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  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

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.. 











 



 




  







 
 

 


6.1 
 
   

  
    ! 6.1

6.1

..    !" # $ %& " % 1


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

6.2

Nu L C Re m
L Pr
n ((6.1))


"#$ %
   (film temperature)
TS  Tf
Tf { (6.2)
2

6.2  '* '* & +&


6.2.1 &&  
*  ,
&    +
   "-
-
G x 5 Re x 1 2 (6.3)
/0 Re x (uf x / X ) 5  7   0 < x < xc
W s,x
C f ,x { 0.664 Re x1 2 (6.4)
Uu / 2
2
f

9  &  


: ; '
"#$  9 
*  local Nusselt
+*  !
hx x
Nu x { 0.332 Re 1x/ 2 Pr 1 / 3 Pr t 0 . 6 (6.5)
k

..    !" # $ %& " % 2


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

*  ,
&    +
 ,
 
 (G t ) !> 
G
| Pr1/ 3 (6.6)
Gt
**  ! 5
!    + @ +99  !>!> 
W s,x
C f ,x { (6.7)
Uuf2 / 2
/0
1 x
W s , x { ³ W s , x dx
x 0
 !,
 W s, x       (6.2)  
   5 
C f ,x 1.328 Re 1/ 2 (6.8)

*  ! 5   


 @+9  & &&   !> 
1/ 2 x
1
x
§k· §u · dx
x ³0 ³x
hx hx dx 0.332¨ ¸ Pr1/ 3 ¨ f ¸
©X ¹
1/ 2
© x¹ 0


  5*  (6.5) &* 

hx 2hx

hx x
; N u x { 0.664 Re 1/ 2 Pr 1/ 3 Pr t 0.6 (6.9)
k

..    !" # $ %& " % 3


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

9  &,
  Pr *
+- 7*  C5    (6.5)
*    7 
+*   >  9   &  #  ; *  G t !! G    ; 0 
 * u  9 
5 * & uf ; &    +
 ;
5  *

Nu x 0.565 Pe1x/ 2 Pr d 0.01, Pex t 100 (6.10)

/0 Pex Re x Pr :
Pelect Number  * +  
C5 
! ""& !> *   5*   +,
& *
+> 
!D #  + 

6.2.2  && 
 & 
 
&* 
C f ,x 0.0592 Re x 1/ 5 9 &
  & 5 u 105  Re
R x  10 7 (6.11)
(6 11)
   ;   * +9 15% 9  &*  Rex 0 108 * * 
,
&    +
 !> 
G 0.37 x Re x 1/ 5 (6.12)
CC+ 7
  (6.11) &** !!  &!! " ,
 Re or Chilton-Colburn analogy
5  * Nux  ;
Nux St Re x Pr 0.0296 Re 4x / 5 Pr1/ 3 (6.13)

..    !" # $ %& " % 4


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

* *  Nux 7*  


 &     

N x
Nu ( hx / k f )( L  Lc ) (6.14)
(6 14)

x
/0 hx [1 /( L  Lc )]³ hx dx (6.15)
0

6.2.3 :
 ,&    +
 &&'
&    +
 &&' 9  &'* &  +& 5 
1 xC L

L ³0 ³xc hturbdx
hL h lam dx  (6.16)
C+ *  hlam 5 htur 5 
§ k ·ª § uf · L dx º 1/ 3
1/ 2 4/5
§ uf · xC dx
hL ¨ ¸« 0.332¨ ¸ ³0 1/ 2  0.0296¨ ¸ ³x 1/ 5 » Pr (6.17)
© L ¹ «¬ ©X ¹ x ©X ¹ c x
»¼


    
 * 
Nu L [0.664 Re1x/,c2  0.037(Re 4L/ 5  Re 4x ,/c5 )] Pr1/ 3

..    !" # $ %& " % 5


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

 :
Nu L (0.037 Re 4L/ 5  A) Pr1/ 3
/0 A !> *  * !> 
A 0.037 Re 4x ,/c5  0.664 Re1x/,c2 ) (6.18)
 7*  !+!  Rex,c = 5 x 105    (6.17) 5 !> 
Nu L (0.037 Re 4L/ 5  871) Pr1/ 3 (6.19)
  (6.19) 57  > *
:

