ASSIGNMENT 2: BUILDING UTILITIES – PLUMBING

National Plumbing Code of the Philippines (RA 1378)

WATER STORAGE
GENERAL TERMS
1.1 WATER SOURCE
CONTAMINATION – an impairment of the quality of the potable water which creates an actual hazard to
the public health through poisoning or spread of disease by sewage, industrial fluids or waste. Also, defined
as High Hazard.
HIGH HAZARD - (CONTAMINATION) - an impairment of the quality of the potable water which creates an
actual hazard to the public health through poisoning or spread of disease by sewage, industrial fluids or
waste. Also, defined as High Hazard.
LOW HAZARD (POLLUTION) - an impairment of the quality of the water to a degree which creates hazard
to the public health and adversely affects the aesthetic and potable quality of waters for domestic use.
POTABLE WATER – Water satisfactory for drinking, culinary and domestic purposes and meets the
requirements of the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water.
GROUND WATER – the water that stands in or passes through the ground.
SURFACE WATER – that portion of rainfall or other precipitation which runs off over the surface of the
ground.
WATER TREATMENT – a device which conditions or treats water supply to improve water quality, remove
suspended solids by filtration.
1.2 WATER STORAGE
1.3 WATER SUPPLY
MAIN – any system of continuous piping, which is the principal artery of the system where branches are
connected.
CORPORATION COCK – a stop valve placed at the connection of the water
service pipe to the water main.
 GOOSENECK – a return bend of small-sized pipe, one end of which is about
30 cm. long and the other end is about 7. 5 cm. long. It is commonly used as a
faucet for a pantry sink. Also, the term means the flexible tubing connection
between a service pipe and a water main.

