RPLD BASED CRYPTO PROCESSOR

ET 7311 PROJECT WORK

PHASE-1

Submitted by

ANTLIN JOSHIHA V
Reg.No:2018212001

A thesis submitted to the

FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of

MASTER OF ENGINEERING

in

EMBEDDED SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Faculty of Electrical Engineering
College of Engineering, Guindy,
Anna University,Chennai-600025

NOVEMBER 2019

i
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis titled “RPLD BASED CRYPTO

PROCESSOR” is the bonafide work of Ms. Antlin Joshiha V (Reg No:

2018212001) who carried out the project work under my supervision. Certified

further, that to the best of my knowledge the work reported here in does not

form any part of any other thesis or dissertations on the basis of which a degree

or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other candidate.

Dr. S. Chandramohan, Ph.D., Dr. K. Rathnakannan, Ph.D.,

Head of the Department, Associate Professor,
Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engg, Dept.of Electrical and Electronics Engg,
College of Engineering, Guindy, College of Engineering, Guindy,
Anna University, Chennai-600 025. Anna University, Chennai-600 025.

. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 I would like to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to my
guide, Dr. K. Rathnakannan, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Embedded
System Technologies, Department of Electrical and Electronics engineering,
Anna University for his guidance, constant encouragement and support. His
extensive vision and creative thinking has been a source of inspiration for me
throughout this project.

I wish like to thank Dr. S. Chandramohan Ph.D., Head of the

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Anna University for

extending all facilities to me to work on this project.

I thank all the staff of Embedded System Technologies department for

providing the most favorable and supportive environment to carry out the

project successfully.

This work would not be complete if I fail to express my

indebtedness to almighty, my beloved parents and friends for their moral

support and encouragement at all times.

ANTLIN JOSHIHA V
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter No. Title Page No.

Abstract [English] Iii

Abstract [Tamil] Iv

Acknowledgement Vi

1. Introduction 1
1.1 Overview 1
1.2 Literature Survey 2
1.3 Objective of the Project 6
1.3.1 Challenges in the project 6
1.4 Organization of the Thesis 7

2 MATLAB SIMULINK ARUDINO

8
HARDWARE
2.1 MATLAB 8

2.1.1 MATLAB features 8

2.1.2 Simulation and model-based design 9

2.2 model based design features 9

2.2.1 MATLAB support package for

9
ARDUINO
2.3 ARUDINO microcontroller 13

2.3.1 Technical specifications 14

2.4 ZIGBEE 15

2.4.1 Features of ZIGBEE 17

2.5 Solar Panel 18

2.5.1 Intelligent embedded monitoring

18
system
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 ARDUINO support from SIMULINK 14

3.2 Simulated Results 14

4 Conclusion 26

4.1 Work Done in Phase I 26

4.2 Work Proposal For Phase II 26

List Of Abbreviations 27

Reference 28
 List of Figures

Figure No Title Page No.

2.1 AR library package 6

2.2 ARUDINO UNO 8

2.3 Comparison of wireless networks 9

2.4 Typical PV array system 10

2.5 PV module performance monitoring 11

system
2.6 End device block diagram 12
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
Advanced monitoring systems of smart grids (SG) plays significant role in the
the equipment health & performance monitoring.The current in the country
demands --------------digital communications technologies and computer
processing that has been used for decades in other industries.

--------------Solar power plant requires temperature, electric current and

voltage component faults monitoring.

Wireless sensor is a need of continuous monitoring--------------.embedded

board like ARUDINO Uno has open source software that is why it’s quiet easy
to implement control logics on this microcontroller board. Embedded controller
is algorithm analysis for normal and abnormal of solar panels. Identify the
problems is monitoring in the solar panels and to communicate with wireless
networks

1.2 Literature Survey

The details about the various papers referred in the project are provided in below
Chagitha Ranhotigamage, et al (IEEE2011),the paper discusses on
 The developed system can be used up to 146 V and 15.5 A solar cell
systems with automatic selection of best resolutions.
 Adjustable scan speeds eliminate 50 Hz AC interference from solar
simulator.
 Use of filters to allow DC values from AC signals from MPP
controllers.
Y. Rashidi, et al “Wireless Zigbee System for Performances Monitoring of
Photovoltaic Panels” discusses on…
A graphical user interface was developed using the Lab View
environment to monitor the real-time voltage, current, and power and

