INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

ON

SIX WEEK INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

at

EUREKA ELECTROSOFT SOLUTIONS Pvt. Ltd.

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE

AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)

June - July 2018

SUBMITTED BY:

NAME: VAIBHAV THAKUR

UNIVERSITY ROLL NO.: 16UEC015

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGY (SEET)

BADDI UNIVERSITY OF EMERGING SCIENCES AND

TECHNOLOGY (BUEST), Baddi (H.P)
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SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGY,

BUEST, BADDI.

CANDIDATE'S DECLARATION

I “VAIBHAV THAKUR” hereby declare that I have undertaken six week training at

“NIIT DHARAMSHALA” during a period from June to July 2018 in partial fulfillment

of requirements for the award of degree of B.Tech (Electronics and Communication

Engineering) at SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGY,

BUEST, BADDI. The work which is being presented in the training report submitted to

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at SCHOOL OF

ENGINEERING AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGY, BUEST, BADDI is an authentic

record of training work.

Signature of the Student

The software / industrial training Viva–Voce Examination of__________________ has

been held on ____________ and accepted.

Signature of Internal Examine.

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ABSTRACT

PROJECT TITLE:- FLOOD DETECTOR

PROJECT DESCRIPTION:-

 During the making/developing of this project we explored new ideas and functionality

behind the working of ARDUINI ATMEGA 8 and the concepts of IOT (INTERNET

OF THINGS).

 This project is the output of our planning, schedule, programming skill and the hard

work, and this report reflects our steps taken at various levels of programming skill,

planning and schedule.

 We have learnt a lot during this project and liked the improvement in our testing skills

and deep concept related to these kinds of projects.

 In our project, we made a Flood Detector which is similar to the other Flood Detectors

which are already in use on a larger scale.

 With this project we can find out the level of water if it is above or below the danger

level.

 We have used Ultra Sonic sensors to find out the level of water, then the readings of the

water level are send to us by wireless means i.e through the WIFI Module that we have

used to connect it through the technology named IOT.

 These readings are directly sent to us on our laptops and mobile phones as we have

created an application for the same.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The experience of making the project had been productive and enjoyable. It proved an

opportunity for me to upgrade my skills and added my professional knowledge. In

course of present work it has been my privilege to receive help and assistance from

many quarters. Before we get into the thick of things, we would like to share few

heartfelt words with the people who were the part of project in numerous ways.

My primary thanks goes to Mr. Lalit, my project guide who poured over every inch of

the manuscript with attention to detail and made a semi-infinite number of helpful

suggestions.

Also would like to thanks to all my friends for being instrumental in making this project

possible and successful.

VAIBHAV THAKUR
ROLL NUMBER: 16UEC015
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TABLE OF CONTENT

Candidate Declaration 1
Abstract 2
Acknowledgement 3
Table Of Content 4-5
List Of Figure Fig.
3.2(a)
3.2(b)
3.3
3.4

Chapter 1 Introduction To The Organization 6

1.1 Making IT happen 6-7
1.2 EESPL – Where Progress is a Winning Habit 7
1.3 EESPL – The Background and Essence of Operation 7
1.4 Including within Minds, Imparting Technologies 7-8
1.5 Vision & Mission Target 8
1.6 Core Values 8

Chapter 2 Industrial Training Work Undertaken 9

2.1 Embedded System 9
2.2 History Of Embedded System 9-10
2.3 Micro Controllers 10-11
2.4 Applications 11-12
2.5 Characteristics 12
2.6 Processors In Embedded System 12
2.7 Embedded Products in Today’s Industry 13
2.8 Internet Of Things (IOT) 13

Chapter 3 Project Work 14

3.1 Introduction To The Project 14
3.2 Technologies Used In Project 14
1) LED 14
2) SWITCH 14
3) ARDUINO 14
4) Power Source 15
5) LCD 15
6) ATMEGA 8 15
7) Resistor 16
8) Capacitor 16
9) Crystal Oscillator 16
10) Transistor 16-17
11) Transformer 17
12) DC Motor 17
13) WIFI Module (ESP 8266) 17
14) Ultra Sonic Sensor 18
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3.3 Working 18-19

3.3.1 Coding/ Program Used 19-22

Chapter 4 Result And Discussion 23

4.1 Result 23
4.2 Future Use 23

Chapter 5 Conclusion 24

Refrences 25

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION
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 Eureka Electro Soft Solutions Pvt. Ltd. (EESPL) is a Multi Domain Organization, covering
almost all major trends of modern day technology. From the day of our establishment, we
have been constantly widening our horizons and spreading out our feathers to meet the ever
increasing demands of our clients.

