Nelle Ababa sccence and Tecknology Diinlers tty College of Electrtcaf and Meckantes} Pe tpourtwron Of Mechanz ta) Engineering Course ! fracture Mechances Sud out None! Kaneva bouts Dodane LD NO: CSR 261/14 _S ubmitted To: Negask Alemu (Pio) Scanned with CamScannerwo Problem 4 from AdSeprmrenef 2 HL] The drys Shess function for hestegaaralr Solalinn of Mode -t Crack problem 2 P Rot y tmz Dl, 72 Sete Z+ fide Te Westegaard Stress function 6 Z= Bz Ie ®) Very tletler the above. mentioned Strep function motble Acrack iwan infinite Plate Subjected to Uar-arial - OF be- axiat booding? Subrlantiate your fogulte b) Determine the Stress field olution —S OE 2) Tle Gian problem Te tle Mode crack propagation. Hat cr be Be +ytat j 22 fate Ze Jiedz Adhere Reg = Reat a Yn = Lmosinary part Z = Analytic. Street faction bs dee, O*:-4 hes Wester gaard's Stress function & Zs Zq- Nov, -ferst of atl roe baile Vs, Hy ole zeae Stress furctow Wetler it pat “i mentiourd On fe Crack Surtece feed den ee iS Condi, bo hether Ha Gillen Stress fonction moclelt u feck beading or ‘bo- axial Aeoding. MeO Laf Scanned with CamScanner) x a Her ‘ ce for S4reat frelds - T= ReZ-YLm 5! Ou= ReZ# Ym 7! Tort, . i-y ¢ _To test te boundary Coud : = Crack Surfaces, mess We can hoile on a —a4Lxze and * ae We Constcler y on y being > So boundary Condit . 5 at Crack : GrerG co ft i a Sufacet ate: : Coa et AY eg (xlZa > Xr2ar 5 X*-a@r%Zo0 “ Vx%a* & imaginary , ™ Ze Real 7 E ic - Lonag inary number Hence 1 ReZ2O Vy 2040 =0 awd Cys -(Rez!)oo Thus, Uniaciat or bc-oxtali the load ex of ter Ho boundary couditions- “ae 7 2] The boundary conditions are Already Latcspied. Scanned with CamScanner“To (dentefy Wether the mentioncd Stres function Wredels a Crack te au infincte Plate t Subjeoted nee ade ‘ e Lu Ska! OF dang be eee! loathing We Ule the aear 2 oe Problem tx fracture meckances in ihock sacs containing an ollepeccal Crack & Subjected to bt- axial loasting Yh at) Uf Ty= Oy = o- and Tyy>o - Now by Locating the oriac at He crack dep. the Westoergaard Complex function becowwt ae eee (2c, Ms Near fiel field lovunclary Couditions arg Zeca neor the crack tip aud Ze exp (cal) “Where N it reol number. Scanned with CamScanner—o flow the klestergaard’s Complex function becomes Zr (Zta)o- = ar V (2ta)= ae V2as Ze a . we -2 hn . o[Z -enlte) Fem nig field Om Whe a ch Ake Feat and imaginary parte ao 2Mfracted Rez = Tf core Dmz = - aa off Sin€ Substitute foc Valuet inthe Ox= Rez-yEmz! Ty = Reztyimz! Try = -Y Rex Hence, We Can Lave tho follovoinge: Oy Rer-USmaz! 2 a fz Oy: Rextygem2! cg a" Gas -yRetl GQ =o By takin yzo ad 0-0 Now Ox= ay <@ and Ty =o Therefore dhe tm On Taftnthe following Pua four AP\lew Coud bow modelo a Crack Plate bi-avial foading, Scanned with CamScanner1) Determine dhe Stress : The derys Com lex funclion aud Wasterg arcs Complex fanchn Pte 5 tes pect Vly P= ReZ + ysmz - Aorys) Z = Rez4iimz -(Westergand') Rez= Real part GmaZe Imaginary part Z = Analytic Stren function ie f= Us od Where For He ertipre shown intl, figure, He comp lex fan ctior and its Conjugate are, taf PectVely BEAT Ys repo -)- © . 2° L-4y = rexp(-io) aed -© Lypltie) = Cope tisine --®@ Yorsue = 2 Scanned with CamScanner- Furder more, the Courehy = Retmann 24uations Tusome Clomain D Are Cowsricleled fundanentai Aud Suppcciont fora complex fonction to ba analyte in P. ~ Let Z= Uloy)+ tulyy), thon the Gauchy. Recmann portant thoorm Sdatel tat av. gv 822 8% aud av,_av od a9 ax Sothat the functou Z be analyte. Th Cauchy. Recmann Condition c Of Jreat practcca] Cmportance for Cletermining elasice Stremer, Youce VeRezeVInzco .