i) Define standard normal probability distribution

ii) Poisson distribution is a good approximation of binomial when n greater than ….. and p is
less than or equal to ….

iii) The parameters of the binomial distribution are …. and ……….

iv) Standard error of the mean ……….. as the sample size ………..

v) Properties of sampling distribution

vi) Define central limit theorem

vii) The …………………………. of a discrete random variable is a table, graph, formula, or other
device used to specify all possible values of a discrete random variable along with their
respective probabilities.

viii) Explain standard error of proportion

ix) When sampling is with replacement from a infinite population, the sampling distribution of will
have mean and variance……………and ……………….

x) A ……………… is a single numerical value used to estimate the

corresponding population parameter.

xi) A …………… may be defined simply as a statement about one or more

populations.

xii) The estimate is a single computed value, but the ………………… is the rule that tell us how to
compute this value, or estimate.

xiii) The ………….. is defined as the smallest value of α for which the null hypothesis can be
rejected.

xiv) General formula for test statistic …………………...

xv) Variance ratio for complete randomized design is ……………………..

xvi) Chi-square distribution is to test the null hypothesis that two criteria of classification, when
applied to the same set of entities, are independent. Name the test …………………………

xvii) P( µ- σ < x < µ+ σ) = …………….

P( µ- 2σ< x < µ+ 2σ)= ………….

P( µ-3σ < x < µ+ 3σ) = ……………..

xviii) P( L ≤  ≤ U ) = ……………..

xix) Null and Alternate hypothesis

xx) General formula for test statistic …………………...

xxi) Differentiate between probability and non probability sampling

xxii) . Write the Assumptions of regression models…
xxiii) . Explain type1 and type 2 error
 1
xxiv) A physical therapist wished to estimate, with 99 percent confidence, the mean maximal strength
of a particular muscle in a certain group of individuals. He is willing to assume that strength
scores are approximately normally distributed with a variance of 144. A sample of 15 subjects
who participated in the experiment yielded a mean of 84.3. Calculate the confidence
intervals.(critical value :2.58)
xxv)
xxvi) A physician would like to know the mean fasting blood glucose value (milligrams per 100
ml) of patients seen in a diabetes clinic over the past 10 years. Determine the number of
2 records the physician should examine in order to obtain a 95 percent confidence interval for if
the desired width of the interval is 6 units and a pilot sample yields a variance of 60.(critical
value :1.96)
xxvii) Steps to follow when population standard deviation is unknown during sample size
determination..
xxviii)
Explain the level of significance and interpolation and extrapolation method of regression
analysis
.Steps of sampling process

Factors that determine sample size determination

Explain type1 and type 2 error

3 averageWenumber
wish to estimate the average number of heart beats per minute for a certain population. The
of heart beats per minute for a sample of 49 subjects was found to be 90. Assume that these
49 patients constitute a random sample, and that the population is normally distributed with a standard
deviation of 10.(CRITICAL VALUE:1.96) Calculate confidence intervals

A survey is being planned to determine what proportion of families in a certain area are
medically indigent. It is believed that the proportion cannot be greater than .35. A 95
4 percent confidence interval is desired with What size sample of families should
be selected? .(CRITICAL VALUE:1.96)

ASSUMPTIONS of linear regression models

Explain the level of significance and interpolation and extrapolation method of regression analysis

What is RANDOMIZED BLOCK trial? Explain with illustration.

i) . Measurements of gastric secretion of hydrochloric acid (milliequivalents per hour) in 16

11 normal subjects and 10 subjects with duodenal ulcer yielded the following results:

Normal
6.3, 2.0, 2.3, 0.5, 1.9, 3.2, 4.1, 4.0, 6.2, 6.1,
subjects:
3.5, 1.3, 1.7, 4.5, 6.3, 6.2

Ulcer 13.7, 20.6, 15.9, 28.4, 29.4, 18.4, 21.1, 3.0,

subjects: 26.2, 13.0

Construct a 95 percent confidence interval for the ratio of the two population variances.
What
assumptions must be met for this procedure to be valid? .(CRITICAL VALUE:df
v1=9,v2=9:3.18) Flowchart
for use in deciding between z and t when making inferences
about population means.
 Chest 22.4 27.5 28.5 28.5 29.4 23.4 30.5 31.4
circumference
(cm)X

Birth weight 2 2.25 2.1 2.35 2.45 2.5 2.8 2.85

(kg) Y

Calculate the correlation , coefficient of determination and predicted equation..check the significance by t-
test?(CRITICAL VALUE:2.36)

