Project Title:

Location:
Element: Aluminium Bolts
COP: Eurocode 9 Part 1-1: DD ENV 1999-1-1:2000

Table 3.4: Minimum guaranteed values of 0.2% proof strengthƒ0.2 and ultimate strength ƒu for Bolts, solid and hollow rivets
Material: Aluminium alloy
Type of fasterner Alloy Grade Temper ƒ0.2 ƒu
0.2% Proof strength Ultimate strength
N/mm² N/mm²
Solid Rivets 5056A O 145 270
5086 O 100 240
6082 T4 (Cold Driven) - 200
T6 (Cold Driven) - 295
Hollow Rivets 5154A O or F - 215
Bolts 6082 T6 260 310
6061 T6 245 310
2017A T4 250 380
7075 T6 440 510

Material: Stainless Steel

Type of fasterner Alloy Grade Temper ƒ0.2 ƒu
0.2% Proof strength Ultimate strength
N/mm² N/mm²
Bolts A4 A4-50 210 500
A4 A4-70 450 700
A4 A4-80 600 800

4.2.3 (1)- Recoverable elastic deflection

δ0 =
δ1 =
δ2 =
δmax = δ0 + δ1 + δ 2 = 0 mm

4.2.4 Calculation of elastic deflection

Igr =
Ieff =
σgr =
ƒo =
Ifig = #DIV/0!

6.1.1 (2) Partial Safety Factor ƳM

Bolted Connections: ƳMb = 1.25
Riveted Connections: ƳMr = 1.25
Pin Connections: ƳMp = 1.25
Welded Connections: ƳMw = 1.25
Slip Connections: ƳMs = See 6.5.9.3

Adhesive Bonded Connections: Ƴma = 3

Thickness of the thinner connected part, t = 10 mm

Bolt Diamter, d = 12 mm
Force Category (Tension or Compression) Compression
Fasterner Hole, d o = 12 mm
Minimum End Distance, e1min = 14.4 mm (1.2do)
Normally End Distance, e1normal = 24 mm (2.0do)
Maximum End Distance, e1max = 36 mm (3.0do)
Minimum Edge Distance,e2min = 18 mm (1.5do)
Maximum End or Edge Distance, emax = 80 mm (40mm+4t, exposed to weather)
Maximum End or Edge Distance, emax = 150 mm (12t or 150mm whichever is larger, other case)
Minimum spacing, p1min = 26.4 mm (2.2do)
Normally spacing, p1normal = 30 mm (2.5do)
Minimum spacing, p2min = 28.8 mm (2.4do)
Normally spacing, p2normal = 36 mm (3.0do)
Maximum spacing, p1max = 140 mm (lesser of 14t or 200mm, for compression force only)
Maximum spacing, p1max = 280 mm (inner row, for tension force)

6.5.2.2 Design shear rupture resistance

Effective resistance of block shear, V eff.Rd = 209.89 kN ((ƒo/sqrt(3))(Av.eff/ƳM1), ƳM1 = 1.1)

Effective shear area, A v.eff = 1290 mm (tLv.eff)
Effective shear length, L v,eff = 129 mm (Lv+L 1 +L 2 but Lv.eff<L3)
Number of fastener holes in the shear face, n = 3
a1 = 35 mm
a2 = 35 mm
a3 = 50 mm
Lv = 80 mm
k= 0.5 (0.5 for single row bolts, 2.5 for 2 rows bolts)
ƒu = 310 N/mm²
ƒo = 310 N/mm²
L1 = 35 mm (a1 but L 1 < 5d)
L2 = 29 mm (a2 - kd0,t)(ƒu/ƒ o)
L3 = 129 mm (L v+a1+a3 but L 3+a1+a3-nd0,v)(ƒu/ƒo)

6.5.2.3 Angles and angles with bulbs

Width and Depth of equal angle, b = 75 mm

Thickness of connected part, t = 5 mm
End distance, e1 = 40 mm
Edge distance, e2 = 30 mm
Spacing, p 1 = 60 mm
Ultimate strength of angle, ƒu = 310 N/mm²
with 1 bolt:
A1 = 150 mm²
Design ultimate resistance,Nu,Rd = 74.4 kN (2*A1ƒu)/ƳM2

with 2 bolts:
Reduction factors, β2 = 0.7
Anet = 315 mm² (b*t-do*t)
Design ultimate resistance,Nu,Rd = 54.7 kN

with 3 bolts or more:

Reduction factors, β3 = 0.7
Anet = 315 mm² (b*t-do*t)
Design ultimate resistance, Nu,Rd = 54.7 kN

