Displacing Indigenous People class 11 Notes History 

SNIPPETS FROM THE CHAPTER

Sources
 Oral History of natives
 Historical and fiction work written by natives
 Galleries and Museums of native art
Why Weren’t We Told? by Henry Reynolds
EUROPEAN IMPARTATION 
 The American empires of Spain and Portugal did not expand after the
seventeenth century.
 During that time other countries like France, Holland and Britain began
to extend trade activities and establish colonies in America, Africa and
Asia.
 Ireland also was virtually a colony of England, as the landowners there
were mostly English settlers.
 Prospect of profit drove people to establish colonies.
 Nature of the control on the colonies varied.
 Trading companies became political power in South Asia, defeated
rulers, retained administrative system.
 Collected taxes and built railway to make trade easier, excavated mines
and established big plantation.
 Africa was divided as colonies among Europeans.
Settlers & Natives
The word ‘Settler‘ is used for Dutch in South Africa, the British in Ireland. New
Zealand and Australia and Europeans in America.
The native people led a simple life. They did not clam their rights over land.
NORTH AMERICA: The Native Peoples
 The inhabitants might have come from Asia through a land bridge
across the Bering straits, 30000 years before.
 They used to live in groups along river valley before the advent of
Europeans.
 They ate fish and meat, and cultivated vegetables and maize.
  Goods were obtained not by buying, but by gifts. They believed in
subsistence economy.
 They spoke numerous languages but those are not available in written
form.
 They were friendly and welcoming to Europeans.
 The Europeans gave the them blankets, iron vessels, guns, which was a
useful supplement for bows and arrows to kill animals, and alcohol in
exchange of local products.
 The natives had not known alcohol earlier, and they became addicted
to it, which suited the Europeans, because it enabled them to dictate
 terms of trade. (The Europeans acquired from the natives an addiction
to tobacco.)
Comparative Study between American natives and Europeans
(a) Natives
 They were uncivilized ‘noble savage’.
 To the natives, the goods they exchanged with the Europeans were
gifts, given in friendship.
 They were not aware of the market.
 They were not happy with the greed of the Europeans.
 The natives were afraid that the animals would take revenge for this
destruction as  the Europeans slaughtered hundreds of beavers for fur.
 They identified forest tracks invisible to the Europeans.
 Accounts of historical anecdotes were recorded by each tribe.

