3.1 Give the definition of science, technology, and society.

Science may be defined as the system of knowledge of the natural world gained through the scientific
method. It was originally called “Philosophy of the natural world” since it stemmed from the ancient
Greeks’ desire to know about nature. Meanwhile, technology comes from the Greek words tekhne,
meaning “art or craft” and -logia, meaning a “subject or interest”. Taken together, the terms mean
“practical application of what we know about nature” (McNamara, Valverde, Beleno, 2018)

Society is defined by Merriam as people in general thought of as living together in organized

communities with shared laws, traditions, and values. The people of a particular country, area, time, etc.,
thought of especially as an organized community. In a sociological perspective, societies are being
dissected with respect with its social interactions, processes that preserve and changer them. It relies on
the values, morals, and prejudices of the people within the society.

3.2 Discuss the relationships between the three concepts above.

According Alipio T. Garcia, a professor of Physics in UP Diliman, the interaction of the aforementioned is
absolutely complex. The science is the process of the way of knowing or being knowledgeable, seeking
answers, looking for explanations and understanding the explanations. On the other hand, technology is
the ability to control, alter, modify, tamper, and troubleshoot the knowledge available in order to suit a
practical application that is hopefully practical to the society. Lastly society is composed mainly of people
with values, morals, prejudices, problems and priorities. The society is also the creator of science and
technology as well as the end-user, encompassing all the constraints that is present in the society.

Science interaction varies with geography and ethnology, time, and state of global affairs. When it comes
to ethnology, the science technology and society differs in the traditions of the society, whether very
religious or highly industrialized. On the other hand, time explains that throughout our history, factors
and systems change.

3.3 Identify and explain the scope of STS.

STS highlights the significant technological developments throughout history that shaped human
civilizations. It also engages the students in reflective and discursive thinking on the role of science and
technology in the hopes of a better life and to alleviate our daily problems as a society. STS also
established the current issues and scientific realities that we as a well- functioning society.

3.4 Identify and discuss briefly the ethical dilemmas of science, technology, and society.

Let us first define the meaning of dilemma. A dilemma is a situation where a person is forced to choose
two or more conflicting options, neither of which is acceptable. The person is choosing between two
options that will result to something that he/she does not want. Moral dilemmas are situations where
persons who are called moral agents in ethics are forced to choose between two or more conflicting
options, neither of which resolves the situation in a morally acceptable manner.

In science there are numerous ethical dilemmas. For this matter I will just mention two. The first
advancement in technology that poses an ethical dilemma is the Gene alterations/ reengineering of
humans. Some computer programs or equipment are designed to read genomes and edit them. This
poses a dilemma for people who has a strong faith in religion and believes that whatever was created by
God must not be altered by scientists/humans. Another example is a robot doing the jobs of a religious

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 worker such as priests or pastors. People might find it immoral to be engaged in religious practices that
doesn’t involve the presence of a priest or a pastor.

3.5 Explain the social implications of the dilemmas.

The playing God has ever been a strong argument opposing the genetic engineering. Some societies have
not embraced the idea of altering one’s genome. Some may find it unethical and unacceptable since we
are acting as if we can perform anything beyond our limitations or what is expected of us.

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