- Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is a virus that infects papaya trees and was introduced to Hawaii in 1937, causing papaya production to decrease 94% within 12 years.
- Transgenic PRSV-resistant papaya varieties were developed in 1998 and revived the industry in Hawaii. Researchers believe the virus originated in Asia over 2,250 years ago.
- PRSV infects other crops like pumpkins and causes symptoms like leaf distortion, spots, and reduced fruit growth. It spreads via aphid vectors. Control methods include quarantines, removing infected plants, nets to block aphids, and developing resistant transgenic varieties.
- Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is a virus that infects papaya trees and was introduced to Hawaii in 1937, causing papaya production to decrease 94% within 12 years.
- Transgenic PRSV-resistant papaya varieties were developed in 1998 and revived the industry in Hawaii. Researchers believe the virus originated in Asia over 2,250 years ago.
- PRSV infects other crops like pumpkins and causes symptoms like leaf distortion, spots, and reduced fruit growth. It spreads via aphid vectors. Control methods include quarantines, removing infected plants, nets to block aphids, and developing resistant transgenic varieties.
- Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is a virus that infects papaya trees and was introduced to Hawaii in 1937, causing papaya production to decrease 94% within 12 years.
- Transgenic PRSV-resistant papaya varieties were developed in 1998 and revived the industry in Hawaii. Researchers believe the virus originated in Asia over 2,250 years ago.
- PRSV infects other crops like pumpkins and causes symptoms like leaf distortion, spots, and reduced fruit growth. It spreads via aphid vectors. Control methods include quarantines, removing infected plants, nets to block aphids, and developing resistant transgenic varieties.
Conclusion (In English) Ringspot Papaya Virus Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is a plant virus pathogen in the Potyvirus genus and Potyviridae virus family that mainly infects papaya trees. Historically, this virus was introduced to Oahu (Hawaii) since 1937. Within 12 years, the number of papaya production areas decreased 94%. PRSV-resistant transgenic papaya varieties started production in 1998 and revived the industry. Using a genetic phylogeny study, researchers suspect the virus originated in Asia, most likely India, some 2,250 years ago. From there it slowly spread across the continent reaching China about 600 years ago. It has also been introduced directly from India to Australia and America in the last 300 years. PRSV-P,papaya shows yellowish, leaf distortion, and severe mosaics. Greasy or wet spots and streaks on the stems and petioles. The fruit will show the classic bump and "ringpot." Severe PRSV isolates have also been shown to cause tissue necrosis. Whereas PRSV-W, in pumpkin, watermelon and other cucumbers it causes spots and distortion of leaves and fruit and is considered one of the limiting factors in the growth of cucurbits in Florida. The vector of this virus, namely aphids, is the main means of transmission of PRSV, especially peach lice and melon lice. There are several main methods of controlling PRSV including the following: 1. Quarantine and geographic displacement, efforts to relocate growing areas to virus-free fields were made. This is usually only to temporarily avoid disease, which eventually spreads to new fields. 2. Roguing,destroying and destroying the affected plants. 3. Mosquito net,to prevent insect vectors from spreading viruses. 4. Cross protection,mild PRSV strains are introduced into host plants, which then develop resistance to the lethal viral strains. 5. GMO,pathogen-derived resistance (PDR) is a technique of inserting gene fragments from pathogens into transgenic plants, which in turn provides plant resistance to pathogens, which has proven effective in controlling the Hawaiian PRSV strain. 