LOGO

Acid – Base Equilibria

Prof. Dr. Elham Y. Hashem

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Calculation of pH

ًStrong acid {completely ionized }ًًًًًًًًًًًًًً:‫أو ًلا‬

‫وعهيه يكىن تركيز انهيدروجيه يساوي تركيز انحامض‬

e.g.
HCl  H   Cl  ً
ً
ًًStrong base completely ionized }ًًًًًًًًًًً:‫ثانيًا ا‬
e.g.
NaOH  Na   OH 

OH   NaOH

‫وعهيه وجد أن‬

2
 { partially ionized } Weak acid :ً‫ثالثاا‬

‫لذلك يتم حساب تركيز أيون الهيدروجين من معادلة ثابت التفكك الحامضى‬

HAC H   AC 

Ka 
H AC 
 

HAc 

H 
 2

HAc 
 H  

Ka C

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 { partially ionized } ًWeak bases :‫رابعًا ا‬
‫يتم حساب‬
K b ‫مه معادنة‬ OH 


NH 4OH NH 4  OH 
e.g.
Kb 
NH OH 

4


NH 4OH

OH   2

NH 4OH 

 OH  

Kb C
4
 ًSaltsًً‫ًًاألمالح‬:‫خامساًا‬
‫يتم حساب انـ‬
pH
‫مه معادنة انتحهم انمائً نهمهح‬

Four Kinds of Salts

1) Salts of strong acid and strong base
‫متعادل‬ NaCl (ً‫(انمحهىل انمائ‬
HCL + NaOH = NaCl + H2O

2) Salts of weak acid and strong base

CH3COOH + NaOH = CH3COONa + H2O

NaAc ً‫) انمحهىل انمائً ) قلوى اوظر معادنة انتحهم انمائ‬

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3) Salts of strong acid and weak base
HCl + NH4OH = NH4Cl + H2O
NH4Cl ‫(محهىل انمائً ) حامض‬
ً‫اوظر معادنة انتحهم انمائ‬
ً4) Salts of weak acid and weak base
ً CH3COOH + NH4OH = CH3COONH4ً+ًًًH2Oًًًً
ً‫ويعتمد عه‬ NH4Ac
Ka , Kb

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Hydrolysis of NaAc

NaAc  H 2O  NaOH  HAc

Ac   H 2O  OH   HAc
OH  HAc 

Kh 
Ac  

Kh 
OH   2

Ac  

 OH  

Kh . C

OH  
 Kw
Ka
C

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Hydrolysis of NH4Cl

NH 4Cl  H 2O  NH 4OH  HCl

NH 4  H 2O  NH 4OH  H 

NH 4OH H  
Kh 
NH  
4

Kh 
H 
 2

NH 
4

 H  

Kh C

H  
 Kw
Kb
C

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  OH  

Kh . C  H  

Kh C

OH  
 Kw
Ka
C H  
 Kw
Kb
C

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 ‫مـســــائـــــل‬

 Calculate the pH of the following solutions:

a- 1  10-3 M acetic acid ( CH3COOH )

b- 1  10-3 M ammonium hydroxide ( NH4OH )

c- 0.1 M sodium acetate soln. ( CH3COONa )

d- 0.1 M ammonium chloride slon. ( NH4CL )

Ka = 1.7810-5
Kb = 1.7810-5
Kw = 110-14
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LOGO

Thank You

11
Buffer Solution

 Buffer solution resists the change in pH when acids or bases

are added or when dilution occurs.

 Buffer solutions consist of a mixture of (weak acid) and it's

salt
(conjugate base).

e.g. (CH3COOH +CH3COONa) or

a mixture of weak base and it's salt (conjugate acid)
e.g. ( NH4OH + NH4Cl)

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Henderson Hassebalch equation :
For ( acid buffer )

( HAC/NaAc ) buffer
HAc H   Ac 

Ka 
H Ac 
 

HAc 
H   K HAc

a
Ac 



13
 pH  pK a  log
Ac 

‫ بالضرب فى‬- log

HAc 

 p K a  log
Salt 
Acid 

 pK a  log
proton acceptor
proton donnor 

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For ( basic buffer )
( NH 4OH / NH 4Cl ) Buffer

B / BH 

B  H   BH 

BH 


BH 
Kb  

H 


1
.
BH  
Kb B
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 H 


Ka
.

BH   Kw = Ka . Kb
Kw B Kb = Kw/ Ka
1/ Kb = Ka/ Kw

pH  p K a  p K w  log
B
BH 


(  p H  p OH )

B
pOH  p K a  log
BH 


or
pOH  p K b  log
BH 


B

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For ( NH 4OH / NH 4Cl ) Buffer
NH 4 OH  NH 4  OH  Kw = Ka . Kb

Kb 
NH OH 

4
 Kb = Kw/ Ka
1/ Kb = Ka/ Kw
NH 4OH
OH   K
 NH 4 OH
b
NH  
4

pOH  pK b  log
NH  
4
NH 4OH 
pOH  pK b  log
Salt 
base
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 ‫أمثــلة‬
Ex. (1): Calculate the pH of a buffer prepared by adding 10 ml of
0.1M acetic acid to 20 ml of 0.1M sodium acetate.
Pka= 4.76
m. mol HAc = 10  0.1 = 1 : ‫الحــل‬
m. mol NaAc = 20  0.1 = 2
ً‫ مجم كه‬30 ml ً‫الحظ أن كالهما مىجىد ف‬

 pH  pK a  log
Salt 
Acid 
2
 4.76  log  5.06
1
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Ex. (2):

Calculate the pH of a soln. prepared by adding 25 ml of 0.1 M

sodium hydroxide to 30ml of 0.2 M acetic acid. (pKa= 4.76 )

m. mol HAc = 30  0.2 = 6 : ‫الحــل‬

m. mol NaOH = 25  0.1 = 2.5
Now
HAC + NaOH = NaAC + H2O
Initial conc. 6 2.5 --
Final conc. 3.5 -- 2.5
pH  pK a  log
Salt 
Acid 
2.5
 4.76  log  4.61
3.5
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Tris Buffer

Tris is tris(hydroxymethyl) amino methan

NH2 NH3
+ H+ =
C C
CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH
CH2OH CH2OH

(B) (BH+)

Tris Tris hydrochloride

pKa = 8.075

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 Ex. (3):

Find the pH of a buffer soln. prepared by dissolving 12.43 g of

tris (F. wt = 121.135) plus 4.67 g of tris hydrochloride (F. wt =
1576.596) in 1.0 L of water.
:‫ نحسبًتركيزًكلًمن‬:‫الحــل‬
Tris HCl BH+ , Tris (B)
:ً‫بانمىالر ثم انتعىيض فً نتر معادنة هىدرسىن كاآلت‬
B  12.43 g / L
 0.1026 M
121.135 g / mol

BH 


4.67 g / L
157.596 g / mol
 0.0296 M

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 B
pH  pK a  log
BH 


0.1026
 8.075  log  8.61
0.0296

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Thank You

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