AIRCONDITIONING

PRIME MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER

CEBU CITY
PROBLEM 1
Calculate the specific volume of an air-
vapor mixture in cubic meters pre kilogram
of dry air when the following conditions
prevail : t = 30C, w = 0.015 kg/kg, and Pt =
90 kPa.
PROBLEM 1
Solution:
From ideal gas equation,
Pa Va = ma R a Ta
Va R a Ta
=
ma Pa
R a Ta R a Ta
va = =
Pa Pt − Pv

Solving for Pv , from,

Pv
w = 0.622
Pt − Pv
PROBLEM 1
kg v Pv
0.015 = 0.622
kg a 90 kPa − Pv
Pv = 2.1193 kPa

Thus,
kJ
0.287 30 + 273.15 K
kg − K
va =
90 kPa − 2.1193 kPa
𝐦𝟑
𝐯𝐚 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗
𝐤𝐠 𝐚
PROBLEM 2
A sample of air has dry-bulb temperature of
30C and a wet-bulb temperature of 25C .
The barometric pressure is 101.325 kPa.
Calculate the enthalpy of the air if it is
adiabatically saturated. At 25 deg C
Pv=3.17 kPa, hg=2547.2 kJ/kg.
PROBLEM 2
Solution:
From,
h = cpa t + whg

Solving for the humidity ratio,

Pv
w = 0.622
Pt − Pv
3.17 kPa
w = 0.622
101.325 kPa − 3.17 kPa
kg v
w = 0.020088
kg a
PROBLEM 2
Thus,
h = cpa t + whg
h = 1.0 25 + 0.020088 2547.2
𝐤𝐉
𝐡 = 𝟕𝟓. 𝟗𝟒𝟒
𝐤𝐠
PROBLEM 3
A 4 m x 4 m x 4 m room has a relative
humidity ratio of 80%. The pressure in the
room is 120 kPa and temperature is 35C
(Psat = 5.628 kPa). What is the mass of
vapor in the room. Use Rvapor = 0.4615 kN-
m/kg-K.
PROBLEM 3
Solution:
From ideal gas equation,
Pv VR = mv R v TR
Pv VR
mv =
R v TR

Solving for Pv , from,

Pv
RH =
Psat
Pv = RH Psat
Pv = 0.80 5.628 kPa
Pv = 4.5024 kPa
PROBLEM 3
Thus,
Pv VR
mv =
R v TR
4.5024 kPa 4 m × 4 m × 4 m
mv =
kJ
0.4615 35 + 273.15 K
kg − K
𝐦𝐯 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟐𝟔𝟐 𝐤𝐠 𝐯
PROBLEM 4
A certain sample of air has a temperature
of 70F (partial pressure of 0.36 psia) and a
dew point temperature of 50F . The partial
pressure of the water is vapor
corresponding to a 50F dew point
temperature is 0.178 psia. Determine the
relative humidity RH.
PROBLEM 4
Solution:
From,
Pv
RH =
Psat
0.178 psia
RH =
0.36 psia
RH = 0.494444
𝐑𝐇 = 𝟒𝟗. 𝟒𝟒𝟒 %
PROBLEM 5
A coil has an inlet temperature of 60F and
outlet of 90F. If the mean temperature of
the coil is 110F, find the bypass factor of
the coil.
PROBLEM 5
Solution:
For bypass factor,
t mean − t db−out
BF =
t mean − t db−in
110℉ − 90℉
BF =
110℉ − 60℉
𝐁𝐅 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎
PROBLEM 6
The mass of an outside air at 50C in an air
conditioning unit is 60 kg. Find the
temperature after mixing if the outside air
mixed with 40 kg with recirculated air at
35C.
 PROBLEM 6
t1=50°C t2=35°C
m1=60 kg m2=40 kg Solution:
Applying dry-bulb temperature
balance,
m1 t1 + m2 t 2 = ( m1 +m2 )t 3
m1 t1 + m2 t 2
t3 =
m1 + m2
60 kg 50℃ + 40 kg 35℃
t3 =
60 kg + 40 kg
𝐭 𝟑 = 𝟒𝟒℃
m3=100 kg
t3 = ?
PROBLEM 7
In an air conditioning system, if the re-
circulated air is three times the outside air
and the mass of supply air is 20 kg/s, what
is the mass of the outside air?
PROBLEM 7
Solution:
By mass balance,
m o + mr = ma
mo + 3mo = ma
ma
mo =
4
kg
20 s
mo =
4
𝐤𝐠
𝐦𝐨 = 𝟓
𝐬
PROBLEM 8
A room being air conditioned is being held
at 25C dry bulb and 50% relative
humidity. A flow rate of 5 m3/s of supply
air at 15C dry bulb and 80% RH is being
delivered to the room to maintain that
steady condition at 100 kPa. What is the
sensible heat absorbed from the room air in
kW?
PROBLEM 8
Solution:
From sensible heat equation,
Q s = ma cpa t R − t a