1.1:Making it happen
Right from its birth in year 2002, Eureka Electro soft Solutions Pvt. Ltd. (EESPL) has
emerged out as a pioneer in the field of Electronics and Electrical based Research &
Development Company. We are working for our prestigious clients to provide services in
Industrial Automation, VLSI, Embedded-Systems, Telecom & MATLAB related research
and Product development work.

At EEAST that is our technical training and man power skill enhancement unit providing
technical programs in the most advanced Electronics & Electrical Field, we always try to
cover the gap between the theoretical and practical aspects of modern technology.

Being the first and the most experienced company of the region to work in Embedded
Systems, VLSI & Industrial Automation, EEAST is famous as the most trusted brand for its
most advanced training programs.

As said "Survival is for the fittest" and in today's cut-throat competitive world, if an Engineer
has to survive in the industry, he must be familiar with the most recent technology trends.

Considering this into the mind, we at EEAST provide the Job oriented advanced Electronics
trainings in the most recent technology domains. During this training, our primary goal is to
enhance the technical & other personal skills of an individual in such a way that he can meet
the needs of the global market.

It helps them to present themselves professionally in the Industry and become confident
enough to face the interviews easily.

Augmentation is a dream virtue of every performer - we at EESPL envisaged on a theme for

providing a new epitome of IT solutions in the embedded, Telecom & Software based
Product development services. Our edge right from the start was creating a perceptible
differentiation among the plethora of communized IT solutions.
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1.2: EESPL - Where Progress is a Winning Habit

Eureka Electro Soft Solutions Pvt. Ltd. (EESPL) is primarily operating as a registered R & D
lab for the development and conception of Advanced Automation related software and
hardware solutions. Our expertise includes electronics and software based stand alone
solutions as well as combined integrated solutions termed as "Electro soft Solutions". At
EESPL over the years we have developed a core competency to maximize the quality &
innovation parameter while working on any task. Our proven values have made us as a prime
leader in providing customized solutions.

It is our stiff endeavor to amplify our clients' viewpoints and to carve up their thoughts. This
in turn is transformed into factual scenario working models with a collection of prime
technological aspects. All this is and much more in the shortest turnaround period.

1.3: EESPL - The Background and Essence of Operations

The year 2005 witnessed the birth of a visualization – which was to impart economy with a
pinnacle swiftness of innovation in contemporary Industrial IT Solutions. There came EESPL
and a new chapter of imparting excellence in IT techniques came into subsistence.

That was the foundation and today the road voyaged by EESPL encompasses years of
reliance, accomplishments and above all unlimited bonds. The bonds that speak for
themselves, the relationships that reflect factual progress. Triumph at EESPL is defined as the
never ending smile on our dear customer's face. At EESPL we do not impart conception, we
create endearing teams.

1.4: Indulging within Minds, Imparting Technologies

Understanding the pulsation of a customer forms our principal challenge. Assurances that
mean results, efforts that capitulate advancement and outcomes that move imaginings form
the spirit of our day after day working. Timeliness is of chief value to us and understanding
the modern day race for time, we deliver the maximum in minimum and that too with
precision. Our approach of operation also constitutes of a dedicated Registered Research and
Development lab to make available the final deliverables with thread bare technologies.
Our precedence is often devised on the scale of our customer's desires. After carefully
analyzing on the need based approach we craft a well planned set of operations – each
fragment is build with an in depth focus on customer's requirements.
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1.5 :Vision & Mission Target

Our corporate vision is to provide a fully functional IT platform to all complex tasks thereby
inducing a greater sense of effectiveness and to consistently create value for money, by
providing solutions which enable our customers to achieve excellence and sustainable
competitive edge.

