11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Introduction to the
Philosophy of the Human
Person
Quarter 2 – Module 4a:
The Human Person In Society:
The Formation of and Kinds Of Society
Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 4a: The Human Person In Society: The Formation of and
Kinds of Society
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis- Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Jamaica R. Quisil
Writers:
Maria Eula Pauline A. Elumir Gemma F.
Editors:
Depositario,Ed.D.
Reviewers:
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James B. Caramonte
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO VRosela R. Abiera Fay C.
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 11

Introduction to
the Philosophy
of the Human
Person
Quarter 2 – Module 3:
The Human Person In Society:
The Formation of and Kinds of
Society
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person - 11

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on The Human Person In Society:
The Formation of and Kinds of Society!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the
teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
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This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
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In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
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This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person 11

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on The Human Person In Society:
The Formation of and Kinds of Society!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource
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process what you learned from the lesson.
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skill
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 This is a task which aims to evaluate your
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Assessment
competency.
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Additional Activities the
lesson learned.
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developing this module.

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 What I Need to Know

 Recognize how individuals form societies and how individuals are

MOST ESSENTIAL
transformed LEARNING
by societies. PPT11/12-IIf-7.1COMPETENCY:

 Compare different forms of societies and individualities (e.g.

Agrarian, industrial and virtual). PPT11/12-IIg-7.2

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

 Define the concept of society;

 Create a timeline on the development of the forms of society;and
 Show appreciation of how people have been transformed by societies through
recognizing how individuals form societies

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 What I Know

IDENTIFICATION:

Directions: Read each statement below and identify the concept described in each
number. Write your answers in your activity notebook.

1. This is an organized group of people whose members

interact frequently and have a common territory and culture.
2. These are a set of traits and behaviour that society considers
acceptable and are encouraged and passed on to other members.
3. This is an organized or patterned set of relationships among individuals
and groups that compose a society.
4. These are actions or things that are considered important by society.
5. This society is based on knowledge, information, and the sale
of services.
6. This society is based on the ownership of land.
7. The earliest and simplest form of society.
8. This society features large-scale and long term cultivation of crops and
domestication of animals.
9. This society primarily relies on the domestication of animals for food.
10. This society has given rise to the virtual society.

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 What’s In

Picture Analysis

(Photos taken from pinterest.com & researchgate.net)

Guide
Question:
1. What can you say about the picture? Write your answer in your activity notebook.
2. Can you relate your present living condition to the pictures? Why?

Let’s Ponder
Direction: Describe yourself in relation to the following. Complete the following
statements.

In my family, I am the...

My family has made me...

In my school, I consider myself...

In my community, I am a...

My community has enabled me to...

1. How has your family defined you as a person?

2. In what way has your school and community influence your growth?
3. In what way do you see yourself making a significant contribution
to society?

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 What’s New

Directions: Read and answer the statements below. Write your answers
in your activity notebook.
1. How would you define society?
2. Why do people organize and form societies?
3. What are the factors or influences that drive human beings to establish
societies?

What is It

What is society? What drives human beings to establish societies?

Have you ever pondered how your world has defined you? Have you ever
thought about your place in this world and among the people you interact with every
day? Have you ever reflected on how your presence has affected the world around
you?
The human person exists to relate with others. The person, is by nature, a
social being because he or she has a tendency to go out of himself or herself to form
bonds and relationships with others. Throughout a person’s life, he or she
experiences a variety of relationships that help shape him or her as a person.
Infants, first related with their immediate family and guardians as the source of basic
needs. As they grow, they expand their horizons and start relating with people who
are not part of their immediate family. They establish friendships beginning in their
childhood and into their teenage and adult years. They also learn how to deal with
other figures of authority aside from their parents or guardians. As we grow into
adulthood, our relationships and responsibilities also change because we play more
significant roles in the communities we live in.
Our freedom gives us the opportunity to pursue various activities to achieve
our goals and attain well-being or happiness. As we live our lives and expand our
experiences, we also encounter other people who are acting in similar ways.
However, the pursuit of our goals is made easier by the fact that we do not need to
do our activities alone, that we can live our life and pursue our happiness with other
people by our side.
The tendency to form groups is not exclusive to human beings. Other animals
also form groups for mutual protection and survival. Humans, however, are the only
beings capable of establishing a society, which is an organized group of people
whose members interact frequently and have a common territory and culture.
Society

