Professional Documents
Culture Documents
0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction
.
..
6.1
! 6.1
6.1
6.2
Nu L C Re m
L Pr
n ((6.1))
"#$%
(film temperature)
TS Tf
Tf { (6.2)
2
* ,
&
+
,
(G t ) !>
G
| Pr1/ 3 (6.6)
Gt
** !
5
! + @ +99 !>!>
W s,x
C f ,x { (6.7)
Uuf2 / 2
/0
1 x
W s , x { ³ W s , x dx
x 0
!,
W s, x
(6.2)
5
C f ,x 1.328 Re 1/ 2 (6.8)
5* (6.5) &*
hx 2hx
hx x
; N u x { 0.664 Re 1/ 2 Pr 1/ 3 Pr t 0.6 (6.9)
k
9
&,
Pr *
+- 7* C5
(6.5)
*
7
+*
> 9
&
# ; * G t !! G ; 0
* u 9
5 * & uf ; &
+
;
5 *
/0 Pex Re x Pr :
Pelect Number
* +
C5
! ""& !> *
5* +,
&
*
+>
!D
# +
6.2.2
&&
&
&*
C f ,x 0.0592 Re x 1/ 5 9
&
& 5 u 105 Re
R x 10 7 (6.11)
(6 11)
; * +9 15% 9
&* Rex 0 108 * *
,
&
+
!>
G 0.37 x Re x 1/ 5 (6.12)
CC+
7
(6.11) &** !!
&!!
" ,
Re or Chilton-Colburn analogy
5 * Nux ;
Nux St Re x Pr 0.0296 Re 4x / 5 Pr1/ 3 (6.13)
N x
Nu ( hx / k f )( L Lc ) (6.14)
(6 14)
x
/0 hx [1 /( L Lc )]³ hx dx (6.15)
0
6.2.3 :
,&
+
&&'
&
+
&&' 9
&'* &
+& 5
1 xC L
L ³0 ³xc hturbdx
hL h lam dx (6.16)
C+
* hlam 5 htur 5
§ k ·ª § uf · L dx º 1/ 3
1/ 2 4/5
§ uf · xC dx
hL ¨ ¸« 0.332¨ ¸ ³0 1/ 2 0.0296¨ ¸ ³x 1/ 5 » Pr (6.17)
© L ¹ «¬ ©X ¹ x ©X ¹ c x
»¼
*
Nu L [0.664 Re1x/,c2 0.037(Re 4L/ 5 Re 4x ,/c5 )] Pr1/ 3
:
Nu L (0.037 Re 4L/ 5 A) Pr1/ 3
/0 A !> * * !>
A 0.037 Re 4x ,/c5 0.664 Re1x/,c2 ) (6.18)
7*
!+! Rex,c = 5 x 105
(6.17) 5 !>
Nu L (0.037 Re 4L/ 5 871) Pr1/ 3 (6.19)
(6.19) 57 > *
:
ª0.6 Pr 60 º
« 5 8»
«5 u 10 Re L d 10 »
«Re 5 »
¬ x ,c 5 u10 ¼
5
5 Nu L 0.037 Re 4L/ 5 Pr1/ 3 (6 21)
(6.21)
6.2.4 # OQ
!&
+
,
>5
C,0; x = 0
,#5&
+
,
5
C x = x0 ; *
* +
,0; 9
& 0 < x < x0
9
&,
&
+
&* 9
&7*
Nu x / x0 0
Nu x (6.23)
[1 ( x0 / x) 3 / 4 ]1/ 3
/0 Nux/xo= 0 C+
(6.5) "*; Nux 5
Nux/xo = 0 ; * x ,
& ,
'* *
9
&
& *
Nu x / x0 0
Nu x 9 / 100 1 / 9
(6.24)
[1 ( x0 / x) ]
/0* Nux/x0
(6.13)
(6.23) 5 (6.24) !
5+" 7
9
& x > x0 5 :
* Nux 9
& x0< x < L 5
C+
5 !> ! *
"#$ 9
'* C+
7
9
&
&
qS"
C+ TS ( x) Tf (6.27)
hx
!> &&'
4.
&*5
7 * hx 5 h
5. :
57
&,
9,
+* 6.1
O 6 kPa 5
"#$ 300 oC +
> 10 m/s '* '* &
+&+ 0.5 m
9 +>*
* + ,
'*
+&
:
"#$,
' !> 27 oC
; * X ,
O 437 K 5 P = 6 x 103 Pa !>
1.0133 u 105 N / m 2
X 30.84 u10 6 m 2 / s u
6 u 103 N / m 2
X 5.21u 10 4 m 2 / s
*'*
+& !>
qc h L (Tf Ts )
:
: 599
& h ** ReL
#**
uf L 10m / s u 0.5m
Re L 9597
X 5.21u 10 4 m 2 / s
; !>
&&
; '* ; 7
(6.9)
Nu L 0.664 Re 1L/ 2 Pr1/ 3
+* 6.2
'* &
+& w = 1 m &"
"#$' Ts = 230 oC C+
7 &
(heater)
5%% !> &"/0+
5 50 mm
O&
+O (1 atm) 25 oC '* '* &
+& +
> 60
m/s X
*
5%% , !" 5* *
9
O Tf = 400 K, P = 1 atm &*
X = 26.41 x 10-6 m2/s, k = 0.0338 W/m-K, Pr = 0.690
9* ,
X
* 9%%"
C+
"
,
7
!+!