ª0.6  Pr  60 º
« 5 8»
«5 u 10  Re L d 10 »
«Re 5 »
¬ x ,c 5 u10 ¼

9  &*  ! 5  + 5 


1742
C f ,L (0.074 / Re 1L/ 5 )  (6.20)
Re L
:
5 u105  Re L d 108 5 Re x ,c 5 u105
 #  L>> xc(ReL>>Rex,c) /09 A<<0.037ReL4/5

5 
5  Nu L 0.037 Re 4L/ 5 Pr1/ 3 (6 21)
(6.21)

5 C f ,L 0.074 Re L1/ 5 (6.22)

..    !" # $ %& " % 6


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

6.2.4  #  OQ

  !&    +
 ,
 >5  C,0;  x = 0
,#5&    +
 ,
 
5  C x = x0 ; * 
 * +  
 ,0; 9  & 0 < x < x0

9
&,

  &    +
 &* 9  &7*   
   Nu x / x0 0
Nu x (6.23)
[1  ( x0 / x) 3 / 4 ]1/ 3
/0 Nux/xo= 0   C+  (6.5)  "*; Nux 5
Nux/xo = 0 ; *  x ,
& ,
'*  *  
   
9  & 
 &   *
Nu x / x0 0
Nu x 9 / 100 1 / 9
(6.24)
[1  ( x0 / x) ]
/0*  Nux/x0   (6.13)   (6.23) 5 (6.24) ! 5+" 7
9  & x > x0 5 :
  * Nux 9  & x0< x < L 5
C+

  

..    !" # $ %& " % 7


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

! S * +  


 #%/  
' 9 

5 !>  !  * 
"#$  9 
'*  C+ 7  
   

9  &  

Nu x 0.453 Re 1x/ 2 Pr1/ 3 (6.25)

9  & 
 & 

Nu x 0.0308 Re 4x / 5 Pr1/ 3 ((6.26))

qS"
C+ TS ( x) Tf  (6.27)
hx

6.3  9#  



1.   * * !>  &&
2.
2  @+,

"
*  #$   5
  
3.  
&* !>  &&    :

 &    :

!> &&'

4.  
&*5
7 * hx 5 h

5. :
  57  


&,
9,
 

..    !" # $ %& " % 8


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction


+*  6.1

O 6 kPa 5
"#$  300 oC  + > 10 m/s '* '* &
 +&+ 0.5 m 
  9 +>*
* +  ,
'*   +&

 :

"#$ ,
' !>  27 oC

9  ,



O P = 1 atm, Tf = 437 K 
X = 30.84 x 10-6 m2/s, k = 36.4 x 10-3 W/m-K, Pr = 0.687
* "# & k, Pr, 5 P
 * !> 
 5 * ,0 ; &  
* * X= P/ȡ 5! !+  
 :
 ȡ = P/RT

; *  X ,

O 437 K 5 P = 6 x 103 Pa !> 
1.0133 u 105 N / m 2
X 30.84 u10 6 m 2 / s u
6 u 103 N / m 2
X 5.21u 10 4 m 2 / s

   
*'*   +& !> 
qc h L (Tf  Ts )
:
:      5 99   & h **  ReL 
  #**

uf L 10m / s u 0.5m
Re L 9597
X 5.21u 10  4 m 2 / s

..    !" # $ %& " % 9


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

; !>  &&     ; '*  ; 7   (6.9)
Nu L 0.664 Re 1L/ 2 Pr1/ 3

Nu L 0.664(9597)1/ 2 (0.687)1/ 3 57.4

5 Nu L k 57.4 u 0.0364W / m ˜ K


h
L 0.5m
h 4.18W / m 2 ˜ K

   
*'**   +& !>!> 
qc 4.18W / m 2 ˜ K u 0.5m(300  27) 0 C
qc 570W / m #


+*  6.2
'* &  +&  w = 1 m &"  
"#$ ' Ts = 230 oC C+
7 & 
 (heater)  5 %% !> &" /0+
5 50 mm
 
O& +O (1 atm) 25 oC '* '* &  +& + >  60
m/s X 
  
*  5 %% ,  !" 5 * * 

..    !" # $ %& " % 10


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

9  
O Tf = 400 K, P = 1 atm &* 
X = 26.41 x 10-6 m2/s, k = 0.0338 W/m-K, Pr = 0.690
9* ,
X 
 
 * 9 %%"
  C+ "
,
 7 !+!
,
 7*  !+! 


