel):
EIGRP neighbor table

 List semua directly connected neighbor
 Next-hop router
 Interface
EIGRP topology table
 List semua route yang dipelajari dari semua EIGRP neighbor
 Destination
 Metric
Routing table
 Best route dari EIGRP topology table
Successor and Feasible Successor

 Successor = best path to destination
 Feasible Successor = backup link to destination
EIGRP Packets
Hello Packet
 Untuk discover dan recovery neighbor serta membentuk adjency.
 Jika penerima membalas dengan hello packet maka terjadi adjency. Jika
penerima tidak mengirim hello packet dalam X waktu (hold time), maka
adjency akan didrop.
 Setelah adjency terbentuk, akan melakukan exchange routing information
yang akan disimpan di topology table. Best path dari topology table akan
disave di routing table.
 Reliable
Update Packet
 Berisi informasi routing
 Dapat dikirim secara unicast atau multicast
 Reliable
Query Packet
 Dikirim jika suatu router EIGRP kehilangan informasi tentang suatu
network, maka query akan dikirim ke neighbor untuk mendapat informasi
tentang neighbor yang hilang tadi.
Reply Packet
 Response dari query packet
ACK Packet
 Dikirim sebagai pemberitahuan bahwa telah menerima update packet.
 Dikirim secara unicast.
No Auto-Summary
Digunakan untuk menyertakan subnetmask dalam advertise network.
Ketikkan konfigurasi interface berikut. Pastikan dapat ping antar interface yang
directly connect.
R1
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial0/0
ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
!
R2
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial0/0
ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial0/1
ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
!
R3
interface Loopback0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial0/0
ip address 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
!
Konfigurasi EIGRP. Advertise network ke dalam routing EIGRP. Autonomous
Number (AS Number) harus sama pada setiap router.
R1
router eigrp 10
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
network 12.12.12.1 0.0.0.0
no auto-summary
R2
router eigrp 10
network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
network 12.12.12.2 0.0.0.0
network 23.23.23.2 0.0.0.0
no auto-summary
R3
router eigrp 10
network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
network 23.23.23.3 0.0.0.0
no auto-summary
Cek routing tabel dan tes ping.
R1#show ip route

D 2.2.2.2 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:06:56, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.3 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:06:56, Serial0/0
D 23.23.23.0 [90/2681856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:06:56, Serial0/0
C 12.12.12.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
R1#ping 2.2.2.2

!!!!!
R1#ping 3.3.3.3

!!!!!
Diguanakn untuk memfilter network berdasarkan route network yang masuk dan
keluar interface. Pada topologi dibawah, tujuannya agar ip loopback 2.2.2.2 tidak
ada dalam routing tabel R1.
Cara pertama: filter network menggunakan access list pada R1 dengan distribute
IN.
Masih menggunakan lab sebelumnya.

access-list 10 deny 2.2.2.2
access-list 10 permit any
router eigrp 10
distribute-list 10 in Serial0/0
Cek ip route.
R1#sh ip route

D 3.3.3.3 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:39, Serial0/0
D 23.23.23.0 [90/2681856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:39, Serial0/0
R1#
Cara kedua: filter network menggunakan access list pada R2 dengan distribute
OUT. Pastikan ip loopback 2.2.2.2 ada lagi dalam tabel routing R1 lalu pada R2 ketik
perintah dibawah.
router eigrp 10
access-list 10 deny 2.2.2.2
access-list 10 permit any
distribute-list 10 out Serial0/0
Cek routing tabel pastikan ip loopback 2.2.2.2 tidak ada.
Memfilter network berdasarkan prefix. Ketika dimasukkan prefix list IN pada R2,
maka network R3 yang dideny oleh R2 tidak akan diadvertise ke R1.
Masih menggunakan lab sebelumnya. Tujuannya agar network pada R3 dengan

prefix 24 sampai 28 diblok, selain itu ditampilkan.
R1
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial0/0
ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
!
router eigrp 10
network 0.0.0.0
no auto-summary
!
R2
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial0/0
ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial0/1
ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
!
router eigrp 10
network 0.0.0.0
no auto-summary
!
R3
interface Loopback0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial0/0
ip address 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
!
router eigrp 10
network 0.0.0.0
no auto-summary
!
Pada R1, buat ip loopback yang bervariatif untuk difilter.
interface Loopback1
ip address 3.3.3.17 255.255.255.240
!
interface Loopback2
ip address 3.3.3.33 255.255.255.248
!
interface Loopback3
ip address 3.3.3.150 255.255.255.252
!
interface Loopback4
ip address 3.3.3.200 255.255.255.240
!
interface Loopback5
ip address 3.3.3.100 255.255.255.224
!
Cek tabel routing R1.
R1#sh ip route

D 2.2.2.2 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:04:45, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.3/32 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:04:44, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.16/28 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:02, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.32/29 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:04:44, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.96/27 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:05, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.148/30 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:04:46, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.192/28 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:05, Serial0/0
D 23.23.23.0 [90/2681856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:04:47, Serial0/0
R1#
Konfigurasi prefix list filtering pada R2 dan cek tabel routing. Route dengan prefix
antara 24 sampai 28 sudah tidak ada.
R2(config-router)#ip prefix-list EIGRP_IN seq 5 deny 3.3.3.0/24 le 28
R2(config)#ip prefix-list EIGRP_IN seq 10 permit 0.0.0.0/0 le 32
R2(config)#router eigrp 10
R2(config-router)#distribute-list prefix EIGRP_IN in
R2(config-router)#
*Mar 1 00:07:32.647: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 10: Neighbor 12.12.12.1
(Serial0/0) is resync: route configuration changed
R2#sh ip route

D 1.1.1.1 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:10:55, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.3/32 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:51, Serial0/1
D 3.3.3.32/29 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:51, Serial0/1
D 3.3.3.148/30 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:51, Serial0/1
R2#
Begitu juga pada R1.
R1#sh ip route

D 2.2.2.2 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:11:45, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.3/32 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:03:22, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.32/29 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:03:22, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.148/30 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:03:22, Serial0/0
D 23.23.23.0 [90/2681856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:11:47, Serial0/0
R1#
Masih menggunakan lab sebelumnya. Tujuannya agar network pada R3 dengan
prefix 24 sampai 28 diblok, selain itu ditampilkan.
Jika sebelumnya memakai prefix IN, sekarang menggunakan OUT. Tujuannya agar
network pada R3 dengan prefix 28 sampai 30 diblok, selain itu ditampilkan. Hapus
konfigurasi prefix list IN sebelumnya.
R2(config-router)#no distribute-list prefix EIGRP_IN in
Pastikan semua network muncul pada tabel routing.

R1#sh ip route

D 2.2.2.2 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:04:45, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.3/32 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:04:44, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.16/28 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:02, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.32/29 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:04:44, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.96/27 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:05, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.148/30 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:04:46, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.192/28 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:05, Serial0/0
D 23.23.23.0 [90/2681856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:04:47, Serial0/0
R1#
Konfigurasi prefix list filtering OUT pada R2.
R2(config-router)# ip prefix-list EIGRP_OUT seq 5 deny 3.3.3.0/24 ge 28 le
30
R2(config)# ip prefix-list EIGRP_OUT seq 10 permit 0.0.0.0/0 ge 24
R2(config-router)#distribute-list prefix EIGRP_OUT out
Cek tabel routing pada R1 dan R2.

R2#sh ip route

D 1.1.1.1 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:10:55, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.3/32 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:51, Serial0/1
D 3.3.3.32/29 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:51, Serial0/1
D 3.3.3.148/30 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:51, Serial0/1
R2#
R1#sh ip route

D 2.2.2.2 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:03:29, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.3/32 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:03:28, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.96/27 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:03:28, Serial0/0
D 23.23.23.0 [90/2681856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:03:29, Serial0/0
R1#
R2#sh ip route

D 1.1.1.1 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:03:15, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.3/32 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.3, 00:03:15, Serial0/1
D 3.3.3.96/27 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.3, 00:03:15, Serial0/1
R2#
Access list juga dapat digunakan untuk filtering. Tujuan lab kali ini adalah
memfilter route yang genap dan ganjil pada tabel routing.
Buat ip loopback ganjil dan genap lalu advertise ke EIGRP.

R1(config)#interface Loopback1
R1(config-if)# ip address 11.11.11.1 255.255.255.255
R1(config-if)#!
R1(config-if)#interface Loopback2
R1(config-if)#!
R1(config-if)#!
R1(config-if)#!
R1(config-if)#!
R1(config-if)#!
R1(config-if)#!
R1(config-if)#!
***Advertise ke EIGRP***
R1(config-router)# network 11.11.11.1 0.0.0.0
***Cek tabel routing***

R3(config)#do sh ip route

D 1.1.1.1 [90/2809856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:05:40, Serial0/0
D 2.2.2.2 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:03, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.8 [90/2809856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:03, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.3 [90/2809856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:03:29, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.2 [90/2809856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:04, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.1 [90/2809856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:03:29, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.7 [90/2809856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:03:29, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.6 [90/2809856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:06, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.5 [90/2809856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:03:30, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.4 [90/2809856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:06, Serial0/0
D 12.12.12.0 [90/2681856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:06, Serial0/0
R3(config)#
Filter route yang ganjil aja.
R3(config)#access-list 10 permit 0.0.0.1 255.255.255.254
R3(config-router)#distribute-list 10 in s0/0

D 1.1.1.1 [90/2809856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:07:25, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.3 [90/2809856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:05:12, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.1 [90/2809856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:05:13, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.7 [90/2809856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:05:14, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.5 [90/2809856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:05:14, Serial0/0
R3(config)#
Filter route yang genap aja.
R3(config-router)#distribute-list 10 in s0/0
R3(config)#
R3(config)#do sh ip route

D 2.2.2.2 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:02:26, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.8 [90/2809856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:02:26, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.2 [90/2809856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:02:26, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.6 [90/2809856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:02:28, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.4 [90/2809856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:02:28, Serial0/0
D 12.12.12.0 [90/2681856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:02:28, Serial0/0
R3(config)#
Untuk memfilter route dengan mengeset Administrative Distance (AD) menjadi

255. Maka route tidak akan masuk tabel routing.
Buat interface loopback dan advertise ke nertwork.

R3(config)#int lo1
R3(config-if)#ip add 33.33.33.33 255.255.255.255
R3(config-if)#router eigrp 10
R3(config-router)#network 33.33.33.33 0.0.0.0
Pastikan sudah ter-advertise.
R2#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static
route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

D 1.1.1.1 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:04:36, Serial0/0
D 33.33.33.33 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.3, 00:00:12, Serial0/1
D 3.3.3.3 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.3, 00:00:12, Serial0/1
D 11.11.11.8 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:02:56, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.3 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:02:56, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.2 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:02:58, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.1 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:02:58, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.7 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:02:57, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.6 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:02:58, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.5 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:02:58, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.4 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:02:58, Serial0/0
R2#ping 3.3.3.3

!!!!!
R2#
Dengan mengeset distance 255 pada network 33.33.33.33 di R2, maka network
33.33.33.33 tidak akan muncul pada tabel routing R2. Ketika dicek, network
33.33.33.33 sudah tidak ada.
R2(config)#access-list 33 permit 33.33.33.33
R2(config-router)#distance 255 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 33
R2(config-router)#do sh ip route

D 1.1.1.1 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:13, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.3 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.3, 00:00:13, Serial0/1
D 11.11.11.8 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:13, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.3 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:15, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.2 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:15, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.1 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:15, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.7 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:18, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.6 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:18, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.5 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:18, Serial0/0
D 11.11.11.4 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:18, Serial0/0
R2(config-router)#do ping 33.33.33.33

.....
R2(config-router)#
Untuk memberikan authentikasi pada EIGRP dengan mengeset password,
Authentication akan mencegah router untuk menerima update packet dari
sembarang router EIGRP.
Set authentication pada R1 dan R2.

R1(config)#key chain EIGRP
R1(config-keychain)#key 1
R1(config-keychain-key)#key-string CISCO
R1(config-keychain-key)#int s0/0
R1(config-if)#ip authentication mode eigrp 10 md5
R1(config-if)#ip authentication key-chain eigrp 10 EIGRP
(Serial0/0) is down: authentication mode changed
R2(config)#key chain EIGRP

R2(config-keychain)#key 1
R2(config-keychain-key)#key-string CISCO
R2(config-keychain-key)#int s0/0
R2(config-if)#ip authentication mode eigrp 10 md5
R2(config-if)#ip authentication key-chain eigrp 10 EIGRP
R2(config-if)#
(Serial0/0) is down: authentication mode changed
Lakukan debug untuk pengecekan.
R1#debug eigrp packets
EIGRP Packets debugging is on
(UPDATE, REQUEST, QUERY, REPLY, HELLO, IPXSAP, PROBE, ACK, STUB,
SIAQUERY, SIAREPLY)
R1#
*Mar 1 00:01:15.211: EIGRP: received packet with MD5 authentication, key id
= 1
*Mar 1 00:01:15.215: EIGRP: Received HELLO on Serial0/0 nbr 12.12.12.2
*Mar 1 00:01:15.215: AS 10, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0
peerQ un/rely 0/0
R1#
*Mar 1 00:01:18.395: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Serial0/0
*Mar 1 00:01:18.419: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Loopback0
*Mar 1 00:01:18.423: EIGRP: Received HELLO on Loopback0 nbr 1.1.1.1
*Mar 1 00:01:18.423: AS 10, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0
*Mar 1 00:01:18.427: EIGRP: Packet from ourselves ignored
R1#
*Mar 1 00:01:27.315: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Serial0/0
*Mar 1 00:01:27.655: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Loopback0
*Mar 1 00:01:27.659: EIGRP: Received HELLO on Loopback0 nbr 1.1.1.1
*Mar 1 00:01:27.663: AS 10, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0
Matikan debug EIGRP.
R1#undebug eigrp packets
EIGRP Packets debugging is off
Cek adjency EIGRP.
R1#sh ip eigrp neighbors
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 10
H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
0 12.12.12.2 Se0/0 11 00:02:43 27 200 0 8
R1#
Summarization digunakan untuk meringkas beberapa route menjadi satu route.

Fungsinya untuk mengurangi size dari routing table dan mengurangi update
routing.
Buat interface loopback pada R2 untuk diadvertise ke EIGRP.

