Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences 12

Department of Education
Region VI, Western Visayas
Division of Capiz
DULANGAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Dulangan Pilar, Capiz
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

MODULE
IN SPECIALIZED SUBJECT

MODULE 1
Defining and Distinguishing Social Sciences:
Disciplines and Fields

Prepared by: Mrs. ROWENA F. HENORGA

Teacher

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 Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences 12

In doing this module, please

follow these reminders:

1. Focus on studying alone. Set

aside those things that could
disturb or distract you.

2. Perform the activities as

suggested.

3. Answer all the exercises.

4. Check your answers against

the Key to Correction.

5. Take the Post Test.

Lesson I: Social Science and Applied Social Science

Activity 1:

What comes to your mind when you read the phrase “ Disciplines of Applied Social
Sciences”? In the space provided below, write down all your ideas.

Activity 2:

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 Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences 12

Look at the following list of subjects. To what cluster of science does this
group of subjects belong? Which of the aforementioned subjects belong to a
subset that represents a direct application of science everyday life or have a clear
focus on applied social sciences?

HISTORY POLITICAL SCIENCE PSYCHOLOGY SOCIOLOGY COUNSELING

ANTHROPOLOGY ECONOMICS SOCIAL WORK COMMUNICATION

DEMOGRAPHY LINGUISTICS

SOCIAL SCIENCES APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES

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 Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences 12

Applied social science is the application of social science theories,

concepts, methods, and finding to problems identified in the wider society (D.
Jary & J. Jary 2000). Using this understanding in the segmentation of social
sciences into distinct disciplines gives rise to the concepts of applied social
sciences that include counseling, social work and communication. However, this
description of applied social science minimizes or even omits the
interdisciplinary aspect that implicit to social science when it is applied. There
can be no social issue that is purely one-dimensional. Different disciplines within
the field of social science bring some unique dimensions to a better
understanding of social phenomena. This means that applied social sciences
cannot afford to be fragmented. Essentially, it has to unify and cut across.

The disciplines of social sciences generally include: anthropology,

economics, sociology, political science, history, criminology, psychology,
geography, and communication studies. The goal of this disciplines is to explain
human behavior in its many cultural forms including the past and the present,
individually or in groups, national and international geopolitical contexts, and to
empower them as democratic participants in a rapidly changing world.

The disciplines of social science taken together provide a substantive

insight to the understanding of society and of the relationship of individual
members and groups within society. The disciplines also study all areas related
to human behavior and society, the institutions and the functioning of human
society as well as dealing with a particular phase or aspect of human society.

Applied social science is an integrated science cutting across and

transcending various social science disciplines in addressing a wide range of
issues in a contemporary, innovative, and dynamic way. It aims at presenting a
well-developed understanding of social systems, social theory, and social policy.

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 Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences 12

It integrates theory, social research, skills and professional experience, and

critical thinking skills necessary to fully address social phenomena.

The focus of applied social science is less fixed and allows for specialisms
in other areas to provide perspectives. It is very important to understand that
applied social science is not an aggregation of various specialized social science
disciplines. It transcends individual specialized social science and finds its true
essence through active engagement with the larger society in action. It is praxis.
In this worktext, three of the applied social sciences are emphasized to
demonstrate how theories and concepts drawn from other disciplines can e
brought together to bear one discipline in applied sense: counseling, social
work, and communication.

Relationship between Social Sciences and Applied Sciences

Social sciences are more specific and focused on a distinct facet of a

social phenomenon while applied social science attempts to focus on a distinct
issue but use insights arising from various social science disciplines. While social
science may explore broadly their distinct disciplines, some of their input may
easily become applied while others may remain theoretical. When social science
theories, concepts, methods, and findings gain application to problems
identified in the wider society, then applied social science is achieved. Social
science are described as generators of knowledge about social world to cause
understanding. Applied social sciences transcend this level though remain
essentially providers of focus.

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 Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences 12

Activity 3:

A. Go online and search for the meaning of the phrases “ Social Science” and
“ Applied Social Science”. Compare definitions and the listings that are
generated.

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B. Ask your family or someone close to you at home if they know some applied
social science workers in your community. Do you know some social worker,
registered guidance counselor, or someone working in the media like radio o
television? Described the work of those professionals you know.