*

: 
*  Re
R 1 ,
+
,0;
+* & L1 ,
X
,
X

    :

uf L1 60m / s u 0.05m
Re 1 1.14 u 105
X 26.41u 10 6 m 2 / s

  *7*  !+!


+*  Rex,c = 5 x 105   
!+!5 X 
  (5)  :
* 
X 26.41u 10 6 m 2 / s
xc Re x ,c 5 u 105 0.22m
uf 60m / s

X 
   
 9 %%":
/ 0 *  h "   * hx
! '& 5+5,
&   " !  *  3  
 !>  !  :

1. X 
  (1)  5*  

& hx "7*   
2. X 

X 
  (5)  5 

&
 5*  

& hx 7*
"7 
&
 
 & 

3. X 
  (6)  5*  :
 , 
 &    
+*   :
X 
  ;  
C+7  "+ ,
&* 5
,
X 
 *  ;  *
qelec qconv
X 
   1
qconv,1 h1 L1 w(Ts  Tf )
/0 h1  
Nu 1 0.664 Re 11 / 2 Pr 1 / 3 0.664(1.14 u 10 5 )1 / 2 (0.69)1 / 3
Nu 1 198

..    !" # $ %& " % 11


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

Nu1k 198 u 0.0338W / m ˜ K


; h1 134W / m 2 ˜ K
L1 0.05m
2 2 $
5 qconv,1 134W / m ˜ K (0.05 u1)m (230  25) C 1370W
9
 9  &X 
  (5)   C+9*  

S +;  
X 
 4   ! S + 

,
 5   :

qconv,5 h15 L5 w(Ts  Tf )  h14 L4 w(Ts  Tf )


qconv,5 (h15 L5  h1 4 L4 ) w(Ts  Tf )

* ,
 h1 4     (7*    )

Nu 4 0.664 Re 14/ 2 Pr 1 / 3

:
 Re4 = 4Re1 = 4.56 x 105
Nu 4 0.664(4.56 u 10 5 )1 / 2 (0.69)1 / 3 396
Nu 4 k 396 u 0.0338W / m ˜ K
; h1 4
 67W / m 2 ˜ K
L4 0.2m

& X 
   (5) "#Q#5 :
 ,&  +
 &&'
; *  h15     (6.15) /0 Re5 = 5Re1 = 5.70 x 105
Nu 5 (0.037 Re 54 / 5  871) Pr1/ 3

Nu 5 [0.037(5.70 u 10 5 ) 4 / 5  871]( 0.69)1 / 3 546

Nu 5 k 546 u 0.0338W / m ˜ K
; h15 74W / m 2 ˜ K
L5 0.25m

..    !" # $ %& " % 12


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction


  * +  
X 
 (5) :

qconv,5 (74W / m 2 ˜ K u 0.25m  67W / m 2 ˜ K u 0.20m)1m(230  25) $ C


q conv,5 1050W

9
 +9
 9  &X 
 (6)   7* :

qconv,6 (h16 L6  h15 L5 ) w(Ts  Tf )

/0 h1 6     (6.19)  Re6 = 6Re1 = 6.84 x 105

Nu 6 [0.037(6.84 u 10 5 ) 4 / 5  871](0.69)1 / 3 753


Nu 6 k 753 u 0.0338W / m ˜ K
h16 85W / m 2 ˜ K
L6 0.30m

5
qconv,6 (85W / m 2 ˜ K u 0.30m  74W / m 2 ˜ K u 0.25m)1m(230  25)$C

q conv, 6 1440W

; q6 > q1 > q5 5'* X 


 (6) 
 9 %%" #

..    !" # $ %& " % 13


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

6.4  '*   5&


,
6.4.1  ,
,
 

6.4

9  &  5&



UVD VD
Re D {
P X

6.5

..    !" # $ %& " % 14


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

:
C  ,
,
  
 &  &   
+
 ; C*    &    +
 0  5
5 7*  !+! (Transition) :
57
 
$5 + 
•  ReD ” 2×105 &    +
 +>  !>   
+* 5
+  ș | 80º  ! (6.6)
•  ReD  2×105   7*  !+!&    +
 ,0;
5 +57 0 ș | 140º