R2(config-if)#!
R2(config-if)#!
R2(config-if)#!
R2(config-if)#!
R2(config-if)#!
R2(config-if)#!
R2(config-if)#!
R2(config-if)#!
Cek di R1 dan R3.
R3#show ip route

D 1.1.1.1 [90/2809856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:07:53, Serial0/0
D 2.2.2.2 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:07:53, Serial0/0
D 22.22.22.6 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:28, Serial0/0
D 22.22.22.7 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:31, Serial0/0
D 22.22.22.4 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:31, Serial0/0
D 22.22.22.5 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:31, Serial0/0
D 22.22.22.2 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:32, Serial0/0
D 22.22.22.3 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:32, Serial0/0
D 22.22.22.1 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:32, Serial0/0
D 22.22.22.8 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:31, Serial0/0
D 12.12.12.0 [90/2681856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:07:57, Serial0/0
R3#
Konfigurasi summarization di interface s0/1 pada R2.

R2(config-router)# int s0/1
R2(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 10 22.22.22.0 255.255.255.248
R2(config-if)#
(Serial0/1) is resync: summary configured
Cek di R3.
R3#sh ip route

D 1.1.1.1 [90/2809856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:13:36, Serial0/0
D 2.2.2.2 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:13:36, Serial0/0
D 22.22.22.0/29 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:38, Serial0/0
D 22.22.22.8/32 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:06:13, Serial0/0
D 12.12.12.0 [90/2681856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:13:39, Serial0/0
R3#ping 22.22.22.1

!!!!!
R3#ping 22.22.22.8

!!!!!
R3#
Secara default EIGRP melakukan update melalui ip multicast 224.0.0.10, unicast

update mengganti update dari multicast ke unicast neighbornya.
Cek bahwa EIGRP mengirim update secara multicast. IP multicast adalah

244.0.0.10
R1#debug ip packet detail
IP packet debugging is on (detailed)
R1#
*Mar 1 00:00:57.331: IP: s=12.12.12.2 (Serial0/0), d=224.0.0.10, len 60,
rcvd 2, proto=88
*Mar 1 00:00:58.079: IP: s=1.1.1.1 (local), d=224.0.0.10 (Loopback0), len
60, sending broad/multicast, proto=88
*Mar 1 00:00:58.083: IP: s=1.1.1.1 (Loopback0), d=224.0.0.10, len 60, rcvd
2, proto=88
R1#
*Mar 1 00:01:00.271: IP: s=12.12.12.1 (local), d=224.0.0.10 (Serial0/0),
len 60, sending broad/multicast, proto=88
R1#
*Mar 1 00:01:03.019: IP: s=1.1.1.1 (local), d=224.0.0.10 (Loopback0), len
60, sending broad/multicast, proto=88
*Mar 1 00:01:03.023: IP: s=1.1.1.1 (Loopback0), d=224.0.0.10, len 60, rcvd
2, proto=88
R1#undebug ip packet detail
IP packet debugging is off (detailed)
Konfigurasi link R1 ke R2 menjadi unicast.
R1(config-router)#neighbor 12.12.12.2 s0/0
R1(config-router)#
(Serial0/0) is down: Static peer configured
R1(config-router)#
R2(config-router)#neighbor 12.12.12.1 s0/0
Cek debug lagi harusnya sudah ganti unicast.
R1#debug ip packet detail
IP packet debugging is on (detailed)
R1#
*Mar 1 00:15:51.467: IP: tableid=0, s=12.12.12.2 (Serial0/0), d=12.12.12.1
(Serial0/0), routed via RIB
*Mar 1 00:15:51.471: IP: s=12.12.12.2 (Serial0/0), d=12.12.12.1
(Serial0/0), len 60, rcvd 3, proto=88
R1#
R1#undebug ip packet detail
IP packet debugging is off (detailed)
R1#
Agar setiap router tidak perlu membuat konfigurasi default route satu persatu
secara manual.
R1(config)#int s0/0
R1(config-if)#ip sum
R1(config-if)#ip summary-address eig
R1(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 10 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
R1(config-if)#
(Serial0/0) is resync: summary configured
Cek di R1.
R1(config-if)#do sh ip route

D 2.2.2.2 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:01:15, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.3 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:01:14, Serial0/0
D 23.23.23.0 [90/2681856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:01:15, Serial0/0
D 22.22.22.6 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:01:17, Serial0/0
D 22.22.22.7 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:01:17, Serial0/0
D 22.22.22.4 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:01:17, Serial0/0
D 22.22.22.5 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:01:17, Serial0/0
D 22.22.22.2 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:01:18, Serial0/0
D 22.22.22.3 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:01:18, Serial0/0
D 22.22.22.1 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:01:18, Serial0/0
D 22.22.22.8 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:01:18, Serial0/0
D* 0.0.0.0/0 is a summary, 00:00:17, Null0
Pada default route aka nada Null0. Null0 berfungsi mendrop packet yang tidak
ditemukan tujuannya karena default route.
Untuk meredistribute RIP ke dalam EIGRP.
Buat interface loopback di R1 dan advertise ke dalam RIP.

R1(config-if)#ip add 111.111.111.111 255.255.255.255
R1(config-if)#router rip
R1(config-router)#version 2
R1(config-router)#network 111.111.111.0
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary
Redistribute RIP ke EIGRP.
Redistribute RIP ke EIGRP.

R1(config-router)#redistribute rip metric 1 1 1 1 1
R1#sh ip route

D 2.2.2.2 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:25:20, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.3 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:25:20, Serial0/0
D 23.23.23.0 [90/2681856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:25:20, Serial0/0
R1#
R3#sh ip route

D 1.1.1.1 [90/2809856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:13:37, Serial0/0
D 2.2.2.2 [90/2297856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:13:38, Serial0/0
D EX 111.111.111.111 [170/2561024256] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:06, Serial0/0
D 12.12.12.0 [90/2681856] via 23.23.23.2, 00:13:40, Serial0/0
R3#ping 111.111.111.111

!!!!!
R3#
Tanda EX menunjukkan bahwa route dihasilkan dengan proses redistribute.
Untuk meredistribute OSPF ke dalam EIGRP.
Buat interface loopback di R2 dan advertise ke dalam OSPF.

R2(config)#int lo1
R2(config-if)#ip add 22
R2(config-if)#ip add 222.222.222.222 255.255.255.255
Redistribute OSPF ke EIGRP.
R2(config-router)#redistribute ospf 11 metric 1 1 1 1 1
R1#sh ip route

D EX 222.222.222.222 [170/2560512256] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:52, Serial0/0
D 2.2.2.2 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:05:14, Serial0/0
D 3.3.3.3 [90/2809856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:05:14, Serial0/0
D 23.23.23.0 [90/2681856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:05:17, Serial0/0
R1#ping 222.222.222.222

!!!!!
R1#
Buatlah toplogi seperti diatas dan lakukan konfigurasi interface dan EIGRP.
R1(config)#int lo0
R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
R1(config-if)#ip add 13.13.13.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#int f0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-router)#net 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#no au
R2(config)#int lo0
R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
R2(config-if)#ip add 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#ip add 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R3(config)#int lo0
R3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
R3(config-if)#ip add 13.13.13.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no sh
R3(config-if)#ip add 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0

FE80::C203:3FF:FEA8:1 (FastEthernet0/1) is up: new adjacency
FE80::C201:9FF:FED0:0 (FastEthernet0/0) is up: new adjacency
Mengetahui route yang digunakan ke 3.3.3.3.

R1#sh ip route 3.3.3.3
Routing entry for 3.3.3.3/32
Known via "eigrp 13", distance 90, metric 435200, type internal
Redistributing via eigrp 13
Last update from 12.12.12.2 on FastEthernet0/0, 00:04:36 ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 12.12.12.2, from 12.12.12.2, 00:04:36 ago, via FastEthernet0/0
Route metric is 435200, traffic share count is 1
Total delay is 7000 microseconds, minimum bandwidth is 10000 Kbit
Reliability 255/255, minimum MTU 1500 bytes
Loading 1/255, Hops 2
Mengetahui semua route yang digunakan ke 3.3.3.3 dengan EIGRP.
R1#sh ip eigrp top 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
IP-EIGRP (AS 13): Topology entry for 3.3.3.3/32
State is Passive, Query origin flag is 1, 1 Successor(s), FD is 435200
12.12.12.2 (FastEthernet0/0), from 12.12.12.2, Send flag is 0x0
Composite metric is (435200/409600), Route is Internal
Vector metric:
Minimum bandwidth is 10000 Kbit
Total delay is 7000 microseconds
Reliability is 255/255
Load is 1/255
Minimum MTU is 1500
Hop count is 2
13.13.13.3 (Serial1/0), from 13.13.13.3, Send flag is 0x0
Vector metric:
Load is 1/255
Minimum MTU is 1500
Hop count is 1
Ternyata EIGRP lebih memilih FastEthernet daripada Serial. Hal ini dikarenakan
bandwidth FastEthernet lebih besar. Untuk menjadikan Serial menjadi link utama
dapat dilakukan dengan mengubah delay.
R1(config-if)#delay 100000
R1(config-if)#do clear ip eigrp neighbor

(Serial1/0) is down: manually cleared
(FastEthernet0/0) is down: manually cleared
(FastEthernet0/0) is up: new adjacency
(Serial1/0) is up: new adjacency
*Mar 1 00:23:01.507: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Sekarang cek lagi dan jalur sudah berpindah melalui Serial1/0.
R1#sh ip eigrp top 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
Vector metric:
Load is 1/255
Minimum MTU is 1500
Hop count is 1
Vector metric:
Load is 1/255
Minimum MTU is 1500
Hop count is 2
Last update from 13.13.13.3 on Serial1/0, 00:00:43 ago
* 13.13.13.3, from 13.13.13.3, 00:00:43 ago, via Serial1/0
R1#traceroute 3.3.3.3

1 13.13.13.3 140 msec 4 msec 68 msec


1 13.13.13.3 172 msec 72 msec 72 msec

2 23.23.23.2 140 msec 144 msec 72 msec
R1#
Selain menggunakan delay, dapat juga menggunakan bandwidth.

Hapus dulu konfigurasi delay sebelumnya sehingga route berubah seperti semula.
R1(config)#int f0/0
R1(config-if)#no delay 100000
R1(config-if)#do sh ip eigrp top 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
Vector metric:
Load is 1/255
Minimum MTU is 1500
Hop count is 2
Vector metric:
Load is 1/255
Minimum MTU is 1500
Hop count is 1
Ubah bandwidth.
R1(config-if)#bandwidth 1000
R1(config-if)#do clear ip eigrp neighbor
Sekarang cek lagi.
R1(config-if)#do sh ip eigrp top 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
Vector metric:
Load is 1/255
Minimum MTU is 1500
Hop count is 1
Vector metric:
Load is 1/255
Minimum MTU is 1500
Hop count is 2
R1(config-if)#
R1#sh ip route

D 2.2.2.2 [90/2323456] via 13.13.13.3, 00:00:27, Serial1/0
D 3.3.3.3 [90/2297856] via 13.13.13.3, 00:00:27, Serial1/0
D 23.23.23.0 [90/2195456] via 13.13.13.3, 00:00:27, Serial1/0

1 13.13.13.3 152 msec 140 msec 72 msec

1 13.13.13.3 184 msec 44 msec 16 msec

2 23.23.23.2 140 msec 96 msec 36 msec
Secara default EIGRP akan menerapkan load balancing pada link yang equal. Pada
topologi dibawah dari R1 menuju R3 dapat menggunakan 2 jalur dan semuanya
FastEthernet.
Buat topologi diatas dan lakukan konfigurasi berikut.

R1(config)#int lo0
R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
R1(config-if)#ip add 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#ip add 14.14.14.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-router)#net 0.0.0.0
R2(config)#int lo0
R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
R2(config-if)#ip add 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#ip add 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R3(config)#int lo0
R3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
R3(config-if)#ip add 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no sh
R3(config-if)#ip add 34.34.34.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no sh
R4(config)#int lo0
R4(config-if)#ip add 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
R4(config-if)#ip add 14.14.14.4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no sh
R4(config-if)#ip add 34.34.34.4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no sh
Cek routing tabel dan route menuju 3.3.3.3 dari R1.

R1#sh ip route

[90/435200] via 12.12.12.2, 00:01:16, FastEthernet0/0
12.12.12.2, from 12.12.12.2, 00:01:42 ago, via FastEthernet0/0
Didapat bahwa 2 jalur digunakan secara bersamaan (load balancing) menuju ke
3.3.3.3. Sekarang lakukan traceroute ke 3.3.3.3.

1 14.14.14.4 160 msec

12.12.12.2 172 msec
14.14.14.4 188 msec
2 23.23.23.3 312 msec
34.34.34.3 216 msec
23.23.23.3 188 msec
R1#
Pada link yang unequal, maka load balancing tidak aktif dan hanya akan
menggunakan satu link.
Masih memakai topologi sebelumnya. Sebelumnya ubah bandwidth interface

fa0/0 menjadi 1000Kbit agar tidak equal dengan fa0/1.
Sekarang cek route ke 3.3.3.3 dan hanya melalui satu link.

R1(config-if) R1(config-if)#do clear ip route *
R1(config-if)#do sh ip route 3.3.3.3
R1(config-if)#do sh ip eigrp top 3.3.3.3/32

Vector metric:
Load is 1/255
Minimum MTU is 1500
Hop count is 2
Vector metric:
Load is 1/255
Minimum MTU is 1500
Hop count is 2
R1(config-if)# #do clear ip route
Untuk mengaktifkan load balancing, harus dicari nilai variencenya. Varience

adalah 2739200 : 435200 = 6.29412, berapapun komanya bulatkan kebawah
sehingga menjadi 7.
Dengan nilai varience 7, artinya setiap 7 packet dikirimkan melalui link pertama
dan 1 packet melalui link kedua.
Sekarang set nilai variencenya.
R1(config-router)#variance 7
Cek apakah sudah load balancing.

R1(config-router)#do sh ip route 3.3.3.3
12.12.12.2, from 12.12.12.2, 00:00:42 ago, via FastEthernet0/0
R1(config-router)#
Router stub akan mengadvertise directly connected dan summary route.
Lakukan konfigurasi berikut.

R1
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
!
router eigrp 10
redistribute static
network 12.12.12.1 0.0.0.0
no auto-summary
!
R2
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface Loopback1
ip address 22.22.21.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Loopback2
ip address 22.22.22.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Loopback3
ip address 22.22.23.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Loopback4
ip address 22.22.24.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Loopback5
ip address 22.22.25.1 255.255.255.0
!
ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
!
ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
ip summary-address eigrp 10 22.22.0.0 255.255.0.0 5
!
router eigrp 10
redistribute static
redistribute rip metric 1 1 1 1 1
network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
network 12.12.12.2 0.0.0.0
network 22.22.0.0 0.0.0.0
network 23.23.23.2 0.0.0.0
no auto-summary
!
router rip
network 22.0.0.0
!
ip route 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 FastEthernet0/0
R3
interface Loopback0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
!
ip address 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
!
router eigrp 10
network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
network 23.23.23.3 0.0.0.0
no auto-summary
!
Cek tabel routing di R3.
R3#sh ip route

D EX 1.1.1.1 [170/307200] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:01, FastEthernet0/1
R3#
Sekarang tes masukkan perintah eigrp stub.