Our mission statement is to provide endearing technologies of future in the present era and
for that we are committed to develop innovative and the most valuable solutions to our
customers as our motto is "Changing Ideas into Reality".

1.6 :Core Values

Innovation
Flexibility is the key to our offerings, and intrinsic to this flexibility, is the spirit of
Innovation that we bring to our products and services - from the very first stage of design to
implementation and customer support.

Competence t EESPL we always pride ourselves on the vision, skills, expertise and
professionalism of our team. Our team members make use of their keen Competence to
foresee industry trends and meet demanding customer needs. And the working of their
collective minds in a highly supportive environment ensures that our products and services
retain a competitive edge at all times.

Quality Objectives
Quality forms the basis of our work culture. To impart the right and the leading technology,
we follow the most rigorous norms. Each of our product stage goes through multi check
points. Every possible situation is thought of and a remedial action is built in.

CHAPTER 2
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING WORK UNDERTAKEN
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2.1 EMBEDDED SYSTEM

An embedded system is a system in which an external input is given to receive an output by

performing specific process by the combination of software and hardware.

An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger

mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as
part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded systems
control many devices in common use today. Ninety-eight percent of all microprocessors are
manufactured as components of embedded systems.

Embedded systems range from portable devices such as digital watches and MP3 players, to
large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory controllers, and largely complex
systems like hybrid vehicles, MRI, and avionics. Complexity varies from low, with a
single microcontroller chip, to very high with multiple units, peripherals and networks
mounted inside a large chassis or enclosure.

2.2 HISTORY OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM

One of the very first recognizably modern embedded systems was the Apollo Guidance
Computer, developed by Charles Stark Draper at the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. At the
project's inception, the Apollo guidance computer was considered the riskiest item in the
Apollo project as it employed the then newly developed monolithic integrated circuits to
reduce the size and weight. An early mass-produced embedded system was the Autonetics D-
17 guidance computer for the Minuteman missile, released in 1961. When the Minuteman II
went into production in 1966, the D-17 was replaced with a new computer that was the first
high-volume use of integrated circuits.

Since these early applications in the 1960s, embedded systems have come down in price and
there has been a dramatic rise in processing power and functionality. An
early microprocessor for example, the Intel 4004, was designed for calculators and other
small systems but still required external memory and support chips. In 1978 National
Engineering Manufacturers Association released a "standard" for programmable
microcontrollers, including almost any computer-based controllers, such as single board
computers, numerical, and event-based controllers.

As the cost of microprocessors and microcontrollers fell it became feasible to replace

expensive knob-based analog components such as potentiometers and variable
capacitors with up/down buttons or knobs read out by a microprocessor even in consumer
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products. By the early 1980s, memory, input and output system components had been
integrated into the same chip as the processor forming a microcontroller. Microcontrollers
find applications where a general-purpose computer would be too costly.

A comparatively low-cost microcontroller may be programmed to fulfill the same role as a

large number of separate components. Although in this context an embedded system is
usually more complex than a traditional solution, most of the complexity is contained within
the microcontroller itself. Very few additional components may be needed and most of the
design effort is in the software. Software prototype and test can be quicker compared with the
design and construction of a new circuit not using an embedded processor.

2.3 MICROCONTROLLERS

Microcontroller, as the name suggests, are small controllers. They are like single chip
computers that are often embedded into other systems to function as processing/controlling
unit. For example, the remote control you are using probably has microcontrollers inside that
do decoding and other controlling functions. They are also used in automobiles, washing
machines, microwave ovens, toys ... etc, where automation is needed.

The key features of microcontrollers include:

 High Integration of Functionality
 Microcontrollers sometimes are called single-chip computers because they have on-chip
memory and I/O circuitry and other circuitries that enable them to function as small
standalone computers without other supporting circuitry.
 Field Programmability, Flexibility
 Microcontrollers often use EEPROM or EPROM as their storage device to allow field
programmability so they are flexible to use. Once the program is tested to be correct then
large quantities of microcontrollers can be programmed to be used in embedded systems.
 Easy to Use

Assembly language is often used in microcontrollers and since they usually follow RISC
architecture, the instruction set is small. The development package of microcontrollers often
includes an assembler, a simulator, a programmer to "burn" the chip and a demonstration
board. Some packages include a high level language compiler such as a C compiler and more
sophisticated libraries.