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 Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences 12

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Activity 4:

A. Write the definition of social science and applied social sciences.

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B. Explain the relationship between the discipline of social sciences and the
discipline of applied social sciences.

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 Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences 12

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C. Using a T-Chart, make a list of social sciences and another list for applied
social sciences.

A. Research on the communities affected by the Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda). How

did the different applied social scientists help the affected communities recover?
What did the counselors, social workers, and media professionals (such as
journalists) do? How did the affected communities benefit from the applied social
scientists? Support your answers with factual information.

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 Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences 12

Lesson II. COUNSELING

Activity 1

Recall what you have learned in Lesson 1. In the space provided, write
using your own words a brief definition or description of counseling as an
applied social science.

Activity 2
We are facing crisis nowadays due to the pandemic (COVID19). What do
you think constituted this crisis? Who did you approach during this trying times?
How does it make you feel? Share your insights below.

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 Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences 12

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The Discipline of Counseling is a relationship characterized by the

application of one or more psychological theories and recognized set of
communication skills appropriate to a client’s intimate concerns, problems,
aspirations (Feltham & Dryden 1993). These clients are individuals or group in a
demoralized, distressed, or in the negative state of mind about the situation or
context. I
Counseling is defined as a process of guiding a person during a stage of life
when reassessments or decisions have to be made about him/herself and his/her
life course (Sampa, 2017 p. 11)-It is a purposeful, private conversation arising from
the intention of one person (couple or family) to reflect on and resolve a problem
in living, and the willingness of another person to assist in that endeavour
(McLeod,2013 p. 7). Counselors are professionally trained and certified to
perform counseling. Their job is to provide advice or guidance in decision -
making in emotionally significant situations by helping clients explore and

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 Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences 12

understand their worlds and discover better ways and well-informed choices in
resolving an emotional or interpersonal problem.
As a discipline, it is allied to psycho;logy and deals with normal responses
to normal life events which may sometimes create stress for some people who,
in turn, choose to ask help and support. Counseling is generally a non-clinical
intervention.
Counseling is widely considered the heart of the guidance services in
schools. It helps clients understand and clarify their views of their life space and
to learn to reach their self-determined goals through meaningful, well-informed
choices and through resolution or problems of an emotional or interpersonal
nature (Burks & Steffire 1979)
Counseling also utilizes appraisal and assessment to aid counseling by
gathering information about clients through the use of psychological tests and
non-psychometric devices. Psychometrics is a branch of psychology that deals
with the design, administration, and interpretation of quantitative tests for the
measurement of psychological variables such as intelligence, aptitude, interests,
and personality traits.

Goals and Scope of Counseling

Counseling is aimed at empowering a client. The general goal is to lead an
individual client or group to self-emancipation in relation to a felt problem. At
some stage in the process, the client should attain insight and understanding of
oneself, achieve better self-awareness and look at oneself with increased self-
acceptance and appreciation, and be able to manage oneself positively.
The scope of counseling is wide. Essentially, it involves application of some
psychological theories and recognized communication skills. It does not deal
with clinical cases such as mental illness. It is a professional relationship that
requires an eventual closure and termination of the counselee-counselor
relationship.

Principles of Counseling
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 Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences 12

The principles of counseling can be found in the basic process of

counseling since they govern each and every step: developing trust; exploring
problem areas; helping to set goals; empowering into action; helping to
maintain change; and agreeing when to end (Velleman 2001). Counselors are to
set aside their own value system in order to empathize with their clients. Since
the objective of counseling is to provide support in dealing with issues of
concern, counseling is effective when it is performed with clear objectives that
include providing some degree of advice, reassurance, release of emotional
tension, clarified thinking, and reorientation. Counselors. must try to keep this
principle in mind at all tines in order to be effective.

Advice.

Counseling may involve advice-giving as one of the several functions that

counselors perform. When this is done, the requirement is that a counselor
makes judgments about a counselee’s problems and lays out options for a
course of action. Advice-giving has to avoid breeding a relationship in which the
counselee feels inferior and emotionally dependent on the counselor.

Reassurance.

Counseling involves providing clients with reassurance, which is a way of

giving them courage to face a problem or confidence that they are pursuing a
suitable course of action. Reassurance is a valuable principle because it can bring
about a sense of relief that may empower a client to function normally again.