R2(config-router)#eigrp stub
Cek ip route dan bandingkan dengan sebelumnya. Hanya ada route connected dan
summary sedang redistribute sudah terhapus.
R3#sh ip route

R3#
Router stub hanya akan mengadvertise directly connected route.
Lanjutan lab sebelumnya. Hapus dulu perintah eigrp stub sebelumnya.

R2(config-router)#no eigrp stub
Cek ip route dan tabel routing sudah kembali seperti semua. Masukkan eigrp stub
connected.
R3#sh ip route

R3#
R2(config-router)# eigrp stub connected

(FastEthernet0/0) is down: peer info changed
(FastEthernet0/1) is down: peer info changed
Cek lagi ip route.
R3#sh ip route

R3#
Router stub hanya akan mengadvertise summary route.
R2(config-router)# eigrp stub summary
R3#sh ip route

R3#
Router stub akan mengadvertise static route.
R2(config-router)#eigrp stub static
R3#sh ip route

R3#
Router stub akan mengadvertise redistributed route.
R2(config-router)#eigrp stub redistributed
R3#sh ip route

R3#
Lanjutan lab sebelumnya. Hapus dulu perintah eigrp stub sebelumnya.

R2(config-router)#eigrp stub receive-only

R3#
R1#sh ip route

EIGRP packetlife.net
Protocol Header Attributes
8 16 24 32
Type Distance Vector
Version Opcode Checksum
Algorithm DUAL
Flags
Internal AD 90
Sequence Number
External AD 170
Acknowledgment Number
Summary AD 5
Autonomous System Number
Standard Cisco proprietary
Type Length
Protocols IP, IPX, Appletalk
Value
Transport IP/88
Metric Formula Authentication MD5
K2 * bw K5 Multicast IP 224.0.0.10
256 * (K * bw + + K * delay) *
1 3
256 - load rel + K4 Hello Timers 5/60
· bw = 10 / minimum path bandwidth in kbps
7
Hold Timers 15/180
· delay = interface delay in µsecs / 10
K Defaults Packet Types
EIGRP Configuration
K1 1 1 Update
Protocol Configuration
K2 0 3 Query
! Enable EIGRP
router eigrp <ASN> K3 1 4 Reply
! Add networks to advertise K4 0 5 Hello
network <IP address> <wildcard mask> K5 0 8 Acknowledge
! Configure K values to manipulate metric formula
Terminology
metric weights 0 <k1> <k2> <k3> <k4> <k5>
Reported Distance
! Disable automatic route summarization The metric for a route advertised by a neighbor
no auto-summary
Feasible Distance
The distance advertised by a neighbor plus the cost
! Designate passive interfaces
passive-interface (<interface> | default) to get to that neighbor
Stuck In Active (SIA)
! Enable stub routing The condition when a route becomes unreachable
eigrp stub [receive-only | connected | static | summary] and not all queries for it are answered; adjacencies
with unresponsive neighbors are reset
! Statically identify neighoring routers
neighbor <IP address> <interface> Passive Interface
An interface which does not participate in EIGRP but
Interface Configuration whose network is advertised
! Set maximum bandwidth EIGRP can consume
ip bandwidth-percent eigrp <AS> <percentage>
Stub Router
A router which advertises only a subset of routes,
! Configure manual summarization of outbound routes and is omitted from the route query process
ip summary-address eigrp <AS> <IP address> <mask> [<AD>]
Troubleshooting
! Enable MD5 authentication show ip eigrp interfaces
ip authentication mode eigrp <AS> md5
ip authentication key-chain eigrp <AS> <key-chain> show ip eigrp neighbors
! Configure hello and hold timers show ip eigrp topology

ip hello-interval eigrp <AS> <seconds> show ip eigrp traffic
ip hold-time eigrp <AS> <seconds>
clear ip eigrp neighbors
! Disable split horizon for EIGRP
no ip split-horizon eigrp <AS> debug ip eigrp [packet | neighbors]

OSPF Basic Configuration
OSPF Virtual Link
OSPF GRE Tunnel
OSPF Standar Area
OSPF Stub Area
OSPF Totally Stub Area
OSPF Not So Stubby Area (NSSA)
OSPF External Route Type 1
OSPF Summarization – Area Range
OSPF Summarization – Summary Address
OSPF Path Selection
 Open Standard.
 Link-State routing protocol.
 Using SPF/Dijkstra Algorithm.
 Multicast for exchange information use port 89.
 Administrative distance 110.
 Support IPv6.
 Metric using cost.
 Fast convergence.
 Equal load balancing only.
 Using areas (backbone area and non-backbone areas).
Link-state mengetahui peta keseluruhan (topology) dalam jaringan untuk
menentukan shortest path.
Link = interface dari router.

State = ke router neighbor mana interface tadi terhubung.
Link state router bekerja dengan mengirim link-state advertisement (LSA) ke
router link-state lain dan disimpan di link-state database (LSDB). LSA seperti
puzzle yang membentuk LSDB. LSDB adalah gambaran keseluruhan jaringan yang
kita sebut topology. Ketika LSDB sudah lengkap, maka OSPF akan menghitung
shortest path.
OSPF bekerja dengan konsep area. Area yang harus ada pada OSPF adalah area 0
atau backbone area. Area-area lain (non-backbone area) yang ingin terhubung,
harus melalui backbone area.
Pembagian area ini bertujuan untuk memanajemen traffic dan mengurangi

resources yang dipakai oleh router. Ada beberapa jenis router dalam OSPF.
Backbone router = router dalam backbone area.
Area Border Router (ABR) = router dalam 2 area.
Autonomous System Border Router (ASBR) = router yang terhubung ke network
lain yang menjalankan routing yang berbeda.
OSPF menggunakan metric yang disebut cost. Cost dihitung berdasarkan

bandwidth suatu interface.
Cost = reference bandwidth / interface bandwidth
Default reference bandwidth adalah 100Mbit, tapi ini bisa diubah karena saat ini
sudah ada interface yang sampai giga.
Setiap LSA mempunyai aging timer yaitu batas waktu berlaku. Defaultnya LSA
valid selama 30 menit. Setelah itu akan expire dan dikirim lagi LSA baru dengan
sequence number yang lebih tinggi.
Ketikkan konfigurasi interface berikut.
R1
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 13
router-id 1.1.1.1
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 12.12.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
R2
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
!
ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial1/0
ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 13
router-id 2.2.2.2
network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 10
network 12.12.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 23.23.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 10
!
R3
interface Loopback0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial1/0
ip address 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 14
router-id 3.3.3.3
network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 10
network 23.23.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 10
!
Cek tabel routing.
R1#sh ip route

R1#
R2#sh ip route

O 3.3.3.3 [110/65] via 23.23.23.3, 00:08:39, Serial1/0
R2#
R3#sh ip route

O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/75] via 23.23.23.2, 00:08:17, Serial1/0
O 2.2.2.2 [110/65] via 23.23.23.2, 00:08:52, Serial1/0
O IA 12.12.12.0 [110/74] via 23.23.23.2, 00:08:52, Serial1/0
R3#
Tes ping.
R1#ping 2.2.2.2

!!!!!
R1#ping 3.3.3.3

!!!!!
R1#
R2#sh ip ospf database
OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 13)
Router Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count

1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 616 0x80000002 0x0015AB 2
2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 615 0x80000002 0x00F9D1 1
Net Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum

12.12.12.2 2.2.2.2 615 0x80000001 0x0014EB
Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 656 0x80000001 0x00FA31
3.3.3.3 2.2.2.2 646 0x80000001 0x004F98
23.23.23.0 2.2.2.2 656 0x80000001 0x00901F

2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 655 0x80000002 0x009C44 3
3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 658 0x80000002 0x00BB1D 3

1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 613 0x80000001 0x008D98
12.12.12.0 2.2.2.2 658 0x80000001 0x00FF07
R2#
R1
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 13
router-id 1.1.1.1
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 12.12.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
!
R2
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
!
ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial1/0
ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 13
router-id 2.2.2.2
network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 1
network 12.12.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
network 23.23.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
!
R3
interface Loopback0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial1/0
ip address 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 14
router-id 3.3.3.3
network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 2
network 23.23.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
!
Cek tabel routing.

R1(config-router)#

O 3.3.3.3 [110/65] via 23.23.23.3, 00:01:43, Serial1/0
R2(config-router)#

R3(config-router)#
Cek database OSPF.

1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 261 0x80000001 0x00D351 1

2.2.2.2 1.1.1.1 189 0x80000001 0x007DA8
12.12.12.0 1.1.1.1 257 0x80000001 0x001EEC

1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 193 0x80000002 0x00389C 1
2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 195 0x80000002 0x00298A 2

12.12.12.2 2.2.2.2 195 0x80000001 0x0014EB

1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 297 0x80000001 0x0047EC
R1#

2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 293 0x80000002 0x00D624 2
3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 287 0x80000002 0x00BB1D 3
R3#
Konfigurasi virtual link: area area-id virtual-link router-id
R1(config)#router ospf 13
R1(config-router)#area 1 virtual-link ?
A.B.C.D ID (IP addr) associated with virtual link neighbor
R1(config-router)#area 1 virtual-link 2.2.2.2

*Mar 1 00:09:45.563: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 13, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on OSPF_VL0
from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R1#sh ip route

R1#
Network 3.3.3.3 belum ada pada tabel routing.

*Mar 1 00:12:26.355: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 14, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on OSPF_VL0
from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
Cek lagi
R1#sh ip route

R1#ping 2.2.2.2

!!!!!
R1#ping 3.3.3.3

!!!!!
R1#
Cek virtual link.
R1#sh ip ospf virtual-links
Virtual Link OSPF_VL0 to router 2.2.2.2 is up
Run as demand circuit
DoNotAge LSA allowed.
Transit area 1, via interface FastEthernet0/0, Cost of using 10
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:09
Adjacency State FULL (Hello suppressed)
Index 1/2, retransmission queue length 0, number of retransmission 0
First 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last retransmission scan length is 0, maximum is 0
Last retransmission scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
R1#
2#sh ip ospf virtual-links

Transit area 2, via interface Serial1/0, Cost of using 64
First 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Transit area 1, via interface FastEthernet0/0, Cost of using 10
First 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
R2#
R3#sh ip ospf virtual-links

Transit area 2, via interface Serial1/0, Cost of using 64
First 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
R3#
Hapus virtual link terlebih dahulu.

R1(config-router)#no area 1 virtual-link 2.2.2.2
Konfigurasi GRE tunnel.
R1(config)#int tun1
R1(config-if)#ip add 102.102.102.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config)#int tun1
R2(config-if)#ip add 102.102.102.2 255.255.255.0
R1#sh ip route

C 102.102.102.0 is directly connected, Tunnel1
O IA 3.3.3.3 [110/11176] via 102.102.102.2, 00:03:52, Tunnel1
O IA 23.23.23.0 [110/11175] via 102.102.102.2, 00:03:52, Tunnel1
R1#ping 2.2.2.2

!!!!!
R1#ping 3.3.3.3

!!!!!
R1#
R1#sh ip int br
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status
Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 12.12.12.1 YES NVRAM up
up
FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down
down
Serial1/0 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down
down
down
down
down
Loopback0 1.1.1.1 YES NVRAM up
up
Tunnel1 102.102.102.1 YES manual up
up
R1#
R1
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 13
router-id 1.1.1.1
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 10
network 12.12.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 10
!
R2
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
!
ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial1/0
ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 13
router-id 2.2.2.2
network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 12.12.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 10
network 23.23.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
R3
interface Loopback0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial1/0
ip address 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 14
router-id 3.3.3.3
network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 23.23.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
Buat interface loopback di R3 dan masukkan beberapa interfacenya ke EIGRP.
interface Loopback1
ip address 33.33.33.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface Loopback2
ip address 33.33.33.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface Loopback3
ip address 33.33.33.3 255.255.255.255
!
interface Loopback4
ip address 33.33.33.4 255.255.255.255
!
interface Loopback5
ip address 33.33.33.5 255.255.255.255
!
interface Loopback6
ip address 33.33.33.6 255.255.255.255
!
interface Loopback7
ip address 33.33.33.7 255.255.255.255
!
interface Loopback8
ip address 33.33.33.8 255.255.255.255
!
router eigrp 2
net 33.33.33.1 0.0.0.0
net 33.33.33.2 0.0.0.0
net 33.33.33.3 0.0.0.0
net 33.33.33.4 0.0.0.0
no auto-summary
Masukkan interface yang lain ke OSPF dengan area 100 dan redistribute EIGRP ke
OSPF lalu cek tabel routing R1.
router ospf 14
net 33.33.33.5 0.0.0.0 area 100
net 33.33.33.6 0.0.0.0 area 100
net 33.33.33.7 0.0.0.0 area 100
net 33.33.33.8 0.0.0.0 area 100
redistribute eigrp 2 subnets
Cek R1.

O E2 33.33.33.1 [110/20] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/0
R1(config-router)#
R1(config-router)#do sh ip ospf database

1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 127 0x80000002 0x0015AB 2
2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 127 0x80000002 0x00F9D1 1

12.12.12.2 2.2.2.2 127 0x80000001 0x0014EB

2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 193 0x80000001 0x00FA31
3.3.3.3 2.2.2.2 103 0x80000001 0x004F98
23.23.23.0 2.2.2.2 193 0x80000001 0x00901F
33.33.33.5 2.2.2.2 103 0x80000001 0x00FE8C
33.33.33.6 2.2.2.2 103 0x80000001 0x00F495
33.33.33.7 2.2.2.2 103 0x80000001 0x00EA9E
33.33.33.8 2.2.2.2 103 0x80000001 0x00E0A7
Summary ASB Link States (Area 10)

3.3.3.3 2.2.2.2 105 0x80000001 0x0037B0
Type-5 AS External Link States
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Tag

33.33.33.1 3.3.3.3 433 0x80000001 0x00DA55 0
33.33.33.2 3.3.3.3 433 0x80000001 0x00D05E 0
33.33.33.3 3.3.3.3 433 0x80000001 0x00C667 0
33.33.33.4 3.3.3.3 433 0x80000001 0x00BC70 0
R1(config-router)#

R1#sh ip route

Konfigurasi stub.
R1(config-router)#area 10 stub
R2(config-router)#area 10 stub
Sekarang cek tabel routing lagi.

