PARTS OF SPEECH & BASIC SENTENCE PATTERNS
Parts of Speech
• Noun
→ A word used to identify a
person, places, things or
events.
(e.g. man, woman, table,
car, dog, etc.)
• Pronouns
→ A pronoun is a word that
replaces a noun in a
sentence.
(e.g. me, he, she, herself,
you, it, I, they, each, few,
many, etc.)
• Adjectives
→ Are descriptive words that
modify or enhance a noun.
(e.g. perfect, cruel, gentle,
huge, tasty, etc.)
• Verbs
→ Are the action words in a
sentence that describe what
the subject is doing.
(e.g. dance, run, jump, slide,
etc.)
• Adverbs
→ Can add further description,
or intensity the meaning of
another word.
(e.g. He cleans his phone
once a week, She doesn’t
usually go to work by bus,
etc.)
• Preposition
→ Used to show a relationship
between a noun and a
pronoun.
(e.g. The window is over the
radiator, Go into her room
and take the papers, etc.)
• Conjunctions
→ Join together words, phrases
and independent clauses.
(e.g. She usually eats at
home, because she likes
cooking, He is very funny
whereas she is boring, but,
although, yet, unless, nor,
while, etc.)
• Interjections
→ Conveys what an author is
feeling.
(e.g. alas, blah, nah, oops,
OMG, yikes, etc.)
Basic Sentence Patterns
• S-TV-DO
Subject + Transitive Verb + Direct
Object
→ A verb is the doer of the
action/ topic of the
sentence.
→ A transitive verb that
requires both a subject and
a direct object.
→ A direct object is a word or
phrase that receives the
action of the verb. (what?
whom?)
• S-IV
Subject + Intransitive Verb
→ An intransitive verb is a verb
without a direct object.
PARTS OF SPEECH & BASIC SENTENCE PATTERNS

• S-TV-IO-DO
Subject + Transitive Verb + Indirect
Object + Direct Object
→ The indirect object of a
sentence is the recipient of
the direct object ( to whom?
For whom?)
• S-TV-DO-OC
Subject + Transitive Verb + Direct
Object + Object Compliment
→ An object complement is a
noun, pronoun, or adjective
which follows a direct object
and renames or tells what
the direct object has
become.
• S-LV-SC
Subject + Linking Verb + Subject
Complement (aka Predicate
Nominative)
→ Linking verbs are verbs that
serve as a connection
between a subject and
further information about
that subject. They do not
show any action; rather, they
“link” the subject with the
rest of the sentence.
→ A subject complement
(predicate nominative /
predicate noun) completes a
linking verb and renames the
subject.
• S-LV-PA
Subject + Linking Verb + Predicate
Adjective
→ A predicate adjective follows
a linking verb and describes
the subject.