ITEGEKO Nº32/2016 RYO KU WA 28/08/2016 RIGENGA ABANTU N’UMURYANGO

IRIBURIRO

Mu rwego rwo gukomeza kunganira Leta y’u Rwanda mu gusakaza no kumenyekanisha amategeko
arebana n’uburenganzira bwa muntu, CHRAP yateguye ubukangurambaga bwo gufasha abaturage mu
nzego zose gusobanukirwa neza ibikubiye mu Itegeko n° 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu
n’umuryango mu Rwanda. CHRAP yiyemeje kunganira Leta muri gahunda n’ingamba zigamije kurushaho
kwimakaza iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu nta vangura iryo ari ryo ryose. Ibyo bikaba bihuza
n’icyerekezo U Rwanda rwihaye cyo kubaka Leta igendera ku mategeko, ishingiye ku iyubahirizwa
ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu, ku bwisanzure no ku ihame ry’uko Abanyarwanda bose bareshya imbere
y’amategeko n’iry’uburinganire hagati y’abagore n’abagabo; abahungu n’abakobwa bafite amahirwe
angana, bari mu muryango uhamye kandi utekanye uzira ihohoterwa iryo ariryo ryose rishingiye ku
gitsina hagamijwe iterambere ry’igihugu rirambye.

Turizera tudashidikanya ko ubu bukangurambaga buzafasha abanyarwanda kurushaho kunoza

imibereho n’imibanire hagati yabo, cyane cyane ku bijyanye n’uburenganzira bwabo n’imibanire hagati
yabo mu miryango.

Iri Tegeko n° 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu rivuga k’ubuzima gatozi bw’abantu,
ibibaranga n’irangamimerere ryabo ; rigenga kandi umuryango, ni ukuvuga itsinda ry’abantu bafitanye
isano hagati yabo ishingiye ko bamwe bakomoka ku bandi, ku mategeko cyangwa ku bashyingiranywe;
rishobora kuba rigizwe n’ababyeyi, abana, ababakomokahondetse n’abo mu miryango
y’abashyingiranywe nabo” (Ingingo ya 2,20°); rigenga nanone amasano hagati y’abantu, inama
y’umuryango, ishyingirwa ndetse n’isano hagati y’ababyeyi n’abana.

Muri ubu bukangurambaga tuzibanda ku gice kivuga ku ishyingirwa kubera ko ishyingirwa ariryo
nkomoko y’umuryango.

ISHYINGIRWA

Ubusanzwe, ishyingirwa ni “isezerano hagati y’umugabo n’umugore biyemeje ku bushake bwabo,

kubana mu buryo buteganywa kandi burindwa n’amategeko, ntibashobore gutana uko bishakiye.

Igisobanuro cy’ishyingirwa nk’uko biteganywa n’itegeko n’ibisabwa by’ishingiro

 Ugushyingiranwa k’umugabo umwe n’umugore umwe gukorewe mu butegetsi bwa Leta ku bushake
bwabo niko konyine kwemewe n’itegeko.

 Uko gushyingirwa gukorerwa ku mugaragaro imbere y’umwanditsi w’irangamimerere w’aho umwe

mu bashyingirwa atuye cyangwa aba.

 Abanyarwanda baba mu mahanga bandikishiriza kandi bagashyingirirwa mu biro by’uhagarariye u

Rwanda muri icyo gihugu.

 Imyaka yo gushyingirwa ni makumyabiri n’umwe (21) nibura. Itegeko rigenga umuryango n’abantu
rigira n’icyo rivuga ku batemerewe gushyingiranwa:

 Abafitanye isano y’ubuvandimwe itaziguye ntibashobora gushyingiranwa.

  Naho abafitanye isano y’ubuvandimwe iziguye ntibashobora gushyingiranwa kugeza ku gisanira
cya karindwi.
 Birabujijwe ko umuntu ashyingiranwa na sebukwe cyangwa nyirabukwe.
 Ishyingirwa ntiryemewe mu bijyanye n’abemeye kubera ababyeyi abana batabyaye.
 Ntawe ushobora kongera gushyingirwa ugushyingirwa kwa mbere kukiriho.

Mbere yo gushyingira, umwanditsi w’irangamimerere agomba kureba niba abashyingiranwa barahisemo

amasezerano y’icungamutungo (ingingo ya 171).