O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/11] via 12.12.12.2, 00:02:09, FastEthernet0/0
E2 hilang diganti dengan 0*. Cek database OSPF.

1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 339 0x80000005 0x00687D 2
2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 499 0x80000005 0x0012B8 1

12.12.12.2 2.2.2.2 495 0x80000003 0x002ED1

0.0.0.0 2.2.2.2 501 0x80000001 0x0075C0
2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 501 0x80000002 0x001716
3.3.3.3 2.2.2.2 501 0x80000002 0x006B7D
23.23.23.0 2.2.2.2 501 0x80000002 0x00AC04
33.33.33.5 2.2.2.2 501 0x80000002 0x001B71
33.33.33.6 2.2.2.2 501 0x80000002 0x00117A
33.33.33.7 2.2.2.2 501 0x80000002 0x000783
33.33.33.8 2.2.2.2 503 0x80000002 0x00FC8C
Konfigurasi totally stub.
R2(config-router)#no area 10 stub
R2(config-router)#area 10 stub no-summary
Cek tabel routing dan OSPF database.
R1#sh ip route


1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 251 0x80000004 0x002F91 2
2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 257 0x80000004 0x0014B7 1

12.12.12.2 2.2.2.2 252 0x80000003 0x002ED1

0.0.0.0 2.2.2.2 625 0x80000001 0x0075C0
R1#
Tambahkan interface loopback di R1 dengan konfigurasi RIP.
R1(config-router)#ver 2
R1(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets
Hapus OSPF stub sebelumnya dan ganti dengan nssa.

R2(config-router)#no area 10 stub
R2(config-router)#area 10 nssa
*Mar 1 00:10:39.295: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 13, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on
FastEthernet0/0 from DOWN to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset
Cek tabel routing R1. Internal area dari ospf area 100 muncul di stub router R1.

R1(config-router)#
Cek tabel routing R3. External route dari RIP dan EIGRP sudah muncul di R1.
R3#sh ip route

O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/75] via 23.23.23.2, 00:19:55, Serial1/0
O 2.2.2.2 [110/65] via 23.23.23.2, 00:27:47, Serial1/0
O E2 11.11.11.3 [110/20] via 23.23.23.2, 00:19:11, Serial1/0
O E2 11.11.11.2 [110/20] via 23.23.23.2, 00:19:11, Serial1/0
O E2 11.11.11.1 [110/20] via 23.23.23.2, 00:19:11, Serial1/0
O IA 12.12.12.0 [110/74] via 23.23.23.2, 00:27:49, Serial1/0
R3#
Pada R1 belum ada default route sehingga belum bisa ping ke 33.33.33.1 -
33.33.33.4 pada network EIGRP pada R3 yang diredistribute ke OSPF.
R1#ping 33.33.33.1

.....
R1#
Caranya adalah dengan menambahkan konfigurasi pada ABR routernya yaitu R2.
R2(config-router)#area 10 nssa default-information-originate
R1#sh ip route

O*N2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:18, FastEthernet0/0
R1#ping 33.33.33.1

!!!!!
R1#
Jika diinginkan internal route OSPF area lain tidak ditampilkan dalam database
namun masih bisa mengirimkan External Route RIP nya, maka tambahkan no-
summary pada ABR R2.
R2(config-router)#area 10 nssa no-summary
Cek tabel route R1.

R1#sh ip route

R1#ping 33.33.33.1

!!!!!
Pastikan external route RIP dari R1 masih bisa diterima R3.
R3#sh ip route

O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/75] via 23.23.23.2, 00:32:10, Serial1/0
O 2.2.2.2 [110/65] via 23.23.23.2, 00:40:02, Serial1/0
O E2 11.11.11.3 [110/20] via 23.23.23.2, 00:31:28, Serial1/0
O E2 11.11.11.2 [110/20] via 23.23.23.2, 00:31:28, Serial1/0
O E2 11.11.11.1 [110/20] via 23.23.23.2, 00:31:28, Serial1/0
O IA 12.12.12.0 [110/74] via 23.23.23.2, 00:40:06, Serial1/0
R3#ping 11.11.11.1

!!!!!
R3#
R2#sh ip route

O E2 33.33.33.1 [110/20] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:41, Serial1/0
O E2 33.33.33.3 [110/20] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:41, Serial1/0
O E2 33.33.33.2 [110/20] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:41, Serial1/0
O IA 33.33.33.5 [110/65] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:41, Serial1/0
O E2 33.33.33.4 [110/20] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:42, Serial1/0
O IA 33.33.33.7 [110/65] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:42, Serial1/0
O IA 33.33.33.6 [110/65] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:42, Serial1/0
O IA 33.33.33.8 [110/65] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:42, Serial1/0
O 3.3.3.3 [110/65] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:43, Serial1/0
O N2 11.11.11.3 [110/20] via 12.12.12.1, 00:02:08, FastEthernet0/0
R2#
R3#sh ip route

O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/75] via 23.23.23.2, 00:01:14, Serial1/0
O 2.2.2.2 [110/65] via 23.23.23.2, 00:01:47, Serial1/0
O E2 11.11.11.3 [110/20] via 23.23.23.2, 00:01:11, Serial1/0
O E2 11.11.11.2 [110/20] via 23.23.23.2, 00:01:11, Serial1/0
O E2 11.11.11.1 [110/20] via 23.23.23.2, 00:01:11, Serial1/0
O IA 12.12.12.0 [110/74] via 23.23.23.2, 00:01:49, Serial1/0

Known via "ospf 14", distance 110, metric 20, type extern 2, forward
metric 75
Konfigurasi external route 1.
R1(config)#route-map TIPE_SATU
R1(config-route-map)#set metric-type type-1
R1(config-route-map)#router ospf 13
R1(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets route-map TIPE_SATU
Cek di R3.
R3#sh ip route

O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/75] via 23.23.23.2, 00:01:01, Serial1/0
O 2.2.2.2 [110/65] via 23.23.23.2, 00:01:01, Serial1/0
O E1 11.11.11.3 [110/95] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:53, Serial1/0
O E1 11.11.11.2 [110/95] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:53, Serial1/0
O E1 11.11.11.1 [110/95] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:53, Serial1/0
O IA 12.12.12.0 [110/74] via 23.23.23.2, 00:01:03, Serial1/0
R3#
R2#sh ip route

O E2 33.33.33.1 [110/20] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:42, Serial1/0
O E2 33.33.33.3 [110/20] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:42, Serial1/0
O E2 33.33.33.2 [110/20] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:42, Serial1/0
O IA 33.33.33.5 [110/65] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:42, Serial1/0
O E2 33.33.33.4 [110/20] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:44, Serial1/0
O IA 33.33.33.7 [110/65] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:44, Serial1/0
O IA 33.33.33.6 [110/65] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:44, Serial1/0
O IA 33.33.33.8 [110/65] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:44, Serial1/0
O 3.3.3.3 [110/65] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:46, Serial1/0
R2#
Jika sebelumnya metric sama-sama 20 pada tabel routing R2 dan R3, sekarang
sudah berbeda.
R1
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
router-id 1.1.1.1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
!
R2
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
!
ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial1/0
ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 2
router-id 2.2.2.2
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
!
R3
interface Loopback0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial1/0
ip address 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 3
router-id 3.3.3.3
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
!
Buat ip loopback yang bervariatif.

R1(config)#int lo1
R1(config-if)#ip add 11.11.11.1 255.255.255.255
R1(config-if)#ip add 11.11.11.2 255.255.255.255
R1(config-if)#ip add 11.11.11.3 255.255.255.255
R1(config-if)#ip add 11.11.11.4 255.255.255.255
R1(config-if)#ip add 11.11.11.5 255.255.255.255
R1(config-if)#ip add 11.11.11.6 255.255.255.255
Cek routing table.

R2#sh ip route

O 3.3.3.3 [110/65] via 23.23.23.3, 00:04:12, Serial1/0
R2#
Filter yang ganjil saja menggunakan access-list dan konfigurasi distribute-list.
R2(config-router)#distribute-list 10 in
Cek tabel routing dan lihat hasilnya.
route

O 3.3.3.3 [110/65] via 23.23.23.3, 00:00:15, Serial1/0
R2(config-router)#
Walau didalalam ip route tidak muncul, namun di ospf database masih muncul
karena router dalam area yang sama memiliki database yang sama.

1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 401 0x80000007 0x003446 8
2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 617 0x80000002 0x000875 4
3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 613 0x80000002 0x007365 3

12.12.12.1 1.1.1.1 662 0x80000001 0x004CB8
R2#

1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 430 0x80000007 0x003446 8
2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 648 0x80000002 0x000875 4
3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 643 0x80000002 0x007365 3

12.12.12.1 1.1.1.1 690 0x80000001 0x004CB8
R1#
R1
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
router-id 1.1.1.1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
!
R2
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
!
ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial1/0
ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 2
router-id 2.2.2.2
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
!
R3
interface Loopback0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial1/0
ip address 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 3
router-id 3.3.3.3
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
!
Buat ip loopback untuk nantinya disummary.
R3(config)#int lo1
R3(config-if)#ip add 33.33.33.1 255.255.255.255
R3(config-if)#ip add 33.33.33.2 255.255.255.255
R3(config-if)#ip add 33.33.33.3 255.255.255.255
R3(config-if)#ip add 33.33.33.4 255.255.255.255
R3(config-if)#ip add 33.33.33.5 255.255.255.255
R3(config-if)#ip add 33.33.33.6 255.255.255.255
route

R1(config-router)#
Konfigurasi summary di R3.

R3(config-router)#area 10 range 33.33.33.0 255.255.255.248
Cek tabel routing dan sudah tersummary.

R1(config-router)#

O 1.1.1.1 [110/75] via 23.23.23.2, 00:02:04, Serial1/0
O 2.2.2.2 [110/65] via 23.23.23.2, 00:02:04, Serial1/0
O 33.33.33.0/29 is a summary, 00:02:04, Null0
O 12.12.12.0 [110/74] via 23.23.23.2, 00:02:06, Serial1/0
R3#
Jika ingin menghapus Null0 gunakan perintah dibawah.
R3(config-router)#no discard-route internal

O 1.1.1.1 [110/75] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:09, Serial1/0
O 2.2.2.2 [110/65] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:09, Serial1/0
O 12.12.12.0 [110/74] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:11, Serial1/0
R3(config-router)#
Dan Null0 sudah tiada.
Masih menggunakan lab sebelumnya.
R3(config)#no router ospf 3

*Mar 1 00:01:06.811: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 3, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/0
from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3
R3(config-router)#network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 0
R3(config-router)#network 23.23.23.3 0.0.0.0 area 0 e
R3(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 3 subnets
R1#sh ip route

R1#
Konfigurasi external route summary di R3.
R3(config-router)#summary-address 33.33.33.0 255.255.255.248
Cek lagi tabel routing R1.
R1#sh ip route

R1#
Masih menggunakan lab sebelumnya. Buat 1 ip loopback di R3 dan tidak usah

diadvertise.
R3(config)#int lo11
R3(config-if)#ip add 113.113.113.113 255.255.255.255
Untuk mengakses loopback 113.113.113.113 yang tidak diadvertise, maka gunakan
default route.
R3(config-router)#default-information originate always
R1#sh ip route
route

O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:09, FastEthernet0/0
R1#ping 113.113.113.113
R1#sh ip route
route

O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:09, FastEthernet0/0
R1#ping 113.113.113.113

!!!!!
R1#

!!!!!
R1#
Default route sudah muncul.
Ada 2 authentication dalam ospf.
1. Clear Text Authentication
2. MD5 Authentication
Konfigurasi Clear Text Authentication antara R1 dan R2.
R1(config)#int f0/0
R1(config-if)#ip ospf authentication
R1(config-if)#ip ospf authentication-key CISCO123
R2(config)#int f0/0
R2(config-if)#ip ospf authentication
R2(config-if)#ip ospf authentication-key CISCO123
R1(config-if)#do sh ip ospf int f0/0

FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 12.12.12.1/24, Area 0
Process ID 1, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 10
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State BDR, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) 2.2.2.2, Interface address 12.12.12.2
Backup Designated router (ID) 1.1.1.1, Interface address 12.12.12.1
oob-resync timeout 40
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Cisco NSF helper support enabled
IETF NSF helper support enabled
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2 (Designated Router)
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Simple password authentication enabled
R1(config-if)#
Konfigurasi MD5 Authentication antara R2 dan R3.

R2(config-if)#ip ospf authentication message-digest
R2(config-if)#ip ospf message-digest-key 13 md5 CISCO123
R3(config)#int s1/0
R3(config-if)#ip ospf authentication message-digest
R3(config-if)#ip ospf message-digest-key 13 md5 CISCO123
R3(config-if)#do sh ip ospf int s1/0
Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 23.23.23.3/24, Area 0
Process ID 3, Router ID 3.3.3.3, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT
oob-resync timeout 40
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Cisco NSF helper support enabled
IETF NSF helper support enabled
Index 2/2, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Message digest authentication enabled
Youngest key id is 13
R3(config-if)#
R1(config-if)#interface FastEthernet0/0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#interface Serial1/0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#no sh
R3(config-if)#no sh
R3(config-if)#interface Serial1/0
R3(config-if)#no sh
Cek jalurnya ternyata melalui R2.


1 12.12.12.2 208 msec 4 msec 8 msec

2 23.23.23.3 276 msec 80 msec 216 msec
Known via "ospf 1", distance 110, metric 21, type intra area
R1#
Karena ospf menggunakan bandwidth maka jalur yang lebih dipilih adalah yang
melalui FastEthernet. FastEthernet mempunyai metric 10 didapat dari
100.000.000:10.000.000(bandwidth terendah 10Mbps).
Tertulis metric nya 21 didapat dari metric FastEthernet R1-R2 dan R2-R3 masing-
masing 10 dan loopback R3 1 sehingga totalnya 21.
Coba shutdown FastEthernet pada R2.
R2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
R2(config-if)#shutdown

R1#
Maka jalurnya berpindah ke serial. Serial mempunyai metric 64 didapat dari
100.000.000:1.544.000(pembulatan bandwidth serial).
Metric 65 didapat dari link serial R1-R3 yaitu 64 dan loopback R3 1 totalnya 65.
Hidupkan lagi FastEthernet dan pastikan jalur kembali seperti semula.