Release of emotional tension.

Counseling provides clients the opportunity to get emotional release from

their pent-up frustrations and other personal issues. Counseling experience

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 Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences 12

shows that as persons begin to explain their concerns to a sympathetic listener,

their tensions begin to subside. They become more relaxed and tend to become
more coherent and rational. The release of tensions helps remove mental blocks
by providing a solution to the problem.

Clarified thinking.

Clarified thinking tends to take place while the counselor and counselee
are talking and therefore becomes a logical emotional release. As this
relationship goes on, other self-empowering results may take place later as a
result of developments during the counseling relationship. Clarified thinking
encourages a client to accept responsibility for problems and to be more
realistic in solving them.

Reorientation.

Reorientation involves a change in the client’s emotional self through a

change in basic goals and aspirations. This requires a revision of the client ’ s
level of aspiration to bring it more in line with actual and realistic attainment. It
enables clients to recognize and accept their own limitations. The counselor’ s
job is to recognize those in need of reorientation and facilitate appropriate
interventions.

Listening skills.

Listening attentively to clients is the counselor’ s attempt to understand

both the content of the clients’ problem as they see it, and the emotions they
are experiencing related to the problem. Counselors do not make interpretations
of the client’s problems or offer any premature suggestions as to how to deal

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 Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences 12

with them, or solve the issues presented. Good listening helps counselors to
understand the concerns being presented.

Respect.

In all circumstance, clients must be treated with respect, no matter how

peculiar, strange, disturbed, weird, or utterly different from the counselor.
Without this basic element, successful counseling is impossible. Counselors do-
not have to like the client, or their values, or their behavior, but they have to put
their personal feelings aside and treat the client with respect.

Empathy and positive regard.

Carl Rogers combined empathy and positive regard as two principles that
should go along with respect and effective listening skills. Empathy requires the
counselor to listen and understand the feelings and perspective of the client and
positive regard is an aspect of respect. For Rogers, clients have to be given both
“unconditional positive regard” and be treated with respect.

Clarification, confrontation, and interpretation.

Clarification is an attempt by the counselor to restate what the client is

either saying or feeling, so the client may learn something or understand the
issue better. Confrontation and interpretation are other more advanced
principles used by counselors in their interventions.

Transference and countertransference.

Other advanced principles deal with transference and countertransference.

When clients are helped to understand transference reactions, they are

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 Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences 12

empowered to gain understanding of important aspects of their emotional life.

Countertransference helps both clients and counselors to understand the
emotional and perceptional reactions and how to effectively manage them.

Activity 3 - WHIP -IT

Name different life situations or life events when a

person need to seek the help of a professional counselor.
List down as many as you can.

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 Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences 12

A. Research people who is a registered guidance counselor here in Capiz or within

Panay area. Send him/her message and casually interview him/her about the
principles and factors that make counseling successful. Jot down the answers and
compare to what you learn in this module.
You can only choose one. Guidance Counselors Profile Link in FB:
https://web.facebook.com/FrozeN.FlamE.13 - Sir Francis Ray Subong, RGC
Iloilo National High School
https://web.facebook.com/phoebe.santiago.92 - Ma’am Phoebe Santiago, RGC
Filamer Christian University
https://web.facebook.com/jplota.santiago - Ma’am JP Lota S. Medina, RGC
Capiz State University, Sigma Satelite
https://web.facebook.com/araceli.cortel - Ma’am Araceli Cortel, RGC
Capiz State University, Main Campus
*RGC- Registered Guidance Counselor

Sample Conversation:

Hello Sir/ Maam. My name is ________________________ (your name) from Dulangan

National High School, Pilar Capiz. I am taking Humanities and Social Science in Senior
High School and currently learning in Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences. If
you may, can I ask one question that only you could help me broaden my knowledge
about Counseling. You were the right person to be ask as referred by my subject
teacher Mrs. Rowena Henorga.

What are the principles and factors that make counseling successful?

Thank you for accommodating me, and God bless.