 ! 5Z     
FD
CD { (6.28)
A f ( UV 2 / 2)
Af !> :;  ,
  5&


6.6

..    !" # $ %& " % 15


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

6.7

6.4.2   


 ! 6.8  *  Nux 9  &


O ; @&
  5&


..    !" # $ %& " % 16


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

9 & '*   5&


  
 ,
 Hilpert
7
+*  * + :

( hD )
Nu D C Re mD R1/ 3 (6.29)
k
/0*  C 5 m !> *    6.1 5 6.2 9 & '* 
  5&
 * 
  6.1 * ,
  (6.29) 9 &  5&
  

  6.2 * ,


  (6.29) 9 &  5&
 *   ,
\ 

..    !" # $ %& " % 17


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

  ,
 Zhukauskas
1/ 4
§ Pr ·
Nu D C Re m
Pr ¨¨ f
n
¸¸ (6.30)
© PrS
D
¹
99  & 0 . 7  Pr  500
00
1  Re D  10 6
C+ C 5 m   6.3 "# & * -  T’ +   Prs  Ts

  6.3 * ,


  (6.30) 9 &  5&
   

  Pr ” 10, 7 * n = 0.37


  Pr > 10, 7 * n = 0.36

Churchill 5 Bernstein  


  /0"* *  ReD ;  
 ; Pr  +   ; 7  9   & ReDPr > 0.2 :

4/5
0.62 Re1D/ 2 Pr1/ 3 ª § Re D ·5 / 8 º
Nu D 0.3  «1  ¨ ¸ » (6.31)
[1  (0.4 / Pr) 2 / 3 ]1/ 4 «¬ © 28200 ¹ »¼

C+"# & * - 


"#$ %
   (Tf)

..    !" # $ %& " % 18


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

6.5  '*  


  ,
 Whitaker
1/ 4
§P ·
Nu D 2  (0.4 Re  0.06 Re ) Pr ¨¨ f ¸¸
1/ 2 2/3 0. 4
(6.32)
(6 32)
© PS ¹
D D

9  & 0.71  Pr  380

3.5  Re D  7.6 u10 4


§P ·
1.0  ¨¨ f ¸¸  3.2
© PS ¹
* "# & * - +  *  Ps  T’

 #  OQ,


  
  ,
+,
 
( 7*  +9; _) /0
+* 
 57   ,
 Ranz Marshall
:

Nu D 2  0.6 Re 1D/ 2 Pr1.3 (6.33)


(6 33)


!;  "&+   !  &! "   :
7 9   &+
,
  /0
,
 5 :
5 !+  ! *  
+,

1/ 2
ª § x · 0.7 º
1/ 3
Nu D 2  0.6 Re D Pr «25¨ ¸ » (6 34)
(6.34)
¬« © D ¹ »¼
/0*  x :
5+5 "+" "# & * -  T’

..    !" # $ %& " % 19


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

6.6  '* *


+7;

6.9

6.10

..    !" # $ %& " % 20


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

9  &
O '* 7; *
  10 7;  :
* ,0; !
(NL•10) Grimison   
+*  !

