Regular Adjective Extreme Adjective

angry furious

bad awful, terrible, horrible

big huge, gigantic, giant

clean spotless

cold freezing

crowded packed

dirty filthy

funny hilarious

good wonderful, fantastic, excellent

hot boiling

hungry starving

interesting fascinating

old ancient

pretty gorgeous

scary terrifying

small tiny

surprising astounding

tired exhausted

ugly hideous

emphasis to the extreme adjective:

 absolutely
 completely
 utterly

enormous, huge = very big

tiny = very small
brilliant = very clever
awful; terrible; disgusting; dreadful = very bad
certain = very sure
excellent; perfect; ideal; wonderful; splendid = very good
delicious = very tasty

amazingly exceptionally incredibly

remarkably particularly unusually

absolutely completely totally utterly

really exceptionally particularly quite

_‘let down’ (= disappointed):

"I felt let down by my friend".

"My friend really let me down".

_ 'break up' (= to end a relationship):

I broke up with my girlfriend last week (= past)

Word Set 1
Phrasal Verb Meaning
hang out spend time relaxing (informal)
Meet someone after a period of time and find out what they have 
catch up with
been doing
cut down/back on Reduce
give (something) up Quit / stop doing it
cut out Stop eating something (permanently or for a long time)
find out Discover
get along/on Like each other
fall out Argue and be on bad terms with someone
clean up Tidy / Clean
come across Find something unexpectedly

What do you normally do at the weekends?

I usually just hang out with my friends. We’ll go to the cinema or something.
Unfortunately I don’t get the chance to catch up with them often as we are all so
busy with work.
Do you have a healthy lifestyle?

I don’t think I really do. Something I definitely need to do is cut down on the
amount I smoke, or even give it upcompletely. I would also like to cut out red
meat from my diet. I’ve read that both of those are unhealthy. I found
out recently that my father has cancer, and he smoked a lot when he was
younger.

Do you like the place where you live?

Yes, I live with some college friends. There are several of us in the house so it is
crowded, but we get along well so we have not had any serious problems. I fell
out with one guy who lived there because he played his music too loud, but he
has moved out now.

Do you like to collect things?

Not anymore, but the other day I was cleaning up my room when I came
across an old album of football stickers. I used to collect them when I was
younger

Word Set 2
Phrasal Verb Meaning

hand (something) in Submit
get away with (something) Do something without being noticed or punished
keep up with Continue at the same rate
end up To become eventually; turn out to be
fall behind To fail to keep up a pace; lag behind.
drop out Quit a class, school, university etc
look back on Think about something that happened in the past
put forward Suggest or state the case for something
catch up with Reach the same level
pull out of To stop being a part of something

Were you a good student when you were at school?

I’m afraid I wasn’t if I’m honest. Often I didn’t hand in my homework, and I
always felt I could get away with it because my teacher wasn’t strict. But
because of this I couldn’t keep up with the course work and I ended upfalling
behind. Eventually I had to drop out of the school.

So no, I wasn’t really a good student. When I look back on my childhood, I wish
I’d done things differently really as it meant I had to work harder to achieve things
later on in life.

Do you think the growth in multinational corporations is a positive

development?

I’m not sure it is such a good thing. Many people put forward arguments in
favour it, claiming it has helped developing countries by creating jobs for local
people as many of these companies have moved their manufacturing abroad.
They then claim that the economic development in these countries will catch up
withdeveloped countries.

However, there is no real evidence that this is the case as most the profit flows
back to the companies, not the people, and as soon as it becomes cheaper to
manufacture in a different country, the companies will pull out of the country they
are in and move to the more profitable one. So I don’t think there is any real long-
term benefit.
Education Vocabulary

To complete a first university degree successfully

Graduate
I graduated from the University of Salford in 2009.
My graduation ceremony was in 2009.

The group of subjects studied in a school, college,

etc.
Curriculum
Schools must ensure they have an
excellent curriculum.

An official record showing that you have finished a

training course or have the necessary skills, etc
Qualification
Good qualifications are really important if you
want to get a well-paid job.
I am qualified to teach English.

Regular work done by students as part of a course,

Coursework but assessed independently of formal exams.

The coursework on my degree was really difficult.

When male and female students are taught

Co-educational together in the same school or college rather than
separately
 Co-educational schools prepare students for their
future better than single-sex schools.

To behave in a dishonest way in order to get what

you want
Cheat
He did really well in his exams but he cheated. He
copied from a friend.
Cheating on exams is not recommended.

The ability to read and write.

Literacy
Literacy rates have declined considerably in
Western countries over the last decade.
However, most children are literate.

Unable to read and write

Illiterate
Many children in the poorest countries
are illiterate.

First years of formal education from around age 5 to 11.

Primary (elementary)
Education
A good primary education is crucial for a child's
development.

Education during the time as a teenager.

Secondary Education
I loved it at my secondary school as I had so
many friends.

Non-compulsory education after finishing school,

such as university, as well as vocational education
Higher (tertiary) and training at colleges.
Education
60% of children now go into higher
education after they finish school.
Concentrate
To direct your attention or your efforts towards a
particular activity, subject or problem
 It is difficult to concentrate on my work if there is
a lot of noise.
I keep losing concentration due to the noise.

Crime Vocabulary

A law or set of laws suggested by a government and made

official by a parliament.
Legislation There needs to be changes to crime-relatedlegislation.

To make someone less enthusiastic about doing something by

threatening bad results if they do it.
Deter
Tougher prison sentences may be a deterrent toother would-be
offenders.
Someone who is guilty of a crime.
Offender
Prison should not be used for first-time offenders.

To cause someone who has done something wrong or committed

a crime to suffer, by hurting them, forcing them to pay money,
Punish sending them to prison, etc
Those responsible for serious crimes must bepunished.
When you stop something from happening or stop someone from
doing something.
Prevention
The government should focus on the prevention of crime rather
than introducing harsher prison sentences.

To do something illegal or something that is considered wrong.

Commit People who commit serious crimes should be given lengthy (long)
prison sentences.
A person who commits a crime.
Criminal Criminals who commit violent crimes should not be given
probation.
A period of time when a criminal must behave well and not
commit any more crimes in order to avoid being sent to prison.
Probation
Probation is a good way to reduce prison overcrowding, but it
must only be used for those who have committed minor crimes.
To return someone or something to a good or healthy condition,
Rehabilitate state or way of living.
 It is important to rehabilitate criminals while they are in prison
otherwise they may re-offend (commit a crime again) when they
are released from prison.
Having done something wrong or committed a crime.
Guilt If jurors (the members of a jury) find a defendantguilty, then that
person must be punished.
A group of people chosen to decide in a court of law if someone is
Jury guilty of a crime or not.
To ensure fairness in a criminal trial, there must be a jury.
To decide officially in a court of law that someone is guilty of a
crime.
Convict
He has been convicted of arson (starting a fire intentionally to
damage something) two times now.
Being made to pay money for breaking the law.
Fine
Motorists should be given a fine if they are caught speeding.
Being put in prison.
Imprisonment
Murderers are usually given life imprisonment.
Work that people do to help other people without payment,
and which young criminals whose crime was not serious
Community enough for them to be put in prison are sometimes ordered to
Service do.
Community service is a good alternative to prison for minor
offences.
Fairness in the way people are dealt with.
Justice Those who commit assaults must be imprisoned because the
victims want justice.
Someone who has suffered because of the actions of someone
else.
Victim
The victims of crime often need help and support to recover
from their bad experience.

Fitness, Diet and Health Vocabulary

Fat
Overweight 70% of the population is now overweight according to official
figures.
Extrememly fat or overweight.
Obesity
Obesity is now a real problem for teenagers.
 Teenagers who are obese are often bullied at school.
A mental illness in which people eat far too little or far too much
Eating food and are unhappy with their bodies.
Disorder Bulimia and anorexia are types of eating disorder. Both are
becoming more common.
Any substance which plants or animals need in order to live and
grow.
Nutrients
A healthy diet should consist of all the essentialnutrients.
This meal is very nutritious.
The food and drink usually eaten or drunk by a person or group.
OR
When someone eats less food, or only particular types of food,
because they want to become thinner or for medical reasons.
Diet
It is important to have a healthy diet. People must eat plenty of
fruit and vegetables.
I've been on a diet now for four weeks, and I've lost about one
kilo.
Eating more than your body needs.
Overeating There is evidence that overeating is one of the main causes of
obesity..
A food that is used with other foods in the preparation of a
Ingredients particular dish.
The ingredients of the dish include nuts, raisins, and parsley.

A condition that makes a person become ill or develop skin or

breathing problems because they have eaten certain foods or
been near certain substances.
Allergy Allergies are becoming more common, and this could be
connected to diet.
If I eat nuts, I have an allergic reaction. I cannot breath properly.
A substance which is added to food in order to improve its taste or
Additive appearance or to preserve it.
This food is full of additives so I'm not going to eat it.
To stop something from happening.
Lots of exercise will prevent a heart attack.
Prevent The prevention of health problems should be encouraged by the
government. For example, they could ban the advertising of fast
food to children.
Often changing and being different.
Variety
When preparing meals, you need to think aboutvariety and taste
 as well as nutritional value.

When you want to eat food.

Appetite
All that exercise has given me an appetite.
A substance in foods such as fruit, vegetables and brown bread,
which travels through the body as waste and helps the contents of
Fibre the bowels to pass through the body easily.
A diet that is high in fibre is important in order to maintain a
healthy body.
Happening or doing something often.
Regular
Regular physical exercise is important for good health.
Any of a group of natural substances which are necessary in
small amounts for the growth and good health of the body.
Vitamins
Many people take vitamin supplements these days in order to
keep their body healthy.
A disease in which the body cannot control the level of sugar in
the blood.
Diabetes
Diabetes is becoming much more prevalent ( = common or
widespread) amongst children.
The condition of the body and the degree to which it is free from
illness, or the state of being well.
Fruit has several health benefits.
Elderly people can have many health problems.
The health care in the country is deteriorating ( =getting worse).
There may be health risks from eating too much red meat.
Health education is very important if we are to prevent illness
and reduce medical costs.
Health Sweden has one of the best health systems in the world.
____________________________________________
The population of the country is in good health.
Lack of exercise can lead to poor health.
____________________________________________
He has a very healthy diet.
I have a healthy appetite.

Work Vocabulary

Employee Someone who is paid to work for someone else.

 The company has several hundred employees.
A person or organization that employs people.
Employer
Employers monitor their employees very carefully these days.
When someone is paid to work for a company or organization.
Employment Due to the recession, there are thousands of people looking
for employment.
I was employed in the company for several years.

Not working.
Unemployment
Levels of unemployment in the economy have been rapidly
increasing.
He has been unemployed for 6 months now.
To make the same journey regularly between work and home
Commute It is taking longer for people to commute to work because of
traffic problems.
Commuting to work everyday by bus is tiring.
Formal way to say 'job'.
Occupation
What is your occupation?
Working life or a particular job during one's working life that
gets better in terms of salary and position.
Career He is retired now but he had an amazing career ( = succesful
working life).
He hopes to have a career in the army
Any type of work which needs special training or a particular
skill, often one which is respected because it involves a high
Profession level of education.
The teaching profession is not as good as it used to be
because salaries have decreased.

Money paid each month to an employee for their work.

Public sector salaries are not keeping up with inflation.
Salary / Wages He receives a good wage because he works for a prestigious
company.
Businesses and industries that are owned or controlled by the
government.
Public Sector
You get a good pension if you work for the public sector, but
the salary is not always so good.
Businesses and industries that are privately owned.
 Most graduates hope to work in the private sectorwhen they
Private Sector finish university as there are more opportunities and the pay is
better than the public sector.
To stop working because of old age or ill health.
Retire The retirement age in most countries is 65.
He had to retire early due to ill health.
Working a fixed number of hours but having flexibility with start
and finish times.
Flexitime
They have introduced flexitime at my work place so I usually
start at 10am now and finish at 6pm.
To leave a job.
Resign / Quit He resigned from his job yesterday.
Don't quit your job unless you have another one to start.
To remove someone from their job, especially because they
Fire / Sack / have done something wrong
Dismiss He was fired / sacked / dismissed because he was late for
work every day.
A job position that is not filled and so is available.
Vacancy I spoke to the company and they said they had
several vacancies.
Working more than your contracted hours.
Overtime The employees often work overtime but they are not given
extra money so it is not fair.
The time worked in a job that is not normal hours.
She is a nurse so she has to work in shifts. One week she does
Shift the morning shift, and then the next week she will do the night
shift.
Shift work can be very tiring.

Information Technology Vocabulary

The right to use or look at something

Access
Everybody should have access to the internet.
Modern and well developed

Advanced Technological advances have brought many benefits to the

world.
Japan has very advanced technology (not 'high' technology!).
 To make a process in a factory or office operate by machines or
computers, in order to reduce the amount of work done by
humans and the time taken to do the work
Automation
The automation of production processes has led to increased
unemployment.
Many production processes these days areautomated.
When something joins or is joined to something else, or the part
or process that makes this possible
Connection Most people are connected to the internet these days.
Having a connection to the internet is important.
I often have problems connecting to the internet.
The act of communicating with people

Communication Email has made communication, especially abroad, much

simpler and faster.
Communicating with people by email is very easy.
An object or machine which has been invented for a particular
purpose
Device It is important to have some kind of
communication device such as a mobile telephone or the
internet.
A new idea or method

Innovation Smart phones are the latest innovation in computer

technology.
Steve Jobs was a great innovator.
Something which has never been made before, or the process
of creating something which has never been made before
Invention The world changed rapidly after the invention ofthe telephone.
Many useful devices have been invented over the last few
decades.
A piece of equipment with several moving parts which uses
power to do a particular type of work
Machine Factories now make use of machines to do a lot of the work
humans used to do.
Machinary does most of the work in factories.
Modern, recent, or containing the latest information
Up-to-date Teenagers think it is important to have the mostup-to-
date technology.
User-friendly If something, especially something related to a computer, is
user-friendly, it is simple for people to use
Modern mobile phones such as the i-phone are very user-
 friendly.

Environment Vocabulary

The air, water and land in or on which people, animals and plants live.
The
More must be done to protect the environmentfrom pollution.
Environment
Environmental problems are becoming very severe in many
countries.
The weather conditions generally present in an area or over a
long period.
Climate
The mediteranean region tends to have a mildclimate over the
winter.
The change in global climate patterns which appeared from the
mid to late 20th century onwards, caused mainly by the
Climate increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
The climate around the world has been changingrapidly over
Change the last decade.
Climate Change is one of the most serious problems that the
world is facing today.
The gas formed when carbon is burned, or when people or
Carbon animals breathe out.
Dioxide The burning of fossil fuels releases large amounts of carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere, which leads to global warming.
(CO2) Trees absorb carbon dioxide.

A natural fuel such as coal, gas, or oil formed in the geological

Fossil past from the remains of living organisms.
Fuels Some people do not believe that human's reliance on fossil
fuels is to blame for global warming.
A gradual rise in the world's temperatures caused by polluting
Global gases such as carbon dioxide which are collecting in the air
around the Earth and preventing heat escaping into space.
Warming Deforestation is contributing to global warmingbecause trees
absorb carbon dioxide.
Cutting down and clearing areas of forest.
Deforestation
Deforestation is destroying animal habitats.
The natural environment in which an animal or plant usually
Habitat lives.
 With so many areas of woodland being cut down, a lot of wildlife
is losing its natural habitat.

All the living things in an area and the way they affect each
other and the environment.
Ecosystem The world has a delicately balanced ecosystem, and pollution
can damange this.
The marine (= related to the sea) ecosystem was baldy
damaged by the oil spill..
The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular
habitat, a high level of which is usually considered to be
Biodiversity important and desirable.
The rich and diverse biodiversity of our planet must be
protected.
To make something less pure by exposing it to poisonous or
polluting substances.
Contamination The water has been contaminated by the release of toxic
chemicals into the river.
The water supply is being tested forcontamination.
Poisonous / A poisonous substance
Toxic / The dumping (= disposing of something in a careless way)
of toxic waste has contaminated the area.
Toxin Leaded fuel from cars releases toxins into the air which can
affect the brain.
A material or substance which is eliminated or discarded as no
longer useful or required after the completion of a process.
Waste
The Green Party opposes any kind of nuclearwaste being dumped
at sea.
The production and discharge of something.
Emission Emissions from car exhausts cause pollution around cities.
Carbon dioxide emissions must be reduced.
To graually reduce or destroy.
Erosion
Over-farming causes soil erosion.
A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a
shortage of water.
Drought
The severe drought this year has led to the loss of many
lives.
 Damage caused to water, air, land etc. by harmful substances
or waste.
Pollution Environmental pollution must be a top priority of
governments.
The air around the factory is very polluted.
Causing little or no damage to the environment and therefore
able to continue for a long time.
Sustainable Countries need to promote sustainabledevelopment in order to
protect the environment from further damage.

Science Vocabulary

A drug which has no physical effects, used in pharmaceutical

tests to compare the physical effects of taking a real drug from
its psychological effects.
Placebo She was given a placebo, not the real drug, but she said she
felt much better.
The placebo effect is when someone's condition improves
Placebo because they think they are taking medicine.
Effect She was given a placebo, not the real drug, but she said she
felt much better- that's the placebo effect.
An extra, usually bad, occurrence caused by taking a drug.
A side Drugs should not be tested on animals because there are many
possible side effects.
effect Much of today's modern medicine has side effects. I prefer
alternative therapies.
To show a particular result after a period of time.

The amount of evidence that scientists now haveproves that

Proof climate change is being caused by humans.
We now have proof that climate change is caused by human
activity.

A test done in order to learn something or to find out whether

something works or is true
Experiment
Experimenting on animals is necessary in order to discover if
new drugs are dangerous or not.
Scientists are conducting experiments to test the
effectiveness of the new drug.
A part of the DNA in a cell which contains information in a
special pattern received by each animal or plant from its
 parents, and which controls its physical development,
behaviour, etc
Gene Genes are an important factor in personaility development.
The doctors think his illness was genetic. It came from his
mother because she had the same illness when she was young.

Changing the structure of the genes of a living thing in order to

Genetic make it healthier or stronger or more useful to humans.
Engineering / There is evidence that genetically modifiedfood is harmful
to humans.
Modification Some plants have been genetically engineeredto be
resistant to herbicides.

Plants, animals or micro organisms that have changed through

Genetically genetic engineering.
Modified
Most commercialised GMO crop plants are insect resistant
Organisms
and/or herbicide tolerant.
(GMOs)
A plant or animal which has the same genes as the original
from which it was produced
Clone
The first animal to be cloned was Dolly the sheep.
I believe that cloning humans is unethical.
The deliberate large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climate
system, in order to try and control global warming
Geoengineering Some scientists believe geoengineering is the only way to
reduce the warming of the climate.
Controlling the weather by geoengineering is a possible
solution to climate change, but it is controversial.
A prefix for things related to computers, especially the internet.
Cyberbulling via social media such as Facebook has become a
Cyber major problem.
A cybercafe is a place where you can buy drinks and use
computers at the same time.
Using the most advanced and developed machines and methods.
High-Tech /
Hi-Tech Japan is a very high-tech country. Everyone has all the latest
electronic gadgets.
A formal statement of the rules on which a subject of study is based
Theory or of ideas which are suggested to explain a fact or event or, more
generally, an opinion or explanation
There are two opposing theories on the causes of climate change -
 one says it is caused by humans, the other believe it is a natural
cycle.

The Arts Vocabulary

Art forms created by humans, divided into visual, literary, and

performing.
The Arts
The govenment should not waste money on the arts. This
should be spent on public services instead.
The systems of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes,
meanings, hierarchies, religion that are shared by a relatively
large group of people.
Culture The culture of a country is reflected in its art.
Cultural differences can cause problems if you do business in
another country.

Relating to or involving the imagination or original ideas,

especially in the production of an artistic work.
Creative
He is an incredibly creative person - he's written many books
and plays and he can paint as well.
Music that is considered to be part of a long especially formal
tradition and to be of lasting value.
Classical
I prefer classical music such as Mozart and Bach to modern day
pop music.
A play or film in which part of the story is sung to music (noun).
OR
A skill in or great liking for music (adjective)
Musical "The Phantom of the Opera" is one of the bestmusicals that I
have ever seen.
Everyone in the family can play an instrument - they are
very musical.
An art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic
Opera work combining text and music, usually in a theatre.
Opera is not very popular amongst young people these days.
A building, room, or outside structure with rows of seats, each row
Theatre usually higher than the one in front, from which people can watch
a performance or other activity.
 My hometown does not have any theatres. There are many in
the capital though.
A show or action involving the entertaining of other people by
dancing, singing, acting, or playing music.
Performance His performance as MacBeth was amazing.
There will be a performace of a famous play at the Lyceum
Theatre tonight.
An organized set of special events, such as musical, art or film
performances.
Festival The Cannes Film festival has some great movies this year.
The local council organizes a music festival in my town every
year.
An event at which objects such as paintings are shown to the
public.
Exhibition There will be an exhibition at the weekend to show all of his
latest paintings.
His paintings were exhibited at the local art gallary over the
weekend.
The art of making two- or three-dimensional representative or
abstract forms, especially by carving stone or wood.
Sculpture
The museum has many life-sized sculptures of past Kings and
Queens of England.
A type of painting, drawing, or sculpture that uses shapes, lines,
and colour in a way that does not try to represent the appearance
Abstract of people or things.
Jackson Pollock is one of the most famous abtractartists. He
famous for dripping and splattering paint onto his canvas
A collection of objects or pictures arranged for people to look at, or
a performance or show for people to watch (= being shown).
Display
Jackson Pollock's most famous paintings are ondisplay at the Tate
Modern Art Gallery in London for 10 days.
To be filled with the urge or ability to do or feel something,
especially to do something creative.
Inspired Shakespears plays have inspired many young people to take up
writing and acting.
His method of acting really inspires me.
An object that is made by a person, such as a tool or a
decoration, especially one that is of historical interest.
Artefact
The museam in town has many artefacts that were found in the
local area. Most are tools from the Stone Age.
 Compose the sequence of steps and moves for a ballet or other
performance of dance.
Choreograph
Their dance routines had been carefullychoreographed so
there would be no mistakes.

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analyse constitutiona establishe indicate occur role

approach l d individual percent section
area context estimate interpretatio period sector
assess contract evidence n policy significant
assume create export involved principle similar
authority data factors issues procedur source
available definition financial labour e specific
benefit derived formula legal process structure
concept distribution function legislation required theory
 economic identified major research
consist variable
environment income method response

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design
achieve community institute potential
distinctio restrict
acquisition complex invest previous
n secure
administratio computer items primary
elements seekt
n conclusion journal purchase
equation select
affect conduct maintain range
evaluatio site
appropriate consequence normal region
n strategy
aspects s obtain regulation
features survey
assistance construction participat s
final text
categories consumer e relevant
focus tradition
chapter credit perceive resident
impact transfer
commission cultural positive resource
injury

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philosoph
alternative convene emphasis interact
y sex
circumstanc coordinate ensure justify
physical shift
e core exclude layer
proportion specify
comment corporate framewor link
sufficient
compensate correspond k locate
publish task
component criteria fund maximis
react technical
consent deduce illustrate e
register technique
considerable demonstrat immigrate minor
rely technology
constant e imply negate
remove valid
contain document initial outcome
scheme volume
contribute dominate instance partner
sequence
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access communicate error internal parallel resolve

adequate concentrate ethnic investigate parameter retain
annual confer goal job phase series
apparent contrast grant label predict statistic
approximate cycle hence mechanism principal status
attitude debate hypothesis obvious prior stress
attribute despite implement occupy professional subsequent
civil dimension implicate option project sum
code domestic impose output promote summary
commit emerge integrate overall regime undertake