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also refers to a companionship or friendly association with others, an alliance, a
community, or a union.
Philosophers consider society the product of deliberate actions by individuals
who come together in pursuit of a common goal. Society is considered unique
among all other groups because of the nature of the humans that compose it, as well
as the relationships among its members. As individual persons, members of society
are able to transform themselves and attain development through their interactions
within society. In turn, humans are also able to influence society through their
actions.
Society also makes it possible for the emergence of certain individualities. The
survival of a human being is essentially rooted in society and human relations. If
there is no family to take care of an infant, the infant will eventually die. As the
individual grows, he or she begins to experience life outside the home and begins to
interact with other people in different settings. This also leads the person to form
other relationships or groups, such as establishing friendships in school or at places
of work. Society and its various aspects provide support that ensures the
development of a human person. For instance, your education first starts at home
with your family members teaching you the rudiments of speech, reading, and
writing. This education continues and is further developed as you go to school and
interact with other children, your teachers, and other people in school. When you
finish your basic education, society has already equipped you with knowledge and
skills that enable you to effectively interact with your society as a productive
individual. Society also provides you opportunities to further your growth in the
coming years. An evident influence of society on individuals is the emergence of
specific traits and characteristics unique to a certain society which are manifested by
its members. For example, we Filipinos value our ties with family members. This is
seen in our practice of taking care of our elderly family members. Many of us prefer
to have our elders live in our homes so we can take care of them directly and
continue to interact with them. Western countries, however, give more emphasis on
independence and individuality rather than family ties. Therefore, it is a common
practice for Western families to send their elderly to retirement homes. In Western
culture, parents also expect their children to move out of their homes once they have
graduated from high school. Filipino parents, on the other hand, continue to support
their children and even allow them to live even into adulthood.

What are the different forms of societies?

The development of societies throughout history shows the development of

humankind in response to changing surroundings and historical developments. The
various forms of societies that emerged include the following:

Hunting and gathering society – This is recognized as the earliest and

simplest form of society. It is generally characterized by its small size and is
composed mainly of families. They are nomadic because they spend most of their

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time searching for food and thus, have no permanent territory. The hierarchy in this
type of society is not very varied. Its members are generally treated equally and
decisions are made

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through a consensus. Because of this, the role of its members and the division of
labor is not very clearly defined.

Pastoral society – This type of society is characterized by the domestication

of animals for food for a more stable and predictable food supply. Pastoral
communities have larger populations than hunting and gathering societies and
remain longer in one place. In addition, pastoral societies often produce surplus food
and resources, which they trade with other societies. This relative prosperity enables
the people to engage in other activities apart from those necessary for survival, such
as handicrafts. This eventually leads to the emergence of specialized tasks in the
community.

Horticultural society – A horticultural society primarily engages in the small-

scale cultivation of plants, fruits, and vegetables and the domestication of animals.
Horticultural societies are semi-nomadic, which means that they travel to another
place when they have already depleted the resources in one area. In this society,
roles and responsibilities are more clearly defined with many tasks assigned
according to gender. Similar to the pastoral society, there is also a surplus of goods,
which sometimes leads to inequalities among its members.

In early societies, the individuals were often very family-oriented, and their
behaviors and actions were restricted by tradition. The assignment of tasks and
occupations were often based on gender, with women doing mostly domestic work in
the home, while the men engage in hunting and farming.

Agrarian or agricultural society – This type of society is a further evolution

of the pastoral and horticultural societies. Agriculture is involved in the large-scale
and long-term cultivation of crops and domestication of animals. This society is
characterized by improved technology and the use of tools to aid in farming.
Improved technology and farming methods result in increased production, giving rise
to a growing population in agricultural societies to a more structured social system
that helps manage resources and its members. The increasingly complex social
organization and growing importance of territory often result in conflicts among
neighboring societies over resources and land.