(b) Europeans
  They were civilized in terms of literacy, an organised religion and
urbanism.
 Gift, were commodities which they would sell for a profit.
 They assessed everything with the value in the market.
 To get furs, they had slaughtered hundreds of beavers.
 They killed wild animals to protect farms.
 European imagined the forest to be converted into green cornfields.
THE GOLD RUSH AND GROWTH OF INDUSTRIES
 In the 1840s, traces of gold were found in the USA, in California. This
led to the ‘Gold Rush’, when thousands of eager Europeans hurried to
America in the hope of making a quick fortune.
 This led to building of railway lines across the continent.
 Industries developed to manufacture railway equipment.
 To produce machinery which would make large-scale farming easier
 Employment generation led to growth of towns and factories.
 In 1860, the USA was an undeveloped economy, but within 30 years, in
1890 it was the leading industrial power in the world.
 Natives Constitutional Rights in North America
**British colonies in America declared a war against England in 1776 to gain
independence. The War of Independence of the colonies continued till 1783.
 Democratic Rights: The ‘democratic spirit’ which had been the rallying
cry of the settlers in their fight for independence in the 1770s, came to
define the identity of the USA against the monarchies and aristocracies
of the Old World. The natives were denied the democratic rights (the
right to vote for representatives to Congress and for the President),
because it was only for white men.
 Right to Property: The concept of private property emerged and people
wanted that their constitution included the individual’s ‘right to
property’, which the state could not override. But this right was
exclusive only to the Whites.
Winds of change
 From 1920s, things began to improve for the native peoples of the USA
and Canada.
 White Americans felt sympathy for the natives. In the USA, the Indian
Reorganisation Act of 1934, which gave natives in reservations the
right to buy land and take loans.
 In the 1950s and 1960s, the US and Canadian governments thought of
ending all special provisions for the natives in the hope that they would
‘join the mainstream’.
 In 1954, in the ‘Declaration of Indian Rights’ prepared by them, a
number of native peoples accepted citizenship of the USA.
 In Canada, the Constitution Act of 1982 accepted the existing
aboriginal and treaty rights of the natives.
 American President Abraham LIncoln played a key role in the abolition
of the slavery.
AUSTRALIA
Backgroud:
 Dutch explorer Williem Jansz reached Australia in 1606.
 A.J Tasman followed the route of Jansz and found New Zealand. The
Tasmanian islands are named after him.
  British explorer, James Cook, reached the island of Botany Bay in 1770
and named it New South Wales.
 The ‘aborigines’ (a general name given to a number of different
societies) began to arrive from New Guinea, which was connected to
Australia by a land-bridge on the continent, over 40,000 years ago.
  In the late eighteenth century, there were between 350 and 750 native
communities in Australia each with its own language.
 There is another large group of indigenous people living in the north,
called the Torres Strait Islanders. The term ‘Aborigine’ is not used for
these as they are believed to have migrated from elsewhere and belong
to a different race.
Early Settlers:
 Early settlers were convicts deported from England.
 When their jail term ended, were allowed to live as free people in
Australia on condition that they did not return to Britain.
 Since they had no other alternative but to stay there, they felt no
hesitation about ejecting natives from land they took over for
cultivation.
 Natives were employed in farms under conditions of work so harsh that
it was little different from slavery.
 Later, Chinese immigrants provided cheap labour but they did not want
to depend on non-whites for they banned Chinese immigration.
 Till 1974, such was the popular fear that ‘dark’ people from South Asia
or Southeast Asia might migrate to Australia in large numbers that
there was a government policy to keep ‘non-white’ people out.
Things changed
 In 1968, people were electrified by a lecture by the
anthropologist W.E.H. Stanner, entitled ‘The Great Australian
Silence’ – the silence of historians about the aborigines.
 From 1974, White Australia’ policy ends, Asian immigrants allowed
entry. Since then a ‘multiculturalism’ has been official policy in
Australia, which gave equal respect to native cultures and to the
different cultures of the immigrants from Europe and Asia
 In 1992,  the Australian High Court declares that terra nullius  was
legally invalid, and recognised native claims to land from before 1770
 In 1995, the National Enquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and
Torres Strait Islander Children from their Families.
 Agitations led to a public apology for the injustice done to children in
an attempt to keep ‘white’ and ‘coloured’ people apart. On 26 May,
1999  ‘a National Sorry Day’ was observed as an apology for the
children ‘lost’ from the 1820s to the 1970s.
TImeline: Refer to page 217, 219, 220, 226, 228.
Keywords: Tera Nullius (a policy that implies that recognizing one’s right over a
given piece of land), colonial, gold rush, aboriginals, natives, indigenous,
multiculturalism.
Question 2.
What were the reasons behind the large-scale migration of people from England, France,
Germany, Sweden, Poland, and Italy?
Answer:
Migrants from France and England were younger sons not inherited property there and
people from other countries migrated to North America because their small landholdings
were merged forcibly or bought in less payment by the manors to their estates in the wave of
the Industrial revolution. People from Poland like Prairie grasslands purposeful as that of the
Steppes in their homes.

Question 5.
What is called European Imperialism?
Answer:
To occupy and maintain under indirect control on the kinds outside one’s own country was
imperialism. Actually, it was an instrument of sovereignty interfering with the administrative
machinery of the host country thereby getting and training them on slavery at physical,
mental, and emotional levels Eg. “Sirji” in modem tone symbolizes the British period in
India.

Question 8.
What is meant by the term “Native” at present and it was still the early twentieth century?
Answer:
Till the early twentieth century, it was meant by the people of colonies established by
Europeans. Presently, it is understood as a person born in the place, he/she is living life long.

Question 10.
Will you say native people in America sloth and snort?
Answer:
Actually, as the historians state, they were complacent people. They had made a good
cohesion or liaison with the natives and were happy with their existing simple means.
However, we justify the above comment if we consider the dictum-“Satisfaction’s the end of
life”. Once satisfied is never rectified.

Question 16.
Who were Red Indians?
Answer:
The people living on the island of Guan Hani in the Bahamas the name was given by
Columbus it in Spanish because of being it an island surrounded by shallow seas. Red
Indians i.e., brown complexion people.
Question 17.
Why were the native people in North America not interested in writing records of their time?
Answer:
They relied on the basic doctrine that every skill, expertise, and general behavioral pattern
transfers from one generation to another hence, why should they think of writing them.