Bolt Connection Design to Eurocode

Location: Detail 4

Design forces:
Ultimate shear force, V ed = 0.5 kN
Ultimate tension force, Fed = 0.715 kN

1) SS A4 M12 anchorage and tension capacity design

Bolt Information:
Bolt Size, d = 12 mm
Bolt Type = Stainless Steel
Ultimate tensile strength of bolt material, ƒub = 500 N/mm²
Section area of bolt , A = 113.112 mm²
Tension resistance of Stainless Steel Bolt, F t,Rd = 27 kN OK!!!
Shear resistance of Stainless Steel Bolt, Fv.Rd = 23 kN OK!!!
= 0.041 < 1.0 OK!!!

*Use prokon to check allowable embedment length.

2) Block shear check at 150x75x7mm thk angle bracket using M10 bolt and nut

Bolt Information:
Bolt Size, d = 10 mm
Bolt Type = Stainless Steel
Ultimate tensile strength of bolt material, ƒub = 500 N/mm²
Section area of bolt , A = 78.55 mm²
Tension resistance of Stainless Steel Bolt, F t,Rd = 19 kN OK!!!
Shear resistance of Stainless Steel Bolt, Fv.Rd = 16 kN OK!!!
= 0.059 < 1.0 OK!!!

Block shear resistance:

Edge distance of connected part, e2 = 40 mm
Thickness of connected part, t = 7 mm
Ultimate tensile strength of connected part, ƒub = 410 N/mm²
Design ultimate block shear resistance,Nu,Rd = 183.68 kN OK!!!
Bolt & Weld Connection Design
Location: Dawson C6 - Blk 78 - 10th Sty Trellis SHS Connection

Design forces:
Effective Wind Pressure, Wed = 0.660 kN/mm² (From TEDDS)
Ultimate Wind Pressure, Wed.ult = 0.990 kN/mm²
Ultimate Wind Force, Fwind.ult = 6.237 kN
Width of Aluminum Panel, B = 2250 mm
Length of Aluminum Panel, L = 2800 mm
Ultimate Shear Force, Vweight.ult = 6.237 kN
Number of Bolt per Panel, n = 10 nos (Consider Top & Btm only)
Ultimate Shear Force Per Bolt, Fv = 0.624 kN

1) 12mm dia. CSK SS Anchor Bolt

Bolt Information:
Bolt Size, d = 12 mm
Bolt Type = Stainless Steel
Ultimate yield strength of bolt material, ƒut = 170 N/mm²
Shear strength of bolt material, ƒs = 98.09 N/mm²
Section area of bolt , A = 113 mm²
Tension resistance of Stainless Steel Bolt, Ft,Rd = 9 kN
Shear resistance of Stainless Steel Bolt, F v.Rd = 4 kN OK!!!
= 0.141 < 1.0 OK!!!

2)Punching shear at 12mm dia. CSK SS Anchor Bolt

Thickness of connected part, t = 9 mm
Characteristic strength of connected part, ƒo = 275 N/mm²
Punching shear resistance , Bp.Rd = 44.8 kN OK!!!

3) Block shear check at 9mm thk G.S Plate.

Block shear resistance:
Edge distance of connected part, e2 = 9 mm
Thickness of connected part, t = 68 mm
Ultimate tensile strength of connected part, ƒub = 275 N/mm²
Design ultimate block shear resistance,Nu,Rd = 269.28 kN OK!!!

4) Welding shear resistance at 50x50x6mm L-angle against wind load.

Welding length, L = 125 mm
Required fillet welding capacity, Fw,L,req = 0.050 kN/mm
Provide 3mm fillet welding, Fw,L,req = 0.47 kN/mm OK!!!

5) Concrete Prying Capacity (Cone Failure for Single Anchor)

Anchor Bolt Embedment Depth, hef = 65 mm
Concrete Compressive Strength, fcc = 35 Mpa [Cube]
Concrete Base Thickness, h = 150 mm
Concrete Edge Distance, c = 65 mm
k value = 13.5
Concrete Prying Capacity, Npry = (k*sqrt(fcc)*hef^1.5)/1.5 = 28 kN

6) Concrete Edge Resistance, VRd.c = V˚Rd.c*fB*fβ*fh*f4*fhef*fc

V˚Rd.c = 22.9 kN
fB = 1.18
fβ = 2.5
h/c = 2.31
fh = 1
f4 = 1.00
fhef = 0.28
fc = 0.73
VRd.c = 32.3 kN > 0.6237kN OK!!!