R2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R1#
Untuk memindahkan jalur ke Serial, ubah parameter bandwidth FastEthernet.
R1(config)#int fastEthernet0/0
R1#
Maka jalur berpindah ke Serial.
OSPF · PART 1 packetlife.net
Protocol Header Attributes
8 16 24 32 Type Link-State
Version Type Length Algorithm Dijkstra
Router ID Metric Cost (Bandwidth)
Area ID AD 110
Checksum Instance ID Reserved Standard RFC 2328, 2740
Data Protocols IP
Transport IP/89
Link State Advertisements
Authentication Plaintext, MD5
Router Link (Type 1)
Lists neighboring routers and the cost to each; flooded within an area AllSPF Address 224.0.0.5
Network Link (Type 2) AllDR Address 224.0.0.6

Generated by a DR; lists all routers on an adjacent segment; flooded
Metric Formula
within an area
Network Summary (Type 3) 100,000 Kbps*
cost =
Generated by an ABR and advertised among areas link speed
ASBR Summary (Type 4)
* modifiable with
Injected by an ABR into the backbone to advertise the presence of an
ospf auto-cost reference-bandwidth
ASBR within an area
External Link (Type 5) Adjacency States
Generated by an ASBR and flooded throughout the AS to advertise a
route external to OSPF 1 Down 5 Exstart
NSSA External Link (Type 7) 2 Attempt 6 Exchange

Generated by an ASBR in a not-so-stubby area; converted into a 3 Init 7 Loading
type 5 LSA by the ABR when leaving the area
4 2-Way 8 Full
Router Types Area Types
DR/BDR Election
Internal Router Standard Area
All interfaces reside within the Default OSPF area type · The DR serves as a common point for
same area all adjacencies on a multiaccess
Stub Area segment
Backbone Router External link (type 5) LSAs are
A router with an interface in replaced with a default route · The BDR also maintains adjacencies
area 0 (the backbone) with all routers in case the DR fails
Totally Stubby Area
Area Border Router (ABR) Type 3, 4, and 5 LSAs are · Election does not occur on point-to-
Connects two or more areas replaced with a default route point or multipoint links
AS Boundary Router (ASBR) Not So Stubby Area (NSSA)
· Default priority (0-255) is 1; highest
Connects to additional routing A stub area containing an ASBR;
priority wins; 0 cannot be elected
domains; typically located in type 5 LSAs are converted to type
the backbone 7 within the area · DR preemption will not occur unless
the current DR is reset
External Route Types
E1 · Cost to the advertising ASBR plus the external cost of the route Virtual Links
E2 (Default) · Cost of the route as seen by the ASBR · Tunnel formed to join two areas
across an intermediate
Troubleshooting
· Both end routers must share a
show ip [route | protocols] show ip ospf border-routers common area
show ip ospf interface show ip ospf virtual-links · At least one end must reside in area 0
show ip ospf neighbor debug ip ospf […] · Cannot traverse stub areas

OSPF · PART 2 packetlife.net
Network Types
Nonbroadcast Multipoint Multipoint
(NBMA) Broadcast Nonbroadcast Broadcast Point-to-Point
DR/BDR Elected Yes No No Yes No

Neighbor Discovery No Yes No Yes Yes
Hello/Dead Timers 30/120 30/120 30/120 10/40 10/40
Defined By RFC 2328 RFC 2328 Cisco Cisco Cisco
Supported Topology Full Mesh Any Any Full Mesh Point-to-Point
Configuration Example
interface Serial0/0 Router A

WAN Area 0 Area 9 description WAN Link
172.16.0.0/18 Backbone Totally Stubby Area ip address 172.16.34.2 255.255.255.252
!
description Area 0
ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
A !
interface Loopback0
! Used as router ID
ip address 10.0.34.1 255.255.255.0
C !
B
router ospf 100
! Advertising the WAN cloud to OSPF
redistribute static subnets
network 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
Area 1 Area 2 ! Static route to the WAN cloud
Stub Area Standard Area ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.192.0 172.16.34.1
Router B Router C
interface Ethernet0/0 interface Ethernet0/0
description Area 0 description Area 9
ip address 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.0 ip address 192.168.9.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 100 area 0 ip ospf 100 area 9
! !
interface Ethernet0/1 interface Ethernet0/1
description Area 2 description Area 2
ip ospf 100 area 2 ip ospf 100 area 2
! Optional MD5 authentication configured ! Optional MD5 authentication configured
ip ospf authentication message-digest ip ospf authentication message-digest
ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 FooBar ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 FooBar
! Give B priority in DR election ! Give C second priority (BDR) in election
ip ospf priority 100 ip ospf priority 50
! !
interface Ethernet0/2 !
description Area 1 !
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 !
ip ospf 100 area 1 !
! !
interface Loopback0 interface Loopback0
! !
router ospf 100 router ospf 100
! Define area 1 as a stub area ! Define area 9 as a totally stubby area
area 1 stub area 9 stub no-summary
! Virtual link from area 0 to area 9 ! Virtual link from area 9 to area 0
area 2 virtual-link 10.0.34.3 area 2 virtual-link 10.0.34.2

BGP - iBGP Configuration
BGP - iBGP Update via Loopback
BGP – eBGP Configuration
BGP – Next Hop Self
BGP – Authentication
BGP Route Reflector
BGP Attribute - Origin
BGP Attribute - Community
BGP Attribute - Community Local-AS and Configuring Confederation
BGP Aggregator
BGP Attribute - Weight
BGP Dualhoming – Load Balance
BGP Dualhoming – Set Weight
BGP Dualhoming – Set MED
BGP Dualhoming – Set AS Path
BGP Multihoming – Equal Load Balance
BGP Multihoming – Unequal Load Balance
Border Router Gateway (BGP) adalah protocol yang membentuk jaringan internet.
BGP termasuk Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) atau bisa dikatakan satu-satunya
protocol EGP. EGP menghubungkan Autonomous System (AS) yang satu dengan
yang lain. Autonomous System sendiri adalah kumpulan router yang berada
dibawah satu administrative domain.
BGP menggunakan TCP port 179 untuk transport protocol. Agar 2 router BGP saling
peer atau saling menjadi neighbor, harus dibangun TCP connection terlebih
dahulu, setelah itu baru dapat dilakukan pertukaran informasi routing BGP antara
2 router.
BGP menentukan route berdasarkan kebijakan AS yang dilewati (Policy Based).
Berbeda dengan protocol IGP yang menentukan route berdasarkan shortest path.
Setiap router BGP mempunyai Router ID, IP loopback tertinggi akan menjadi
router ID, jika tidak ada loopback maka akan dipilih IP interface tertinggi.
Ketika BGP berjalan didalam router-router dalam 1 AS, disebut iBGP. BGP yang
berjalan antar AS disebut eBGP. eBGP harus direct connected antara 2 router,
namun iBGP tidak harus direct connected selama ada IGP baik itu EIGRP, OSPF,
atau static routing yang berjalan dan menjadikan 2 router BGP tadi reachable satu
sama lain.
iBGP juga digunakan ketika suatu AS menjadi transit AS menuju AS lain.

Pertanyaannya, Kenapa tidak menggunakan IGP saja? RIP, EIGRP atau OSPF lalu
diredistribute? Hal ini karena iBGP lebih efisien dan fleksibel untuk pertukaran
routing information dalam suatu AS.
iBGP memberikan kebebasan untuk menentukan pintu keluar atau exit point
suatu route dengan kesediaan attribute yang banyak. Alasan lainnya, banyak
prefix akan memenuhi tabel routing jika dilakukan redistribute IGB dan BGP.
Bayangkan saja, ada berapa ribu prefix di internet?
iBGP harus full mesh atau route reflector.
Ketika interface yang dijadikan source update down, maka adjency BGP juga ajan
down. Karena physical interface bisa down kapan saja, maka digunakan source
update via loopback karena interface loopback tidak akan down. Umumnya
digunakan dalam iBGP.
Dalam BGP, route map digunakan untuk mengontrol dan memodifikasi informasi
routing untuk incoming routes dan outcoming routes.
Attribute dalam BGP juga sering disebut path attribute. Ada beberapa jenis
attribute dalam BGP:
WELL KNOWN = ada pada setiap BGP
- Mandatory = ter-include pada setiap route BGP, jika attribute ini tidak ada akan
muncul error message. Harus disertakan dalam setiap update.
 AS Path
 Origin
 Next Hop
- Discreationay = setiap BGP … namun tidak tampil pada setiap route entry.
 local preference
 Atomic Aggregate
OPTIONAL
- Transitive
 Community
 Aggregator
- Non-Transitive
 Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
Ketika packet update route dikirim melewati suatu AS, maka AS Number tersebut
akan ditambahkan ke dalam packet update. Jadi AS Path adalah urutan AS Number
yang dilewati suatu route untuk sampai ke destination. Karena hal ini juga, BGP
disebut juga path-vector protocol.
AS Path digunakan untuk loop detection.
Origin mendefinisikan asal dari suatu path information. Ada 3 value dari origin
attribute.
 IGP (i) = berasal dari BGP baik iBGP atau eBGP dengan perintah network x.x.x.x
mask x.x.x.x
 EGP (e) = berasal dari protocol EGP, saat ini sudah tidak ada.
 INCOMPLETE (?) = berasal dari protocol lain(RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, Static) yang
diredistribute ke BGP.
• Step 1: Prefer highest weight (local to router)

• Step 2: Prefer highest local preference (global within AS)
• Step 3: Prefer route originated by the local router
• Step 4: Prefer shortest AS path
• Step 5: Prefer lowest origin code (IGP < EGP < incomplete)
• Step 6: Prefer lowest MED (from other AS)
• Step 7: Prefer EBGP path over IBGP path
• Step 8: Prefer the path through the closest IGP neighbor
• Step 9: Prefer oldest route for EBGP paths
• Step 10: Prefer the path with the lowest neighbor BGP router ID
Ketikkan konfigurasi interface berikut.
R1(config-if)#ip add 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#ip add 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#ip add 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R3(config-if)#ip add 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no sh
R3(config-if)#ip add 34.34.34.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no sh
R3(config-router)#passive-interface fa0/0
R4(config-if)#ip add 34.34.34.4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no sh
Oke pastikan R1 dapat mengeping R3.


!!!!!
R1(config-router)#
Konfigurasi iBGP antara R1 dengan R3 terlebih dahulu.
R1(config)#router bgp 10
R1(config-router)#neighbor 23.23.23.3 remote-as 10
Cek show ip bgp summary pastikan sudah neighbornya sudah ada.
R1(config-router)#do sh ip bgp sum

BGP router identifier 12.12.12.1, local AS number 10
BGP table version is 1, main routing table version 1
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down

State/PfxRcd
23.23.23.3 4 10 6 6 1 0 0 00:03:24 0
R1(config-router)#


State/PfxRcd
12.12.12.1 4 10 6 6 1 0 0 00:03:43 0
R3(config-router)#
Oke sekarang buat interface loopback yang akan di advertise ke iBGP.
R1(config-router)#int lo11
R1(config-if)#ip add 11.11.11.11 255.255.255.255
R1(config-if)#router bgp 10
R1(config-router)#network 11.11.11.11 mask 255.255.255.255
Sekarang cek di R3, pastikan State/PfxRcd sudah tidak 0 lagi.
1 network entries using 120 bytes of memory
1 path entries using 52 bytes of memory
2/1 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 248 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
BGP using 420 total bytes of memory
BGP activity 1/0 prefixes, 1/0 paths, scan interval 60 secs
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd

12.12.12.1 4 10 10 9 3 0 0 00:06:07 1
Cek network yang diadvertise.

R3(config-router)#do sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 3, local router ID is 34.34.34.3
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i -
internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
r>i11.11.11.11/32 12.12.12.1 0 100 0 i
Cek ping dan sukses.

!!!!!
R3(config-router)#
Interface fisik bisa down sewaktu-waktu sehingga adjency BGP juga bisa drop.
Karena itu adjency BGP dilakukan melalui loopback.
Buat dulu interface loopback nya.
R1(config)#int lo0
R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
R3(config)#int lo0
R3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
Sekarang konfigurasikan loopback sebagai neighbor.
Oke sekarang cek neighbor BGP nya.
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd

1.1.1.1 4 10 0 0 0 0 0 never Active
12.12.12.1 4 10 8 7 3 0 0 00:04:20 1
Ups... ternyata adjency melalui loopback belum berhasil, walau state sudah active
tapi PfxRcd masih belum ada. Tambahkan perintah berikut.
R3(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.1 update-source loopback0
*Mar 1 00:06:33.639: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 1.1.1.1 Up

Oke cek lagi.

State/PfxRcd
1.1.1.1 4 10 11 10 3 0 0 00:06:02 1
12.12.12.1 4 10 15 14 3 0 0 00:11:08 1
R3(config-router)#
Sip... sudah berubah. Hapus dulu adjency 12.12.12.1 dan 23.23.23.3.

R3(config-router)#no neighbor 12.12.12.1
*Mar 1 00:14:47.347: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 12.12.12.1 Down Neighbor
deleted
R1(config-router)#
*Mar 1 00:14:33.951: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 23.23.23.3 Down Peer closed
the session
R1(config-router)#no neighbor 23.23.23.3
Oke cek lagi dan neighbor nya hanya ada 1.
State/PfxRcd
1.1.1.1 4 10 14 13 4 0 0 00:09:13 1
R3(config-router)#
Dan yang terakhir, tes ping.


!!!!!
R3(config-router)#
Siipp... berhasil.
Konfigurasi eBGP pada R3 dan R4.

Cek neighbor.
State/PfxRcd
34.34.34.3 4 10 5 4 2 0 0 00:00:02 1
R4(config-router)#

State/PfxRcd
1.1.1.1 4 10 7 6 3 0 0 00:03:49 1
34.34.34.4 4 20 6 7 3 0 0 00:02:06 0
Oke sekarang cek tabek bgp dan tes ping.
R4#sh ip bgp
internal,

*> 11.11.11.11/32 34.34.34.3 0 10 i

!!!!!
R4(config-router)#
Berhasil. Path menunjukkan bahwa network 11.11.11.11 diadvertise ke dalam
iBGP (ditandai dengan i) dari AS 10.
Oke fix.
Oke lanjutan lab sebelumnya. Buatlah interface loopback di R4 dan advertise ke

BGP 20.
R4(config)#int lo44
Loopback44, changed state to up
R4(config-if)#ip add 44.44.44.44 255.255.255.255
internal,
*> 11.11.11.11/32 34.34.34.3 0 10 i
*> 44.44.44.44/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
R4(config-router)#
Sekarang coba ping dari R3.
R3#ping 44.44.44.44

!!!!!
Succes
Klo dari R1?

UUUUU
R1#sh ip route

B 44.44.44.44 [200/0] via 34.34.34.4, 00:04:24
R1#
Upsss... unreachable. Padahal network 44.44.44.44 sudah ada di tabel routing.
Coba di traceroute dulu ah.