Question 18.
Which skills were the natives of North America known to?
Answer:
Craftmanship, textiles weaving, measuring land, understand climate, and know in-depth, the
characteristics, composition, and effect of different landscapes.

Question 19.
When did the Hopis propagate that hard time had come?
Answer:
In a stone tablet, it was written that Hopis (i.e. a tribe in California) took Spaniards as
brothers but appearing with turtle movement. They extended their hands hoping for the
handshake but those brothers (Spaniards) had arrested them. This treacherous event, they
called hard-time.

Why did Jefferson, the third President of the USA take native people as uncivilized?
Answer:
He wanted to see a country populated by Europeans with small farms but the native people
were satisfied with the subsistence agriculture and mere gave thought to area expansion in
agriculture and gave thought to area-expansion in agriculture.

Question 27.
Which were the countries in the USA in 1783?
Answer:
These were-

1. Wisconsin,
2. Michigan,
3. New York,
4. Illinois,
5. Ohio,
6. Indiana,
7. North Carolina,
8. South Carolina,
9. Virginia,
10. Kentucky,
11. Mississippi,
12. Alabama,
13. Maine,
14. Georgia and
15. New Jersey including Delaware and Mary land.
Question 28.
How did the landscapes of America receive changes?
Answer:
A number of people migrated to America from the countries like Germany, Sweden, and Italy
as also that of Poland, and people from Britain and France also occupied land in North
America in an unauthorized and unfair way. It had changed the landscape into a number of
colonies by those immigrants.

Question 29.
What was the problem with the Canadian Government unsolved for a long time?
Answer:
Autonomous political status was demanded by the French settlers in Canada and raised their
dissatisfaction through movements and processions. In 1867, Canada was made a
confederation of autonomous states and only then the problem could be solved.

Question 33.
Why did the anthropologist in 1840 argue that as primitive people are not found in North
America, the same way; native here would be forgotten shortly?
Answer:
It was because the anthropologists found no records, reminiscence Literary-works in course
of the surveys they made. These people were not interested at all in keeping contemporary
events in records.

Question 34.
Why did a visitor Frenchman state that Primitive man will disappear with the primitive
animal?
Answer:
The primitive animal was bison abundantly found in the dense forests of North America. The
nationals of Britain immigrated there and turned the Prairie grasslands into agricultural farms.
They killed bison and exported its meat to countries in Europe. This species was finally got
extinct and therefore, doubt about the extinction of primitive men in the hands of Europeans
was raised.

Question 35.
Why did Andrew Carnegie, an immigrant from Scotland state that the old natives creep on a
snail’s pace, the repeal thunders on the speed of an express?
Answer:
Perhaps so stated because the people in North America were the simplest people, contented
with the primitive manners of survival, treated the earth as a mother goddess, and maintained
them in peaceful co-existence with nature. They did not want the expansion of their lands.

Question 38.
Why did Karl Marx say American frontiers as the last positive capitalist utopia?
Answer:
He took it as a balanced form of living manner between human beings and that of the
environment. It was vulnerable to capitalism, so excess modesty and sincerity of the native
people; hence, he had stated it Positr capitalist taking capitalism as an ailment or malaise and
the polite and humble behavior of native people as positive to that malaise.

uestion 40.
What was the discrimination made in the constitution of America?
Answer:
Only white men were given the right to vote for a representative, to Congress, and for
President and right to. property but non-whites or the people who migrated from South And
Southeast Asia were denied those rights.

Question 41.
What has been pointed out by Daniel Paul, a Canadian native in 2000?
Answer:
Daniel Paul has referred to Thomas Paire who had; remembered that it was the American war
of Independence and the French Revolution which inspired Indians to run long freedom of s
struggle and similar was the starting point of the American natives. Actually, he wants to say
that do well even for those who pelt on one’s interests i.e. truth and non-violence in India,
and gift land and goods to shrewd Europeans.

Question 44.
Why was prepared the Declaration of Indian Rights?
Answer:
It was a document drafted by American natives who had stated that they can accept
citizenship of the USA on condition that their reservations would not be taken away and their
traditions would not anyway be interfered with.

Question 45.
Did the Government sanction the declaration of natives in Canada?
Answer:
No, the government of Canada refused to accept their demands and it resulted in sharp
demonstrations and debates by native people. The Constitution Act, 1982 had finally
accepted the existing aboriginal and treaty rights of the natives.