Agomba gushyikirizwa ibyangombwa bikurikira akabisuzuma:

1° icyemezo cy’amavuko cya buri wese mu bazashyingiranwa;

2° icyemezo cy’uko buri wese mu bazashyingiranwa ari ingaragu cyangwa ingingo z’ingenzi z’inyandiko
yerekeye urupfu rw’uwo baheruka gushyingiranwa, cyangwa ingingo z’ingenzi z’urubanza rw’ubutane
n’uwo baherutse gushyingiranwa cyangwa rusesa amasezerano y’ubushyingiranwe nawe;

3° icyemezo gitanga uburenganzira bwo gushyingiranwa itangazwa ritabaye kubera impamvu zifite
ishingiro.

Itegeko riteganya n’indi migenzo igomba kubahirizwa mbere yo gushyingira :

Mbere y’imihango y’ishyingira, umwanditsi w’irangamimerere agomba kwita kuri ibi bikurikira( ingingo
ya 171 n’iya 172):

 gusobanurira abashaka gushyingiranwa ibijyanye n’uburyo bw’imicungire y‘umutungo nibura

iminsi irindwi (7) mbere y’umuhango nyir’izina w’ishyingira ibijyanye n’uburyo bw’imicungire
y‘umutungo nibura iminsi irindwi (7) mbere y’umuhango nyir’izina w’ishyingira;
 gushyira itangazo ku biro by’irangamimerere by’aho abazashyingiranwa baba, iby’aho batuye
n’iby’aho bazashyingirirwa nibura mu minsi makumyabiri (20) mbere y’ishyingira.
 Iyo ishyingira ritabaye mu mezi ane (4) nyuma y’irangira ry’igihe cyateganywaga n’itangazo,
ntiriba rikibaye batongeye kuritangaza mu buryo buvugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo.
 Mbere y’ishyingira, iyo umwanditsi w’irangamimerere abonye ikimwemeza ko hari inkomyi
iteganywa n’itegeko, agomba kwanga gushyingira.
 Icyo gihe abikorera inyandiko kandi agaherako abimenyesha abagomba gushyingirwa.
 Umwanditsi w’irangamimerere ntashobora kongera kwanga gushyingira, iyo urukiko rwemeje
ko impamvu yatanze abyanga idafite ishingiro.

Ku bijyanye n’icyemezo cy’ishyingirwa :

Ishyingirwa rihamywa n’inyandiko y’ishyingirwa keretse igihe itegeko riteganya ubundi bwoko
bw’ikimenyetso.
Iyo inyandiko y’ishyingirwa idashoboye kuboneka ku mpamvu iyo ariyo yose, ishobora
gusimburwa n’urubanza ruciwe, bisabwe n’umuntu wese ubifitemo inyungu, mu rukiko
rubifitiye ububasha rw’aho atuye.

Gutambamira ishyingirwa

Gutambamira ishyingira bikorwa mu magambo cyangwa mu nyandiko kugeza igihe cyose ishyingira
ritaraba imbere y’umwanditsi w’irangamimerere. Iryo tambamira rigomba kwerekana impamvu.
Gutambamira ishyingira bishobora gushingira nibura kuri imwe (1) mu mpamvu zikurikira:

1° ukubura kwa kimwe mu bisabwa byerekeye imigendekere y’ishyingirwa cyangwa ishingiro ryayo;

2° kuba hari umwe mu miziro y’ishyingirwa.

Inkurikizi z’ishyingirwa

Ishyingirwa rigira agaciro uhereye igihe ryabereye imbere y’umwanditsi w’irangamimerere.

 Kubera ugushyingirwa, abashyingiranywe bemera inshingano yo kwita ku bana bazabyarana,

kubaha ibibatunga no kubarera bishingiye ku ndagagaciro z’umuco nyarwanda.
 Iyo umwe mu bashyingiranywe ateshutse kuri iyo nshingano, uwo bashyingiranywe cyangwa
undi muntu ubifitemo inyungu ashobora kubimurega.
 Buri wese mu bashyingiranywe afite inshingano yo guha uwo bashyingiranywe ibimutunga iyo
bikenewe.
 Ibitunga umuntu bitangwa mu rugero nyir’ukubihabwa abikeneyemo kandi bigereranyije
n’ubushobozi bwa nyir’ukubitanga, nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 205.
 Ibitunga umuntu bitangwa mu mafaranga cyangwa mu bintu. Abashyingiranywe bafite
uburenganzira n’inshingano bingana (ingingo ya 206).

 Abashyingiranywe bagomba kudahemukirana, gutabarana no gufashanya.