Feudal society – A feudal society is based on the ownership of land. Feudal

societies arouse out of developments in western Europe during Medieval time, when
kingdoms were engaged in conflict over resources, particularly land. In a feudal
society, rules grant their followers or vassals the right to manage parcels of land.
These vassals, in turn, are served by peasant workers who cultivate the land and
tend to the animals in the farms. In return for their services, they are provided with
military protection. Members of society are organized based on status. Those who
own land are considered the most powerful and influential members of society, while
the peasants are considered the lowest group. Social relations are characterized

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by

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dependence. The lord depends on his vassals to provide him with resources, the
vassals depend on the peasants for their service, while the peasants depend on their
vassal protection.
An agrarian and feudal society gives rise to individuals who value relations
among family members and with other members in the community. People are often
very conscious of their place within society and are mindful of the hierarchy. People
who belong to the “higher classes” are treated with respect by the members of the
community. They are often traditional and are resistant to social change, preferring
to maintain the way things are in their community.

Industrial society – An industrial society is based on the use of specialized

machinery in the production of goods and services. The advances in science and
technology in the late 18 th century resulted in the Industrial Revolution, which in turn
gave rise to new production and industrial methods, as well as innovations in
transportation and communication. These technological advances resulted in
improved trade and commerce and better life conditions, for many people. Work is
done in factories and public education is more prevalent. However, the emergence of
industrial societies is characterized by greater inequalities in wealth, power, and
influence. Industrial societies are often defined by nature of work and the prevailing
industry in an area. The capitalists or business owners are considered the most
influential. This type of society is also characterized by cultural diversity and the
presence of bureaucratic forms of organization.
An industrial society is a significant departure from the agrarian society, as
many of the relations are not family or community-based. An important factor in
social relations is the workplace, and people often interact with individuals who do
not come from the same family, clan, or community. Impersonal relationships prevail
among individuals. The difference between social groups is even more marked and
is defined by access to economic resources and prosperity. Alienation is common in
industrial societies, as people are often seen as resources.

Post – Industrial society – The post-industrial society is marked by the

establishment of societies based on knowledge, information, and the sale of
services. Led by the human mind and aided by highly advanced technology, the
trend has shifted from industry to the generation, storage, manipulation, and sale of
information. Information influences the behavior of people and has thus become a
very important commodity in the post-industrial society. Members of this society have
higher educational attainment, better training, and specialized roles. The virtual
society, where people organize themselves through communication technology and
the Internet, is a product of post-industrial society. Individuals in a virtual society
often engage in complex relationships. They often have fluid identities and do not
necessarily subscribe to certain norms or established standards of behavior. The
freedom allowed in virtual worlds means that a person is able to engage in various
activities, as well as access various kinds of information.

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 The growth and development of the various forms of societies highlight the
growing complexity of human interactions over time. The technological advances
and cultural changes that brought about these changes result in the expansion of
communities that now include people from varied ethnicities. These developments
have led to innovations in human interactions such as language and the
establishment of governments. Many countries around the world are industrial
societies, and a number of developed countries have evolved into post-industrial and
virtual societies. But despite these advancements and changes, the human person
still remains the heart and center of society. The person is the primary agent of
change, as he or she drives social changes based on responses to events and
developments affecting society.

How does society influence our development as persons?

What makes us a Filipino? Being born in the Philippines is not our choice, but
as we grow up in Philippine society, we begin to adopt the traits, traditions, and
characteristics that distinguish Filipino culture. We learn to speak our mother
languages through our interactions with other individuals and institutions that we
learn how to behave appropriately, what beliefs and traditions to practice, and what
ideas and perspectives to consider acceptable. All these come together to define our
identity not only as persons, but as members of Philippine society.
It can be said that you cannot think of a person outside of society and you
cannot think of a society without persons. The person and the society have a very
dynamic relationship in which one cannot exist without the other. Because of
this reality, it is important to consider society’s role in the growth and development of
a person, and the person’s role in transforming society.
Society influences our development as persons in various ways. Society
is the backdrop by which we adopt the prevailing culture, identity, values, ideas, and
knowledge of the persons, groups, and communities that surround us. Think of the
various groups and institutions in society that have contributed to your identity as a
person. Your interactions with your family, friends, schoolmates, teachers, and other
people in your community have left inedible marks on your identity. Society shapes
all individuals that are part of it, though each person is influenced by society in
different ways.
An important way that society influences us is its ability to define the
relationships and interactions among its members. Society influences the
interactions of its members through the establishment of norms, which are a set of
traits and behavior that society considers acceptable, and are thus encouraged and
passed on to other members.
When you meet a person for the first time or when someone is introduced to
you, what do you do? The first thing that comes to your mind is to say “Hello!” or
“nice to meet you!” Some will offer a handshake to the other person as a greeting. A
handshake is a simple gesture, but it shows how society expects us to behave when
we are with other people. Ever since you were a child, you have been constantly