1 12.12.12.2 76 msec 80 msec 44 msec

2 12.12.12.2 !H !H !H
R1#
Ternyata berhenti di R2. Lalu bagaimana solusinya? Cek tabel routing pada R4.
R4#sh ip ro
route

B 23.23.23.0 [20/0] via 34.34.34.3, 00:01:22
B 11.11.11.11 [20/0] via 34.34.34.3, 00:02:38
R4#
Ternyata hanya ada IP 11.11.11.11 yang dikenali. Gunakan IP tersebut sebagai
source.
R1#ping
Protocol [ip]:
Target IP address: 44.44.44.44
Repeat count [5]:
Datagram size [100]:
Timeout in seconds [2]:
Extended commands [n]: y
Source address or interface: 11.11.11.11
Type of service [0]:
Set DF bit in IP header? [no]:
Validate reply data? [no]:
Data pattern [0xABCD]:
Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]:
Sweep range of sizes [n]:
Packet sent with a source address of 11.11.11.11
UUUUU
R1#
Upss... ternyata masih belum bisa. Disitu kadang saya merasa sedih...
Caranya... angkat R2 menjadi iBGP juga. Syarat iBGP adalah full mesh atau bisa
juga route reflector. Klo full mesh berarti setiap router harus punya satu link ke
setiap router lain.
R2(config)#int lo0
R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
R2(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.1 up lo0
R3(config-router)#neighbor 2.2.2.2 remot 10
Oke cek lagi.
R1#ping
Protocol [ip]:
Target IP address: 44.44.44.44
Repeat count [5]:
Datagram size [100]:
Timeout in seconds [2]:
Extended commands [n]: y
Source address or interface: 11.11.11.11
Type of service [0]:
Set DF bit in IP header? [no]:
Validate reply data? [no]:
Data pattern [0xABCD]:
Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]:
Sweep range of sizes [n]:
Packet sent with a source address of 11.11.11.11
!!!!!
R1#
Hal ini dikarenakan secara default source yang dipakai untuk ping adalah
interface phisicalnya. Jadi tinggal advertise network interfacenya ke dalam BGP.

!!!!!
R1(config-router)#
Oke sekarang coba ping 44.44.44.44 dari R2.
R2#ping 44.44.44.44

.....
R2#tra

1 23.23.23.3 72 msec 72 msec 68 msec

2 * * *
3
R2#
Gagal ya? Trace nya berakhir di R3. Klo begitu advertise network 23.23.23.0 pada
R3 ke BGP.
R3(config-router)#net 23.23.23.0 mask 255.255.255.0
R2#ping 44.44.44.44

!!!!!
R2#
Good Job...
Masih pake topologi sebelumnya cuma tambahin R5 disebelah kiri.

R1(config-if)#ip add 15.15.15.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-router)#nei 15.15.15.5 remot 5
R5(config-if)#ip add 15.15.15.5 255.255.255.0
R5(config-if)#no sh
internal,
*> 11.11.11.11/32 15.15.15.1 0 0 10 i
*> 12.12.12.0/24 15.15.15.1 0 0 10 i
*> 44.44.44.44/32 15.15.15.1 0 10 20 i
R5(config-router)#
Sekarang ping dan trace ke R4 pada AS 20.

R5#ping 44.44.44.44

.....
R5#trac 44.44.44.44

1 15.15.15.1 92 msec 76 msec 92 msec

2 12.12.12.2 [AS 10] 96 msec 60 msec 60 msec
3 23.23.23.3 152 msec 156 msec 88 msec
4
R5#
Ups gagal... solusinya R5 harus mengadvertise source network nya.
R5#ping 44.44.44.44

!!!!!
R5#
Sekarang kita lakukan sedikit percobaan. Hapus bgp 10 pada R2. Sebelumnya copy
dulu konfigurasi BGP nya ke notepad.
R2#sh run | s r b
router bgp 10
no synchronization
bgp log-neighbor-changes
neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 10
neighbor 1.1.1.1 update-source Loopback0
no auto-summary
R2(config)#no router bgp 10

*Mar 1 00:10:49.335: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 1.1.1.1 Down BGP protocol
initialization
*Mar 1 00:10:49.335: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 3.3.3.3 Down BGP protocol
initialization
Cek ping R5 ke R4.
R5#ping 44.44.44.44

UUUUU
R5#
Sekarang balikin lagi konfigurasi BGP 10 ke R2 dan cek lagi.
R5#ping 44.44.44.44

!!!!!
R5#
Oke sip. Kesimpulannya? ... Tulis sendiri ya.
Lanjutin lab 4 yang lebih simpel dan enteng.

R2#sh ip route

B 44.44.44.44 [200/0] via 34.34.34.4, 00:01:06
R2#sh ip bgp
internal,

r>i11.11.11.11/32 1.1.1.1 0 100 0 i
r>i12.12.12.0/24 1.1.1.1 0 100 0 i
r>i23.23.23.0/24 3.3.3.3 0 100 0 i
*>i44.44.44.44/32 34.34.34.4 0 100 0 20 i
R2#
Ketika default network ospf R3 dihapus, maka route nya hilang.

R3(config-router)#no network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

R2#sh ip bgp
internal,

r>i11.11.11.11/32 1.1.1.1 0 100 0 i
r>i12.12.12.0/24 1.1.1.1 0 100 0 i
* i23.23.23.0/24 3.3.3.3 0 100 0 i
* i44.44.44.44/32 34.34.34.4 0 100 0 20 i
R2#
iBGP tidak memilih next-hop nya sendiri, dalam hal ini dia numpang sama OSPF.
Karena OSPF dihapus, maka route BGP tidak muncul dalam tabel routing. Namun,
kita bisa mengkonfigurasi next-hop secara manual pada iBGP.
R2(config-router)#router bgp 10
R3(config-router)#neighbor 23.23.23.2 next-hop-self
Sekarang cek lagi.
R2#sh ip bgp sum
1 BGP AS-PATH entries using 24 bytes of memory

State/PfxRcd
1.1.1.1 4 10 18 16 13 0 0 00:13:04 2
3.3.3.3 4 10 10 12 0 0 0 00:06:10 Active
23.23.23.3 4 10 8 6 13 0 0 00:02:33 2
R2#sh ip bgp
internal,

r>i11.11.11.11/32 1.1.1.1 0 100 0 i
r>i12.12.12.0/24 1.1.1.1 0 100 0 i
r>i23.23.23.0/24 23.23.23.3 0 100 0 i
*>i44.44.44.44/32 23.23.23.3 0 100 0 20 i
R2#sh ip route
route

B 44.44.44.44 [200/0] via 23.23.23.3, 00:02:49
R2#ping 44.44.44.44

!!!!!
R2#
Sip dah.
R2(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.1 password ?
<0-7> Encryption type (0 to disable encryption, 7 for proprietary)
R2(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.1 password 0 HAHAHA
R1(config-router)#neighbor 2.2.2.2 password 0 HAHAHA
*Mar 1 00:05:09.383: %BGP-3-NOTIFICATION: received from neighbor 2.2.2.2
4/0 (hold time expired) 0 bytes
R1(config)#
*Mar 1 00:05:09.383: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 2.2.2.2 Down BGP
Notification received
Oke selesai. Gampangkan.
Balik lagi ke topologi lab 5. Pada iBGP, peers nya harus full mesh. Masalah terjadi
ketika ada router baru yang tersambung. Artinya harus dikonfigurasi peer yang
baru satu per satu.
Solusinya adalah menjadikan salah saru router menjadi Route Reflector(RR)
sehingga hanya RR yang full mesh ke semua router sedang router lain hanya perlu
peer ke RR.
Yang mau kita konfigurasi adalah iBGP AS 10. R1 akan kita jadikan RR.
R1#sh run | s r b
router bgp 10
no synchronization
bgp log-neighbor-changes
network 11.11.11.11 mask 255.255.255.255
network 12.12.12.0 mask 255.255.255.0
no auto-summary
R1#
Karena sudah dikonfigurasi sebelumnya, tinggal mengeset route-reflector-client
aja.
R1(config-router)#neighbor 2.2.2.2 route-reflector-client
*Mar 1 00:11:20.291: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 2.2.2.2 Down RR client
config change
*Mar 1 00:11:30.891: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 3.3.3.3 Down RR client
config change
Sekarang hapus peer pada R2 dan R3 yang tidak mengarah ke R1.
R2(config-router)#no neighbor 3.3.3.3 remot 10
R3(config-router)#no neighbor 2.2.2.2 remot 10
Untuk pengecekan, buat interface loopback dan advertise ke iBGP.
R2(config)#int lo22
R2(config-if)#ip add 22.22.22.22 255.255.255.255
Pastikan R1 dan R3 bisa ping.
R1#ping 22.22.22.22

!!!!!
R1#
R3#ping 22.22.22.22

!!!!!
R3#
Dan ketika dicek, peer atau networknya hanya ada satu.

R2#sh ip bgp sum
1 BGP rrinfo entries using 24 bytes of memory
Bitfield cache entries: current 1 (at peak 1) using 32 bytes of memory

State/PfxRcd
1.1.1.1 4 10 35 28 19 0 0 00:10:28 4
R2#
Oke fix.
Buat interface loopback untuk diredistribute ke BGP.
R2(config)#int lo222
R2(config-if)#ip add 222.222.222.222 255.255.255.255
R2(config-router)#redistribute rip
R5#sh ip bgp
internal,

*> 11.11.11.11/32 15.15.15.1 0 0 10 i
*> 12.12.12.0/24 15.15.15.1 0 0 10 i
*> 15.15.15.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 22.22.22.22/32 15.15.15.1 0 10 i
*> 23.23.23.0/24 15.15.15.1 0 10 i
*> 44.44.44.44/32 15.15.15.1 0 10 20 i
*> 222.222.222.222/32 15.15.15.1 0 10 ?
R5#ping 222.222.222.222

!!!!!
R5#
Pada path ada beberapa keterangan origin code:
i = berasal dari BGP baik iBGP atau eBGP dengan perintah network x.x.x.x mask
x.x.x.x
e = berasal dari protocol EGP, saat ini sudah tidak ada.
? = berasal dari protocol lain(RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, Static) yang diredistribute ke BGP.
R5 menuju 222.222.222.222/32 melalui 15.15.15.1 dengan path 10 ?. Artinya Next
AS Path nya adalah 200 dengan origin code adalah ? artinya terjadi melalui
redistribute protocol lain ke BGP.
R1(config)#int lo0
R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
R1(config-if)#ip add 11.11.11.11 255.255.255.255
R1(config-if)#ip add 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config)#int lo0
R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
R2(config-if)#ip add 22.22.22.22 255.255.255.255
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#ip add 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#ip add 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#ip add 24.24.24.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R3(config)#int lo0
R3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
R3(config-if)#ip add 33.33.33.33 255.255.255.255
R3(config-if)#no sh
R3(config-if)#ip add 23.23.23.
R3(config-if)#ip add 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#ip add 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
R4(config-if)#ip add 24.24.24.24 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no sh
Konfigurasi BGP. R1 sebagai RR.

R2(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.1 update-source loopback 0
R2(config-router)#neighbor 3.3.3.3 update-source loopback 0

Sekarang cek bgp route di R1 dan R4.
R1#sh ip bgp
internal,

* i4.4.4.4/32 24.24.24.4 0 100 0 4 i
*> 11.11.11.11/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*>i22.22.22.22/32 2.2.2.2 0 100 0 i
*>i33.33.33.33/32 3.3.3.3 0 100 0 i
R1#
R4#sh ip bgp
internal,

*> 4.4.4.4/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 11.11.11.11/32 24.24.24.2 0 123 i
*> 22.22.22.22/32 24.24.24.2 0 0 123 i
*> 33.33.33.33/32 24.24.24.2 0 123 i
R4#
Ada beberapa set-community dalam BGP:

no-export = network tidak diadvertise ke eBGP.
no-advertise = network tidak diadvertise ke iBGP/eBGP.
local-as = network hanya diadvertise ke iBGP Confederation(ada AS didalam AS).
Set comunity no-export di R1.

R1(config)#access-list 10 permit host 11.11.11.11
R1(config)#route-map NO-EXPORT
R1(config-route-map)#match ip address ?
<1-199> IP access-list number
<1300-2699> IP access-list number (expanded range)
WORD IP access-list name
prefix-list Match entries of prefix-lists
<cr>
R1(config-route-map)#match ip address 10
R1(config-route-map)#set community ?
<1-4294967295> community number
aa:nn community number in aa:nn format
additive Add to the existing community
internet Internet (well-known community)
local-AS Do not send outside local AS (well-known community)
no-advertise Do not advertise to any peer (well-known community)
no-export Do not export to next AS (well-known community)
none No community attribute
<cr>
R1(config-route-map)#set community no-export

R1(config-route-map)#router bgp 123
R1(config-router)#neighbor 2.2.2.2 route-map NO-EXPORT out
R1(config-router)#neighbor 2.2.2.2 send-community
Cek bgp di R4 pastikan network 11.11.11.11 tidak ada.

R4#sh ip bgp
internal,

*> 4.4.4.4/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 22.22.22.22/32 24.24.24.2 0 0 123 i
*> 33.33.33.33/32 24.24.24.2 0 123 i
R4#
R2#sh ip bgp 11.11.11.11

BGP routing table entry for 11.11.11.11/32, version 3
Paths: (1 available, best #1, table Default-IP-Routing-Table, not advertised
to EBGP peer)
Flag: 0x820
Advertised to update-groups:
2
Local, (Received from a RR-client)
1.1.1.1 (metric 11) from 1.1.1.1 (11.11.11.11)
Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best
Community: no-export
R2#
Set community no-advertise di R3.
R3(config)#route-map NO-ADVERTISE
R3(config-route-map)#set community no-advertise
R3(config-router)#neighbor 2.2.2.2 route-map NO-ADVERTISE out
Cek di R1 dan R4 pastikan network 33.33.33.33 sudah tidak ada.
R1#sh ip bgp
internal,

* i4.4.4.4/32 24.24.24.4 0 100 0 4 i
*> 11.11.11.11/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*>i22.22.22.22/32 2.2.2.2 0 100 0 i
R1#
R4#sh ip bgp
internal,

*> 4.4.4.4/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 22.22.22.22/32 24.24.24.2 0 0 123 i
R4#
R2#sh ip bgp 33.33.33.33

to any peer)
Flag: 0x820
Not advertised to any peer
Local, (Received from a RR-client)
3.3.3.3 (metric 11) from 3.3.3.3 (33.33.33.33)
Community: no-advertise
R2#
Oke sip.
Oke konfigurasi BGP Confederation, sebelumnya hapus dulu BGP 123.