 Ugushyingirwa biha abashyingiranywe uburyo bwo gushinga umuryango ndemyabuzima, kukanabaha

itegeko ryo kubana.

 Ugushyingirwa kutakurikiwe no kubana mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe (1) gutuma nta mpamvu zifite
ishingiro guha umwe mu bashyingiranywe uburenganzira bwo gusaba ubutane.

Ku bijyanye n’uburenganzira ku mutungo kimwe n’inshingano yo gutunga urugo :

 Uburenganzira ku mutungo w’abashyingiranywe butangira bakimara gushyingirwa imbere

y’umwanditsi w’irangamimerere hakurikijwe uburyo bw’icungamutungo bahisemo.
 Iyo ishyingirwa risheshwe cyangwa iyo riteshejwe agaciro mbere y’uko abashyingiranywe
babana nta nkurikizi rigira ku mutungo w’abashyingiranywe keretse iyo bigaragaye ko hari uwo
bari barafatanyije.
 Abashyingiranywe bafatanya ubuyobozi bw’urugo rwabo harimo kurwitaho kugira ngo rugwize
umuco mwiza n’ibirutunga no kurwubaka rugakomera.
 Umwe mu bashyingiranywe yiharira iyo nshingano iyo undi adashobora kuyikora. Iyo
batabyumvikanyeho byemezwa n’inzego zibifitiye ububasha.
 Buri wese mu bashyingiranywe agomba kugira uruhare mu bitunga urugo rwabo bikurikije
uburyo n’amikoro ye.

Iyo umwe mu bashyingiranywe atubahirije inshingano ze, uwo bashyingiranywe ashobora kuregera
urukiko rubifitiye ububasha kugira ngo hafatwe ibyemezo by’agateganyo birengera urugo cyane cyane
ibyita ku bana (ingingo ya 211).

Iseswa ry’ishyingirwa

Ishyingirwa riseswa gusa kubera impamvu zikurikira:

1° urupfu rw’umwe mu bashyingiranywe;

2° gutana burundu kw’abashyingiranywe.

Urupfu rw’umwe mu bashyingiranywe

Nk’uko bisobanurwa n’itegeko rigenga abantu n’umuryango :

 Iyo umwe mu bashyingiranywe apfuye, ishyingirwa riraseswa;

 Umwe mu bashyingiranywe upfakaye afite uburenganzira bwo kongera gushyingirwa;
 Abana bakomeza kurerwa n’umubyeyi wabo wasigaye kabone n’iyo yakongera gushyingirwa.
Iyo na we apfuye barerwa mu buryo buteganywa n’amategeko.

Gutana burundu kw’abashyingiranywe

Gutana burundu kw’abashyingiranywe bishobora gukorwa mu buryo bubiri: Hari ubutane

bwumvikanyweho n’abashyingiranywe, hakaba n’ubutane busabwa n’umwe mu bashyingiranywe
hashingiwe ku mpamvu ziteganywa n’itegeko.Gusaba gutana bikorwa n’abashyingiranywe gusa.

a) Ubutane bwumvikanyweho n’abashyingiranywe (ingingo 229-235):

Gutana burundu guturutse ku bwumvikane gusabwa n’abashyingiranywe bombi bamaze kumvikana ku

gusesa ishyingirwa no ku nkurikizi zaryo kandi bagashyikiriza umucamanza amasezerano akemura
ingaruka z’ubutane ku bashyingiranywe n’umutungo wabo kimwe n’abana babo.

Icyakora, ubutane bwasabwe n’umwe mu bashyingiranywe bushobora guhinduka ubutane

bwumvikanyweho mu gihe uregwa yemera ko ikirego gifite ishingiro akemera ubutane.

Abashyingiranywe biyemeje gusaba gutana ku bwumvikane bagomba mbere na mbere, kubarura

umutungo wabo mu nyandiko, uwimukanwa n’utimukanwa, kugaragaza agaciro kawo, kugena ibyo buri
muntu yakwegukana hakurikijwe amasezerano y’icungamutungo bahisemo.