Most microcontrollers will also combine other devices such as:

 A Timer module to allow the microcontroller to perform tasks for certain time periods.
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 A serial I/O port to allow data to flow between the microcontroller and other devices
such as a PC or another microcontroller.
 An ADC to allow the microcontroller to accept analogue input data for processing.

2.4 APPLICATIONS

Embedded systems are commonly found in consumer, cooking, industrial, automotive,

medical, commercial and military applications.

Telecommunications systems employ numerous embedded systems from telephone

switches for the network to cell phones at the end user. Computer networking uses
dedicated routers and network bridges to route data.

Consumer electronics include MP3 players, mobile phones, videogame consoles, digital

cameras, GPS receivers, and printers. Household appliances, such as microwave
ovens, washing machines and dishwashers, include embedded systems to provide flexibility,
efficiency and features. Advanced HVAC systems use networked thermostats to more
accurately and efficiently control temperature that can change by time of day
and season. Home automation uses wired- and wireless-networking that can be used to
control lights, climate, security, audio/visual, surveillance, etc., all of which use embedded
devices for sensing and controlling.

Transportation systems from flight to automobiles increasingly use embedded systems. New
airplanes contain advanced avionics such as inertial guidance systems and GPS receivers that
also have considerable safety requirements. Various electric motors — brushless DC
motors, induction motors and DC motors — use electric/electronic motor
controllers. Automobiles, electric vehicles, and hybrid vehicles increasingly use embedded
systems to maximize efficiency and reduce pollution. Other automotive safety systems
include anti-lock braking system (ABS), Electronic Stability Control (ESC/ESP), traction
control (TCS) and automatic four-wheel drive.

Medical equipment uses embedded systems for vital signs monitoring, electronic

stethoscopes for amplifying sounds, and various medical imaging (PET, SPECT, CT,
and MRI) for non-invasive internal inspections. Embedded systems within medical
equipment are often powered by industrial computers.

Embedded systems are used in transportation, fire safety, safety and security, medical
applications and life critical systems, as these systems can be isolated from hacking and thus,
be more reliable. For fire safety, the systems can be designed to have greater ability to handle
higher temperatures and continue to operate. In dealing with security, the embedded systems
can be self-sufficient and be able to deal with cut electrical and communication systems.
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Embedded Wi-Fi modules provide a simple means of wirelessly enabling any device which
communicates via a serial port.

2.5 CHARACTERSTICS

Embedded systems are designed to do some specific task, rather than be a general-purpose
computer for multiple tasks. Some also have real-time performance constraints that must be
met, for reasons such as safety and usability; others may have low or no performance
requirements, allowing the system hardware to be simplified to reduce costs.

Embedded systems are not always standalone devices. Many embedded systems consist of
small parts within a larger device that serves a more general purpose. For example,
the Gibson Robot Guitar features an embedded system for tuning the strings, but the overall
purpose of the Robot Guitar is, of course, to play music. Similarly, an embedded system in
an automobile provides a specific function as a subsystem of the car itself.

The program instructions written for embedded systems are referred to as firmware, and are
stored in read-only memory or flash memory chips. They run with limited computer hardware
resources: little memory, small or non-existent keyboard or screen.

2.6PROCESSORS IN EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Embedded processors can be broken into two broad categories. Ordinary microprocessors
(μP) use separate integrated circuits for memory and peripherals. Microcontrollers (μC) have
on-chip peripherals, thus reducing power consumption, size and cost.

In contrast to the personal computer market, many different basic CPU architectures are

used, since software is custom-developed for an application and is not a commodity product
installed by the end user. Both Von Neumann as well as various degrees of Harvard
architectures are used. RISC as well as non-RISC processors are found. Word lengths vary
from 4-bit to 64-bits and beyond, although the most typical remain 8/16-bit.

Numerous microcontrollers have been developed for embedded systems use. General-purpose

microprocessors are also used in embedded systems, but generally require more support
circuitry than microcontrollers.

2.7 Embedded Products in Today’s Industry

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Telecom- Mobile phone systems, modems, routers.