1
 the status of each PV module using GUI algorithm.
………………………atleast 10 papers or more

1.3 Objective of the Project

 To design and develop ……….voltage current, and temperature etc.,
 To develop of new algorithm for …………….
 To determine performance of the ……….
 To attempt and develop a ----------- Algorithm that controlls--------------
using embedded controller.
 To control-----------by the Arudino Embedded controller to a central
monitor station.
1.3.1 Challenges in the project
The development of new algorithm that supports embedded controller with
ARDUINO board of
1. Data acquisition ----with interfacing Arduino board to Matlab simulink
Tool
2. Programming the i/o peripherals & i/o interface of the arduino boards
3.Study of --- technology & wireless communication based on Zigbee
protocol
4.Study and analysis of ------- signal analysis technique for data
communication with higher S/N ratio
5. Development of control algorithm to control -----------
6. control---------- using new algorithms
7. Communication of the data to monitor station using Zigbee technology..

1.4 Organization of the Thesis

  Chapter 1 deals with introduction, Literature survey, Objective of the
project, Organization of the thesis.
 Chapters 2 briefly discuss MATLAB support -----hardware Module and
Zigbee.
 Chapter 3 presents the basic simulation, Hardware Interfacing .
 Chapter 4 projects the work done in phase I and work proposal for
phase II.

CHAPTER 2
MATLAB Interface with ARUDINO HARDWARE
 2.1 MATLAB
Matlab is a high-performance language for technical computing. It integrates
computation, programming and visualization in a user-friendly environment
where problems and solutions are expressed in an easy-to-understand
mathematical notation. Matlab is an interactive system whose basic data element
is an array that does not require dimensioning. This allows the user to solve
many technical computing problems,
.
2.1.1 MATLAB FEATURES
• High-level language for numerical computation, visualization, and
application development
• Interactive environment for iterative exploration, design, and problem
solving
• Mathematical functions for linear algebra, statistics, Fourier analysis,
filtering, optimization, numerical integration, and solving ordinary
differential equations
• Built-in graphics for visualizing data and tools for creating custom plots
• Tools for building applications with custom graphical interfaces
• Functions for integrating MATLAB based algorithms with external
applications and languages such as C, Java, .NET, and Microsoft® Excel
2.1.2 SIMULATION AND MODEL-BASED DESIGN
Simulink is a block diagram environment for multi domain simulation and
Model-Based Design. It supports system-level design, simulation, automatic
code generation, and continuous test and verification of embedded systems.
Simulink provides a graphical editor, customizable block libraries, and solvers
for modeling and simulating dynamic systems. It is integrated with
MATLAB®, enabling you to incorporate MATLAB algorithms into models
and export simulation results to MATLAB for further analysis.

2.1.3 MODEL BASED DESIGN FEATURES

• Graphical editor for building and managing hierarchical block diagrams
 • Libraries of predefined blocks for modeling continuous-time and
discrete-time systems
• Simulation engine with fixed-step and variable-step ODE solvers
• Scopes and data displays for viewing simulation results
• Project and data management tools for managing model files and data
• Model analysis tools for refining model architecture and increasing
simulation speed
• MATLAB Function block for importing MATLAB algorithms into models
• Legacy Code Tool for importing C and C++ code into models
2.1.4 MATLAB SUPPORT PACKAGE FOR ARDUINO:

In serial port communication information transfers one bit at a time. MATLAB

Support Package for Arduino allows you to communicate with an Arduino
Uno. It consists of a MATLAB API on the host computer and a server
program. that runs on the Arduino.
 Figure2.1 arudino library package[6]

1 DIGITAL INPUT

Purpose Get logical value of digital input pin

Description
• If the logical value of the digital pin is LOW, the block outputs 0.
• If the logical value of the digital pin is HIGH, the block outputs 1.
The data type of the block output is uint8.
If you simulate your model without running it on the target hardware,
this block outputs zeroes. See “Block Produces Zeros in Simulation”
 2 DIGITAL OUTPUT