6. Deregulation,the university was highly motivated to help save the Hawaiian papaya industry, and thus took a leading role in encouraging the commercialization of the fruit. Japan is 20% of Hawaii's export market. Japan has not approved of GMO papayas since its introduction in 1998. Since 2011, rainbow transgenic papayas have been approved for export to Japan. 7. Resistance Resistance,so far in Hawaii there has been no damage to the resistance of the coat protein encoded in the transgenic papaya strain. Exposure to foreign viruses is a serious risk, as rainbow papayas have been shown to be susceptible to PRSV from Guam, Taiwan and Thailand. One of the impacts of the PRSV on the economy is that papayas are grown for personal consumption by small subsistence farmers in parts of Southeast Asia, with a small surplus being sold in the market. Kesimpulan (Bahasa Indonesia) Virus Pepaya Ringspot Virus pepaya ringspot ( PRSV) merupakan virus tanaman pathogen dalam genus Potyvirus dan keluarga virus Potyviridae yang terutama menginfeksi pohon papaya. Menurut sejarah, virus ini diperkenalkan ke Oahu (Hawai) sejak tahun 1937. Dalam 12 tahun, jumlah lahan produksi pepaya turun 94%. Varietas pepaya transgenic yang tahan terhadap PRSV mulai berproduksi pada tahun 1998 dan menghidupkan kembali industri. Menggunakan studi filogeni genetik, para peneliti menduga virus itu berasal dari Asia, kemungkinan besar India, sekitar 2.250 tahun yang lalu. Dari sana perlahan menyebar ke seluruh benua mencapai China sekitar 600 tahun yang lalu. Itu juga diperkenalkan langsung dari India ke Australia dan Amerika dalam 300 tahun terakhir. PRSV-P, pepaya menunjukkan kekuningan, distorsi daun, dan mosaik parah. Bintik- bintik dan guratan berminyak atau basah pada batang dan tangkai daun. Buah akan menunjukkan benjolan dan "ringpot" klasik. Isolat PRSV yang parah juga telah terbukti menyebabkan nekrosis jaringan. Sedangkan PRSV-W, pada labu, semangka dan ketimun lainnya menyebabkan bintik-bintik dan distorsi pada daun dan buah dan dianggap sebagai salah satu faktor pembatas dalam pertumbuhan cucurbits di Florida. Adapun vektor virus ini yakni kutu daun adalah sarana utama penularan PRSV terutama Kutu Persik dan Kutu Melon. Terdapat beberapa metode utama dalam pengendalian PRSV diantaranya sebagai berikut : 8. Karantina dan perpindahan geografis, upaya untuk merelokasi daerah yang tumbuh ke ladang bebas virus dilakukan. Ini biasanya hanya untuk menghindari sementara penyakit, yang akhirnya menyebar ke ladang baru. 9. Roguing, pemusnahan dan pemusnahan tanaman yang terserang. 10. Kelambu, untuk mencegah vektor serangga menyebarkan virus. 11. Perlindungan silang, strain PRSV yang ringan dimasukkan ke dalam tanaman inang, yang kemudian mengembangkan resistansi terhadap strain virus yang mematikan. 12. Transgenik, resistensi turunan patogen (PDR) adalah teknik memasukkan fragmen gen dari patogen ke dalam tanaman transgenik, yang kemudian memberi ketahanan tanaman terhadap pathogen, yang terbukti efektif dalam mengendalikan galur PRSV Hawai. 13. Deregulasi, universitas sangat termotivasi untuk membantu menyelamatkan industri pepaya Hawaii, dan karenanya mengambil peran utama dalam mendorong komersialisasi buah. Jepang adalah 20% dari pasar ekspor Hawai. Jepang tidak menyetujui pepaya transgenik sejak diperkenalkan pada tahun 1998. Sejak 2011, pepaya transgenik pelangi telah disetujui untuk diekspor ke Jepang. 14. Daya Tahan Resistensi, sejauh ini di Hawai belum ada kerusakan pada ketahanan protein mantel yang dikodekan dalam galur transgenik pepaya. Terpapar virus asing merupakan risiko serius, karena pepaya pelangi telah terbukti rentan terhadap PRSV dari Guam, Taiwan dan Thailand. Dampak PRSV terhadap perekonomian salah satunya yaitu pepaya ditanam untuk konsumsi pribadi oleh petani subsisten kecil di beberapa bagian Asia Tenggara, dengan sedikit surplus yang dijual di pasar.