Automotive Applications- Braking systems, traction systems, airbag release systems, engine-
management units, steer-by-wire systems, cruise control applications

Domestic Appliances- Dishwashers, televisions, washing machines microwave ovens, Video

recorders, security systems, garage door controllers, calculators, digital watches, VCRs,
Digital cameras, Remote controls, Treadmills.

Robotic- Fire fighting robots, Automatic floor cleaner, robotic arm etc.

Aerospace Applications- Flight control systems, engine controllers, autopilots, passenger in-
flight entertainment systems.

Medical Equipment- An aesthesia monitoring systems, ECG monitors, Pacemakers, Drug

delivery systems,MRI scanners

Defense Systems- Radar systems, fighter aircraft flight control systems, radio systems,
missile guidance systems

Office Automation- Laser printers, fax machines, pagers, cash registers, gas pumps,
credit/debit card readers, thermostats, grain analyzers

2.8 INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)

The Internet Of Things (IOT) is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances,
and other items embedded with electronics, software,sensors etc which enables these things
to connect, collect and exchange data.

IoT involves extending Internet connectivity beyond standard devices, such as desktop,
laptops, smartphones and tablets, to any range of traditionally dumb or non-internet objects.

Embedded with technology, these devices can communicate and interact with internet, and
they can be remotely monitored and controlled.

CHAPTER 3
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PROJECT WORK

3.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT

A remote control vehicle is defined as any vehicle that is teleoperated by a means that does
not restrict its motion when an origin external to the device. This is often a radio control
device, cable between control and vehicle, or an infrared controller. A remote control vehicle
differs from a robot in that the RCV is always controlled by a human and takes no positive
actions automatically.

3.2 TECHNOLOGIES USED IN THE PROJECT

1) LED:-
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p–n
junction diode that emits light when activated. When a suitable voltage is applied to the
leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing
energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of
the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band
gap of the semiconductor. LEDs are typically small (less than 1 mm2) and integrated
optical components may be used to shape the radiation pattern.

2) SWITCH:-
An electrical switch is any device used to interrupt the flow of electrons in a circuit.
Switches are essentially binary devices: they are either completely on (“closed”) or
completely off (“open”). There are many different types of switches.
(a) Push to Open Switch
(b) Push to Close Switch
(c) Toggle Switch
(d) Slider Switch

3) ARDUINO:-
Arduino refers to an open source electronic platform or board and the software used to
program it. Arduino is designed to make electronics more accessible to artists, designers,
hobbyist, and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environment. An
Arduino board can be purchased pre-assembled or, because the hardware design is open
source, built by hand. Either way, users can adapt the board to their needs, as well as
update and distribute their own vision.

4) POWER SUPPLY:-
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DC power supplies use AC mains electricity as an energy source. Such power supplies
will employ a transformer to convert the input voltage to a higher or lower AC voltage.
A rectifier is used to convert the transformer output voltage to a varying DC voltage,
which in turn is passed through an electronic filter to convert it to an unregulated DC
voltage.

Fig. 3.2(a)

5) LCD:-

A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated

optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals
do not emit light directly, instead using a backlight or reflector to produce images in
colour or monochrome. LCDs are available to display arbitrary images (as in a general-
purpose computer display) or fixed images with low information content, which can be
displayed or hidden, such as preset words, digits, and 7-segment displays, as in a digital
clock. They use the same basic technology, except that arbitrary images are made up of a
large number of small pixels, while other displays have larger elements.

6) ATMEGA 8:-

It is an 28 pin IC. The ATmega8 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on

the AVR RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle,
the ATmega8achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz, allowing the system
designer to optimize power consumption ver- sus processing speed.
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Fig.3.2(b)

7) RESISTOR:-
A resistor is a two-terminal electronic component that produces a voltage across its
terminals that is proportional to the electric current through it in accordance with Ohm's
law:
V=IR

8) CAPACITOR:-
Capacitor passive electronic component consisting of a pair of conductors separated by a
dielectric. When a voltage potential difference exists between the conductors, an electric
field is present in the dielectric. This field stores energy and produces a mechanical force
between the plates.An ideal capacitor is characterized by a single constant value,
capacitance, which is measured in farads.
C=Q/V

9) CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR:-
A crystal oscillator is an electronic circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a
vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very precise
frequency. This frequency is commonly used to keep track of time (as in quartz
wristwatches), to provide a stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and to
stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers. The most common type of
piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz crystal, so oscillator circuits designed around
them were called "crystal oscillators".