Nu D C1 Re mD , max (6.35)
9  & N L t 10
2000  Re D ,max  40,000
Pr 0.7
C+ C1 5 m    6.4 5
UVmax D
Re D ,max { (6.36)
P

  6.4 * ,


  (6.35) 9 &
O '* *
; * 10  :
* 

..    !" # $ %& " % 21


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

9  & *


 + (Aligned arrangement) Vmax
 5&, A1 ,
  ! 6.10a 5 *
ST
Vmax V (6 3 a)
(6.37a)
ST  D
9  & && +:
;  (Staggered) *  Vmax
  5&
, A1  :
&& +>   :

5  5&


5+ A2   ! 6.10b >  5 Vmax  A2  
1/ 2
ª 2 § ST · 2 º ST  D
SD «S L  ¨ ¸ » 
¬« © 2 ¹ »¼ 2

 #; 5  Vmax  !
ST
Vmax V (6.37b)
2( S D  D )
  Vmax  A1 9 &&& +:
;  (staggered) 
7   (6.37a)
9 &,
 
:-  # +% 
 1.13Pr1/3 /05   !> 

NuD 1.13C1 Re mD ,max Pr1/ 3 (6.38)


9 &
 &
NL t 10 C+"# & * - 
2000  Re D ,max  400,000 
"#$ %
   Tf
Pr t 0.7

..    !" # $ %& " % 22


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

  NL<10  7 % 


  ,  ;

Nu D ( N L 10) C 2 Nu D ( N L t10)
(6.39)

/0 C2     6.5

  6.5 % 


  , C2 ,
  (6.39) 9  & NL<10

*
 :
>-  ; Zhukauskas  
 !> 
1/ 4
§ Prf ·
Nu D C Re m
D , max Pr 0.36
¨¨ ¸¸ (6.40)
P
Pr
© S¹
9  &
N L ! 20
0.7  Pr  500
1000  Re D ,max  2 u106

* "# &  ;   (+   Prs) * @+,



"#$   , 5


* *  C 5 m 9    6.6

..    !" # $ %& " % 23


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

  6.6 *   (6.40) 9  & '* *


+7;

  NL<20 9 !> 


7 ! 5
& , (Correction factor ) :

Nu D ( N L  20) C 2 Nu D ( N L t 20)
((6.41))
C+ C2 9    6.7
  6.7 * ! 5
& , C2 ,
   6.41 9 & NL<20(ReD>103)

6.11

..    !" # $ %& " % 24


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

 * ,



"#$  @+&&
 0 (LMTD)
(TS  Ti )  (TS  To )
'Tlm (6.42)
§ T T ·
ln ¨¨ S i ¸¸
© TS  T0 ¹

C+ Ti 5 To !> 


"#$ ,
 ,#5  , 5 


 9&
"#$  

/07 *  Tlm


  
TS  T0 § SDN h ·
exp ¨  ¸ (6.43)
TS  Ti ¨ UVN S C ¸
© T T p ¹

C+ N !> 9*


;  "* 5 NT !> 9*
 5&
,     ǻTlm >  
 * +  
*
* +
+,
*


qc N (hSD'Tlm (6.44)

Zhukauskus  59 9# (Pressure drop)


,
 '* *
+7; C+9 !> 
UVmax
2
'p NLF( )f (6 45)
(6.45)
2
C+! 5
& + f (Friction factor) 5! 5
& , F
(Correction factor) *   ! 6.12 5 6.13

..    !" # $ %& " % 25


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

6.12

6.13

..    !" # $ %& " % 26


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction


+*  6.3
 
&  5&
C5 (metallic)  '* O+  12.7 mm
+ 94 mm 9 
C+X 
 %%$+  5&
 59 
, 5
O
"C   /0 
"#$  26.2 oC 5  > 10
m/s X 
  
! **
+

 
 46 W ,#5
 
 "#$ '  @ +
o
,
  5&
 !>  Ts = 128.4 C 55 *  15 % ,
9 %%
S + ! :
 '*  5 9 
' '* 7; ! +
  5&


1. *  h  


 ;
2. !  +& +&' 
; &*  h     5
9  "# &,

O (T’ = 26.2oC ~ 300 K) 
X = 15.89 x 10-6 m2/s, k = 26.3 x 10-3 W/m-K, Pr = 0.707
( T’ = 305 K) : X = 20.92 x 10-6 m2/s, k = 30 x 10-3 W/m-K, Pr = 0.7

