ULTRA-WIDE-BAND ANTENNAS

Presented by:
Divya Sisodiya(2K20/MOC/03)

Under the Supervision of:

Dr. Deepika Sipal

Minor Project
Department of Electronics and Communication Networks, Delhi
Technological University, Delhi,110042
June,2021

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 Content

• Problem Statement

• Simulation Tool

• Introduction

• UWB Antenna Design

• Simulation

• Results

• Conclusion

• References

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 Problem statement

To Study the performance of UWB antennas and to Simulate Planar

Monopole Ultra Wide Band Antenna on Ansys HFSS simulation tool

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 Simulation Tool

• ANSYS HFSS is an industry-

standard software for simulating

3D full-wave electromagnetic

fields.

• HFSS is very suitable for

designing high-speed, high-

frequency electronic equipment in

communication systems, radar

systems, satellites, smartphones,

and tablets.
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 Introduction

• UWB Antenna systems promise much higher bandwidth, multi-channel dimming

and lower power consumption.

• The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allocated a bandwidth of 7.5

GHz (3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz) for UWB radio communications, and UWB emerged

as a high-speed radio communications technology.

• Since the channel capacity is proportional to bandwidth, so UWB antenna offers

a more sophisticated wireless broadband solution than other technologies.

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 Spectrum of UWB antenna

Fig. 1: Ultra-wideband communications spread spectrum across a wide range of frequency

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 Types of UWB Antenna

1. Omni-directional UWB antenna: a. UWB Dielectric Resonator

Antenna.
a. UWB Planar Monopole Antenna.

3. Multiple Antennas.
b. UWB Printed Monopole.

4. Fractal UWB Antennas

2. Directional UWB Antenna:

5. Vivaldi UWB Antennas.

c. UWB Printed wide-slot Antenna.

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 UWB Antenna Design

• This research proposes a microstrip-fed Planar monopole antenna for ultra-

wideband (UWB) applications.

• The antenna is based on a planar rectangular monopole antenna. The

characteristics of the antenna can be improved by changing the shape of the
radiation patch and the ground.

• Using HFSS for simulation calculation, various performance parameters of the

antenna are obtained, and the frequency range of the antenna is guaranteed to be
3.1GHz ～ 10.6GHz, which meets the design requirements of ultra-wideband
antennas.

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 Structure of Simulated Antenna

a.) Structure of Front-end Patch on Substrate

b.) Structure of UWB Ground w/o Slots.
w/o trapezoidal Slots.

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 Return Loss
XY Plot 1 HFSSDesign1
0.00
Curve Info
dB(S(1,1))
Setup1 : Sw eep
-5.00

-10.00
dB(S(1,1))

-15.00

-20.00

-25.00

-30.00

-35.00
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00
Freq [GHz]

Fig.2: Obtained Return Loss in dB when slots are not cut in antenna’s structure.

The obtained Return Loss in Fig.1 is not satisfying the FCC requirements such as:
• Return loss is more than -10 dB
• The graph is not covering bands properly.
• Unexpected notches at different frequencies.
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 Structure of Simulated UWB Antenna

a.) Structure of UWB Front-end Patch on

b.) Structure of UWB Ground with Slots.
Substrate with Slots

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 Simulation Parameters

Parameters Values
Size of the antenna 32mm x 38mm x 1mm
Material Rogers RT Duroid
Dielectric Constant 2.2
Dimensions of ground 32mmx16mm, z-axis
Dimensions of patch 19mmx16mm
Length of feed line 16.8mm
Width of feed line 2mm, 3mm

Table I: System Parameters for simulation

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 Return loss
Name X Y S11 HFSSDesign2
0.00 2.9000 -10.7051
m1 Curve Info
m2 10.0000 -10.3065 dB(St(Rectangle13_T1,Rectangle13_T1))
Setup1 : Sw eep

-5.00
dB(St(Rectangle13_T1,Rectangle13_T1))

m1 m2
-10.00

-15.00

-20.00

-25.00
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00
Freq [GHz]

a). Return Loss of antenna with 3mm feed line b). Return Loss of antenna with 2mm feed line

Conclusion:Figure (a) and (b) show the amount of reflection attenuation for the S11
counterfeit. The S11 is less than -10 dB for both graphs but the frequency range is 3.0 to
14.9 GHz for (b), it is easy to see that the bandwidth exceeds the requirements of the
Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
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 Observation From Return loss

 
• Return Loss measures the reflected wave to the incident wave i.e.