,
7*
!+!
*
:
* Re
R 1 ,
+
,0;
+* & L1 ,
X
,
X
:
uf L1 60m / s u 0.05m
Re 1 1.14 u 105
X 26.41u 10 6 m 2 / s
X
9%%":
/ 0 * h "
* hx
!
'&
5+5,
&
" ! * 3
!> ! :
1. X
(1)
5*
& hx "7*
2. X
X
(5)
5
&
5*
& hx 7*
"7
&
&
3. X
(6)
5* :
,
&
+*
:
X
;
C+7 "+ ,
&* 5
,
X
* ; *
qelec qconv
X
1
qconv,1 h1 L1 w(Ts Tf )
/0 h1
Nu 1 0.664 Re 11 / 2 Pr 1 / 3 0.664(1.14 u 10 5 )1 / 2 (0.69)1 / 3
Nu 1 198
* ,
h1 4
(7*
)
Nu 4 0.664 Re 14/ 2 Pr 1 / 3
:
Re4 = 4Re1 = 4.56 x 105
Nu 4 0.664(4.56 u 10 5 )1 / 2 (0.69)1 / 3 396
Nu 4 k 396 u 0.0338W / m K
; h1 4
67W / m 2 K
L4 0.2m
& X
(5) "#Q#5 :
,& +
&&'
; * h15
(6.15) /0 Re5 = 5Re1 = 5.70 x 105
Nu 5 (0.037 Re 54 / 5 871) Pr1/ 3
Nu 5 k 546 u 0.0338W / m K
; h15 74W / m 2 K
L5 0.25m
* +
X
(5) :
9
+9
9
&X
(6) 7* :
5
qconv,6 (85W / m 2 K u 0.30m 74W / m 2 K u 0.25m)1m(230 25)$C
q conv, 6 1440W
6.4
6.5
:
C ,
,
& &
+
; C*
&
+
0
5
5 7*
!+! (Transition) :
57
$5
+
• ReD 2×105 &
+
+> !>
+* 5
+ ș | 80º
! (6.6)
• ReD 2×105 7*
!+!&
+
,0;
5
+57 0 ș | 140º
!
5Z
FD
CD { (6.28)
A f ( UV 2 / 2)
Af !> :; ,
5&
6.6
6.7
6.4.2
( hD )
Nu D C Re mD R1/ 3 (6.29)
k
/0* C 5 m !> *
6.1 5 6.2 9
&'*
5&
*
6.1 * ,
(6.29) 9
&
5&
,
Zhukauskas
1/ 4
§ Pr ·
Nu D C Re m
Pr ¨¨ f
n
¸¸ (6.30)
© PrS
D
¹
99
& 0 . 7 Pr 500
00
1 Re D 10 6
C+ C 5 m
6.3 "#& * - T + Prs Ts
4/5
0.62 Re1D/ 2 Pr1/ 3 ª § Re D ·5 / 8 º
Nu D 0.3 «1 ¨ ¸ » (6.31)
[1 (0.4 / Pr) 2 / 3 ]1/ 4 «¬ © 28200 ¹ »¼
!; "&+
!
&!
"
:
7 9
&+
,
/0
,
5 :
5 !+
!
*
+,
1/ 2
ª § x · 0.7 º
1/ 3
Nu D 2 0.6 Re D Pr «25¨ ¸ » (6 34)
(6.34)
¬« © D ¹ »¼
/0* x :
5+5"+" "#& * - T
6.9
6.10
9
&
O'* 7; *
10 7;
:
* ,0; !
(NL10) Grimison
+*
!
Nu D C1 Re mD , max (6.35)
9
& N L t 10
2000 Re D ,max 40,000
Pr 0.7
C+ C1 5 m
6.4 5
UVmax D
Re D ,max { (6.36)
P
#; 5 Vmax
!
ST
Vmax V (6.37b)
2( S D D )
Vmax A1 9
&&& +:
; (staggered)
7
(6.37a)
9
&,
:- # +%
1.13Pr1/3 /05 !>
Nu D ( N L 10) C 2 Nu D ( N L t10)
(6.39)
*
:
>- ; Zhukauskas
!>
1/ 4
§ Prf ·
Nu D C Re m
D , max Pr 0.36
¨¨ ¸¸ (6.40)
P
Pr
© S¹
9
&
N L ! 20
0.7 Pr 500
1000 Re D ,max 2 u106
Nu D ( N L 20) C 2 Nu D ( N L t 20)
((6.41))
C+ C2 9
6.7
6.7 * !
