Part of Speech

1. Verb (kata kerja)

2. Noun (kata benda)
3. Adjective (kata sifat)
4. Adverb (kata keterangan)
5. Pronoun (kata ganti)
6. Preposition (kata depan)
7. Conjuntion (kata hubung)
8. Interjection (kata seru/andaian)
Part of Speech Function Word examples Sentence examples

Verb Action or state Invite, look, study, like, We look for them.
work, sing, run, eat, I like you.
ect. I eat rice.

Noun Thing or person Pen, cat, dog, book, This is my cat. He lives
house, etc. in my house.

Adjective To describe a noun Good, big,easy, hard, English is easy.

small, well, bad, pretty, This book is big.
ugly, etc.
 Adverb (adv of To describe a verb, Quickly, very, so, She is very beautiful.
time, adv of place) adjective or adverb really, rather, hardly, He is rather handsome.
extrimely, yesterday,
school, etc.
Pronoun To replace a noun I, you, they, we, she, Tara is Indian. She is
he, it, each other, one beautiful.
another, this, that,
some, etc.
Preposition To link a noun to To, at, after, on, but, We went to school on
another word etc. Monday.

Conjuntion To join clauses or And, but, when, that, I don’t like dogs but I
sentences or words. who, which like cats.

Interjunction Short exclamation, Oh!, ouch!, hi!, well Ouch! That hurts.
sometimes inserted Well, I am good.
into a sentence.
 Verb
1. Berdasarkan bentuknya (form)
 V1 (bare infinitive)
 V2 (past form)
 V3 (past participle)
 V+to (to infinitive)
 Ving (present participle)
 Vs/es (additional infinitive)

V1 V2 V3 Vto Ving Vs/es

Go Went Gone To go Going Goes
Tell Told Told To tell Telling Tells
Drink Drank Drunk To drink Drinking Drinks
Accompany Accompanied Accompanied To accompany accompanying Accompanies
Ask Asked Asked To ask Asking Asks
Cut Cut Cut To cut Cuting Cuts
2. Berdasarkan fungsinya
 Ordinary verb (kata kerja utama)
Kata kerja utama yang terletak setelah subjek dan sebelum objek.
Ordinary verb ada 2 yaitu:
a. Transitive verb = kata kerja yang membutuhkan objek.
Contoh : I like you.
Transitive verb dibagi lagi menjadi 2, yaitu:
• Monotransitive = 1 objek – I need you. She waters the flowers
• Ditransitive = 2 objek – I give you some books.
Beberapa kata kerja yang termasuk Ditransitive : Give, Send, Lend, Ask, Bring, Tell,
Take, Say, Make, Sing.
 b. Intransitive verb = verb yang tidak membutuhkan objek.
Contoh : I swim. He sleeps. They run quickly.
 Auxiliary verb (kata kerja bantu)
a. Primasry auxiliary
Yang termasuk dalam primary aux yaitu = To be (am, are, is, was, were), Have/Has/Had,
Do/Does/Did.
b. Modal auxiliary

Real modal Similiar modal

Can Be able to
Could
Will Be going to
Would
Must Have to / had to
 Adjective
1. Possesive adjective = adjective kepemilikan yang harus diikuti oleh noun.
Contoh : my pleasure. Your shoes. Her name.
2. Possesive proper adjective = kepemilikan yang menggunakan noun sebagai adjectiva-nya.
Bentuknya : The girl’s, Tom’s, my wife’s, Tomas’s/Thomas’, etc.
Contoh : The girl’s book is on the table.
3. Demonstrative adjective = kata tunjuk yang diikuti oleh noun.
Bentuknya : This, These, That, Those.
Contoh : This book is mine. I read these books.
4. Article adjective = kata sandang yang diletakkan di depan noun.
a. A dan An (digunakan untuk singular noun)
b. The (digunakan untuk singular, plural, maupun uncountable noun).
 Tenses
Tenses adalah perubahan bentuk kata kerja (verb) dalam bahasa inggris yang disebabkan oleh
perubahan keterangan waktu (adverb of time).
Pola tenses :
1. Verb yang digunakan
Verb base Verb 1 Verb 2 Verb 3 Verb -ing
(Modal) Speak Speak(s) Spoke Spoken Speaking
(Modal) Watch Watch(es) Watched Watched Watching
(Modal) Be Am/are/is Was/were been Being