R.L= -20 log()

• So, if a return loss of -10dB, It means that the reflected wave is 10 dB lower than

the incident wave.

• So, only 10 of the incident wave is wasted.

• Means 90 Power is delivered to the device.

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 Effects of Slots

• By designing the above Planar Monopole antenna with and without slots. It is understood

that the basic concept behind adding a slot in the Ground of antenna structure is that it

behaves like a load.

• This load when added to the antenna can be used to bring the input impedance point closer

the characteristic impedance e.g. 50 ohms.

• Due to this, input impedance match improves and hence S11.

• Similarly slots are cut on the patch in trapezoidal form so that bandwidth of the antenna can

be increased.

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 Radiation Efficiency

XY Plot 3 HFSSDesign2
1.13 m3
Name X Y
Curve Info IEEE 145–1993 defines radiation
abs(RadiationEfficiency)
m1 4.1000 0.8458
Setup1 : Sw eep

0.93
m2 3.1000 0.6749 Phi='0deg' Theta='0deg' efficiency in the "Standard
m1 m3 8.0000 1.0483

m4
m4
m5
4.5000 0.7153
4.9000 0.5276
Definition of Antenna
0.73 m2 m6 5.0000 0.4806
Terminology" as "the ratio of the
abs(RadiationEfficiency)

m7 6.0000 0.2341

m5 m8 10.0000 0.2167
m9 12.7000 0.3286
0.53 m6
total power transmitted by the

0.33
m9
antenna to the net power received
m7 m8

by the antenna connected to the

0.13
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00
Freq [GHz] transmitter". It can be expressed as
Fig.3 : Absolute radiation efficiency vs frequency a percentage (less than 100) and
depends on the frequency.

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 Radiation Efficiency

Frequency (GHz) Radiation efficiency(%)

3.1 60 Conclusion: From table II, It
4.1 80 has been observed that the
4.5 70
Efficiency and the amount of
4.9 58
5.0 48 energy emitted is highest at
6.0 23 the centre frequency of the
8.0 100 frequency 8 GHz is 1.0 or
10.0 21 100%.
12.7 32

Table II: Percentage of radiation efficiency vs frequency.

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 Antenna Gain

Antenna gain (or rectification

factor) is defined as the ratio
of the antenna output voltage
to the incident
electromagnetic field for the
output conductor. Figure 3
shows the absolute amount of
total gain.

Fig.3 : Absolute gain vs frequency

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 Antenna Gain

Frequency (GHz) Antenna Gain (abs)

3.6 1.63
4.0 2.21 Conclusion: From table III,
4.2 2.32 It has been observed that the
5.2 1.26
absolute value of antenna
6.0 0.78
gain vs frequency is highest
8.0 2.36
10.0 0.65 at 2.36.
12.0 1.03

Table III: Absolute value of antenna gain vs frequency.

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 E-plane and H-plane

• There are tangential components of electric and magnetic fields in the aperture of
the antenna. The E-plane is associated with the tangential component of the
electric field, and the H-plane is associated with the tangential magnetic
component of the field in the aperture of the antenna.

• E-plane contain the maximum amount of electric field.

• H-plane contain the max amount of magnetic field.

• S11 can be found for resonator/filter/oscillator etc. microwave devices whereas

E-plane and H-planes can be found for an antenna.

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 Radiation E-plane

(a) f=3 GHz (b) f=5 GHz

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(c) f=6.5GHz (d) f=8 GHz 21
 Radiation H-plane

(a) f=3 GHz (b) f=5 GHz

(c) f=6.5GHz (d) f=8 GHz

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 Observation From Rad. patterns

• The E-plane pattern can be seen in the radiation pattern of planar radiation of

different frequencies according to the slope of the dipole radiation pattern. The

higher the frequency, the greater the distortion.

