UDGAM SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN

SUBJECT- Social Science (2021-22) Worksheet No. 18

Ch.5/ Industries (Geography) Answer Key
Name: _____________________________ Std. VIII / Sec: ________ Roll No.:_______

I. Answer the following questions:

1. Define industries.
Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with the production of goods,
extraction of minerals or the provision of services.

2. Why do industrial disasters occur?

Industrial disasters occur mainly due to either technical failure or irresponsible handling of
hazardous material.

3. List the measures that should be adopted to avoid any kind of industrial disaster.
• Densely populated residential areas should be separated far away from the industrial areas.
• People staying in the vicinity of industries should be aware of the storage of toxins or
hazardous substances and their possible effects in case if an accident occurs.
• Fire warning and fighting system should be improved.
• Storage capacity of toxic substances should be limited.
• Pollution dispersion qualities in the industries should be improved.

4. How does the government policies encourage the establishment of an industry?

There are a number of ways in which the government can influence the location of industries.
• Setting aside plots of land for industrial estates.
• Shifting pollution causing industries from residential areas to industrial areas.
• Offering loans, subsidies, and tax holidays to companies.
• Providing a stable government to attract overseas investors in the country.

5. Define manufacturing.
Manufacturing comes under the secondary activities in which raw materials are processed
and finished goods are produced.

6. What are Industrial Regions?

Industrial regions refer to a geographical region which is heavily urbanised with a cluster of
industries located close to each other, thus sharing the benefits of their closeness.

7. Give two reasons: Tata Group and Reliance are the leading Private Sector Industries
in India.
• They are owned, managed, and controlled by individuals and the group of individuals.
• They operate mainly for profit and the prices of their products is determined by the market
forces such as the demand and supply of the goods.

8. Despite being a cottage industry, the Indian Handicraft Industry has evolved as one of
the major revenue generator over the years. Give 2 reasons.
• Indian handicrafts industry has got international acclamation for its intricate, diversified,
• beautiful and creative designs.

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 • The industry is considered as the second largest employment generating sector in the rural
and the urban areas.

9. Where are the industries usually established by the government or private individuals?
The industries are usually established:
• where some or all of the factors of production like land, raw materials, water supply,
electricity, and labour etc are easily available.
• in the backward areas to generate employment or to work towards poverty reduction.
• reserve areas known as CEZ, SEZ where the government provides concessions, subsidy on
power, tax holidays and other infrastructure.

10. What are ancillary industries?

• Ancillary industries are the small subsidiary industries based on meagre investment.
• They are engaged in manufacturing finished goods which are the raw materials for other
large- scale industries.

11. ‘Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and Indian Oil Corporation are Public Sector industries.’
Give reasons.
• HAL and IOC are the public sector industries as they are owned, controlled, and managed by
the state or the central government.
• They operate more for the benefit of the public than for making profits and the price of their
products is fixed through proper planning.

12. Google and Nestle are Multinational Companies which earn huge profits. Give reasons.
• They are large size companies that own or control production of goods or services in several
countries other than their own country.
• They operate with a desire to be globally competitive with an aim to get maximum profits.
• Their worldwide activities are centrally controlled by their parent companies.

13. List any two inputs, processes and outputs involved in the Manufacturing of Bread,
Cotton Textile and Health Care Industry.

Inputs Process Output

1 Manufacturing of Flour, oil, sugar, Kneading of flour, Wheat flour bread
Bread salt, labour, mixing the
capital, yeast ingredients,
baking, packaging
2 Cotton Textile Raw materials like Ginning, Spinning, Cloth, Ready
cotton yarn, Weaving, Dyeing, Garments
labour, costs of Printing, etc
land, transport,
power and other
infrastructure
3 Health Care Industry Medicines, X-ray Check - up, Healthy patient,
machines, process of taking recovery from the
infrastructure of a x-rays, illness, X- ray
hospital, laboratory sonography, reports, Sonography
treatment, surgery report.

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 II. Read the given picture carefully and state appropriate reasons as to why-

a. ‘A’ was considered as the best location for the iron and steel industry?
Before 1800 A.D. iron and steel industry was located where raw materials, power supply
and running water were easily available.

b. Why was the location changed from ‘A’ to ‘B’ and then ‘B’ to ‘C’?
Later the ideal location for the industry was near coal fields and close to canals and
railways. After 1950, iron and steel industry began to be located on large areas of flat land
near sea ports. This is because by this time steel works had become very large and iron ore
had to be imported from overseas.

III. Read the given passage carefully to answer the questions that follow:
TISCO was started in 1907 at Sakchi, near the confluence of the rivers Subarnarekha and
Kharkai in Jharkhand. Later on, Sakchi was renamed as Jamshedpur. Geographically,
Jamshedpur is the most conveniently situated iron and steel centre in the country. Sakchi was
chosen to set up the steel plant for several reasons. This place was only 32 km away from
Kalimati station on the Bengal-Nagpur railway line. It was close to the iron ore, coal, and
manganese deposits as well as to Kolkata, which provided a large market. TISCO, gets coal
from Jharia coalfields, and iron ore, limestone, dolomite and manganese from Odisha and
Chhattisgarh. The Kharkai and Subarnarekha rivers ensured sufficient water supply.
Government initiatives provided adequate capital for its later development.

1. When and where was TISCO established?

TISCO was started in 1907 at Sakchi, Jharkhand.

2. Which two rivers provide sufficient supply of water to TISCO?

Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers ensure sufficient water supply to TISCO.

3. Which countries are considered as the major producers of cotton textiles?

India, China, Japan, and the USA are important producers of cotton textiles.

4. State few examples of traditional Indian cotton textiles.

The Muslins of Dhaka, Chintzes of Masulipatnam, Calicos of Calicut and Gold-wrought cotton
of Burhanpur, Surat and Vadodara were known worldwide for their quality and design.
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5. Indian textile gradually lost their hold over world market with time. Why?
The production of hand-woven cotton textile was expensive and time consuming. Hence,
traditional cotton textile industry could not face the competition from the new textile mills of
the West, which produced cheap and good quality fabrics through mechanized industrial
units.

IV. Read the chapter and complete the given table:

Industry Example 1 Example 2

1. Large Scale Pharmaceuticals, Automobile Iron and Steel industry
Industry industry
2. Small - Scale Vehicle accessories, Tiles Aluminium Fiber glass door
Industry industry
3. Cottage Pottery making Basket weaving
Industry
4. Private Sector Reliance Industries, Tata Cadila Pharma, Sun Pharma
Motors
5. Public Sector ONGC, SAIL, IOC, Indian Railways,
6. Joint Sector Gujarat Narmada Valley Maruti Udyog Ltd., National
Fertilizers & Chemicals, Highways Projects
Gujarat State Fertilizers &
Chemicals
7. Multinationals Google, Microsoft, Nestle Unilever, Procter and Gamble
8. Cooperative Anand Cooperative Milk Mother Diary,
Sector Industry Producers’ Union Limited

9. Mineral Based Cement industry, Locomotive Coal Industry, Copper Smelting

industry
10. Agro - Based Edible Oil, Sugar industry, Cotton textile
11. Marine Based Sea Food Processing, Manufacturing fish oil
12. Pastoral Based Woollen industry, Leather Dairy industry
industry
13. Forest Based Paper Industry, Match Stick Furniture
industry
14. Footloose Military equipment Diamond industry, IT industry,
Industries Aerospace and
Telecommunications
15. Emerging/ Hospitality, Tourism, Information Technology, Health
Sunrise and Wellness
Industries

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