R1(config-router)# bgp confederation identifier 123
R1(config-router)# bgp confederation peers 23
R1(config-router)# network 11.11.11.11 mask 255.255.255.255
R1(config-router)# neighbor 12.12.12.2 remote-as 23

R2(config-router)# bgp confederation peers 1
R2(config-router)# neighbor 12.12.12.1 next-hop-self

Oke cek dulu.
Bitfield cache entries: current 4 (at peak 4) using 128 bytes of memory

State/PfxRcd
12.12.12.1 4 1 6 8 5 0 0 00:02:13 1
23.23.23.3 4 23 6 8 5 0 0 00:02:03 1
24.24.24.4 4 4 7 9 5 0 0 00:02:08 1
internal,

*> 4.4.4.4/32 24.24.24.4 0 0 4 i
*> 11.11.11.11/32 12.12.12.1 0 100 0 (1) i
*> 22.22.22.22/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*>i33.33.33.33/32 23.23.23.3 0 100 0 i
R2(config-router)#
internal,

*> 4.4.4.4/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
*> 11.11.11.11/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 22.22.22.22/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) i
*> 33.33.33.33/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) i
R1(config-router)#
Sekarang set community local-as pada R3.

R3(config)#route-map LOCAL-AS
R3(config-route-map)#set community local-AS
R3(config-router)#neighbor 23.23.23.2 route-map LOCAL-AS out
Cek di R1 dan R2. Harusnya network 33.33.33.33 hanya diadvertise ke
Confederation iBGP(R2) saja.
R1#sh ip bgp
internal,

*> 4.4.4.4/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
*> 11.11.11.11/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 22.22.22.22/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) i
R1#
R2#sh ip bgp
internal,

*> 4.4.4.4/32 24.24.24.4 0 0 4 i
*> 11.11.11.11/32 12.12.12.1 0 100 0 (1) i
*> 22.22.22.22/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*>i33.33.33.33/32 23.23.23.3 0 100 0 i
R2#sh ip bgp 33.33.33.33
outside local AS)
Local
23.23.23.3 from 23.23.23.3 (33.33.33.33)
Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, confed-internal, best
Community: local-AS
R2#
Aggregator ini sama dengan summary.
R4(config)#int lo1
R4(config-if)#ip add 44.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
R4(config-if)#ip add 44.2.1.1 255.255.255.255
R4(config-if)#ip add 44.3.1.1 255.255.255.255
R4(config-if)#ip add 44.4.1.1 255.255.255.255
R4(config-if)#ip add 44.5.1.1 255.255.255.255
R4(config-if)#ip add 44.6.1.1 255.255.255.255
Advertise ke BGP.
Cek di R1.
R1#sh ip bgp
internal,

*> 4.4.4.4/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
*> 11.11.11.11/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 22.22.22.22/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) i
*> 44.1.1.1/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
*> 44.2.1.1/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
*> 44.3.1.1/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
*> 44.4.1.1/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
*> 44.5.1.1/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
*> 44.6.1.1/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
R1#
Lakukan aggregate di R4 lalu cek kembali di R1.

R4(config-router)#aggregate-address 44.0.0.0 255.248.0.0
R1#sh ip bgp
internal,

*> 4.4.4.4/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
*> 11.11.11.11/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 22.22.22.22/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) i
*> 44.0.0.0/13 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
*> 44.1.1.1/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
*> 44.2.1.1/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
*> 44.3.1.1/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
*> 44.4.1.1/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
*> 44.5.1.1/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
*> 44.6.1.1/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
R1#sh ip bgp 44.0.0.0
Paths: (1 available, best #1, table Default-IP-Routing-Table)
Flag: 0x820
(23) 4, (aggregated by 4 4.4.4.4)
12.12.12.2 from 12.12.12.2 (22.22.22.22)
Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, confed-external, atomic-
aggregate, best
R1#
Aggregate single route.

R4(config-router)#aggregate-address 44.0.0.0 255.248.0.0 summary-only
R1#sh ip bgp
internal,

*> 4.4.4.4/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
*> 11.11.11.11/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 22.22.22.22/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) i
*> 44.0.0.0/13 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
R1#
Aggregate suppress map.

R4(config)#access-list 1 deny any
R4(config)#route-map BLOK
R4(config-router)#aggregate-address 44.0.0.0 255.248.0.0 suppress-map BLOK
R4(config-router)#do sh bgp
internal,

*> 4.4.4.4/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 11.11.11.11/32 24.24.24.2 0 123 i
*> 22.22.22.22/32 24.24.24.2 0 0 123 i
*> 44.0.0.0/13 0.0.0.0 32768 i
s> 44.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
s> 44.2.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
s> 44.3.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 44.4.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 44.5.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 44.6.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
R4(config-router)#
Cek di R1.
R1#sh ip bgp
internal,

*> 4.4.4.4/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
*> 11.11.11.11/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 22.22.22.22/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) i
*> 44.0.0.0/13 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
*> 44.4.1.1/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
*> 44.5.1.1/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
*> 44.6.1.1/32 12.12.12.2 0 100 0 (23) 4 i
R1#
Oke sip.
R1(config-if)#ip add 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#ip add 15.15.15.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#ip add 13.13.13.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#ip add 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#ip add 24.24.24.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#ip add 26.26.26.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R3(config-if)#ip add 34.34.34.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no sh
R3(config-if)#ip add 13.13.13.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no sh
R4(config-if)#ip add 34.34.34.4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no sh
R4(config-if)#ip add 24.24.24.4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no sh
R5(config-if)#ip add 15.15.15.5 255.255.255.0
R5(config-if)#no sh
R6(config-if)#ip add 26.26.26.6 255.255.255.0
R6(config-if)#no sh
Konfigurasi BGP.
Default route pada R5 dan R6. Advertise dulu network R2 ke BGP.

internal,

*> 15.15.15.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
* i26.26.26.0/24 13.13.13.3 0 100 0 24 i
*> 12.12.12.2 0 100 24 i
R1(config-router)#do sh ip bgp 26.26.26.0
2
24
12.12.12.2 from 12.12.12.2 (26.26.26.2)
Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, external
24
13.13.13.3 from 13.13.13.3 (34.34.34.3)
R1(config-router)#
Ternyata ada 2 jalur menuju network 26.26.26.0, namun yang digunakan sekarang
adalah melalui 12.12.12.2. Sekarang masukkan default routing ke R5 dan R6.
R5(config-if)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 15.15.15.1
R6(config-if)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 26.26.26.2
Trace dari R5 ke R6.
R5#trace 26.26.26.6

1 15.15.15.1 68 msec 96 msec 68 msec

2 12.12.12.2 88 msec 76 msec 80 msec
3 26.26.26.6 200 msec 148 msec 56 msec
R5#
Sekarang kita belokkan jalurnya agar melalui 13.13.13.3 dengan konfigurasi
weight attribute.
R1(config)#route-map WEIGHT permit 10
R1(config-route-map)#set weight 100
R1(config-router)#neighbor 13.13.13.3 route-map WEIGHT in
R1(config-router)#do clear ip bgp *
Sekarang kita cek lagi.
R1(config-router)#do sh ip bgp 26.26.26.0
2
24
12.12.12.2 from 12.12.12.2 (26.26.26.2)
Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, external
24
13.13.13.3 from 13.13.13.3 (34.34.34.3)
Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, weight 100, valid, internal, best
R1(config-router)#
R5#trace 26.26.26.6

1 15.15.15.1 112 msec 72 msec 60 msec

2 13.13.13.3 140 msec 112 msec 88 msec
3 34.34.34.4 232 msec 172 msec 88 msec
4 24.24.24.2 112 msec 140 msec 156 msec
5 26.26.26.6 220 msec 240 msec 152 msec
R5#
Konfigurasi interface.
R1(config)#int s1/1
R1(config-if)#ip add 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#ip add 13.13.13.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R2(config)#int s1/1
R2(config-if)#ip add 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#ip add 24.24.24.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#ip add 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R3(config)#int s1/1
R3(config-if)#ip add 34.34.34.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no sh
R3(config-if)#ip add 13.13.13.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no sh
R3(config-if)#ip add 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no sh
R4(config)#int s1/1
R4(config-if)#ip add 34.34.34.4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no sh
R4(config-if)#ip add 24.24.24.4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no sh
Konfigurasi BGP.
Buat loopback di R1 dan R4 lalu advertise ke BGP..
R1(config)#int lo0
R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
R4(config)#int lo0
R4(config-if)#ip add 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
internal,

*> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 4.4.4.4/32 12.12.12.2 100 23 4 i
* 13.13.13.3 0 23 4 i
Walau ada 2 link, yang dipakai hanya 1, dilihat dari tanda “>” nya hanya satu.
Informasi diatas menunjukkan yang dipakai sebagai next hop ke 4.4.4.4 adalah
12.12.12.2.
Coba ping dari R1 ke R4.

.....
R1(config-router)#do trace 4.4.4.4

1 12.12.12.2 84 msec 60 msec 64 msec

2 * * *
3 *
R1(config)#
Ternyata gagal. Hal ini dikarenakan network belum diadvertise ke BGP.

Oke cek lagi.

!!!!!

1 12.12.12.2 52 msec 44 msec 32 msec

2 24.24.24.4 [AS 4] 96 msec 108 msec 64 msec
R1(config-router)#
Sekarang konfigurasikan agar load-balance.

R1(config-router)#maximum-paths 2
internal,

*> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 4.4.4.4/32 12.12.12.2 100 23 4 i
* 13.13.13.3 0 23 4 i
*> 12.12.12.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 13.13.13.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 24.24.24.0/24 12.12.12.2 100 23 4 i
* 13.13.13.3 0 23 4 i
*> 34.34.34.0/24 12.12.12.2 100 23 4 i
* 13.13.13.3 0 23 4 i

1 13.13.13.3 80 msec
12.12.12.2 64 msec
13.13.13.3 60 msec
2 24.24.24.4 [AS 4] 188 msec
34.34.34.4 [AS 4] 152 msec
24.24.24.4 [AS 4] 168 msec
R1(config-router)#
Walau pada show ip bgp tanda “>” hanya 1, tapi ketika dicek sudah load balance.
Oke sip.
Oke hapus dulu konfigurasi load balancenya.
R1(config-router)#no maximum-paths 2
Sekarang coba ping ke 4.4.4.4.
R1#sh ip bgp
internal,

*> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 4.4.4.4/32 12.12.12.2 0 23 4 i
* 13.13.13.3 0 23 4 i
*> 12.12.12.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 13.13.13.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
* 23.23.23.0/24 12.12.12.2 0 0 23 i
*> 13.13.13.3 0 0 23 i
* 24.24.24.0/24 12.12.12.2 0 23 4 i
*> 13.13.13.3 0 23 4 i
* 34.34.34.0/24 12.12.12.2 0 23 4 i
*> 13.13.13.3 0 23 4 i
R1#trace 4.4.4.4

1 12.12.12.2 40 msec 108 msec 60 msec

2 24.24.24.4 [AS 4] 88 msec 100 msec 96 msec
R1#
Untuk menuju 4.4.4.4, melewati 12.12.12.2. Sekarang coba matikan interface

12.12.12.1.
R1(config-if)#shutdown
*Mar 1 00:07:37.387: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 12.12.12.2 Down Interface
flap
R1(config-if)#do sh ip bgp
internal,

*> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 4.4.4.4/32 13.13.13.3 0 23 4 i
*> 13.13.13.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 23.23.23.0/24 13.13.13.3 0 0 23 i
*> 24.24.24.0/24 13.13.13.3 0 23 4 i
*> 34.34.34.0/24 13.13.13.3 0 23 4 i
R1(config-if)#
Maka sekarang akan untuk menuju 4.4.4.4 akan melewati 13.13.13.3. Coba
hidupkan interface nya lagi. Ternyata walau sudah dihidupkan, main link nya
tidak kembali ke 12.12.12.2 tapi tetap menggunakan 13.13.13.3.
R1(config-if)#no sh
internal,

*> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
* 4.4.4.4/32 12.12.12.2 0 23 4 i
*> 13.13.13.3 0 23 4 i
*> 12.12.12.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 13.13.13.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
* 23.23.23.0/24 12.12.12.2 0 0 23 i
*> 13.13.13.3 0 0 23 i
* 24.24.24.0/24 12.12.12.2 0 23 4 i
*> 13.13.13.3 0 23 4 i
* 34.34.34.0/24 12.12.12.2 0 23 4 i
*> 13.13.13.3 0 23 4 i
R1(config-if)#
Untuk mengatasinya, konfigurasikan attribute weight.