10) TRANSISTOR:-
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In electronics, a transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used to amplify or switch

electronic signals. A transistor is made of a solid piece of a semiconductor material, with
at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. The bipolar junction
transistor (BJT) was the first type of transistor to be mass-produced. Bipolar transistors
are so named because they conduct by using both majority and minority carriers. The
three terminals of the BJT are named emitter, base, and collector. The BJT consists of two
p-n junctions: the base–emitter junction and the base–collector junction, separated by a
thin region of semiconductor known as the base region.

11) TRANSFORMER:-
A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another
through inductively coupled electrical conductors. A changing current in the first circuit
(the primary) creates a changing magnetic field; in turn, this magnetic field induces a
changing voltage in the second circuit (the secondary). By adding a load to the secondary
circuit, one can make current flow in the transformer, thus transferring energy from one
circuit to the other. It is the phenomenon of mutual induction.
The secondary induced voltage VS, of an ideal transformer, is scaled from theprimary V P by a
factor equal to the ratio of the number of turns of wire in their respective windings.

Transformers are of two types:

1. Step up transformer
2. Step down transformer

In power supply we use step down transformer. We apply 220V AC on the primary of step
down transformer. This transformer steps down this voltage to 9V AC. We give this 9 V AC
to rectifier circuit, which convert it to 5V DC.

12) DC MOTOR:-
A DC motor in simple words is a device that converts electrical energy (direct current
system) into mechanical energy. It is of vital importance for the industry today, and is equally
important for engineers to look into the working principle of DC motor in details that has
been discussed in this article. In order to understand the operating principle of DC motor we
need to first look into its constructional feature.

13) WIFI MODULE (ESP 8266):-

ESP8266 (technically ESP8266EX) is a WiFi Module based on Cadence Tensilica L106 32-
bit MCU manufactured by Espressif Systems. The ESP8266 SoC contains a fully functional
WiFi Stack and TCP/IP Stack that allows any Microcontroller to get connected to WiFi
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Network.With Software Development Kits (SDKs), you can directly program the ESP8266’s
on-chip Microcontroller, without the need for an external Microcontroller.

14) ULTRA SONIC SENSOR

The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor uses sonar to determine distance to an object like bats do. It
offers excellent non-contact range detection with high accuracy and stable readings in an
easy-to-use package.From 2cm to 400 cm or 1” to 13 feet. Its operation is not affected by
sunlight or black material like sharp rangefinders are (although acoustically soft materials
like cloth can be difficult to detect). It comes complete with ultrasonic transmitter and
receiver module.The ultrasonic sensor uses sonar to determine the distance to an object.The
time between the transmission and reception of the signal allows us to know the distance to
an object. This is possible because we know the sound’s velocity in the air.

Fig. 3.3

3.3 WORKING

Wireless Water Level Indicator Using Ultrasonic sensor & Arduino is an amazing and very
useful project. The objective of this project is to notify the user the amount of water that is
present in the overhead water tank. This project can be further enhanced to control the water
level in the tank by turning it ON, when the water level is LOW, and turning it OFF when the
water level is HIGH. Thus, the Arduino water level indicator helps in preventing wastage of
water in overhead tank. This project is wireless so, it is easy to install and it can work up to
100 meters.

In this project two circuits are used: a transmitter circuit and a receiver circuit. The
transmitter circuit makes use of an ultrasonic sensor to measure the water level in terms of
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distance. This data is sent to the receiver circuit using RF communication. The water level is
shown in terms of meters on a 16×2 LCD module, which is connected to receiver circuit.

All this information is now sent to the user by wireless means i.e through the WiFi Module
using the technology named IOT. This information is send to the application that has been
created by the user and allows us to know that the water level is above or below the danger
level. A graph for the same is also obtained for the same.