Question 46.
Who were aborigines?
Answer:
Those were a number of different societies that began to arrive in Australia over 40,000 years
ago.

Question 1.
Why would have the chief counted the river-water as the blood of his ancestors?
Answer:
Adaptation with the environment when tends to harness inner conscience, the vicissitudes of
nature and man are missed up. They are merged within one, the same way as at the moment
of concluded research, a scientist bursts into ecstasy. He forgets even the outer senses. Such
someway happens much or less is the long cohesion with the land or a particular landscape.
Ancestors are in their memory even at the home appliances, the buildings, cow-sheds, each
field in which they worked, etc. As reminiscence increases heart-beats owing to much blood
required for regression or reopen the store-kit; hence, the larger flow of blood immediately,
locks the ten apertures of the body, eg. eye, nose, ear, etc. in order to prepare the ground for
inner musings.

It exemplarily exhibits how much, the people in past America had burning love’ and affection
for the earth. The same land of North America through its inhabitants is now playing the
game on its other side. Eg. Europeans looted Americans by their emotional exploitation in
transactions of goods and lands and now it is America, a shrewd oppressor in the world
playing with business ties including loaning strategy.

Question 2.
What are the important points, you consider in the history of North America and Australia?
Answer:
These points are as under-

1. Europeans were equally dominated on both continents.

2. Europeans cheated the native people of North America and Australia and
grabbed their lands and drove them to reservations.
3. Native peoples in both lands were simple, god fearing, lovers of nature, self-
restrained and sociable.

Question 3.
Discuss the changes in landscapes of North America during the nineteenth century?
Answer:
The whole land of America was turned into estates and meadows. Being a variety of
landforms here found people of European countries i.e. Germany, Sweden, Italy, etc., all
suitable to their needs.

The people migrating to America were younger sons of the landlords there, who had no right
to ancestral property, some others were those small farmers whose lands were merged with
the big landlords under enclosure or consolidation of land and the citizens of Poland found
grassland of Prairie similar to their characteristics of ‘ the Steppes grasslands. They cleared
the forest land and started growing rice and cotton as commercial crops meant for export to
Europe and fenced their farms with barbed wires.

Question 4.
What efforts did the natives of the northern states of the USA make to abolish slavery?
Discuss.
Answer:
There were no plantations in the Northern States of America hence, evils of slavery were at
their climax. The native people there. condemned slavery as an inhuman practice. It caused
strong protest between the states favoring and condemning slavery during 1861-65. Finally,
slavery was abolished but discrimination between whites and non-whites could be ended, by
the extreme efforts of the African- Americans in the twentieth century.

Question 5.
What was the case of the Cherokee tribe in North America?
Answer:
This tribe was living in Georgia, a state in the USA. This tribe had made special efforts to
learn English as also the American way of life but even so, the people of this tribe were not
allowed the rights of citizens. In 1832, the landmark Judgment US chief justice, John
Marshall sanctioned sovereignty of this tribe in its territory but US President, Andrew
Jackson ordered the US Army to evict Cherokees from their land and drive them to the great
American Desert. The people so driven out from their lands were succumbed, to several
troubles.

Question 6.
What were the pleas of the European people justifying their usurp of natives’ land there?
Answer:
These usurpers raised the pleas that the tribes were lazy and did not exploit the maximum
potentials of the land. They argued taking over land from the people not exploited it properly,
is not an offense but a right step towards development. According to them, the native people
had not used their craft skills to produce goods for the market, they did not take interest in
learning English or dressing properly. Thus, the grassland of the Prairies was cleared for
farmland and wild bison killed off. A Frenchman once visited there had truly stated-Primitive
man will disappear with the primitive animal.”

Question 7.
Discuss the different images that Europeans and native Americans had of each other and the
different ways in which they saw the natives.
Answer:
(A) Europeans’ perspective to native Americans

1. They took native Americans an uncivilized and barbarous as also not amenable,
2. According to them, the native people were unorganized and foolish.
3. Europeans took them lazy, anti-development, and unwilling to won the nature
hence, they took certain steps for reclamation and expansion in agriculture.
4. Europeans wanted to exterminate and displace them.