R1(config)#route-map WEIGHT
R1(config-route-map)#set ?
as-path Prepend string for a BGP AS-path attribute
automatic-tag Automatically compute TAG value
clns OSI summary address
comm-list set BGP community list (for deletion)
community BGP community attribute
dampening Set BGP route flap dampening parameters
default Set default information
extcommunity BGP extended community attribute
interface Output interface
ip IP specific information
ipv6 IPv6 specific information
level Where to import route
local-preference BGP local preference path attribute
metric Metric value for destination routing protocol
metric-type Type of metric for destination routing protocol
mpls-label Set MPLS label for prefix
origin BGP origin code
tag Tag value for destination routing protocol
traffic-index BGP traffic classification number for accounting
vrf Define VRF name
weight BGP weight for routing table
R1(config-route-map)#set weight 100

R1(config-router)#nei
R1(config-router)#neighbor 12.12.12.2 route-map WEIGHT in
internal,

* 4.4.4.4/32 13.13.13.3 0 23 4 i
*> 12.12.12.2 100 23 4 i
* 23.23.23.0/24 13.13.13.3 0 0 23 i
*> 12.12.12.2 0 100 23 i
* 24.24.24.0/24 13.13.13.3 0 23 4 i
*> 12.12.12.2 100 23 4 i
* 34.34.34.0/24 13.13.13.3 0 23 4 i
*> 12.12.12.2 100 23 4 i
R1(config-router)#
Sip dah. Klo gak percaya kita tes lagi.
R1(config-router)#int s1/1
R1(config-if)#sh
*Mar 1 00:15:25.867: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 12.12.12.2 Down Interface
flap
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:15:27.827: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial1/1, changed state to
administratively down
Serial1/1, changed state to down
internal,

*> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 4.4.4.4/32 13.13.13.3 0 23 4 i
*> 13.13.13.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 23.23.23.0/24 13.13.13.3 0 0 23 i
*> 24.24.24.0/24 13.13.13.3 0 23 4 i
*> 34.34.34.0/24 13.13.13.3 0 23 4 i
R1(config-if)#
Sekarang hidupin lagi. Tunggu agak lama baru cek show ip bgp.
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:15:52.047: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1/1, changed state to
up
R1(config-if)#
Serial1/1, changed state to up
internal,

*> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 4.4.4.4/32 12.12.12.2 100 23 4 i
* 13.13.13.3 0 23 4 i
*> 12.12.12.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 13.13.13.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 23.23.23.0/24 12.12.12.2 0 100 23 i
* 13.13.13.3 0 0 23 i
*> 24.24.24.0/24 12.12.12.2 100 23 4 i
* 13.13.13.3 0 23 4 i
*> 34.34.34.0/24 12.12.12.2 100 23 4 i
* 13.13.13.3 0 23 4 i
R1(config-if)#
Oke sip.
Selain mengatur traffic yang keluar dari R1, juga bisa mengatur traffic yang
menuju R1 salah satunya dengan MED atau metric.
R1(config)#ip access-list standard LAN
R1(config-std-nacl)#permit 1.1.1.1
R1(config-std-nacl)#route-map R2MED permit 10
R1(config-route-map)#match ip address LAN
R1(config-route-map)#set metric 110
R1(config-route-map)#route-map R3MED permit 10
R1(config-route-map)#match ip address LAN
R1(config-route-map)#set metric 100
R1(config-route-map)#
R1(config-router)#neighbor 12.12.12.2 route-map R2MED out
R1(config-router)#neighbor 13.13.13.3 route-map R3MED out
Cek di R2. Sekarang untuk menuju ke 1.1.1.1, akan dilewatkan 23.23.23.3 lalu ke
13.13.13.1 terlebih dahulu.
internal,

*>i1.1.1.1/32 23.23.23.3 100 100 0 1 i
* 12.12.12.1 110 0 1 i
* i4.4.4.4/32 23.23.23.3 0 100 0 4 i
*> 24.24.24.4 0 0 4 i
*> 23.23.23.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
* i 23.23.23.3 0 100 0 i
r i24.24.24.0/24 23.23.23.3 0 100 0 4 i
r> 24.24.24.4 0 0 4 i
* i34.34.34.0/24 23.23.23.3 0 100 0 4 i
*> 24.24.24.4 0 0 4 i

1 23.23.23.3 56 msec 100 msec 64 msec

2 13.13.13.1 112 msec 84 msec 72 msec
R2(config-router)#
Mengatur traffic yang menuju R1 selain menggunakan metric juga bisa
menggunakan AS Path. Hapus dulu MED nya.
R1(config-router)#no neighbor 12.12.12.2 route-map R2MED out
R1(config-router)#no neighbor 13.13.13.3 route-map R3MED out
Sekarang set as-path pada route-map.

R1(config)#route-map AS-PREPEND
R1(config-route-map)#set as-path prepend 1 1 1
R1(config-router)#neighbor 12.12.12.2 route-map AS-PREPEND out
Cek.

1 23.23.23.3 60 msec 96 msec 44 msec

2 13.13.13.1 [AS 1] 80 msec 92 msec 80 msec
R2#
Tujuannya agar dapat load balance melalui 2 AS atau 2 ISP.
Hapus AS 23 dan ubah menjadi masing-masing AS 2 dan AS 3. Hapus juga route-
map sebelumnya.
R1(config-router)#no neighbor 12.12.12.2 remote-as 23
R1(config-router)#no neighbor 12.12.12.2 route-map AS-PREPEND out


Konfigurasikan load balance pada R1.
R1#trace 4.4.4.4

1 12.12.12.2 104 msec 72 msec 48 msec

2 24.24.24.4 [AS 4] 140 msec 92 msec 64 msec
R1#
Ternyata walau sudah dikonfigurasi maximum-path, tetap saja belum load-
balance. Tambahkan konfigurasi dibawah.
R1(config-router)#bgp bestpath as-path multipath-relax
Oke tunggu bentar dan sekarang cek lagi.

1 13.13.13.3 116 msec

12.12.12.2 108 msec
13.13.13.3 88 msec
2 24.24.24.4 [AS 4] 204 msec
34.34.34.4 [AS 4] 44 msec
24.24.24.4 [AS 4] 92 msec
R1(config-router)#
Sip sudah load-balance.

R1#trace 4.4.4.4

1 12.12.12.2 104 msec 72 msec 48 msec

2 24.24.24.4 [AS 4] 140 msec 92 msec 64 msec
R1#
Permasalahan terjadi ketika link ke AS 4 melalui AS 2 dan AS 3 berbeda bandwidth.
R1(config)#int s1/0
R1(config-if)#do clear ip bgp *
internal,

*> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
* 4.4.4.4/32 13.13.13.3 0 3 4 i
*> 12.12.12.2 0 2 4 i
*> 12.12.12.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 13.13.13.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
* 24.24.24.0/24 13.13.13.3 0 3 4 i
*> 12.12.12.2 0 2 4 i
* 34.34.34.0/24 13.13.13.3 0 3 4 i
*> 12.12.12.2 0 2 4 i
R1(config-if)#do sh ip route 4.4.4.4

Known via "bgp 1", distance 20, metric 0
Tag 2, type external
Last update from 12.12.12.2 00:00:16 ago
* 13.13.13.3, from 13.13.13.3, 00:00:16 ago
AS Hops 2
Route tag 2
12.12.12.2, from 12.12.12.2, 00:00:16 ago
AS Hops 2
Route tag 2
R1(config-if)#
Maka akan didapati perbandingan bandwidthnya masih 1:1. Bagaimana jika

perbedaan bandwidthnya jauh?
R1(config-router)#bgp dmzlink-bw
R1(config-router)#neighbor 12.12.12.2 dmzlink-bw
R1(config-router)#neighbor 13.13.13.3 dmzlink-bw
Oke cek lagi.
R1(config-router)#do sh ip route 4.4.4.4
Known via "bgp 1", distance 20, metric 0
Tag 2, type external
Last update from 13.13.13.3 00:00:15 ago
13.13.13.3, from 13.13.13.3, 00:00:15 ago
AS Hops 2
Route tag 2
* 12.12.12.2, from 12.12.12.2, 00:00:15 ago
AS Hops 2
Route tag 2
R1(config-router)#
Oke sudah berhasil.
BGP · PART 1 packetlife.net
Attributes About BGP
Name Description Type Path Vector
Well-known Mandatory · Must be supported and propagated eBGP AD 20
1 Origin Origin type (IGP, EGP, or unknown) iBGP AD 200
List of autonomous systems which the Standard RFC 4271
2 AS Path
advertisement has traversed
Protocols IP
3 Next Hop External peer in neighboring AS
Transport TCP/179
Well-known Discretionary · Must be supported; propagation optional
Metric for internal neighbors to reach Authentication MD5
5 Local Preference
external destinations (default 100) Terminology
Includes ASes which have been dropped Autonomous System (AS)
6 Atomic Aggregate
due to route aggregation A logical domain under the control of a
Optional Transitive · Marked as partial if unsupported by neighbor single entity
7 Aggregator ID and AS of summarizing router External BGP (eBGP)

BGP adjacencies which span autonomous
8 Community Route tag system boundaries
Optional Nontransitive · Deleted if unsupported by neighbor Internal BGP (iBGP)
BGP adjacencies formed within a single AS
Multiple Exit Metric for external neighbors to reach the
4
Discriminator (MED) local AS (default 0) Synchronization Requirement
A route must be known by an IGP before
9 Originator ID The originator of a reflected route
it may be advertised to BGP peers
10 Cluster List List of cluster IDs
Packet Types
13 Cluster ID Originating cluster
Cisco proprietary, not communicated to Open Update
-- Weight
peers (default 0) Keepalive Notification
Path Selection Neighbor States

Attribute Description Preference Idle · Neighbor is not responding
1 Weight Administrative preference Highest Active · Attempting to connect
2 Communicated between peers Connect · TCP session established
Local Preference Highest
within an AS
Open Sent · Open message sent
3 Self-originated Prefer paths originated locally True
Open Confirm · Response received
4 AS Path Minimize AS hops Shortest
Established · Adjacency established
Prefer IGP-learned routes over
5 Origin IGP
EGP, and EGP over unknown Troubleshooting
6 MED Used externally to enter an AS Lowest show ip bgp [summary]
7 External Prefer eBGP routes over iBGP eBGP show ip bgp neighbors
8 IGP Cost Consider IGP metric Lowest show ip route [bgp]
9 eBGP Peering Favor more stable routes Oldest clear ip bgp * [soft]
10 Router ID Tie breaker Lowest debug ip bgp […]
Influencing Path Selection

Weight neighbor 172.16.0.1 weight 200 Local Preference bgp default local-preference 100
MED default-metric 400 Route Map neighbor 172.16.0.1 route-map Foo
Ignore Ignore Cost
bgp bestpath as-path ignore bgp bestpath cost-community ignore
AS Path Communities
by Jeremy Stretch v2.1-r1

BGP · PART 2 packetlife.net
Configuration Example
interface Serial1/0 Router A

AS 65100 description Backbone to B
ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.252
F2/0 !
A interface Serial1/1
S1/0 S1/1 description Backbone to C
ip address 172.16.0.5 255.255.255.252
!
172.16.0.0/30 interface FastEthernet2/0
172.16.0.4/30 description LAN
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
AS 65200 !
S1/0 S1/0 router bgp 65100
F0/0 F0/0 no synchronization
network 172.16.0.0 mask 255.255.255.252
10.0.0.0/30 network 172.16.0.4 mask 255.255.255.252
B C
network 192.168.1.0
F2/0 F2/0 neighbor South peer-group
neighbor South remote-as 65200
neighbor 172.16.0.2 peer-group South
OSPF neighbor 172.16.0.6 peer-group South
no auto-summary
interface FastEthernet0/0 Router B interface FastEthernet0/0 Router C

description Backbone to C description Backbone to B
! !
interface Serial1/0 interface Serial1/0
description Backbone to A description Backbone to A
! !
interface FastEthernet2/0 interface FastEthernet2/0
description LAN description LAN
! !
router ospf 100 router ospf 100
network 10.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 area 0 network 10.0.0.2 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 192.168.2.1 0.0.0.0 area 1 network 192.168.3.1 0.0.0.0 area 2
! !
router bgp 65200 router bgp 65200
no synchronization no synchronization
redistribute ospf 100 route-map LAN_Subnets redistribute ospf 100 route-map LAN_Subnets
neighbor 10.0.0.2 remote-as 65200 neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 65200
neighbor 172.16.0.1 remote-as 65100 neighbor 172.16.0.5 remote-as 65100
no auto-summary no auto-summary
! !
access-list 10 permit 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 access-list 10 permit 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255
! !
route-map LAN_Subnets permit 10 route-map LAN_Subnets permit 10
match ip address 10 match ip address 10
set metric 100 set metric 100
Router A Routing Table Router B Routing Table
172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets 172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets

C 172.16.0.4 is directly connected, S1/1 B 172.16.0.4 [20/0] via 172.16.0.1
C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, S1/0 C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, S1/0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, F2/0 10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 192.168.2.0/24 [20/100] via 172.16.0.2 C 10.0.0.0 is directly connected, F0/0
B 192.168.3.0/24 [20/100] via 172.16.0.2 B 192.168.1.0/24 [20/0] via 172.16.0.1
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, F2/0
O IA 192.168.3.0/24 [110/2] via 10.0.0.2, F0/0
by Jeremy Stretch v2.1-r1

Name : Muhammad Taufik
Website : http://muhammadtaufik7.wordpress.com
Email : muhammadtaufik951@gmail.com
Facebook : facebook.com/MuhammadTaufiq72

Pengertian Jaringan, Subnetting, dan Perangkat Jaringan Dasar

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Pengertian Jaringan, Subnetting, dan Perangkat Jaringan Dasar

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Dari Muhammad Taufik

Pesantren Networker IDN

Perintah Dasar Switch & Router Cisco

IPv6 Basic Link-Local

EIGRP Basic Configuration

OSPF Basic Configuration

BGP - iBGP Configuration

Gambar Jaringan berdasarkan area

Adalah standar dalam perangkat jaringan yang membuat berbagai perangkat

Gambar OSI Layer

Layer Perangkat Data Unit Pengalamatan

1 Physical Hub Bit Binnary (1 or 0)

2 Data Link Bridge dan Switch Frame MAC Address

3 Network Router Packet IP Address

1 Physical Hub Broadcast ke semua -

2 Data Link Bridge dan Switch Broadcast MAC Address Tabel

3 Network Router Berdasarkan IP Routing Tabel

Seorang network engineer harus mengetahui berbagai jenis perangkat jaringan

IP address dipakai untuk pengalamatan dalam jaringan.

Karena soalnya IP 192.168.2.172, maka gak mungkin termasuk subnet/network

Jadi IP 192.168.2.172 masuk dalam subnet ke 3 dengan ip network 192.168.2.128

e Host : 192.168.10.1 – 192.168.10.126

e Host : 10.8.0.1 – 10.15.255.254

e Host : 11.12.0.1 – 11.12.255.254

/20 255.255.240.0 4,096 0.0.15.255

/9 255.128.0.0 8,388,608 0.127.255.255 A 0.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255

/8 255.0.0.0 16,777,216 0.255.255.255 B 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255

/7 254.0.0.0 33,554,432 1.255.255.255 C 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255

/6 252.0.0.0 67,108,864 3.255.255.255 D 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255

/4 240.0.0.0 268,435,456 15.255.255.255 Reserved Ranges

by Jeremy Stretch v2.0

Bridge kembar sama switch… tapi gak sama…

Switch adalah bridge dengan beberapa kelebihan.

Okey… to the point…

Hub kerja pada layer 1 – Physical

Optical Terminations Copper Terminations GBICs

Wireless Antennas DE-9 (Female)

RP-TNC 1000Base-T SFP

by Jeremy Stretch v1.1

TCP/UDP Port Numbers

by Jeremy Stretch v1.1

Catalyst 1900 Series

Cisco Catalyst 2690 Series

Cisco Router 2900 series

Ada beberapa perintah dasar cisco yang wajib diketahui.

Mereset Perangkat Cisco

Perintah show ip interface brief digunakan untuk melihat informasi interface.

FastEthernet0/0 10.10.10.1 YES manual up up

FastEthernet0/1 12.12.12.1 YES manual up up

Loopback0 1.1.1.1 YES manual up up

Vlan1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Perintah show running-config digunakan untuk melihat konfigurasi yang sedang

Current configuration : 687 bytes

Ketika di show run.

Current configuration : 598 bytes

Pinging 10.10.10.11 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 10.10.10.11: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128

Ping statistics for 10.10.10.11:

Pinging 20.20.20.21 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.

Ping statistics for 20.20.20.21:

Remote SPAN VLANs

Primary Secondary Type Ports