- ---@ bobacl must be Satitfied by om diny Shett funchion. ~The Operator V2 in fectan. gular and polar Coordinate tater He form : Vie Dryar ar ig ax” Byr oor : gts on YW az 2 wary hat 7 a” Fare 367 ; Assume thot the Atry's ortias lewvlatiles ar Apple he staseie enptorts CL partiat denvetales an app l=calble le, Troe = 826 1 s oy Ty = a7 po a---=4 ayy Txy = =o __---lo a oxay Scanned with CamScannerad, A(ReZ) 4 Alytms) — P = z = ge: O(ReZ) 4 a(yimz) - Rezsytuz! et} i one ax x 2 othee) + D(yimZ) -Lm F+y Rect o2= YR vb My oy © YRex. aur 2CYRez) _ Re ay 7M ey a(Rez) - oe) ad ~ Rez-yimz! drag Ret) p Dlyemz) - Surety po! a a on Y Rez! LImZ. = VRez’ Substitst Apuotion (1) inte efuation (9) along WE VL 6 vveicty the Wlettergaarel 'S Strest Ta tioe Amen SLoms, Ong = ReZ-Yrmz! Fy- Reztysme! | Mlestergaant eet Tey: -Y Rez! feeds = ee Scanned with CamScannerProddem z from Assepmmanc 9 ef llkat. do you Undersfanel by Stress Evclensihy Factor? How tt ct wratlomatically clefcnad? Answer - Tile Sheet intense ly factoy, Kits eted b Precket tho Shear s ; poe "temas ‘ecty) tear the Ap of the crack Caused ty trun ager Ritual Hence. Bt to a Heorcticat Contract uy ah fo B® komogen sour Pinear obrotic material a ae Por ProVicking A -frilire Crileron for brittle matrials a96 £8 critccal Aeclncgue Cuthe ArePling of Damage tolirance. ae oe af Ait on Pecinen eoneby, fa Size Ln adle onde radial ca fe ete Oval ta dithcbatinn k- Vy fita Where ke - Sheag fn tontity, facto a plied cheras ~a& a ae ge qoometng of 9- Crack Leopte A Malematical defemition of Steg inten fe Leu Leto ~ FF Zin) Tetle Shel function {4 factor Ver Peet to the cet dpe tm ioe Afined Wit ke fem [mr Z(x) ~The interrelation shop of the TS ndety eset re ke Cel crt best ite fractute ; “e Shost Concentration factor, K hag pact BM payan - Creel t oes to Erwan for Coiny SIF aud Sine then Practure mechancce took A Oiaut tap for wal “ Scanned with CamScanner“Sess intensity factor Can alto Le cipined interna ty the Stress leopwulll od pee a M+ fis [at Gyo} B>0 Kis = Dene ae amt) , j Kinet, Sef fear hoy Scanned with CamScannerProble 2 Fron ASS pnonent 6 #3) lh Conventional fartcgue test i nSifficecaut for frrcture analytes? What ave Cock growt Curves ? Déseusl the Began ey paris hw. Aus Wer 2) bly contentional fatigue tat iF tnsuppiccent for Analyt ef fracture? “Ln fatigue tit, trheront flaws qrow cliete fatigue Crack Growtk meckandim and York a oritccas hvol whicl Leada do fracture. ~ The Concept of endurance binct Ceyedec. Shest fo Vol Peonsled to a Level Of Lo? Cycles Or more) has ben Abete aie QA Conler Yate ettimate of. Lge Of 2 Component a Hots.2ve,, the S-N dia Cannot provide Answers 4 Crack arowtl or tntpection inteAalt at no attens te made do dotele nag outer Crack Grow th. ee ~ Qulleutional fatcque torts are done will He prenita Hat the Matoriat | Couporeat 7 an elattcc Componout of Continuum Without Guy yoaterial dipects or flaws. = TAnor ing the pretence of material Aefectt or inherent flaws led to Speeta culet failures - Eu fracture Mechancce clesian mutt ke autwered: He felaoing Fucatoons -it it Lafe f te the Cow bs 7 Uf faye for Beth fog Pouent/machine 7 - ia peschle to wwoncloy Crack woth Lo One Can Act Carel the Cou Dive. machi P: = or Stop Gn Béauee Cotas opine ritare Scanned with CamScannerSO, To cntuter these Fruertiont the Comentionel fatcpuc tut Cs not Sufpccdent. Hen, A mer axhausice tert needs tole done to avtutor those Fruct tions 1D Wiad are crrek growth Cures - Owe of the Standard 6 pece brting & 2 pecomen forfracture terting or Fetes deaded and the crack Growth it