To determine how symptom recognition and perception influence clinical presentation as a function of
race. They characterized symptoms and care-seeking behavior in African-American patients with chest pain
seen in the emergency department. One of the presenting vital signs was systolic blood pressure. Among 157
African-American men, the mean systolic blood pressure was 146 mm Hg with a standard deviation of 27. We
wish to know if, on the basis of these data, we may conclude that the mean systolic blood pressure for a
population of African-American men is greater than 140. Alpha = .05 (critical value: 1.645)

Write notes of the following:

Ten step hypothesis testing procedure of paired t-test

Central limit theorem

Define the following:

(a) Reliability (b) Precision (d) Estimator

coefficient (c) Standard (f) Margin of
error error

What is complete randomized trial? Explain with illustration.

The following table shows the arterial plasma epinephrine concentrations found in 10
laboratory animals during three types of anaesthesia (Critical value: degrees of freedom
2,12- 3.89).Can you conclude from these data that three types of anaesthesia on the average
have different effects.

12
Anaesthesia

A
1

.28
2

.50
3

0.68
4

0.31
5

0.27

B .20 .38 0.50 0.38 0.29

C 1.23 1.34 0.55 0.48 1.06

The activity values of a certain enzyme measured in normal gastric tissue of 35 patients
with gastric carcinoma has a mean of 0.718 and a standard deviation of 0.511.We want to
construct a 90 % confidence interval for the population mean (critical value 1.645)
xxix)

Chest 22.4 27.5 28.5 28.5 29.4 23.4 30.5 31.4

circumference
 (cm)X

Birth weight 2 2.25 2.1 2.35 2.45 2.5 2.8 2.85

(kg) Y

xxx) Calculate the correlation, coefficient of determination and predicted equation..Check the
significance by t-test? (CRITICAL VALUE:2.36)

xxxi) Author studied the effects of reminiscence therapy for older women with depression. She
studied 15 women 60 years or older residing for 3 months or longer in an assisted living long-
term care facility. For this study, depression was measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale
(GDS). Higher scores indicate more severe depression symptoms. The participants received
reminiscence therapy for long-term care, which uses family photographs, scrapbooks, and
personal memorabilia to stimulate memory and conversation among group members. Pre-
treatment and posttreatment depression scores are given in the following table. Can we
conclude, based on these data, that subjects who participate in reminiscence therapy
experience, on average, a decline in GDS depression scores? Let .(critical value:1.7613)
Pre–GDS: 12 10 16 2 12 18 11 16 16 10 14 21 9 19 20
Post–GDS: 11 10 11 3 9 13 8 14 16 10 12 22 9 16 18

xxxii) TEN STEP HYPOTHESIS TESTISNG PROCEDURE

xxxiii) TESTS OF INDEPENDENCE USING CHI SQUARE TESTING PROCEDURE
xxxiv) POWER OF THE TEST AND SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION

10

Calculation of chi square and then interpretation

13 Four subjects participated in an experiment to compare three methods. The response variable was measured
to reduce stress levels .can we conclude that these three methods differ in effectiveness? Check the results at
95 percent .(critical value:4.26)

Treatment

Subject A B C

1 16 26 22

2 16 20 23

3 17 21 22

4 28 29 36
 Sternal surgical site infection (SSI) after coronary artery bypass graft surgery is a complication
that increases patient morbidity and costs for patients, payers, and the health care system.
Segal
and Anderson (A-5) performed a study that examined two types of preoperative skin
9 preparation
before performing open heart surgery. These two preparations used aqueous iodine and
insoluble iodine with the following results.

Comparison of aqueous and insoluble preps

Prep group Infected Non infected

Aqueous iodine 14 94

Insoluble iodine 4 97

Do these data provide sufficient evidence at the level to justify the conclusion that the
type of skin preparation and infection are related? ( critical value:5.991)

. Define the following: a)power of the test b)assumptions of randomized block design c) one tail test
and two tail test d) level of significance e) properties of regression

Draw the flow chart in deciding whether reliability factor should be z or t distribution

Write all the steps of paired t-testing procedure

What is complete randomized design

What are factors on which type -2 error depends?

Steps of chi square distribution

Why parametric are more robust than non parametric?

What are the assumptions of two way ANOVA ?