1
reminded to greet your elders respectfully. Filipinos have a unique gesture to greet
and show respect to elders: the mano or pagmamano.
Let’s imagine that when you are told to greet or give respect to your elders,
you refuse to do so. What do you think will be the reaction of the people around you?
Surely, your actions will be considered disrespectful and you will be considered a
disrespectful person. When members of a society do not conform to established
norms, they often experience negative consequences, such as punishment or social
stigma. Norms are one of the ways that society regulates the behavior and
interactions of its members and establishes and maintains social order.
Think of the rules established by your family and school. Why do you think
these rules are put in place? What happens when these rules are violated? How
have these rules influenced your behavior?
Society, through the establishment of norms, can also influence knowledge
and ideas. For instance, if the traffic light flashes red, what does it mean? We all
know that the red light means stop, but who established that the color red will be a
universal signal for STOP on the road? We have learned to accept the statement
“the read traffic light means stop” as truth because society has established that fact
and we have been exposed to it since we were young. Now, imagine that tomorrow,
the traffic signals get switched – red now means go, green means caution, and
yellow means stop. What do you think will happen in the streets? Now, think of all
the rules and traditions that have been in place in our society for a long time. How
have these rules influenced our knowledge? What rule in our society would result in
chaos if it were changed? Laws are more formal and stringent norms that establish
and define acceptable behavior of citizens. Folkways are less formal norms that
arise from tradition and do not result in punishment when violated.
Norms, laws, and other rules that regulate human interactions give rise to a
social system, which is an organized or patterned set of relationships among
individuals and groups that compose a society. Members of society act and interact
with an established social system. Each member is assigned a social role, which
are actions and behaviors expected for a certain individual. Individuals who share
similar backgrounds or perform similar roles are grouped together into social
groups and social classes. Certain groups that perform vital functions in society
are recognized as social institutions, and these include the family, school,
government, and religion. Our lives are a continuous interaction with different social
classes, groups, and social institutions. These relationships contribute to shaping our
view of the world and defining, our identity. A well-functioning social system where all
members, groups, and institutions work in harmony will ensure that society remains
harmonious and continues to uphold the welfare of its members.
Society also transforms human relations, which leads to the
transformation of its members. The historical development of society has brought
about significant changes in the way human beings relate to each other. Early
societies were initially centered on the family and the clan. But the emergence of
industrial societies transformed human relations, as interactions in the workplace.
Virtual societies have brought about another great transformation in human relations,

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as improved communication technologies make it possible for people from faraway
places from diverse backgrounds and varied societies to interact and establish close
ties with each other.
Over the course of his or her life, a person will undertake various social roles
as he or she continually interacts with other members of society. An individual is not
just a member of a family, he or she is also a neighbor, a citizen, a worker, and
member of organization, group, or religion. These roles entail sets of responsibilities
that the person must undertake. As the person navigates through various roles in
society, his or her relationship with other people also change. Throughout our life, we
undergo changes in the way we relate with the people in our lives. When we were
children, we were very close to our parents and family members. But as we grow up
and our social circle expands, our interactions now include our friends, schoolmates,
workmates, and other acquaintances. Adults also experience change in their roles
and expectations as they become breadwinners and take on additional
responsibilities. Taking on adult roles often mean that many of the bonds established
during the earlier years will have to change. It is possible that you have lost contact
with your childhood friends because of some changes that happened in your life. As
you lose friends and acquaintances, you also gain new ones over time.
Our various roles in society also change the way we relate to people. In our
family, we may relate more closely to our parents, siblings, and relatives. In school,
however, we may not treat our classmates and teachers like our family. A person
may be the head of the family in his or her home and he or she takes charge of
making decisions in the household. But when this person goes to work, he or she
may no longer find himself in a decision-making role, since he or she may no longer
find himself or herself in a decision-making role, he or she is merely an employee.
When a person gets elected to an important post in the government, he or she
should no longer treat members of his or her family or community in a preferential
manner, but should now strive to treat all members of the community equally.
Another way society shapes us is through social values, which are actions or
ideals that are considered important by society. Values such as cooperation,
obedience to the law, concern for others, and respect for others are considered vital
to maintaining an orderly society. A society that upholds positive social values will
influence its members to uphold these positive values. On the other hand, a society
that is defined by negative values will, in turn, produce individuals who embody these
negative values.
Other aspects of society that contribute to the formation of the individual
include language, religion, and historical events. Compare your beliefs and ideas
with those of your parents or elders. In some cases, you will have similar views since
you belong to the same family, but you will differ in some of your ideas, beliefs, and
views. One reason for this is that you have gone through different life experiences.
Your parents and elders were born to an earlier generation and have thus gone
through some experiences that you will never encounter. In the same way, you were
born into a generation that has unique experiences and characteristics. This disparity
in experience and views brings about the “generation gap,” which often leads to