Gutana biturutse ku bwumvikane byemerwa gusa nibura nyuma y’imyaka ibiri (2) abashyingiranywe
babana (ingingo ya 232)

b) Ubutane bushingiye ku mpamvu ziteganywa n’itegeko (ingingo 218 - 228):

Umwe mu bashyingiranywe ashobora gusaba ubutane bwa burundu ashingiye ku mpamvu ziteganywa
n’itegeko. Izo mpamvu ni :

1° ubusambanyi; 2° guta urugo nibura igihe cy’amezi cumi n’abiri (12) akurikirana; 3° igihano cy’icyaha
gisebeje; 4° kwanga gutanga ibitunga urugo; 5° guhoza undi ku nkeke; 6° ihohoterwa rishingiye ku
gitsina; 7° kumara nibura imyaka ibiri (2) batabana ku bushake bwabo; 8° kutabana mu gihe kirenze
amezi cumi n’abiri (12) akurikirana uhereye igihe habereye ishyingirwa nta mpamvu zifite ishingiro zihari
(ingingo ya 218).

Ikirego gisaba ubutane kiregerwa kandi kikaburanishwa nk’izindi manza (ingingo ya 220).

Hagamijwe kurengera inyungu z’abana mu gihe urubanza rw’ubutane rukiburanishwa, umucamanza

ashobora kubashinga by’agateganyo umwe mu bashyingiranywe cyangwa undi muntu akanagena
uruhare rwa buri wese mu bashyingiranywe ku bitunga abana. Urubanza rwemeza ubutane ruciwe
burundu rutangira gukurikizwa ku bashyingiranywe, kuva ku munsi hatangiweho ikirego cy’ubutane mu
rukiko. Naho ku bandi bantu rutangira gukurikizwa ku munsi rwabereyeho ndakuka.

Ingaruka zo gutana burundu kw’abashyingiranywe

 Gutana burundu kw’abashyingiranywe bigira ingaruka ku bashyingiranywe ubwabo, ku bana

babo ndetse no ku mutungo wabo.

 Ku bashyingiranywe n’umutungo wabo: Ingaruka ubutane bugira ku bashyingiranywe ni ugusesa

ishyingirwa ndetse n’amasezerano agenga imicungire w’abashyingiranywe.Igabana ry’umutungo
rikorwa hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga.

 Ingaruka ku bana: Urubanza rwemeza ubutane runagena aho abana b’abari barashyingiranywe
berekeza. Muri rusange, abana bahabwa umubyeyi watsindiye ubutane,undi mubyeyi
agasigarana uburenganzira bwo gusura abana, kubavugisha cyangwa gusurwa na bo.

Mu ica ry’urubanza, umucamanza agena uburyo bukwiye kugira ngo ubwo burenganzira bwubahirizwe.

Itegeko rinateganya ko:

Urukiko rubyibwirije cyangwa rubisabwe n’umwe mu basaba ubutane cyangwa n’undi muntu
wese ubifitemo inyungu, rushobora gutegeka ko umwana ahabwa umubyeyi utatsinze urubanza
cyangwa se undi muntu wese, rushingiye ku byagirira abana akamaro;
Icyakora, abana batarageza ku myaka itandatu (6) y’amavuko, bagomba kubana na nyina
keretse iyo bishobora kubangamira inyungu z’abana;
Urukiko rushobora kandi gutegeka ko abana bamwe barerwa n’umubyeyi umwe, abandi nabo
bakarerwa n’undi mubyeyi mu gihe biri mu nyungu z’abana;
Ibyemezo urukiko rufata rushingiye kuri iyi ngingo bihora ari agateganyo, rushobora buri gihe
kubikuraho bisabwe n’ubifitemo inyungu mu buryo bw’ikirego gitanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe.

Twazirikana ko:

1. Ugushyingiranwa ari uk’umugabo umwe n’umugore umwe gukorewe mu butegetsi bwa Leta ku
bushake bwabo niko konyine kwemewe n’itegeko ;

2. Uko gushyingirwa gukorerwa ku mugaragaro imbere y’umwanditsi w’irangamimerere w’aho

umwe mu bashyingirwa atuye cyangwa aba ;

3. Hari abatemerewe gushyingiranwa nk’abafitanye isano y’ubuvandimwe itaziguye ntibashobora

gushyingiranwa ;

4. Naho abafitanye isano y’ubuvandimwe iziguye ntibashobora gushyingiranwa kugeza ku gisanira

cya karindwi ;

5. Abashyingiranwe bagira uburenganzira n’inshingano byo kwita ku rugo rwabo no ku bana babo
ndetse no kuri bo ubwabo ;

6. Ugushyingirwa guseswa n’urupfu rw’umwe mu bashyingiranwe cyangwa gutana burundu

byemejwe n’inkiko.