2. Subjek kalimat
a. I, you, they, we, Tom and Jerry, people, children, books = Verb-nya tidak membutuhkan
“s/es”.
b. She, he, it, Tom, a book = Verb-nya membutuhkan “s/es”
1. Simple Present Tense
Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada
masa sekarang.
I
She
You
Do He Does
They
It
We
Bentuk verbal :
(+) S + V1 + O = I listen to musics every day.
(-) S + Do not/Does not + V1 + O = I don not listen to musics every day.
(?) Do/Does + S + V1 + O? = Do I listen to musics every day?
Bentuk nominal
(+) S + To be (am, are, is) + ANA = English is easy
(-) S + To be (am, are, is) not + ANA = English is not easy
(?) To be (am, are,is) + S + ANA = Is English easy?
2. Present Continuous Tense
Menerangkan suatu perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung pada masa sekarang.
I = am

You She
They Are He Is
We It

(+) S + To be (am,are,is) + Ving + O

= We are studying English now.
(-) S + To be (am,are,is) + Not + Ving + O
= We are not studying English now.
(?) To be (am,are,is) + S + Ving + O
Are we studying English now.
3. Present Perfect tense
Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aktivitas atau situasi yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan
telah selesai pada saat berbicara.
I
She
You
Have He Has
They It
We
Bentuk verbal:
(+) S + Have/Has + V3 + O = I have studied English
(-) S + Have/Has + Not + V3 + O = I have not studied English
(?) Have/Has + S + V3 + O = Have I studied English?
Bentuk nominal:
(+) S + Have/Has + Been + O = She has been at home
(-) S + Have/Has + Not + Been + O = She has not been at home
(?) Have/Has + S + Been + O = Has she been at home?
4. Present Perfect Continuous tense
Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah terjadi namun masih berlangsung dan
berdurasi.
Contoh:
(+) S + have/has + been + V-ing + O = We have been studying for an hour.
(-) S + have/has + not + been + V-ing + O = We have not been studying for an hour.
(?) Have/has + S + been + V-ing + O = Have we been studying for an hour?
5. Simple Past Tense
Tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang telah terjadi di masa
lalu.
Bentuk verbal:
(+) S + V2 + O = Toni went to school yesterday.
(-) S + did + not + V1 + O = Toni did not go to school yesterday.
(?) Did + S + V1 + O = Did Toni go to school yesterday?

Bentuk nominal:
(+) S + was/were + ANA = I was at my friend’s house 2 days ago.
(-) S + was/were + not + ANA = I was not at my friend’s house 2 days ago.
(?) Was/were + S + ANA = Was I at my friend’s house 2 days ago?
6. Past Continuous Tense
Tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang sedang berlangsung dimasa lampau.
You She
They He
Were Was
We It
Tono & Tini Toni

(+) S + to be + V-ing + O = Tono and Tini were playing game yesterday.

(-) S + to be + not + V-ing + O = Tono and Tini were not playing game yesterday.
(?) To be + S + V-ing + O = Were Tono and Tini playing game yesterday?
7. Past Perfect Tense
Tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sudah terjadi dan juga sudah
selesai pada masa lalu.
Bentuk verbal:
(+) S + had + V3 + O = I had had a radio.
(-) S + had + not + V3 + O = I had not had a radio.
(?) Had + S + V3 + O = Had I had a radio?

Bentuk nominal:
(+) S + had + been + ANA = Budi had been at school.
(-) S + had + not + been + ANA = Budi had not been at school.
(?) Had + S + been + ANA = Had Budi been at school?