1
conflict

1
among people of different ages when discussing certain topics. But whatever our
differences are, society ensures that we are able to interact in meaningful ways, and
that each member benefits from the relationships they have established with the
people they encounter.

What’s More

Task 1: Complete the table below by identifying the corresponding type of society for
each major event in Philippine society found below. Copy and answer the table in
your activity notebook.

Event Type of Society

Trade with China, Japan, Siam, India,
Cambodia, Borneo and the Moluccas
Spanish Colonization
Martial Law declared by Pres. Ferdinand
Marcos

What I Have Learned

Directions: Reflect on how your relationships and roles in society have changed
throughout your life. Copy the table below and complete it by writing the required
information in your activity notebook.

I often relate to the I performed the

Period
following groups... following roles....

Early Childhood

Elementary

High School

What significant changes have you noticed in your relationships with others
throughout your life? What role did society play in these changes?

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 What I Can Do

CONCEPT MAP

Task 3: Create a concept map associated with the terms: Agrarian Societies,
Industrial Societies, and Virtual Societies. (Choose only one among these three
types of societies, and copy and answer the concept map below in your activity
notebook.

Agrarian/ Industrial/Virtual Society (choose only one of these terms)

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 Assessment

IDENTIFICATION

Directions: Read each statement below and identify the concept described in each
number. Write your answers in your activity notebook.

1. This is an organized group of people whose members

interact frequently and have a common territory and culture.
2. These are a set of traits and behavior that society considers
acceptable and are encouraged and passed on to other members.
3. This is an organized or patterned set of relationships among individuals
and groups that compose a society.
4. These are actions or things that are considered important by society.
5. This society is based on knowledge, information, and the sale
of services.
6. This society is based on the ownership of land.
7. The earliest and simplest form of society.
8. This society features large-scale and long term cultivation of crops and
domestication of animals.
9. This society primarily relies on the domestication of animals for food.
10. This society has given rise to virtual society.

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 Glossary
The following terms used in this module are defined as follows:
Agrarian or agricultural society – a society that features large-scale and long-term
cultivation of crops and domestication of animals.

Feudal society – a society that is based on the ownership of land. In this society,
those who own land are considered most powerful and influential.

Horticultural society – engages in the small- scale cultivation of plants, fruits, and
vegetables and the domestication of animals.

Hunting and gathering society – the earliest and simplest form of society and
generally small in size and is composed of families.

Industrial society – specialized used of machinery in the production of goods and

services.

Norms – are set of traits and behaviour that society considers acceptable and are
encouraged and passed on to other members.

Pastoral society – is characterized by the domestication of animals for food.

Post –Industrial society – based on knowledge, information, and the sale of services.

Social role – are actions and behaviours expected for a certain individual in society.

Social system – is an organized or patterned set of relationships among individuals

and groups that compose a society.

Social values – are actions that considered important by society.

Society – is an organized group of people whose members interact frequently and

have a common territory and culture.

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 Answer Key

References

BOOK
Brenda B. Corpuz, et al., 2016. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human .
Person 776 Aurora Blvd, Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.

TEACHERS GUIDE
Most Essential Learning Competencies

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References

BOOK
Roberto D. Abella, M. Div., D. Min., Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human
Person (Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc., 2016), pages 111 -124.

TEACHER’S GUIDE
Most Essential Learning Competencies
https://sites.google.com/site/connorbrownhistory/evaluation/rubrics-for-projects

ONLINE SOURCES:
Macaranas, B. (n.d.) Retrieved from: http://www.ilera-
directory.org/15thworldcongress/files/papers/Track_4/Poster/CS2T_2_MACARANAS.pdf

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