Nama : Shafiyyah Ramadhani Arafa

NIM : 2050400111013
Class : E

Assignment TM.11 Agricultural and Rural Sociology

1. Social institutions are a system of norms of all actions that regulate patterned
actions to meet human needs in people's lives.
For an example Gapoktan, Lembaga Penyuluhan, Lembaga Pengajian Desa,
dll.
2. Elements of Social Institutions
a. Norm System: A number of norms are strung together and related.
b. Social Value: Measures of attitudes and feelings looking at a material or
non-material object.
c. Patterned Action: A series of actions that will link actions to one another
to form a solid pattern.
d. Human Needs in Social Life: The system of norms that regulates human
actions serves to meet human needs.
For example, in a journal written by Suwartapradja (2010), there are
collaborative activities between farmers in West Java called Liliuran,
Gropyokan or Rempugan. This activity contains elements of a system of
cultural norms that apply to the farming community of West Java, namely
mutual cooperation in cultivating land. They do it together regardless of
who is embraced and without compensation but are carried out in turns to
achieve the harvest goal and this is a manifestation of the elements of
social values, patterned actions, and human needs in social life.
3. There are 5 social institutions, namely:
a. The Family Institution is the smallest social institution in society. An
example in agriculture is a farming family.
b. Educational institutions are social institutions formed to teach values,
norms and various kinds of knowledge in the outside world. An example
in agriculture is an extension agency.
c. Economic institutions are social institutions that aim to meet basic needs
for the survival of the people in them. An example in agriculture is the
Farmers Group.
d. Religious institutions are social institutions which contain a set of rules
regarding human relations with God, with other humans as well as with
their environment. For example, the recitation of a farmer group in a
village.
e. Political institutions are a set of rules and statuses that specialize in the
exercise of power and authority. An example in agriculture is the
relationship between farmers and village officials.
4. There are 2 ways of the growth process of a social institution, namely:
a. Unplanned/Habitualization:
Institutions are born gradually in people's lives. For example, long ago to
obtain goods, people used the barter system, but because it was considered
inefficient and difficult, money was made as a means of payment that was
 recognized by the community, so that economic institutions such as banks
and so on appeared.
b. By Plan/Typification:
Institutions are born through a well-planned process that is regulated by a
person or group of people who have power and authority. For example, the
transmigration agency created by the government as a way to overcome
the problem of population density. In short, the process of forming social
institutions begins with individuals who need each other. This mutual need
goes well and then a rule called social norms emerges. Social norms can
work well if social institutions are formed.
5. Data from an article written by Suwartapradja (2010), states that in fact the
theory of social institutions is indeed in line with village agriculture. However,
the reality in the field is not as cliché as the theory because the existing
elements do not fully work well in the social order.
6. A set of social relations of an institution (family, economy, religion, and
politics) when it has been developed into an orderly system will create a set of
behavioral expectations that limit a person's freedom in carrying out activities
in his social life. Social institutions that have been standardized, agreed upon,
and expected, are usually fulfilled, can be truly felt, and run from who the
person who fills that role is.

References
Suwartapradaja, O. S. (2010). Pranata Sosial Dalam Pertanian: Studi Tentang
Pengetahuan Lokal Pada Masyarakat Petani di Jawa Barat. Sosiohumaniora,
Vol.12 No.1, 86-98.