oxoncton by wh Foaagte Testing (NDT) motkeds. - que booding xo mot fully Vetted as iv é teste! but the lower Yay pa sie oe fig + PX perimroutl (% fe i peated for Vartoue Loads and 2-plot Ff Cract fengt. Ns Nunvoer af Cycles os ob tained. Ay 48 Ap ie 7 i a i Jf g y 2 £ a Elaptad Cycles Crack growth tt dhe function of T) Cyctecal Load tt) Crack Lanitt. Scanned with CamScanneriti) Paves law - Powis fu (alse known au lho paris. Erelojan oPvation) Ce @ Crack. ae “oi uation Mat 4ellea tha rate SF Poult. Ff a fatoque tack. = Stress Vee Aerack fy nity factor {K characterize 5 Haboad aver P and the rote o crack grow th PLxperimentally Slow to be a * ton of the tarye of Street Srascty Ber & Powsng Cycle. frcter AK Seon The Paris equation uw da. C(AK)™ Whare-a- Cre fog 41 dat ota ~febiguc Creek frost. an fora toad easels Al Cc. Matena| betpie dt m- oetfiat L Char. blaine ekpaicaty TI Strese inctonurity facter Tange has been found te ae the Wade of Crock FPO froma Variety of Pet Cond} t 5 Hema gape ed Ren Ak: “ - Ring a Power Law Yelatre tn, ship between : Fe i tind Ee cs wt jerte. Se to 5 c trees fntewrcty fretor, Visuatezed at @ he Scanned with CamScanner~The Obsortltion Of Paris 1 am Lmportuct Step tm mocoling crack Growth by fracture mochanict * Us app roaek purely anata ut Jute Si Rarpirical Lut Siap le to model a Compu P OK ; " Lngenuity o¢ Paves luo to Hat Ho effect o applied Load (Seas) Oud Crack Aenyth ow cypck Grow tle arte M4 tetellcjontly mocloled d 4 Single Parameter Ak ~ Paris Oviqinal Work appeared as S veing techuseal note - - Thewle OF QnNivonmont Wee not Cousitlerrd and thia Qnaobled PArk to anile at Simple ampere ~ Powex Law io Clegant aud Comectionr re incorporated bo tia fo modes the vole Of 2ntliionmout: Th Valedation of porarlas Donaldcon and Ander (lech . a Crack too Cucbiraly dopporent Config wehe Grout data for One io @ Coutor Catt Subjected ba bode load. SIF decveause gag fetnetion Foneh lene Tle otter i deantercencted Panel Subjected toa tar tld Sh reat Thesip increases py A ferncte Of, Srecivnen & seek lait kg: BP t S Peis By (a i SpetiimenB ea Stecme A ki = {ra £(%o) @ Crack, Lou He, Scanned with CamScannerAla Yolnt Mim (eycle—> SD, His give x Compoleace that powcs Lous Coutelloe ULEU Sco) for aang desipn Calculation - le relation Stsp Dotusien crmch—frristlrate aul Slee rte sity factor range te hhentialles Ue Saue for fore ldo leoacting Coufcausctliona - Scanned with CamScanner_Pblew 4 rom HbSefrmomtT #4) After two Yoart of Lenlice, & Wide panel of ae aluminium alloy wat found to Contain & 6 mine Loug Contre crack Oviauted Normal to the applced Stree. The panel was duscqnecl to wittshang One Start Uplohut-down cycle per flay for 20 Years (Assume 320 operating cays ina.penr), the eyclscrange. baci Dto'ZMPA ” BS the fot a ey ean of the alloy és 32M palin aud the Grows X mate eptia Crack 7 tepracented by te Omax Jiiae SLIM 72 Mal. by PWiH§ dor g v de Ae: 62-Gmm Ne 624-3 a D3 I9F- 16 Cycles [l26yi6 Sa ey Scanned with CamScanner~The [peel waa designed ty wittShand ue. Shur} up | aes tom egele pres Any fev 20 yeors and 820days Per Hence des gn cycle, Np, Cam lee, No = Icycle ey srodegy 1g | Se ged Nee Np - 5Tbo Cy tos Since the panel Wardescpned for 20 years and Now, the crack War found Ofer 2 Yenes of Lecce We need to Calculate the oipltean years of Lge tine, Hence, ths desir cyche in 18 years or 5760 day <3 BAeP Cycle Gud the Cycle that 1ocIl grow thee Crock te Critsal Lugth is Calculated aa 3597-16 cycles the Panel WSU meat i, Aesig~n hfe LX poe ; 9 zy Using, iftle plate forcte plete he puter Yntemai ty fector