Solving for ma , from,

Pa Va = ma R a Ta
Pa Va
ma =
R a Ta
m3
100 kPa 5 kg
s
ma = = 6.0492
kJ s
0.287 15 + 273.15 K
kg − K
PROBLEM 8
Thus,
kg kJ
Q s = 6.0492 1.003 25℃ − 15℃
s kg − K
𝐐𝐬 = 𝟔𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝟑 𝐤𝐖
PROBLEM 9
If the latent and sensible heat loads are 20
kW and 80 kW respectively, what is the
sensible heat ratio?
PROBLEM 9
Solution:
From SHR,
Qs
SHR =
Qs + QL
80 kW
SHR =
80 kW + 20 kW
𝐒𝐇𝐑 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟎
PROBLEM 10
In an auditorium maintained at a
temperature not to exceed 24C and
relative humidity not to exceed 60%, a
sensible heat load of 132 kW and 78 kg of
moisture per hour to be removed. Air is
supplied to the auditorium at 18C. How
many kilograms of air must be supplied per
hour?
PROBLEM 10
Solution:
From sensible heat,
Q s = ma cpa t R − t a
Qs
ma =
cpa t R − t a
132 kW
ma =
kJ
1.0 24℃ − 18℃
kg − K
kg 3600 s
ma = 22
s 1 hr
𝐤𝐠
𝐦𝐚 = 𝟕𝟗, 𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝐡𝐫
PROBLEM 11
An assembly hall was to have an air
conditioning unit installed which would be
maintained at 26C dry bulb and at 50% RH.
The unit delivers air at 15C dry bulb
temperature and the calculated sensible heat
load is 150 kW and latent heat is 51.3 kW.
Twenty percent by weight of extracted air is
made up of outside air at 34C dry bulb and
60% RH. While 80% is extracted by the air at
34C dry bulb and 60% RH, while 80% is
extracted by the air conditioner from the
assembly hall. Determine the air conditioners
refrigeration capacity in tons of refrigeration
and its ventilation load in kW. From
psychrometric chart: h3 = 86.5 kJ/kg, h2 = 53
kJ/kg
PROBLEM 11

𝐦𝐬

ASSEMBLY HALL
𝐦𝐑 = 𝟖𝟎%𝐦𝒔
26°C db, 50% RH
2
1 4 3
UNIT 𝐦𝐨
𝐦𝒔 𝐦𝒔 = 𝟐𝟎%𝐦𝒔

Q s = 150 kW Q L = 51.3 kW
PROBLEM 11
Solution:
For refrigeration capacity of the unit,
Q A = ms h4 − h1

For the ventilation load,

Q V = mo h3 − h1

Solving for ms , mo , h1 and h4 , from,

Q s = ms cpa t 2 − t1
Qs 150 kW
ms = =
cpa t 2 − t1 kJ
1.0 26 − 15 K
kg − K
kg
ms = 13.6364
s
PROBLEM 11
From the total heat load,
Q T = ms h2 − h1
QT
h1 = h2 −
ms
Qs + QL
h1 = h2 −
ms
kJ 150 kW + 51.3 kW
h1 = 53 −
kg kg
13.6364 s
kJ
h1 = 38.238
kg
PROBLEM 11
By energy balance at the point of mixing,
mR h2 + mo h3 = ms h4
m R h2 + m o h3
h4 =
ms
0.8ms h2 + 0.2ms h3
h4 =
ms
h4 = 0.8h2 + 0.2h3
kJ kJ
h4 = 0.8 53 + 0.2 86.5
kg kg
kJ
h4 = 59.7
kg
PROBLEM 11
Thus,
kg kJ kJ
Q A = 13.6364 59.7 − 38.238
s kg kg
1 TOR
Q A = 292.664 kW
3.52 kW
𝐐𝐀 = 𝟖𝟑. 𝟏𝟒𝟑 𝐓𝐎𝐑

