MINGGU ke-10

MITOKONDRIA
MITOKONDRIA
 FUNGSI MITOKONDRIA
Daur Krebs

Embden
Meyerhoff
 HUMAN NUCLEAR
MITOCHONDRIAL GENOMES
NUCLEAR GENOME MITOCHONDRIAL
GENOME
Size 3200 Mb 16.6 kb

No. of different 23 (in XX cells) or 24 One circular DNA

DNA molecules (in XY cells); all linear molecule

Total no. of DNA 46 in diploid cells, but Often several

molecules per cell varies according to thousands (but variable
ploidy
Associated protein Several classes of Largely free of protein
histone & nonhistone
protein
No. of genes ~ 30 000 ~35-000 37

Gene density ~ 1/100 kb 1/0.45 kb

Mitochondrial DNA mutations in human genetic
disease (Wallace Sci. Amer. 277:40)
 Maternal genetic
transmission

An affected woman transmits the trait to

all her children. Affected men
(represented by squares do not pass
the trait to any of their offspring
 Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms track human
Migrations (Wallace Sci. Amer. 277:40)

All humans descend from a small group of Africans

This group originated in central Africa ~200,000 years ago
The founding group was small (102-104 people)
Descendants of this group replaced all other hominids everywhere in the world
Caspase =
cysteine-aspartic
proteases
JALUR EKSTRINSIK
APOPTOSIS
JALUR INTRINSIK APOPTOSIS

Small protein found

loosely associated
with the inner
membrane of the
mitochondrion

electron transport
chain
Caspase = cysteine-aspartic
proteases