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 Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences 12

Mk

B. Complete the statements below by supplying the principle being referred to.
Choices are given in the word bank on the left.
11. __________________ is a valuable principle that can bring
PRINCIPLES OF about a sense of relief that may empower a client to
COUNSELING function normally again.
12. ___________________ encourages a client to accept
 Advice-giving
 Clarification responsibility for problems and to be more realistic in solving
 Clarified them.
Thinking
 Emotional 13. ___________________ has to avoid breeding a relationship
Release in which the counselee feels inferior and emotionally
 Empathy dependent on the counselor.
 Positive Regard
 Listening Skills 14. ___________________ involves a change in the client’s
 Reassurance emotional self through a change in basic goals and
 Reorientation aspirations.

15. ___________________ Counseling provides clients the

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 Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences 12

opportunity to get _____________________ from their pent-up frustrations and other

personal issues.

16. ___________________ requires the counselor to listen and understand the feelings and
perspective of the client, while __________________ is an aspect of respect.

17. In all circumstances, clients must be treated with ___________________, no matter

how peculiar or utterly different they are from the counselor.

18. ___________________ is an attempt by the counselor to restate what the client is

either saying or feeling, so the client may learn something or understand the issue
better.

19. Good __________________ help counselors to understand the client’s concerns

without making interpretations or offering any premature suggestions on how to deal
with and solve them.

20. When clients are helped to understand __________________ reactions, then they are
empowered to gain understanding of important aspects of their emotional life.

C. Based on what you learned as the goals and scope of counseling, analyze each
situation below and put a check (√)if it is reasonably within a counselor’s jurisdiction,
and put a cross mark (x) if it is not. Justify your answers using what you learned in this
lesson.

_______________ 1. Kaye feels insecure and an outcast in school because she thinks her
classmates talk negatively about her.

_______________ 2. Ronnie thinks he is addicted to video games and wants to control it

to become more productive with his schoolwork.

_______________ 3. Jelai was diagnosed Obsessive--Compulsive Disorder (OCD) when

she was a teenager. As a young adult now, she wants to be helped again in
controlling her OCD.

Good Job!!!

You are ready for the

next Lesson.

Prepared by: Mrs. ROWENA FROFUNGA HENORGA

Subject Teacher

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 Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences 12

References:
Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences by Elias M. Sampa - pp.2- 21

https://humss.net/principles-of-counseling/

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 Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences 12

Answer key

Lesson 1: Activity 2

SOCIAL SCIENCES APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES

HISTORY COUNSELING

POLITICAL SCIENCE SOCIAL WORK

PSYCHOLOGY COMMUNICATION

SOCIOLOGY

ANTHROPOLOGY

ECONOMICS

DEMOGRAPHY

LINGUISTICS

Lesson 1: Activity 4

A. Write the definition of social science and applied social sciences.

The disciplines of social science taken together provide a substantive

insight to the understanding of society and of the relationship of individual
members and groups within society. The disciplines also study all areas related
to human behavior and society, the institutions and the functioning of human
society as well as dealing with a particular phase or aspect of human society.

Applied social science is an integrated science cutting across and

transcending various social science disciplines in addressing a wide range of
issues in a contemporary, innovative, and dynamic way. It aims at presenting a
well-developed understanding of social systems, social theory, and social policy.

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 Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences 12

B. Explain the relationship between the discipline of social sciences and the
discipline of applied social sciences.

Social sciences are more specific and focused on a distinct facet of a

social phenomenon while applied social science attempts to focus on a distinct
issue but use insights arising from various social science disciplines.

C. Using a T-Chart, make a list of social sciences and another list for applied
social sciences.

SOCIAL SCIENCES APPLIED SOXCIAL SCIENCES

HISTORY, PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY Counseling

ANTHROPOLOGY, ECONOMICS Social work

POLITICAL SCIENCE, DEMOGRAPHY

LINGUISTICS Communication

Lesson 2 Evaluation

A. Counseling is defined as a process of guiding a person during a stage of life

when reassessments or decisions have to be made about him/herself and his/her
life course

B. 1. Reassurance

2. Clarified thinking

3. Advise-giving

4. Reorientation

5. Emotional release

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 Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences 12

6. Empathy, positive regard

7. Respect

8. Clarification

9. Listening skills

10. Transference

C.

1. /

2. /

3. X - She must be refer to psychiatrist for medication

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