(B) Native Americans perspective to the Europeans

1. Native people surprised Europeans as they had cleared the forests, get the fields
dugs and turn into large states with buildings and other structures constructed
thereupon.
2. They wanted to share their land with Europeans but they were insisting on
selling the same.
3. They thought that Europeans were committing wrong in dividing the land into
smaller pieces under ownership.
4. They took Europeans as friends. They introduced them to invisible tracks of
forests and provided them things in the gift.
Different views on nature-

1. Native people took nature as their mother, made certain rules maintaining the
balance in the environment but Europeans relentlessly cut the trees, destroyed
the natural beauty of the landscape, constructed a number of structures and
super-structures, developed farms and plantations.
2. The natives grew crops not for sale and profit but only to survive while
everything was commodity worth value hence, selling and profiteering was
Europeans’exclusive aim.
3. Native people were extreme lovers of nature while Europeans took it only
resource inert and lifeless. According to them, every resource is to be exploited
for earning more and more profit from the products obtained by the application
of labor and skill.

Question 8.
Comment on these two sets of population data-

Spanish America, 1800

USA: 1820

Natives 0.6 million 7.5 million

Whites 9.0 million 3.3 million

Mixed Europeans 0.1 million 5.3 million

Blacks 1.9 million 0.8 million

Total 11.6 million 16.9 million

Answer:
The above population’s data reveal the that-Sharp decline of 6.9 million (7.5-0.6) population
of natives took place in a period of two decades i.e. from 1800 to 1820. However, when we
observe the data pertaining to population change in whites, there had been a whopping
increase from 3.3 million to 9.0 million during the period in question. It was an increase of
5.7 million in the whites population within a Spain of two decades.

Cause-

1. The natives were first cheated in transactions of fur and meat, then forced or
induced to sign treaties as of selling their lands. They were driven to alien and
virgin lands inaccessible to man. These places they called reservations.
 2. They were enslaved and badly treated while working.

So far as Blacks or non-whites population trend is concerned, we see it increased from 0.8
million of 1800 to 1.9 million i.e. an increase of 1.1 million in two decades under question.
The population of mixed Europeans was decreased from 5.3 million in 1800 to 0.1 million in
1820.

Question 9.
Comment on the following statement by the American historian, Howard Spodek: “For the
indigenous (people) the effects of the American Revolutions were exactly opposite to those
of the settlers-expansion became contraction, democracy became tyranny, prosperity became
poverty, and liberty became confinement.”
Answer:
1. Expansion became contraction-It denotes and points out the event of Europeans’
(Germany, Sweden, Italy, and Poland nationals) arrival in North America and the estates they
developed there but the movement of natives to reservations i.e. uninhabitable and
inaccessible places, virgin lands.

Thus, they could get contractions through the hands of the people not of their motherland by
the reason of their extra-faith on humanism and nature in its unmanipulated colors. Initially,
all of them were troubled (convicts, a merger of land under enclosure policy of Government
and expelled persons) hence, so trained were their minds in wrench and twist, whim-whams,
betraying, defrauding, etc. devices.

2. Democracy became tyranny-In the state of democracy, it cannot be stated that natives were
enjoying all political and other fundamental rights under democracy. They suffered ab-initio
the cruel order of Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the USA, and likewise other
inhuman treatment. Even after the state became democratic, the discrimination between
native tribes and Europeans seated coiled for aggravating the situation more bitter. Teaching
institutions, religious places, public meetings alike places always neglected the native people.
In view of no change in the condition of natives under democracy to some extent, can be said
a tyranny under the arcade of democracy.

3. Prosperity became poverty-As the essence of this theme “Displacing Indigenous people”
exhibits, prior to the arrival of Europeans, there was poverty shrouded land however, not so
in the perspective of natives themselves because of their self-contented nature. They were
simple people with limited needs for survival. The dense forests, the rivers, and the seas were
their friends-like which they could not imagine were inert and natural resources made for
relentless exploitations as the Europeans did. The so-called prosperity in a material sense
came as poverty because for their no-fault, they were deported to lonely and virgin
inhabitation places which the Europeans named as reservations.

4. Liberty became Confinement-It was confinement like to natives because a number of

announcements were made, several laws passed all for detriment to their causes. For instance,
the government announcement of 1969 exhibited refusal or denial of aborigine rights. Thus,
liberty also became confinement to the native people.
Question 10.
In 1911, it was announced that New Delhi and Canberra would be built as the capital cities of
British India and of the Commonwealth of Australia. Compare and contrast the political
situations of the native people in these countries at that time.
Answer:
Political Situations in India in the year of 1911-Morley Minto reforms or Indian Councils
Act, 1861 received a protest from the moderate and radicals both in India. It was against
democracy for India. Thus, the post-Morley-Minto Reform period (1909), witnessed several
developments that resulted in a remarkable Hindu Muslim unity and friendship between the
Moderates and the Radicals.