O (Ts = 128.4oC = 401 K) : Pr = 0.690

1.  h = q/[A(Ts- T’)] q = 0.85P 5 A = SDL  *


0.85 u 46W
h
S u 0.0127m u 0.094m(128.4  26.2)$ C
h 102 W / m ˜ K #

..    !" # $ %& " % 27


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

2. +&&  Zhukauskas
1/ 4
§ Pr ·
Nu D C Re Pr ¨¨ f ¸¸
m n

© PrS ¹
D

C+"
C # & * -  T’ +   Prs 5 

VD 10m / s u 0.0127m
Re D 7992
X 15.89m u 10 6 m 2 / s
  6.3  C = 0.26 5 m = 0.6  5*  Pr < 10 ; n = 0.37
:
0.25
§ 0.707 ·
Nu D 0.26(7992) 0.6 (0.707) 0.37 ¨ ¸ 50.5
© 0.690 ¹
0.0263W / m ˜ K
; h Nu D k 50.5 105W / m 2 ˜ K #
D 0.0127 m

 ,
 Churchill 5 Bernstein
4/5
0.62 Re1D/ 2 Pr1/ 3 ª § Re D · º
5/8

Nu D 0 .3  « 1  ¨ ¸ »
[1  (0.4 / Pr) 2 / 3 ]1/ 4 «¬ © 28,200 ¹ ¼»

"# & * -  Tf ; Pr = 0.70 5


VD 10m / s u 0.0127 m
Re D 6071
X 20.92 u 10 6 m 2 / s
5/8 4/5
0.62(6071)1/ 2 (0.70)1/ 3 ª § 6071 · º
Nu D 0.3  «1  ¨ ¸ »
[1  (0.4 / 0.70) 2 / 3 ]1/ 4 «¬ © 28,200 ¹ »¼

Nu D 40.6

; h Nu D (k / D ) 96.0 W / m 2 ˜ K #

..    !" # $ %& " % 28


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

  ,
 Hilpert
Nu D C Re mD Pr1/ 3

"# &
# &-
 * - 
 Tf 
 ReD = 6071 5 Pr = 0.70
0 70   6.1
61
 C = 0.193 5 m = 0.618 :

Nu D 0.193(6071) 0.618 (0.700) 0.333 37.3

0.030W / m ˜ K
; h Nu D k 37.3
D 0.0127 m

h 88W / m 2 ˜ K #


+*  6.4
'* * & 
  '* O+  10 mm 9&*
 
& 75 oC :
:
+ +

 
&  ; 9  5
  1 atm, 23 oC  >> 10 m/s **  **  00 5 +>> * 35 oC
9  "# &

"#$  328 K 
ȡ = 8933 kg/m3, k = 399 W/m-K, cp = 387 J/kg-K

O T’ = 296 K : ‚ = 181.6 x 10-7 N-s/m2, X= 15.36 x 10-6
m2/s, k = 0.0258 W/m-K, Pr = 0.709

O (Ts | 328 K) : ‚ = 197.8 x 10-7 N-s/m2

..    !" # $ %& " % 29


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction


 :
,& * +  & #
  '9 & "
; 
 (lumped capacitance)
UVC p Ti  Tf
t ln
h As T  Tf
/0 V SD 3 / 6 5 As SD 2
UC p D Ti  Tf
t ln
6h T  Tf
*  h     (6.32)
1/ 4
§P ·
Nu D 1/ 2
2  (0.4 Re  0.06 Re 2/3
) Pr ¨¨ f ¸¸
0.4

© Ps ¹
D D

VD 10m / s u 0.01m
/ 0 Re D 6510
X 15.36 u 10 6 m 2 / s

; Nu D 2  [0.4(6510)1/ 2  0.06(6510) 2 / 3 ](0.709) 0.4


1/ 4
§ 181.6 u 10 7 N ˜ s / m 2 ·
u ¨¨ 7
¸
2 ¸
47.4
© 197.8 u10 N ˜ s / m ¹
k 0.0258W / m ˜ K
5 h Nu D 47.4 122W / m 2 ˜ K
D 0.01m
; 
 9  &9 +> :