Also,
Q V = mo h3 − h1
Q V = 0.2ms h3 − h1
kg kJ kJ 1 TOR
Q V = 0.2 13.6364 86.5 − 38.238
s kg kg 3.52 kW
𝐐𝐕 = 𝟑𝟕. 𝟑𝟗𝟑 𝐓𝐎𝐑
PROBLEM 12
Determine the approximate load on a
cooling tower if the entering and leaving
temperatures are 96F and 88F,
respectively and the flow rate of the water
over the tower is 30 gpm.
PROBLEM 12
Solution:
From,
Q = mw cpw ∆t
Or
Q = 8.33 Vw ∆t , Btu/min

Thus,
Q = 8.33 30 96 − 88
Btu
Q = 1999.2
min
𝐁𝐭𝐮
𝐐 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐦𝐢𝐧
PROBLEM 13
Determine the quantity of water lost by
bleed off if the water flow rate over the
tower is 30 gpm and the range is 10F.
Percent bleed-off required is 33%.
PROBLEM 13
Solution:
From,
Vlost
% Bleed − off =
VT
Vlost = %Bleed − off VT
Vlost = 0.33% 30 gpm
𝐕𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐭 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟗 𝐠𝐩𝐦
PROBLEM 14
A rectangular duct has a dimensions of 0.25
m by 1 m. Determine the equivalent
diameter of the duct.
PROBLEM 14
Solution:
For rectangular duct,
2ab
Deq =
a+b
2 0.25 m 1 m
Deq =
0.25 m + 1 m
𝐃𝐞𝐪 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎 𝐦
PROBLEM 15
A duct 0.40 m high and 0.80 m wide
suspended from the ceiling in a corridor,
makes a right angle turn in the horizontal
plane. The inner radius is 0.2 m and the
outer radius is 1.0 m measured from the
same center. The velocity of air in the duct
is 10 m/s. Compute the pressure drop in
this elbow. Assuming ; f = 0.3,  = 1.204
kg/m3 and L = 10 m.
PROBLEM 15
Solution:
From head loss equation,
fLv 2
hL =
2gDeq

Multiplying both sides by γf ,

γf fLv 2
γf hL =
2gDeq
ρf fLv 2
∆P =
2Deq
PROBLEM 15
Solving for the equivalent diameter for
rectangular duct,
2ab
Deq =
a+b
2 0.8 m 0.4 m
Deq =
0.8 m + 0.4 m
Deq = 0.53 m
PROBLEM 15
Thus,
ρf fLv 2
∆P =
2Deq
kg m 2
1.204 3 0.3 10 m 10 s
m
∆P =
2 0.53 m
∆𝐏 = 𝟑𝟒𝟎. 𝟕𝟓𝟓 𝐏𝐚
PROBLEM 16
Copra enters a dryer containing 60% water
and 40% of solids and leaves with 5% water
and 95% solids. Find the weight of water
removed based on each pound of original
product.
PROBLEM 16
Solution:
For the weight of the water removed,
mw−R = 1 lb − mf

By mass balance at the drier,

solid in wet feed = solid in dried product
0.40 1 lb = 0.95 mf
mf = 0.4215 lb

Thus,
mw−R = 1 lb − 0.4215 lb
𝐦𝐰−𝐑 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕𝟖𝟗𝟓 𝐥𝐛
PROBLEM 17
Wet material containing 215% moisture
(dry basis) is to be dried at the rate of 1.5
kg/s in a continuous dryer to give a product
containing 5 % moisture (wet basis). The
drying medium consist of air heated to 373
K and containing water vapor equivalent to
a partial pressure of 1.40 kPa. The air
leaves the dryer at 310K and 70%
saturated. Calculate how much air will be
required to remove the moisture.
PROBLEM 17
Solution:
By mass balance at the drying chamber,

moisture removed from materials = moisture absorbed by air

mm − mp = ma Wo − Wi
mm − mp
ma =
Wo − Wi
kg
1.5 − mp
ma = s
Wo − Wi
PROBLEM 17
Solving for mp ,
moisture removed = moisture absorbed
1 kg
1.5 = 0.95 mp
1 + 2.15 s
kg
mp = 0.50125
s

Solving for Wi ,
PV
Wi = 0.622
Pt − PV
1.4 kPa kg v
Wi = 0.622 = 0.008715
101.325 kPa − 1.4 kPa kg a
PROBLEM 17
Also from psychrometric chart at 36.85°C and 70%RH,
kg v
Wo = 0.0289
kg a

Thus,
kg kg
1.5 s v − 0.50125 s v
ma =
kg kg
0.0289 v − 0.008715 v
kg a kg a
𝐤𝐠 𝐚
𝐦𝐚 = 𝟒𝟗. 𝟒𝟖
𝐬
 END OF
PRESENTATION
THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS