ESSAY

BIOMEDICAL PROSTHESES

MARCELA P. SUAREZ MARTINEZ

ID.1005661189

ENGLISH III

TEACHER: JAIRO ALONSO CALDERON SANCHEZ

BIOENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF ANTIOQUIA

MEDELLIN

05/10/2021
 INTRODUCTION
Prostheses are known to be artificial devices designed to replace an organ or limb of
the body that has been affected for various reasons, to fulfill a function like that
performed by the main organ or limb. Prostheses have existed for thousands of
years, it is said that one of the first created prostheses was found in ancient Egypt,
inside one of the tombs of buried mummies, which consisted of artificial toes, which
were not put there. , they were actually used for walking.

Over the years, research on biomedical prostheses has progressed because the
demand for them has increased, which has forced man to rely on various sciences
such as mathematics, physics, electronics, biology and anatomy, to get an effective,
rapid and functional development that meets the needs of people. This is why the
following essay, aimed at bioengineering students, aims to publicize the importance
of different types of prostheses and how they have helped advance science and
improve people's quality of life.
 Body
In theory a prosthesis is an artificial extension that replaces a part of the body and
performs approximately the same normal function, be it a leg, a hand, a foot, a hand
or one or more fingers. There are other types of restorations, some of which replace
lost functions, while others perform cosmetic functions.

The different types of prostheses seek to meet the needs of the patient who requests
them, for example Electric prostheses are based on the use of electric motors, which
have the possibility of being controlled by servo controllers, buttons or switches.
This class of prosthesis requires a mechanical movement to activate the electronic
system. The main disadvantages of this kind of prosthesis are maintenance, price,
careful exposure to humid environments and its weight. Most electrical prostheses
are designed as hooks to grab objects immediately

On the other hand, there are the electromyographic prostheses manufactured for the
first time in Russia. This class of prosthesis fulfills its functionality by means of the
contraction of the muscles, when the sensor captures the data, these are amplified
and sent to the actuator of the prosthesis. This prosthesis is manipulated and
controlled by an external means, which synthesizes signals and sends them to the
control card. The idea of these prostheses is that they have the ability to create small
electrical signals as the muscles contract, and there is a sensor in contact with the
dermis that can record the contraction signal.

The virtue of this kind of prosthesis is that it only needs the client to move their own
muscles to operate. Unlike the limb-controlled prosthesis, which requires the
displacement of the entire human body, the myoelectric controlled prosthesis also
eliminates suspension restriction. Also, there are no problems, since there are
currently certain training programs that allow patients to train before implanting the
prosthesis, so that the candidate does not have any problems at the time of
implanting the prosthesis and manages to maintain control of all your benefits
without complications.

A mechanical prosthesis or a traction prosthesis is a prosthesis with an opening and

closing device, which is connected to the human body by means of a cable and a
tether strap, and is opened or closed at will by means of the traction exerted by a
tensioner. This class of prosthesis is serviceable, yet, it has displacement restrictions,
because they need their own energy and tension displacement force for their
functionality, controlled by a strap that controls the capacity of the hand and elbow
through displacement. stump and shoulder.

The system can be formed by hands or hooks, and it could also be used as a gripping
device, it is especially correct for occupations of accuracy and holding of small
objects, for occupations of physical work.

Pneumatic prostheses use compressed air obtained by the compressor, whose main
virtue is to provide gigantic resistance and speed of movement; Its main problem is
the devices that are applied to control and operate it since it is large and expensive
and difficult to maintain.

Finally, there are hybrid prostheses that are acrylic restorations that are static in the
mouth through dental implants. As its name suggests, the term "hybrid" is related to
a mixture of 2 types of prosthesis. But, it is a fixed prosthesis, because the patient
cannot remove the prosthesis from the mouth, it is fixed and is made of 2 or more
different materials. This is a choice of restorative procedure with implants that
allows the patient to get a fixed prosthesis and restore oral functionality. The main
virtue that a hybrid denture gives is the tranquility that the patient gives, because the
prosthesis is fixed to the implant and is fixed with screws so that the patient can feel
their teeth.
 CONCLUSIONS

Bioengineering has advanced to the point of creating artificial elements endowed

with a certain autonomy and intelligence that are capable of performing functions of
a part of the body and whose main aim is to replace a part of it that has been lost, it
is necessary to have knowledge of each one of the types of prostheses and their
operation to meet the specific need of the patient, looking for which one is adapted
so that he can integrate again into his work, family and social environment.
 Bibliography.

Types of Prosthetics for Upper Limb. (s. f.). Medprax. Recuperado 26 de

septiembrede 2021, de https://mediprax.mx/tipos-de-protesis-para-miembro-
superior/

Mechanical and hybrid prostheses. (s. f.). Tens Muller. Recuperado 29 de

septiembre de 2021, de
http://ortopediajensmuller.com/servicio-de-fabricacion/protesis-de-miembro-
superior/protesis-mecanicas-e-hibridas/

Robotics applied to humans: bionics. (s. f.). Revista unam. Recuperado 29 de septiembre

de2021, de http://www.revista.unam.mx/vol.6/num1/art01/int01.htm