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over them.
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
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For the learner:
The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
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Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Input data into computer. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.
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What I Know
Solve the crossword below. Write your answers on the separate sheet of paper.
1. ____________________________ 6. ____________________________
2. ____________________________ 7. ____________________________
3. ____________________________ 8. ____________________________
4. ____________________________ 9. ____________________________
5. ____________________________ 10. ____________________________
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Lesson Lesson 2: Performing Computer
What’s In
From the previous lesson, we've learned about Hardware and Software as a
component of a computer system. We’ve learned that computer Hardware refers to
the physical and tangible components of a computer. There are different types of
computer hardware first (1) is the Input devices allows the end-user to communicate
with the computer, second (2) Output devices that display results of the processed
data that was entered using input devices third (3) Processing device a device
responsible for processing raw data in the computer and last is Storage devices
hardware devices used for storing information from the computer. Software refers to
the intangible components of a computer. There are different types of computer
software: System software refers to the files and programs that make up your
computer's operating system and Application software refers to programs designed
for the computer users.
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What’s New
Activity 1
Read and answer each question concisely
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What is It
SOFTWARE – is a set of instructions that tell the computer what to do. Computer
is useless without any software installed in it.
Category Examples
Word processor Word, WordStar, Word Perfect
Spreadsheet Microsoft Excel, Lotus 123, Quattro
Database Management System Oracle, FoxPro, SQL, Database Access
Graphics Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw
Games Counter Strike, WarCraft, Chess
Master
Educational MathCAD
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3. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES – It is the representation of instructions in
human recognizable form.
LANGUAGE GENERATION
Generation Classification
1 st Machine Languages
2nd Assembly Languages
3rd Procedural languages
4th Application Languages (4GL’s)
5th AI techniques, Inference Languages
6th Neural networks, others
Classification of Programming language according generation
Programming
Languages
Middle Level
low level Languages High Level Languages
Languages
WEB BROWSERS
A web app is an application stored on a web server that you access through
a browse
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– Web apps usually store users’ data and information on their hosts’
servers
Figure 1.1 Web and mobile apps often work together, enabling you to access your
content from a variety of computers and devices.
https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/invention-of-the-internet
The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main goals:
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Figure1.2 shows the brief history of the Internet
https://www.jegsworks.com/lessons/web-2/basics/connecting.htm
DATA PROCESSING
Data is defined as a collection of raw and unprocessed facts. Since it is still raw, it
needs to be seamed to other data. The data must be manipulated and processed to
achieve a desirable result and turn it into more useful information. Score in quizzes,
student names, sale figures, grade reports and others are all examples of data. After
data have been processed they can now be considered as information. It is the output
of data that has been already manipulated and transformed into something useful.
Unorganized Facts
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No. of hours rendered, other deduction
No. of items and cost
Cost per subject and other Miscellaneous
Useful Information
Payroll reports
Sales Report
Registration Form
http://www.jhigh.co.uk/ComputingSG/CDP/CDP_DataCycle.html
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/informationprocessingcycle-120516065809-phpapp01/95/information-processing-cycle
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Input. This steps initially gathers and prepares data to be entered into a computer
for processing. This type of data is commonly called as the input data. There are
certain computer input devices used to collect data such as microphone, mouse,
keyboard and others. The most commonly used input devices for entering data into
a computer is by typing on a keyboard.
Processing. This is the operation of manipulating and transforming data into useful
information. The data are manipulated and changed in this step. Arithmetic
operations, logic operations or simple data movement can also be included in this
function. Data in computer system are represented using binary digits 1 and 0. When
you enter letter A in the keyboard it doesn’t mean that the one being process is A.
the binary form of A is 1010. It is in the Processing block that these binary digits are
converted into letters for them to be understood by humans.
Output. This is the result of the processing function. Once the data have been
manipulated and processed into information, the computer must then produce and
present the information into a format acceptable to the user. The output devices are
used to display the information on a monitor or the information is printed on paper.
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There are three (3) more steps added to the basic data processing cycle and these
are: Origination, Distribution and Storage.
Distribution. In this steps, the output data or the result which is often referred to
as report documents will be distributed.
Storage. It is important that the result of data processing are kept in a storage
device to be retrieved, modified or used as input data for further processing.
VERIFYING – refers to the checking of data for any errors or discrepancy because
most data are recorded manually.
SORTING – refers to the arranging of data in specific order. Orders may be cardinal,
ordinal, alphabetical or lexicographic order.
MERGING – is the putting together of two or more sets of data with the same key to
be one set of data.
FEEDBACK – is the operation that compares the result to the objectives set.
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1. Batch Processing. This applies serial processing. In this method, the data are
being collected into a certain groups or batches to permit convenience, efficiency
following a step by step procedure.
2. On-line Processing. It is a method where all the information and devices are under
the direct control of the central processing unit of a computer that permits sharing
of files and devices with all computers that are connected to the server.