SERVICE PIPE – the pipe from the street water main or other source of waler supply to the building served.
WATER DISTRIBUTING PIPE – a pipe which conveys potable water from the building supply pipe to the
plumbing fixtures and other water outlets.
BRANCH – any part of the piping system other than a main, riser or stack
FIXTURE BRANCH – the water supply pipe between the fixture supply pipe and the water-distributing pipe.
HORIZONTAL PIPE – is any pipe or fitting installed in a horizontal position or which forms an angle of not
more than forty-five (45) degrees with the horizontal plane.
VERTICAL PIPE – any pipe or fitting installed in a vertical position or which forms an angle of not more
than forty-five (45) degrees with the vertical line.
BRANCH INTERVAL –a length of soil or waste stack corresponding in general to a story height, but in no
case less than 2.43 meters within which the horizontal branches from one floor or story of a building are
connected to the stack
FIXTURE SUPPLY –a water supply pipe connecting the fixture with the fixture branch.
RISER – a water supply pipe, which extends vertically to one full story or more to convey water into pipe
branches or plumbing fixtures.
BIBB – synonymous with faucet, cock, tap, plug, etc. The word "faucet" is preferred.
FAUCET –- a valve located at the end of a water pipe through of which water can be drawn from or held
within the pipe.
SPIGOT – the end of a pipe which fits into a bell. Also, a word used synonymously with faucet.
EFFECTIVE OPENING – -is the minimum cross-sectional area at the point of water supply discharge
measured or expressed in terms of: (1) diameter of a circle; (2) if the opening is not circular, the diameter of
a circle of equivalent cross-sectional area. (This is applicable also to air gap installation.)
FLOOD LEVEL –the level in a fixture at which water begins to overflow occur the top or rim of the fixture.
CRITICAL LEVEL –C-L or C/L marking on a backflow prevention device or vacuum breaker is a point
conforming to approved standards and established by the testing laboratory (usually stamped on the device
by the manufacturer) which determines the minimum elevation above the flood level rim of the fixture or
receptable served where the device may be installed. When a backflow prevention device does not bear a
critical level marking, the bottom of the vacuum breaker, combination valve or the bottom of any such
approved device shall constitute the critical level.
FLOOD LEVEL RIM –is the top edge of a receptacle from where water overflows.
FLOODED –a fixture is flooded when the liquid therein rises to the flood level rim.
PRESSURE –the normal force exerted by a homogeneous liquid or gas, per unit of area on the wall of the
container
STATIC PRESSURE –the pressure existing without any flow motion.
RESIDUAL PRESSURE –the pressure available at the fixture or water outlet; allowance is made
for pressure drop due to friction loss, head, meter and other losses in the system during maximum
demand period.
RESEARCH
WATER SOURCES IN THE PHILIPPINES
Angat Dam – is a concrete water reservoir embankment hydroelectric dam that supplies the Manila
metropolitan area water. It was a part of the Angat-Ipo-La Mesa water system. The reservoir supplies about
90 percent of raw water requirements for Metro Manila through the facilities of the Metropolitan Waterworks
and Sewerage System and it irrigates about 28,000 hectares of farmland in the provinces of Bulacan and
Pampanga.
Angat Dam is located in Barangay San Lorenzo (Hilltop), Norzagaray, Bulacan. It supplies potable water to
Metro Manila and powers a hydro-electric power plant. The dam is 131 meters high and impounds water
from the Angat River that subsequently created the Angat Lake. Angat dam has a normal high-water level
of 210 meters, according to the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration (Pagasa). It has three gates opening a total of 1.5 meters to gradually release water that had
accumulated due to incessant rains during typhoons. In comparison, Ipo Dam, which is downstream from
Angat dam, has three gates and the 100.8 meters is its normal high-water level. Ambuklao dam on the
other hand, has two gates with the normal high-water level (NHWL) of 752 meters. Binga dam which sits
downstream from Ambuklao has three gates and the NHWL of 575 meters. San Roque dam, which was
receiving water from Ambuklao and Binga, has the NHWL of 280 meters. Angat dam supplies potable
water and energy to Metro Manila and nearby areas. Surrounded by lush greens, this place is also ideal for
fishing, boating and hunting.
La Mesa Watershed – The La Mesa Watershed Reservation is a protected area that preserves the only
major watershed in Metro Manila, Philippines. Also known as the Novaliches Watershed, it contains the last
remaining rainforest of its size in Metro Manila surrounding the La Mesa Dam and Reservoir, the primary
source of potable drinking water for 12 million residents in the Manila metropolitan area. The area is under
the joint administration, supervision and control of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
and the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System. It was established in 2007 through Proclamation
No. 1336 issued by President Gloria Arroyo.
The La Mesa Watershed encompasses an area of 2,659 hectares (6,570 acres) in the northern fringes of
Quezon City, Caloocan and Rodriguez, Rizal. It is situated on a flat-topped hill or mesa at the foot of the
southern Sierra Madre Mountain range west of the Marikina Valley. It is about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) north
from the center of Quezon City in Diliman, and some 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast from the center of
Manila in Rizal Park.
The highest elevation in Quezon City is in the watershed's northern tip at 250 metres (820 ft) above sea
level. It centers on the 700-hectare (1,700-acre) La Mesa Dam and Reservoir in Novaliches, an artificial
lake which was created in 1929 as part of Manila's Ipo–Novaliches–San Juan water system under the
American colonial government. The surrounding 2,000-hectare (4,900-acre) forest contains more than 50
kilometres (31 mi) of nature trails and serves as the lungs of Metro Manila, providing it with clean air. It also
contains the 33-hectare (82-acre) ecological park known as the La Mesa Eco Park. This park located at the
southern edges of the watershed in East Fairview is administered by the Quezon City Parks Development
and Administration Department and was opened in 2003.
The Tullahan River which passes through Malabon and Navotas starts from the La Mesa Watershed
Reservation. It flows until the Manila Bay.
Bangui Ilocos Norte Windmill – Bangui Wind Farm is a wind farm in Bangui, Ilocos Norte, Philippines. The
wind farm uses 20 units of 70-meter (230 ft) high Vestas V82 1.65 MW wind turbines, arranged in a single
row stretching along a 9-kilometer (5.6 mi) shoreline off Bangui Bay, facing the West Philippine Sea.
Phase I of the North Wind power project in Bangui Bay consisted of 15 of those wind turbines, each with a
maximum production capacity of 1.65 MW of electric power, making a total of 24.75 MW. These 15 on-
shore turbines are spaced 326 meters (1,070 ft) apart, each 70 meters (230 ft) high, with 41 meters (135 ft)
long blades, with a rotor diameter of 82 meters (269 ft) and a wind-swept area of 5,281 square meters
(56,840 sq ft).
Phase II was completed on August 2008, and added five more of the same wind turbines, bringing the total
maximum capacity to 33 MW.
Ayala Corporation energy platform AC Energy, which already holds the controlling shares in Bangui Wind
Farm as of 2021, has announced its intent to acquire 100% of the shares of North Wind in order to boost
their renewable energy portfolio, pending approvals from oversight entities like the Philippine Competition
Commission.
Laguna Geothermal Plant (Makban Geothermal Power Complex) – Makban Geothermal Power Complex is
located on the border between Laguna and Batangas provinces. It is the fourth biggest geothermal power
facility in the world, with an output capacity of 458MW. Owned by a subsidiary of Aboitiz Power, the
complex consists of six power plants. The geothermal site covers an area of 700ha and has been in
operation since 1979.
Ma. Cristina Falls – Maria Cristina Falls is a waterfall of the Agus River in the Northern Mindanao region of
the Philippines. It is sometimes called the "twin falls" as the flow is separated by a rock at the brink of the
waterfall. It is a landmark of Iligan City, nicknamed the City of Majestic Waterfalls, because of the presence
of more than 20 waterfalls in the city. It is located 9.3 kilometers away southwest of the city proper at the
boundaries of Barangays Maria Cristina, Ditucalan, and Buru-un. Known for its natural grandeur, the 321.5
feet (98 meters) high waterfall is also the primary source of electric power for the city's industries, being
harnessed by the Agus VI Hydroelectric Plant.
Maria Cristina Falls powers the Agus VI Hydroelectric Plant, one of the several hydroelectric plants that
harness Agus River. The power plant has a 200 MW potential capacity supplied by a water flow of about
130 cubic meters per second.
Agus VI is operated by the National Power Corporation and was commissioned on May 31, 1953. Under
President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's Mindanao Super Region development plan, the Agus VI is planned to
undergo a 1.856-billion-peso upgrading project.
Water service
Level 1 – Water comes from deep well
Level 2 – Water comes from Communal Faucet system ( poso)
Level 3 – Individual Water works