Muslim League had earlier appreciated these reforms but the British attitude towards Turkey
in the Balkan war of 1912-1913 aroused discontentment among the Indian Muslims. Hence,
Lucknow Pact, 1916 was signed between Congress and Muslim Leagues. As the Britishers
had abled to create a cleft between Congress and Muslim League, they were all right in
thinking that they would make Delhi the capital of British India. They had shifted their
capital from Calcutta (Kolkata at present) to Delhi on 15th December 1911, with King
George-V laid the foundation stone of New Delhi.

Political situations in Australia in the year 1911

1. 90 percent of the total population of native people succumbed to exposure to

germs while working in the forests.
2. Daruk people of Sydney thought that cutting trees is a dangerous business
hence, they ran from their lands towards the dense forest in order to save
themselves from committing that sinful deed.
3. They had to fight strong protest against Europeans.
4. When the native people left the work undone, the Britishers allowed Chinese
migrants to come and provide cheap labor.
5. There were vast sheep farms and mining stations established in the year of
1911.

Question 11.
Discuss the thoughts of Judith Wright, an Australian writer on the basis of the poem given in
this theme.
Answer:
Lady Judith was a champion of the rights of the Australians and aborigines. She exhibits
regret on writing a history of Australia so late i.e. from the decade of 1970. Owing to this, the
modern people could not know earlier the distinct cultures, unique ways of understanding
nature and climate, the skills in textile, painting, and learning as also the stories and legends
of the native people in Australia.

Question 12.
How were Indians suffered under British rule? Discuss.
Answer:
They texted arbitrarily in commodities including products manufactured in Indigenous
factories/industries. They never treated Indians as equal to them and discriminated in
schooling, traveling and denied them political, social, cultural, and religious rights.
Question 13.
What was the treatment of Europeans with natives in America and Australia?
Answer:
They cheated them in the trade of fur and meat as also cereals. They forged the documents of
sale and paid the cost of land less than as negotiated. They were driven to the great American
deserts and reservations. They took them as sloth and dull. These people were displaced from
their own lands and enslaved.

Question 14.
What difference do you see in the Industrial Revolution of England and its impulses in
America? Discuss.
Answer:
As the land and its utilization or exploitation, determine the material development i.e.
prosperity and riches, the big Famers took the advantage of Enclosure or Consolidation
policy made by so-called Parliaments where their own representatives were the members.
They either bought land for negligible cost or practiced atrocities on small farmers so as they
leave their claim on the land and flee to lands elsewhere. Thus, large estates and manorial
estates were formed by the wealthy people and installed there, industries and manufacturing
units.

Unlike England, the revolution entered with the USA and Canada as a result of displacement
of native people to the reservation, expansion of farming land, clearance of forests, emphasis
on the manufacture of railway equipment and Agriculture tools. The former for construction
of railway lines covering the entire area extended by the eviction of native people and
clearance of forests relentlessly and the latter for growing crops of rice and cotton to export in
Europe and earn wealth.

Question 15.
Write a brief note on assimilation and percussion of two opposite natives of
society/communities.
Answer:
Actually, religion in a scientific way is an instinctive and intuitive power of discretion
inserted into the individual in order to prepare a blue-print of the course of life taking in bits
with understanding the causes and their effects. Realization is religion. It takes birth in the
womb of circumstances and always decided amid questions of existence and that of
determination.

When two opposite natures are eventually assimilated under circumstances as we see in the
case of immigrants in the USA and Australia they collide with each other. They were mostly
people evicted, displaced, denied inheritance rights and among them were convicts deported
from England so that they begin a new life in the direct shelter of nature. However, once
malaised mind, owing to pains being too physical existence, it was usual, if they exploited the
land from natives for production of cereals and animal herding, as we see large sheep farms
in Australia.

Their necessity was touched with material possession however, the native people were the
true habitant to nature and their long-standing had made rhythmic relations with the chimes
of native bells in the form of gargling rivers, the circulation of wind including natural
resources. As hunger of existence looks never, the fair or unfair mean, they inflicted pain on
man-power and natural resources.

Conclusion-It can be started in brief that collision and encounter is the only percussion of
such assimilation of two just opposite to each other communities at the same place.