STORAGE DEVICES
A storage device is a piece of computer hardware used for saving, carrying and pulling
out data. It can keep and retain information short-term or long-term. It can be a
device inside or outside a computer or server. Other terms for storage device are
storage medium or storage media. A storage device is one of the basic elements of
any computer device. It almost saves all data and applications in a computer except
for hardware firmware. It comes in different shapes and sizes depending on the
needs and functionalities.
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Speed Faster Slower
Size Small Large
Cost Expensive Cheap
Used in Used in Main memory
Density Less dense Highly dense
Construction Complex and uses Simple and uses
transistors and latches capacitors and very few
transistors.
Single block of memory 6 transistors Only one transistor.
requires
Charge leakage property Not present Present hence require
power refresh circuitry
Power consumption Low High
ROM
CACHE
Secondary Storage
It is not directly accessible by the CPU
Computer usually uses its input/output channels to access secondary
storage and transfers the desired data using intermediate area in primary
storage. `
Example: – Hard disk
HARD DISK
The hard disk drive is the main, and usually largest, data storage device
in a computer.
It can store anywhere from 160 gigabytes to 2 terabytes.
Hard disk speed is the speed at which content can be read and written on
a hard disk.
A hard disk unit comes with a set rotation speed varying from 4500 to
7200 rpm.
Disk access time is measured in milliseconds.
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Examples of Storage Device
Magnetic Storage Device – one of the most popular types of storage used.
Optical Storage Device – uses lasers and lights as its mode of saving and retrieving
data
o Blu-ray disc – A digital optical storage device which was intended to replace
the DVD format
o CD-ROM disc – An optical storage device that is read-only or cannot be
modified nor deleted.
o CD-R and CD-RW disc – CD-R is a recordable disc that can be written to once,
while CD-RW is a rewritable disc that can be written to multiple times.
o DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW and DVD+RW disc – DVD-R and DVD+R are
recordable discs that can be written to once, while DVD-RW and DVD+RW are
rewritable discs that can be written to multiple times. The difference between
the + and – is in the formatting and compatibility.
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o USB flash drive – A small, portable storage device connected through the USB
port.
Online and Cloud – is now becoming widespread as people access data from different
devices.
o Cloud storage – Data is managed remotely and made available over a network.
Basic features are free to use but upgraded version is paid monthly as a per
consumption rate
o Network media – Audio, Video, Images or Text that are used on a computer
network. A community of people create and use the content shared over the
internet.
What’s More
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1. Differentiate Data and Information in not less than 5 sentences.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Do think knowing the right storage devices suited for our need is important?
Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
What I Can Do
Activity1.
Paste in the blank (cut picture) with the correct answer of each one described.
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1. Usually the largest, data storage device in
a computer.
Activity2.
Give at least five (5) Examples of unorganized Facts that can be processed into useful
information. The first one is done for you.
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1. No. of hours Payroll reports
rendered, other
deduction
2.
3.
4.
5.
Activity3.
____ 1. Windows 7
____ 2. Microsoft Excel
____ 3. Machine Language
____ 4. Ubuntu
____ 5. Counter Strike
Assessment
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Test I. MULTIPLE CHOICES
Direction: Read each questions carefully and write the letter of the best answer.
2. This is the result of the processing function a computer must then produce
and present the information into a format acceptable to the user.
a. Input c. Process
b. Output d. Storage
3. A device that usually uses its input/output channels to access and transfer
the desired data using intermediate area in primary storage.
a. Primary storage c. ROM
b. RAM d. Secondary storage
4. This step initially gathers and prepares data to be enter into a computer for
processing.
a. Input c. Process
b. Output d. Storage
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10. A collection of programs that perform a variety of tasks or functions. It involves
communicating with the disk drives, etc., and other peripheral devices.
a. Application software c. Software
b. Operating system d. System Software.
Additional Activities
Using the Venn diagram Compare and Contrast Primary Storage and Secondary
Storage Devices
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What I Know What Can I Do Assessment
1. Software Activity 1 1. C
2. browser 1. HardDisk drive 2. B
3. Internet 2. Flash Memory Device 3. D
4. Data 3. Blu-ray disc 4. A
5. cache 4. CD-ROM disc 5. A
6. Origination 5. USB flash drive 6. A
7. Output Activity 2 7. D
8. Processing 8. C
9. Input Activity 3 9. C
10. Information 10. B
1. SS
2. AS
3. PL
4. SS
5. AS
Answer Key
References
Storage Devices
https://teachcomputerscience.com/storage-devices/
Level of Programming Languages
https://www.learnpick.in/prime/documents/ppts/details/664/generation-of-
computer-programming-languages
Data Processing
https://www.talend.com/resources/what-is-data-processing/
https://www.slideshare.net/danielmanaog14/k12-module-in-tle-ict-grade-9-all-
gradings
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EDITOR’S NOTE
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd
SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary objective of preparing for and
addressing the new normal. Contents of this module were based on
DepEd’s Most Essential Competencies (MELC). This is a
supplementary material to be used by all learners of
SOCCSKSARGEN Region in all public schools beginning SY 2020-
2021. The process of LR development was observed in the
production of this module. This is Version 1.0. We highly encourage
feedback, comments, and recommendations.