IOT allows us to view the details about the water level from within the country or outside the
country. The only requirement is that the circuit have to be ON.

3.3.1 CODING/ PROGRAM USED :-

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13);
const int trigPin = 2;
const int echoPin = 3;
long duration;
unsigned char distance;
unsigned char a;
void InitialWifiSetup() {
Serial.print("ATE0"); //disable echo
Serial.write(13);
Serial.write(10);
Serial.print("AT+CWQAP"); //quit access point
Serial.write(13);
Serial.write(10);
Serial.print("AT+UART=9600,8,1,0,0"); //uart connection
Serial.write(13);
Serial.write(10);
delay(500);
Serial.print("AT+CWMODE=3"); //wifi mode
Serial.write(13);
Serial.write(10);
delay(700);
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Serial.print("AT+CIPMUX=1"); //multiplexer
Serial.write(13);
Serial.write(10);
delay(700);
Serial.print("AT+CWJAP=\""); //join access point
Serial.print("reven"); /////change here for wifi name
Serial.print("\",\"");
Serial.print("abhi7968"); ///change here for wifi pass
Serial.print("\"");
Serial.write(13);
Serial.write(10);
delay(10000);
}
void data_uploading(unsigned char sensor1, unsigned char sensor2, unsigned
char sensor3)
{
Serial.print("AT+CIPSTART=4,\"TCP\",\"www.techpacs.com\",80");
//conection to side
Serial.write(13);
Serial.write(10);
delay(2000);
Serial.print("AT+CIPSEND=4,119");//bits send
Serial.write(13);
Serial.write(10);
delay(2000);
Serial.print("GET http://iot.techpacs.com/para_records.php?
kid=348013&par=_ms1"); //kit id changes
Serial.print(sensor1);
Serial.print("_2");
Serial.print(sensor2);
Serial.print("_3");
Serial.print(sensor3);
 21 1

Serial.print(" HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: www.hostgator.com\r\n\r\n\r\n"); //server

address
delay(1000);
}
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
InitialWifiSetup();
lcd.begin(16, 2);
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("initializing....");
delay(500);
lcd.clear();

}
void loop() {
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Distance: ");
lcd.print(distance);
lcd.print(" cm");
data_uploading(a, a, a);
if (distance <= 30)
{
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
 22 1

lcd.print(" DANGER LEVEL ");

a = distance;
}
else if (distance > 30)
{
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(" SAFE LEVEL ");
a = distance;
}

Fig.
3.4
CHAPTER 4
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
 23 1

4.1RESULT

 This is a miniature version of Flood Detector that are presently used in Hydro Projects
world wide.

 A water detector is an electronic device that is designed to detect the presence of water

and provide an alert in time to allow the prevention of water leakage

 Water leak detection is an expression more commonly used for larger, integrated systems
installed in modern buildings or those containing valuable artifacts, materials or other
critical assets where early notification of a potentially damaging leak would be
beneficial. In particular, water leak detection has become a necessity in data centers,
trading floors, banks, archives and other mission-critical infrastructure.

 This project now only helps us to keep a track of the water level but also if made on a
larger scale can help to save the lives of people who live near to the dams or seas.

 This project gives us the ability to stay at home and work, as this has been connected
through a WiFi Module and the use of IOT we are able to track all the data that is being
generated and sent to us in the application that we have created.

4.2 FUTURE USE

 Flood Detectors can be used in Hydro Power Stations.

 These can be used in areas that are near to the dams or sea.

 These can be used by people who are into research of things near to any water body and
have to moniter the level of water for safety reasons.

 The major use of flood detectors are in Dams, when all the gates of a dam a opened.

 College students and teachers can also work on the same for minor projects or if these
projects are given to them by the government with a huge budget.

CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSIONS
 24 1

This project has been the most rewarding experience I have had in my college life till now. It
presented me a good exposure on what is it like to work on real-world project. I never
thought I would finish this project myself. I have learnt how to undertake certain task under
pressure going through my entire life cycle and making me realize the importance of this
wonderful technology.

REFRENCES

1 https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_intro.asp
 25 1

2 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/AngularJS
3 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sdlc/sdlc_quick_guide.htm
4 http://www.eespl.com/