1.

2 Basic Arithmetic Operations involving Integers (Brackets, Addition, Subtraction,

Multiply & Divide)

 When performing a computation involving combined operations of integers, follow

the order of operations below.

BODMAS
B = Bracket ()
0 = Orders
D = Divide ÷
M = Multiply x
A = Addition +
S = Subtraction –

Example:
Solve each of the following:
(a) -4 x (-3 + 1)
(b) 7 + 2(-3)
(c) 8 - 16 ÷ (-2) + (-1)
−10 + (−14)
(d) 4− (−2)

Solution:
(a) -4 x (-3 + 1)
= -4 x (-2)
(b) 7 + 2(-3)
=8 =7 + 2 x (-3)
=7 +(-6)
−10 + (−14)
(c) 8 - 16 ÷ (-2) + (-1) (d)
=7-6 4− (−2)
=8 – (-8) + 1 (Calculate divide first) =1 −10−14
=8 + 8 + 1 =
4+2
=17 −24
=
6

= -4
Evaluate each of the following:
(a) –52 ÷ 13 – 15 × 4
(b) 63 ÷ (16 – 7) × (–2)
(c) –30 + 9 × 7 – 16
(d) -12 + (-2) + 2 – (-6)
(e) 24 – 6 – (2 + 4)
(f) 42 ÷ 7 x (16-7)
20+(−2 x 5)
(g) −10−(−5)

−30 + (12−6)
(h) −12−12

1.3 Positive and Negative fractions

 Denominator must be the same before performing addition and subtraction.

Numerator
(pengangka)
1
64
Denominator
(penyebut)
  How do you perform computations involving combined basic arithmetic operations
of positive and negative fractions?
Example:
2 2 5
(a) 1 3 × ( 5 - 6) (operation in the brackets is performed first)
5 12−25
=3 × ( 30
) (convert mixed fraction to improper fraction)
5 13
=3 × (− 30) (solve multiplication operation)
13
= − 18

5 1 5
(b) + 23 ÷ −9
8
5 7 9 5 9
=8 + 3 × − 5
(convert mixed fraction and change ÷ to × and the reciprocal of − 9 is − 5)
5 21
=8 + − 5
25+(−168)
= 40
25−168
= 40
143
=− 40

1.4 Positive and Negative Decimals

 How to represent positive and negative decimals on a number line?

Representation of decimals on a number line is the same as that of integers and

fractions.
Positive decimals are decimals more than zero whereas negative decimals are
decimals less than zero.
 How do you compare and arrange positive and negative decimals in order?
The values of two or more decimals can be compared and arranged in ascending order
or descending order.

Example:
Compare and arrange the following decimals in descending order.
2.8, 0.5, -1.85, 2.0, 0.2
Descending order are 2.8, 2.0, 0.5, 0.2, -1.85
Ascending order are -1,85, 0.2, 0.5, 2.0, 2.8

 How do you perform computations involving combined basic arithmetic operations

of positive and negative decimals?
Example:
(a) -0.5 + (-1.5) × 0.3
=-0.5 + (-0.45) (multiplication is performed first)
=-0.5 – 0.45
=–0.95

(b) 4.8 – (-4.85 + 3.9)

=4.8 – (-0.95) (solve in the brackets first)
=4.8 + 0.95
=5.75

(c) 10 – (-2.5 + 1.5) ÷0.5

=10 – (-1) ÷0.5 (solve in the brackets first and followed by multiplication)
=10 + 1 ÷0.5
=10 + 2
=12