8933kg / m3 u 387 J / kg ˜ K u 0.01m § 75  23 ·


t ln ¨ ¸
6 u122W / m 2 ˜ K © 35  23 ¹

t 69.2 s #

..    !" # $ %& " % 30


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction


+*  6.5
9;
 !>  !  &*
+- 
"#$  57 9  &! 5+"   
*

  :
,& 
"    # 7*   ; 
7  +7 ; *
(tube
bundle) /09; '* *
,#5
O '* 7; *
$+
  #7; *

/&&& 'O
/0&&&   '* O++$+
 !
$+
 !>  16.4
16 4 mm  ST 5 SL ! !>  34.3
34 3
5 31.3 mm  9& *
7  5 8 *
$+ :
 , 9 ;
*

"#$  !>  70 oC ,#5
O*
'* 7; *
!>  15 oC 5 
 > 6 m/s  h  
O 5
  * +  
9  &7; *
 ;
 ;  ,

'*

9  "# &


 O 15 oC :
Ǐ = 1.217 kg/m3, cp = 1007 J/kg-K, X = 14.82 x 10-6 m2/s, k
= 0.0253 W/m-K, Pr = 0.710
Ts  70 oC : Pr = 0.710
Tf  43 oC : X = 17.4 x 10-6 m2/s, k = 0.0274 W/m-K, Pr = 0.705

1.  (6.40) 5 (6.41)  / &


  
O
1/ 4
§ Prf ·
Nu D C Re m
D , max Pr 0.36
¨¨ ¸¸
© Prs ¹
 5 S D [ S L2  ( ST / 2) 2 ]1/ 2 37.7mm *  ( ST  D) / 2

..    !" # $ %& " % 31


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

; Vmax ,0;  5&, A1 ,


  ! 6.10 ;   (6.37a)
ST
Vmax V
ST  D
31.3mm
Vmax 6m / s 12.6m / s
(31.3  16.4)mm

Vmax D 12.6m / s u 0.0164m


:
 Re D , max 13,943
X 14.82 u 10 6 m 2 / s
ST 31.3mm
5 0.91  2
SL 34.3mm
  6.6 5 
1/ 5
§S ·
C 0.35¨¨ T ¸¸ 0.34 5 m 0.60
© SL ¹

  6.7, C2 = 0.95


; Nu D 0.95 u 0.34(13,943) 0.6 (0.71) 0.36 (0.710 / 0.701) 0.25
Nu D 87.9
5 h Nu D (k / D) 87.9(0.0253 / 0.0164) 135.6W / m 2 ˜ K
  (6.43)
§ SDN h ·¸
Ts  T0 (Ts  Ti ) exp ¨ 
¨ UVN S c ¸
© T T p ¹

§ S (0.0164m)56(135.6W / m 2 ˜ K ) ·
Ts  T0 (550 C ) exp ¨¨  3
¸¸
© 1.217kg / m (6m / s)8(0.0313m)1007 J / kg ˜ K ¹
Ts  T0 44.0 0 C

..    !" # $ %& " % 32


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction

;
(Ts  Ti )  (Ts  To ) 55  44
LMTD 49.6 0 C
ln[( Ts  Ti ) /(Ts  To )] ln( 55 / 44)
5
q Nh SD( LMTD ) 56S (135.6)(0.0164)( 49.6)
q 19.4kW / m #

2.    (6.45)


§ UV 2 ·
'P N L F ¨¨ max ¸¸ f
© 2 ¹
C+ ReD,max = 13,943, PT = (ST/D) = 1.91, 5 (PT/PL) = 0.91

  ! 6.13  * F ~ 1.04 5 f ~ 0.35

; :
NL = 7 5 

ª1.217kg / m 3 (12.6m / s 2 º
'P 7 u1.04 « » 0.35
¬ 2 ¼

'P 246 N / m 2 2.46 u 10 3 bars #

..    !" # $ %& " % 33


 
  0300708 : Advanced Heat Conduction


  
1. F. P. Incropera and D. P. DeWitt, Fundamental of Heat and Mass
Transfer, 6th edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2007.
2.    .
      .      ,
, 2542
4

& 9 

..    !" # $ %& " % 34

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