Purpose Set logical value of digital output pin

Description
Set the logical value of a digital pin on the Arduino® hardware:
• Sending 1 to the block input sets the logical value of the digital pin HIGH to
5 V or 3.3 V, depending on the board voltage.
• Sending 0 to the block input sets the logical value of the digital pin LOW to
0 V.
The block input inherits the data type of the upstream block, and
internally converts it to boolean.
If you simulate your model without running it on the target hardware,this
block does nothing. See “Block Produces Zeros in Simulation”

3 ANALOG INPUT

Purpose Measure voltage of analog input pin

Description
Measure the voltage of an analog pin relative to the analog input
reference voltage on the Arduino® hardware. Output the measurement
as a 10-bit value that ranges from 0 to 1023.
• If the measured voltage equals the ground voltage, the block outputs
• If the measured voltage equals the analog reference voltage, the Block
outputs 1023.

4 PWM

Purpose Generate PWM waveform on analog output pin

Description
Use pulse-width modulation (PWM) to change the duty-cycle of square-wave
pulses output by a PWM pin on the Arduino® hardware.
PWM enables a digital output to provide a range of different power levels,
similar to that of an analog output.
The value sent to the block input determines the width of the square wave,
called duty-cycle that the target hardware outputs on the specified PWM pin.
The range of valid outputs is 0 to 255.
5 SERIAL RECEIVE

Purpose Get one byte of data from serial port

Description
Get one byte of data per sample period from the receive buffer of the
specified serial port.
The Serial Receive block has two block outputs, Data and Status.
When data is available:
• The Data block output emits data from the serial receive buffer.
• The Status block output emits 1.
When data is not available:
• The Data block output emits 255.
 • The Status block output emits 0.
The data type of the Data block output is uint8.
The data type of the Status block output is int. You can use the Status block
output to determine whether a value of 255 emitted by the Data
block output is data, or an indication that no data was received.
.
6 SERIAL TRANSMIT

Purpose Send buffered data to serial port

Description
Send buffered data to the specified serial port The Arduino® Uno
hardware has one serial port device, serial port 0, connected to the
digital pins marked TX 1 and RX 0. If you set the Port number
parameter to 0, this block transmits over the digital pin marked TX 1.
The block input accepts vector or scalar uint8 data. To convert a data
source to uint8, use a Data Type Conversion block.

2.3 ARUDINO MICROCONTROLLER

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has
14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog
inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, The Uno differs from all preceding boards
in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features
the Atmega8U2 programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.

Figure 2.2 ARUDINO UNO[4]

2.3.1TECHINAL SPECIFICATIONS
 Microcontroller ATmega328
Operating Voltage 5V
Supply Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
Maximum supply voltage (not 20
recommended)
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

Analog Input Pins 6

DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328)
bootloader o.5KB
SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed 16 MHz

2.4 ZIGBEE
ZigBee is a standards-based technology for remote monitoring, control and
sensor network applications. ZigBee utilizes IEEE 802.15.4 compliant radios. It
has 16 channels in the 2.4 GHz band, each with 5 MHz of bandwidth. The
Transmission range is between 1 and 100 m with a 250 Kb/s data rate. The
ZigBee standard is the good solution that specifically addresses the typical
requirements for wireless control and monitoring applications for a renewable
generation system such as: large number of nodes/sensors/devices, very low
system/node costs, low-power consumption, reliable and secure links between
network nodes, easy deployment and configuration. Furthermore,ZigBee
supports self-healing mesh networking which is a decentralized network
topology. It allows nodes to find new routes throughout the network if one
route fails, making ZigBee a robust wireless solution .There are three logical
device types in a ZigBee network –i) Coordinator (ii) Router and (iii) End
device. A ZigBee network consists of a Coordinator node and multiple Routers
and End-device nodes. The coordinator is the device that “starts” a ZigBee
network. It is the first device on the network. The coordinator node chooses a
channel and a network identifier and then starts the network. The coordinator
node can also be used, optionally, to assist in setting up security and
application-level bindings in the network. The router functions are allowing
other devices to join the network and assisting in communication by delivering
the message of the end-device The end-device has no specific responsibility for
maintaining the network infrastructure, so it can sleep and wake up as it
chooses. End-devices only wake periodically to send and/or receive data
to/from their parent. An example network is shown in the diagram below, with
the ZigBee coordinator, the routers and the end devices. The Zigbee is a cost-
effective, low power, ZigBee Processor that provides full ZigBee functionality
with a short development time.
.