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academy consult evolve license orient style

adjust contact expand logic perspective substitute
alter decline expose margin precise sustain
amend discrete external medical prime symbol
aware draft facilitate mental psychology target
capacity enable fundamental modify pursue transit
challenge energy generate monitor ratio trend
clause enforce generation network reject version
compound entity image notion revenue welfare
conflict equivalent liberal objective stable whereas

Sublist 6

Practice Practice Practice Practice Practice

Practice
words 11- words 21- words 31- words 41- words
words 1-10
20 30 40 50 51-60

abstract capable exceed incidence migrate recover

accurate cite expert incorporat minimum reveal
 e
acknowledg cooperate explicit ministry scope
index
e discriminat federal motive subsidy
inhibit
aggregate e fee neutral tape
initiate
allocate display flexible nevertheles trace
input
assign diverse furthermor s transfor
instruct
attach domain e overseas m
intelligenc
author edit gender precede transport
e
bond enhance ignorant presume underlie
interval
brief estate incentive rational utilize
lecture

Sublist 7

Practice Practice Practice Practice Practice

Practice
words 11- words 21- words words 41- words
words 1-10
20 30 31-40 50 51-60

empirical identical
adapt contrary phenomeno submit
equip ideology
adult convert n successo
extract infer
advocate couple priority r
file innovate
aid decade prohibit survive
finite insert
channel definite publish thesis
foundatio interven
chemical deny quote topic
n e
classic differentiat release transmit
globe isolate
comprehensiv e reverse ultimate
grade media
e dispose simulate unique
guarante mode
comprise dynamic sole visible
e paradig
confirm eliminate somewhat voluntary
hierarchy m

Sublist 8

Practice Practice Practice Practice Practice

Practice
words 1- words words 31- words 41- words 51-
words 11-20
10 21-30 40 50 60

abandon clarify deviate induce plus tense

accompan commodity displace inevitable practitioner terminate
y complement drama infrastructur predomina theme
accumulat eventua
e conform l e nt thereby
ambiguou contemporar exhibit inspect prospect uniform
s y exploit intense radical vehicle
append contradict fluctuat manipulate random via
appreciate crucial e minimize reinforce virtual
arbitrary currency guidelin nuclear restore visual
automate denote e offset revise widesprea
bias detect highlight paragraph schedule d
chart implicit

Sublist 9

Practice
Practice words Practice Practice Practice Practice
words 31-
1-10 words 11-20 words 21-30 words 41-50 words 51-60
40

accommodate commence duration mature preliminary sphere

analogy compatible erode mediate protocol subordinate
anticipate concurrent ethic medium qualitative supplement
assure confine format military refine suspend
attain controversy founded minimal relax team
behalf converse inherent mutual restrain temporary
bulk device insight norm revolution trigger
cease devote integral overlap rigid unify
coherent diminish intermediate passive route violate
coincide distort manual portion scenario vision

Sublist 10

Practice words 1-10 Practice words 11-20 Practice words 21-30

adjacent enormous odd

albeit forthcoming ongoing
assemble incline panel
collapse integrity persist
colleague intrinsic pose
compile invoke reluctance
conceive levy so-called
convince likewise straightforward
depress nonetheless undergo
encounter notwithstanding whereby

Hometown

I’d just like to ask you some questions about your hometown or city.

1. What type of place is it?

2. What was it like growing up there?
3. Has it changed much since you were a child?
Studies
I’d just like to ask you some questions about your studies.

1. What are you studying?

2. Why did you choose that particular course?
3. What job would you like when you have completed all your studies?
Work

I’d just like to ask you some questions about your work.

1. What work do you do?

2. What do you enjoy most about your work?
3. What are your main duties?
4. Is there any other work you would like to do in the future?
Free Time

I’d like to move on and ask you some questions about your free time

1. What type of activities do you like to do in your free time?

2. How long have you been interested in these activities?
3. Do you like to do theses activities alone or with other people? (Why)?
4. Do you think people have enough free time? (Why/why not)?
Family

I’d like to move on and ask you some questions about your family.