One of the variables collected in the North Carolina Birth Registry is pounds gained
during pregnancy. According to data from the entire registry for 2001, the number of pounds gained

8 during pregnancy was approximately normally distributed with a mean of 30.23 pounds and a standard
deviation of 13.84 pounds. Calculate the probability that a randomly selected mother in North Carolina in
2001 gained:

(a) Less than 15 pounds during (b) More than 40

pregnancy pounds
(c) Between 14 and 40 pounds (d) Less than 10
(e) Between 10 and 20 pounds pounds

Punctuality of patients in keeping appointments is of interest to a research team. In a study of patient flow
6 through the offices of general practitioners, it was found that a sample of 35 patients were 17.2 minutes late for
 appointments, on the average. Previous research had shown the standard deviation to be about 8 minutes.
The population distribution was felt to be nonnormal. What is the 90 percent confidence interval for the true
mean amount of time late for appointments?

A hospital administrator wishes to know what proportion of discharged patients is unhappy with the care

5 received during hospitalization. How large a sample should be drawn if we let the confidence coefficient is .95,
and no other information is available? How large should the sample be if p is approximated by .25?

Author determined gallbladder function before and after fundoplication—a surgery used to stop stomach
contents from flowing back into the esophagus (reflux)—in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. The
authors measured gallbladder functionality by calculating the gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF) before and
after fundoplication. The goal of fundoplication is to increase GBEF, which is measured as a percent. We wish
to know if these data provide sufficient evidence to allow us to conclude that fundoplication increases GBEF
functioning. Gallbladder Function in Patients with Presentations of Gastro esophageal Reflux Disease Before
7 and After Treatment
Preop (%) 22 63.3 96 9.2 3.1 50 33 69 64 18.8 0 34
Postop (%) 63.5 91.5 59 37.8 10.1 19.6 41 87.8 86 55 88 40

Respiratory rate was measured in eight experimental in eight animals under three levels of exposure. Can
we conclude on the basis of these data that three levels of exposure to carbon monoxide have different
effects? Check the results at 95 percent .

Animals 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Low 36 33 35 39 41 41 44 45

Moderate 43 38 41 34 28 44 30 31

High 45 39 33 39 33 26 39 29

Write notes

Chisquare test of goodness of fit

Chisquare test of INDEPENDENCE

Central limit theorem

A random sample of 15 student nurses was given a test to measure their level of authoritarianism
with the following results:
Student Authoritarianism Student Authoritarianism
Number Score Number Score
1 75
9 82
2 90
10 104
3 85
11 88
4 110
12 124
5 115
13 110
6 95
14 76
7 132
15 98
8 74
Test at the .05 level of significance, the null hypothesis that the median score for the sampled population is 100.
Determine the p value.

Each of a sample of 250 men drawn from a population of suspected joint disease victims was
asked which of three symptoms bother him most. The same question was asked of a sample of
300 suspected women joint disease victims. The results were as follows:
 Most Bothersome Symptom Men Women
Morning stiffness 111 102
Nocturnal pain 59 73
Joint swelling 80 125
Total 250 300
Do these data provide sufficient evidence to indicate that the two populations are not homogeneous
with respect to major symptoms? Let What is the p value for this test?

a) Discuss the components of Time series analysis? This question is for mba students
b) Calculate the estimate number of ships loaded and predict it for year 2012?(10)
Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Annual 98 105 116 119 135 156 177 208
number of
ships
loaded

1. Discuss the terms:

a) Bayesian theorem b) properties of good estimator c)one tail and two tail test d) Type 1 AND Type 2
error

2. Two types of drugs were used on 5 and 7 patients for reducing their weight.
Drug A was imported and Drug B was indigenous .the decrease in weight after using the drugs for six
months was as follows:
Drug A 10 12 13 11 14
Drug B 8 9 12 14 15 10 9

Is there any significant difference in efficacy of two drugs? If not which drug should we buy?( for v=10,t at
95 percent =2.228)
3. The following contingency table shows classification of 1000 workers. Use chi square to ascertain
whether the disciplinary action taken and promotional experience are associated.(given v=1,chi
square value at 95 %=3.84)
Disciplinary action Promotional Experience Total
Promoted Non promoted

Offenders 30 670 700

Non offenders 70 230 300

Total 100 900 1000

4. To test the significance of the variation of the retail prices of a commodity in three principle cities,
Bombay, Calcutta and Delhi, four shops were chosen at random in each city and prices observed in
rupees were as follows: Do the data indicate that the prices in three cities are significantly different...?
(10) (Table value:v1=2,v2=9,FVALUE= 4.26)
Mumbai Calcutta Delhi
X1 X2 X3

16 14 4

8 10 10
12 10 8

14 6 8

Total 50 40 30
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