Figure2.3 Comparison of wireless networks[10]

2.4.1 Features of Zigbee

1. Key Features:
 Outdoor range up to 300 feet (90 m) line of sight
 Indoor range up to 100 feet (30 m)
 Data rate up to 250 Kbps
 2.4 GHz frequency band (accepted world-wide)

2. Application Ideas:

 Remote Industrial Control and Monitoring

 Long range remote control
 Wireless data acquisition

3. Specifications

 Digital I/O lines

 I/O line passing
 Analog-to-digital conversion
 16 channels
 128-bit encryption
 Voltage requirements: 2.8 to 3.4 VDC (reduced performance below
3.0V)
 Current requirements: ~45 mA (transmit), ~50 mA (receive), <10 uA
(sleep)
 Communication: CMOS UART @ ~3.3V
 Dimensions: 1.08" L x 0.96" W x 0.16" H (27.61 x 24.38 x 4.06 mm)
 Operating temperature range: -40 to +185 °F (-40 to +85 °C)
 3.2 SIMULATED RESULTS
a. This model shows a Electrical Networks, such as might be used as part of a
monitoring controller. It also illustrates how numerical simulation issues can
arise in some idealize circuits.
b.Gmsk signal BER,SNR rate monitoring in the simulink model
c. Signal analysis programming ARDUINO UNO with SIMULINK
d. This model shows a circuit breaker Networks When the 20V supply is
applied at one second, it results in a current that exceeds the circuit breaker
current rating, and hence the breaker trips. The reset is then pressed at three
seconds, and the voltage is ramped up. The breaker then trips just beyond the
circuit breaker current rating.
This chapter discusses on the1. Modelling of-------
Interface of Matlab Simulink with--------
Interface of Matlab with Embeddd Arduino board --
 CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION

4.1 Work Done in Phase I

 Literature survey on the topic intelligent monitoring system…
 study and analysis of GMSK …as a suitable signal analysis
technique for data communication with higher S/N ratio.
 Learnt the features of , 802.15.4 and zigbee.
 data acquisition of sensor signals for performance monitoring of
solar panels with interfacing -- board to Matlab simulink Tool.
 Learnt the features of --micro controller

4.2 Work Proposal For Phase II

 Communication of the data to central --technology.
 Programming the i/o peripherals & i/o interface of the --boards.
 Development of control algorithm to control --
 Signal analysis ---using new algorithms.
 LIST OF ABBREVIATION

SG Smart grids
GUI Graphical User interface
MPP Maximum Power Tracking
LwIP (lightweight IP)
GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
LPSP Loss of Power Supply Probability
PV Photovoltaic PV
MCU Microcontroller Unit

REFERENCES
1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel
2.Y. Rashidi, et al “Wireless Zigbee System for Performances Monitoring of
Photovoltaic Panels” IEEE 2011
3.Chagitha Ranhotigamage, et al “Field Trials and Performance Monitoring of
Distributed Solar Panels Using a Low-Cost Wireless Sensors Network for
Domestic Applications” IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, VOL. 11, NO. 10,
OCTOBER 2011

4.http://arduino.cc/en/Main/arduinoBoardDuemilanove

5.http://www.mathworks.in/help/simulink/ug/configure-serial-
communications.html

6.http://www.mathworks.in/hardware-support/arduino-matlab.html

7.http://www.mathworks.in/matlabcentral/fileexchange/32374-matlab-support-
package-for-arduino-aka-arduinoio-package

8.http://www.instructables.com/id/Arduino-IO-Matlab-basic-tutorial/

9.http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/SoftwareSerial

10 . http ://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=buV11ZPJ7MQ