5
& , C2 ,
6.41 9
& NL<20(ReD>103)
6.11
9&
"#$
qc N (hSD'Tlm (6.44)
6.12
6.13
+* 6.3
&
5&
C5 (metallic) '* O+ 12.7 mm
+ 94 mm 9
C+X
%%$+
5&
59
,
5
O
"C /0
"#$ 26.2 oC 5
> 10
m/s X
! **
+
46 W ,#5
"#$' @ +
o
,
5&
!> Ts = 128.4 C 55 * 15 % ,
9%%
S +! :
'*
5
9
' '* 7; ! +
5&
2. +&&
Zhukauskas
1/ 4
§ Pr ·
Nu D C Re Pr ¨¨ f ¸¸
m n
© PrS ¹
D
C+"
C #& * - T + Prs 5
VD 10m / s u 0.0127m
Re D 7992
X 15.89m u 10 6 m 2 / s
6.3 C = 0.26 5 m = 0.6
5* Pr < 10 ; n = 0.37
:
0.25
§ 0.707 ·
Nu D 0.26(7992) 0.6 (0.707) 0.37 ¨ ¸ 50.5
© 0.690 ¹
0.0263W / m K
; h Nu D k 50.5 105W / m 2 K #
D 0.0127 m
,
Churchill 5 Bernstein
4/5
0.62 Re1D/ 2 Pr1/ 3 ª § Re D · º
5/8
Nu D 0 .3 « 1 ¨ ¸ »
[1 (0.4 / Pr) 2 / 3 ]1/ 4 «¬ © 28,200 ¹ ¼»
Nu D 40.6
; h Nu D (k / D ) 96.0 W / m 2 K #
,
Hilpert
Nu D C Re mD Pr1/ 3
"#&
#&-
* -
Tf
ReD = 6071 5 Pr = 0.70
0 70
6.1
61
C = 0.193 5 m = 0.618 :
0.030W / m K
; h Nu D k 37.3
D 0.0127 m
h 88W / m 2 K #
+* 6.4
'* * &
'* O+ 10 mm 9&*
& 75 oC :
:
+ +
& ; 9
5
1 atm, 23 oC
>> 10 m/s ** **
00 5 +>> * 35 oC
9
"#&
"#$ 328 K
ȡ = 8933 kg/m3, k = 399 W/m-K, cp = 387 J/kg-K
O T = 296 K : = 181.6 x 10-7 N-s/m2, X= 15.36 x 10-6
m2/s, k = 0.0258 W/m-K, Pr = 0.709
O (Ts | 328 K) : = 197.8 x 10-7 N-s/m2
:
,&
* + &
#
'9
&"
;
(lumped capacitance)
UVC p Ti Tf
t ln
h As T Tf
/0 V SD 3 / 6 5 As SD 2
UC p D Ti Tf
t ln
6h T Tf
* h
(6.32)
1/ 4
§P ·
Nu D 1/ 2
2 (0.4 Re 0.06 Re 2/3
) Pr ¨¨ f ¸¸
0.4
© Ps ¹
D D
VD 10m / s u 0.01m
/ 0 Re D 6510
X 15.36 u 10 6 m 2 / s
t 69.2 s #
+* 6.5
9;
!> ! &*
+-
"#$ 57 9
&!
5+"
*
:
,&
"
# 7* ;
7 +7 ; *
(tube
bundle) /09; '* *
,#5
O'* 7; *
$+
#7; *
/&&& 'O
/0&&& '* O++$+
!
$+
!> 16.4
16 4 mm ST 5 SL ! !> 34.3
34 3
5 31.3 mm 9& *
7 5 8 *
$+ :
,
9 ;
*
"#$ !> 70 oC ,#5
O*
'* 7; *
!> 15 oC 5
> 6 m/s h
O 5
* +
9
&7; *
;
; ,
'*
§ S (0.0164m)56(135.6W / m 2 K ) ·
Ts T0 (550 C ) exp ¨¨ 3
¸¸
© 1.217kg / m (6m / s)8(0.0313m)1007 J / kg K ¹
Ts T0 44.0 0 C
;
(Ts Ti ) (Ts To ) 55 44
LMTD 49.6 0 C
ln[( Ts Ti ) /(Ts To )] ln( 55 / 44)
5
q Nh SD( LMTD ) 56S (135.6)(0.0164)( 49.6)
q 19.4kW / m #
; :
NL = 7 5
ª1.217kg / m 3 (12.6m / s 2 º
'P 7 u1.04 « » 0.35
¬ 2 ¼
1. F. P. Incropera and D. P. DeWitt, Fundamental of Heat and Mass
Transfer, 6th edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2007.
2.
.
.
,
, 2542
4
& 9