becomes 9 Fhe ky = JSG fia) blere Wl he vorettie © B=etictp-c0y -72fffrooa! kt We plate Lt ee 6 488 Mpa fa nohdae ae ee Magar 3c 72 dinze~ UX6 RQ rie = SSSR iia Wee Scanned with CamScanner PpProblen ye oe Assipnenent b HAS / Ludicate the path you world Choose for Calculating 7 a double Cautclever Loam Spocimon Subjected to opel Doasl!t, Dorie the Value of 7, wing the path you lave choten- nL We Ainlwer ~The $-ivtegs alse trvon at Flontour intigel lee onjoyes reat Succeeds 26 & fractute characters sn CY bi SEG Pocrametir for nonlinear "pt bs acct tlre the fe for Q otitre meclantz Welt Reo te Utstdy bate Pere ee eB ety The 5. lategnl Zs defined 22 joe Jj- yee Ce be platimot lector J - outwares Unit Geter e lente of te pete fe lates toon pote F- integral 7 Milica Pr abi anes a pat Wdspencleat, Hat menue it tebes the Lanse ¥ Wtepraion part tat four arrtnd the 1 Newser Crock toce te Woes i‘ ea BD Scanned with CamScannerConsider he double catcleNoy bean Ww ¢ % —n) . =) 45 Sm ro Sea —> Take. Coutee clock pote choredhe nctegracton pate As Hatroo the heen are loaded With pure moment the Shear Sfiess lows the Loundary Vauzshet aw we He. Crack Lip and bridge Zane.” ‘yh So, the Shai~ Crergy Aoustty becouse 2405 fy PHO; = 10,0) G5 ms ves nou. A Be ou, TE, ----© bo, YX, - Cou bonenct of bplac 2 relat by L= mo a yt" @ Here, the aunties Qinde ste J tetegral, Ther, Ch roti @PL® are Je Twctegra Coutrcbvclisaloug \atepration futh [) witt dp = -aly,, at Xs =2. = J- tadegras Gntriletin s2bomg GZ (G=-aad -He £X.406) be-comet CD Scanned with CamScannerHe IF J Sia g, (5) dy, he - poking moment, Conleture and epinas coor troal see, the Shri AS bc butio— across the beam resnttion ra pure moment tS indotd- FOr Symmetnre Lean, Newt) akis Concealer rth Geometncen| mial- Plane eH So, whe Cre Ob tui Sie i. 5 8) ey Te stra pofile alos y. oS Gulye ky Flea. a Ts Hg oe © Cwhace teuhral mer aH, FD wy - bey lore g Moved ifr =e Twadtt og a2 Wrpecr. Mas g chee Rey Ty, aud By. Total go 519) Yey 3 The tot! J-tactegray 61 fos Sumueotion Of de dis y L oe g + ke i oo iS, fe #L oe Y Wise, Scanned with CamScannerProblem 7 from Aprignmeat 6 FEC) A Cracked booly is subjected + a Combined bedly Mede-z7 avd Mode 1h toad sng. Ue fects 2b a tensile Shoes ie 428-6 Mpaand & Shear Stroy Of 94-56 Pae The cract tongth 2a at tle demo f fablure is bymm. Calculate the Angle at Whick the Cr, ‘ cb W2Grw initially. Chorte tus propriate theory to Walid the gmt ; based on the late $ Upp lied Gud herp postoy he mid He Your Ausiver, Also Galeulete kyo Fake B= 4 forl, aru Mede-ar Loading for Sinptacty, | thor Medes —Dohution Given Geena, tbe Reguived dete Gy: 0 O- 7 Tey = 924 SB 19 pe a 20 6qmne > es 34-5 hw 4 ) 6:7 & at ty Y 7 ae mialerial fail Auler Unler coubinelin ile Shess Aud § hear Sfress: Thur by prarreg i nw YY ACepe Stress fsovy, MAKIAA Gand wininrn. jp tr ovat WArxtL the matrray wil ful ete CQ if ee follow: Fete lates @ Scanned with CamScannerFrage, Trace Fey 4 | ae 2 (HS)+ cy, = J2eatp e+ q flgje Ey +T4-56) 64, a , * 4i(64.4)% a 4.44 d ay 36 89. i "| as Pray. an Beseswae, sé = 178. Th. B-Bl Mpa L 5 i Angle at whe gp 4 the Frock 4row z Cleustacted tan(ge) = Ty ‘ Tl) [0 Find Sr Sensity Sector (lee) Kee - for mixed mode rr Koes key ke — bee Slvest banat ee ~ Sree BQ oe dertiedes Scanned with CamScanner0, Strutt Wlusity fector fov mode 4 Dy = kg = Cot 8 ft- sib go. 28 Gan 2 Zine SoWe for be XG) = Maco [)-sor2sin 209 a p - Eb-eE 78) ABD [i-soten 2 Teagan kop = = frre Sin Sm ead a F [ares 2c.,20 . <3) Reps ° aad, ee © 49 paneer Loe 2 AACMPATR Manroar ae ea 3ga “SD Scanned with CamScanner