• In this case, the H-plane pattern is mainly distributed in all directions. The higher

the frequency, the greater the distortion. However, the trend is relatively stable.

• The antenna transmission performance over the entire bandwidth is sufficient to

meet the requirements of a UWB communication system.

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 Field Overlays
At Every Point in radiating element of antenna in space. It has a magnitude and a
direction. This is shown by Field overlays through magnitude and vector of E-fields.

a). E-field Magnitude b). E-field Vector

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 Continue Work

• A second different design of UWB antenna with slots and cuts on the front and
back side is also simulated.
• The shape of the patch is triangular.
• Slots are cut on the top of the patch, giving it a shape like a Christmas tree.
• On the ground side, trapezoidal cuts are given so that the band of the UWB
antenna comes under the range of FCC requirement.

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 Results

• The graph of return loss obtained by this design is completely not under -10 Db.
• Work is going on to understand the design considerations while making the UWB
antenna so that the little defect in graph can be removed.

Name X Y XY Plot 1 HFSSDesign2

0.00 3.3000 -10.4276
m1 Curve Info
m2 8.1000 -10.1653 dB(St(Rectangle13_T1,Rectangle13_T1))
m4 12.6000 -10.5394 Setup1 : Sw eep
-5.00
dB(St(Rectangle13_T1,Rectangle13_T1))

m1 m2 m4
-10.00

-15.00

-20.00

-25.00

-30.00
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00
Freq [GHz]

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 Field Overlays

a. E-field Magnitude b. E-field Vector

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 Future Scope

• Small UWB antenna structures are always required for various applications,

especially for mobile and portable devices.

• Some methods, such as metamaterial loading, self-complementary structure, etc. They

can be studied to further reduce the size of the antenna.

• Because the UWB system overlaps the reserved frequency bands of other commercial

wireless systems, these frequency bands need to be filtered to avoid potential

interference. So, the bandgap characteristics can be introduced into the antenna

structure designed in this article as future work, fig.1.

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 Conclusion

• There is a great need for a UWB antenna with a compact and small size, which is

essential for easy integration into a system with limited space.

• When analysing possible antenna designs suitable for UWB applications, various

parameters should be considered, such as impedance bandwidth, radiation

pattern, directivity and gain, radiation efficiency, and physical profile.

• This study proposes a training structure and a tilted structure in the form of

emitting points and ground to increase the bandwidth of a flat monopole antenna.

• The bandwidth has been increased from 3.0 GHz to 14.9 GHz as per the FCC

requirements.

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 References
[1] Pei-Pei Lu, Lei-Qiang Ma, Qun Wu, “A 3.0GHz~13.8GHz Ultra-wideband Planar Monopole Microstrip
Antenna” School of Electronics and Information Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin,
China.

[2] F. Fereidoony, S.Chamaani, and S. A. Mirtaheri, “Systematic design of UWB monopole antenna with
stable omnidirectional radiation pattern,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 11,pp. 752-755,
2012.

[3] Sun S H ,Man K F ,Wang B Z ,etal, “An optimized wideband quarter-wave patch antenna design [J]”
.IEEEAntennas and Wireless Propagation Letters ,2005 ,4(1):486-488.

[4] Attiya A M, SAfaai J A., “Time domain characterization of receiving TEM horn antennas[C]”//Antenna
and Propagation Society International Symposium. Columbus, United States :2003,233-236 .

[5] Zhao A P ,Rshola J .”Quarter-wavelength wideband slot antenna for 3- 5GHz mobile applications[J]”
.IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters ,2005 ,4(1): 421-424.

[6] KAMYA YEKEH YAZDANDOOST AND RYUJI KOHNO, NATIONAL lNSTlTUTE OF

lNFORMATlON AND cOMMUNlCATlONS TECHNOLOGY, “Ultra Wideband Antenna”.

[7] A. Mehdipour, H. Aliakbarian and M. Kamarei, “A NOVEL ULTRA WIDEBAND ANTENNA FOR
UWB APPLICATIONS” Center ofExcellence on Applied Electromagnetic Systems, School ofElectrical
and Computer Eng., University of Tehran.
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