INTRODUCTION

•The English word pneumatic and its associate noun pneumatics are derived
from the Greek “pneuma” meaning breath or air.
•Any gas can be used in pneumatic system but air is the most usual, for obvious
reasons. Exceptions are most likely to occur on aircraft and space vehicles where
an inert gas such as nitrogen is preferred or the gas is one which is generated on
board. Pure nitrogen may be used if there is a danger of combustion in a work
environment.

•In Pneumatic control, compressed air is used as the working medium, normally
at a pressure from 6 bar to 8 bar.

•When the system requirement is high speed, medium pressure (usually 6 to 8

bars) and less accuracy of position, then pneumatic system is preferred.

•Air is non-explosive, it is preferred where fire/electric hazard are expected. Oil

systems are more prone to fire and electrical hazards and are not recommended
in such applications.
•Pneumatic uses compressed air in Place of hydraulics which uses
fluid power.

•Pneumatic systems are used for low forces and faster motion where
stiffness is not required.

•Installation of this system is less complicated and have less

maintenance cost in place of hydraulic system.

•In this system draw air from the atmosphere and just a filter required
to purify it.

•Because gases can be compressed there can be delay in the movement

in place of hydraulics because liquids are not very cmpressible.

• Gases are readily compressible have very low specific mass and do
not have free space.
 COMPONENTS

Pneumatic acctuator
A Pneumatic actuator mainly consists of a
piston or a diaphragm which develops the
motive power. It keeps the air in the upper
portion of the cylinder, allowing air pressure
to force the diaphragm or piston to move the
valve stem or rotate the valve control element.

SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER TELESCOPIC CYLINDER

Direction Control Valve

MANUALLY OPERATED SOLENOID OPERATED

QUICK EXHAUST VALVE

PRESSURE RELEIF VALVE FILTER REGULATOR LUBRICATOR

FRL UNIT
AIR RECEIVER AFTER COOLER
COMPRESSOR
•A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas or air
by reducing its volume.
Compressors are similar to pump both increases the pressure of fluid
and air and can transport through a pipe. Air compressors work by forcing
air into a container and pressurizing it. Then, the air is forced through an
opening in the tank, where pressure builds up. Think of it like an open
balloon: the compressed air can be used as energy as it's released.

Air compressors have many uses, including: supplying high-

pressure clean air to fill gas cylinders, supplying moderate-
pressure clean air to a submerged surface supplied diver, supplying
moderate-pressure clean air for driving some office and school building
pneumatic HVAC control system valves.

Basically in pneumatics two types of compressors are used positive

displacement compressors and non positive displacement
compressors.
TYPES OF COMPRESSOR
SINGLE ACTING COMPRESSOR DOUBLE ACTING COMPRESSOR
AIR COMPRESSOR
INDUSTRIAL PUMPS
A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes
slurries, by mechanical action, typically converted from electrical energy
into Hydraulic energy. ... Pumps operate by some mechanism (typically
reciprocating or rotary), and consume energy to perform mechanical work
moving the fluid.
PRINCIPLE
A pump is used to move fluids by using forces like air. Air moves forward
from the way because the moving element starts to move. Generally, these
are activated with electric motors that drive a compressor. Thus, a partial
vacuum can be created because of the water movement, later it is filled
with additional air.
PUMP EFFICIENCY
Pump efficiency is defined as the ratio of water horsepower output from
the pump to the shaft horsepower input for the pump. ... The efficiency of a
particular pump is estimated by determining two values. These values
are pump flow rate and total head.
 TYPES OF PUMPS
Pumps

Others (e.g. Positive

Dynamic Impulse, Buoyancy) Displacement

Centrifugal Special effect Rotary Reciprocating

Internal External Slide

Lobe
gear gear vane
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP NON POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
INDUSTRIAL
PUMP
PLC BASED ELECTRO PNEUMATIC TRAINING KIT