1. How many people are there in your family?

2. Do you all live in the same house? (Why/why not)?
3. What things do you like doing together?
4. Who is your favourite family member?
Timing

Let’s move on and talk about being on time for appointments.

1. Is being late acceptable in your culture? (Why/why not)?

2. Are you ever late for appointments? (Why/why not)?
3. What type of excuses do you think are alright for lateness?
4. How do you feel when someone is late for an appointment with you?
Neighbours

Let’s change the topic and talk about your neighbours

1. Do you know the people who live next door to you?

 2. How often do you see each other?
3. What kind of relationship do you have?
4. How can neighbours be helpful?
5. What kind of problems can people have with their neighbours in a big city?
Food

Moving to a new topic, I’d like to discuss cooking and meals with you.

1. Do you enjoy cooking? (Why/why not)?

2. What type of things can you cook? (Why)?
3. What kinds of food are popular in your country?
4. Is it an important part of your culture to have dinner parties? (Why)?
5. Do you prefer to eat with other people or on your own? (Why)?
Dreams

I’d now like to discuss your night time dreams with you.

1. Do you dream much at night?

2. Do you often remember your dreams?
3. Do you think we can learn anything from dreams? (Why)?
4. Do people in your country talk about their dreams? (Why)?
5. Do you think that dreams can come true?
Magazines and Newspapers

Okay, let’s move to a different topic and discuss magazines and newspapers.

1. Which do you prefer reading, newspapers or magazines? (Why)?

2. What type of stories do you like to read about? (Why)?
3. Do you think reading a magazine or a newspaper can help you learn a
language? (Why)?
4. Why do you think some people prefer magazines to newspapers?
Humour

Let’s change the topic and talk about comedy and humour.

1. What type of programmes do you find funny on TV?

2. Which types of programmes are most popular in your country? (Why)?
3. What kind of things make you laugh? (Why)?
4. Do you like to make people laugh? (How)?
5. Do you think it is important to have a sense of humour? (Why)?
Describe a child that you know.
You should say:
Who the child is
How you know the child
When you see the child
Explain why you like/dislike this child.

Describe someone who has had an important influence on your

life.
You should say:
Who the person is
How long you have known him/her
What qualities this person has
Explain why they have had such an influence on you.

Describe an old person that you know.

You should say:
What your relationship is to this person
How often you see them
What people think about this person
Explain why you like them.

Describe a lake, a river or a sea you have visited.

You should say:
Where the lake is
How often you have visited it
What activities you do there
Explain why you like this particular place.

Describe a present you have given someone.

You should say:
Who you gave it to
What kind of present it was
How it compared to other presents you have given
Explain why you decided to give this particular gift.
Describe a sporting event you attended.
You should say:
What kind of sport is was
How it compared to other events you’ve been to
How often it takes place
Explain why you consider this event to be of interest.

Describe a TV show that you enjoy.

You should say:
What type of show it is
How often it is on
How popular it is with other people in your country
Explain why you like it.

Describe a happy childhood event.

You should say:
When it happened
Who was involved
How you felt at the time
Explain why you remember this particular occasion.

Eating habits

1. Tell me about the types of food that people eat in your country.
2. How are the eating habits now in your country different from eating habits in
the past?
3. How healthy is your country’s food?
4. Why do you think different cultures have different table manners?
5. How may eating habits change in coming decades?
Education

1. How are education priorities today different from those in the past?
2. What is your opinion on the way languages are taught in schools?
3. How can the type of school you go to affect career success?
4. What changes do you think will happen in the classroom in the near future?
Environment
1. Is water pollution a problem in your country?
2. What are some of the causes of water pollution?
3. What can individuals do to try and ensure water is kept clean?
4. Do you think problems with the cleanliness of water will improve in the
future?
Influence of television

1. How popular is watching television in your country?

2. Tell me about the types of programme that are generally on television in
your country.
3. Why do people like watching television?
4. Do you think state or private television is better?
5. What effects can watching television have on children?
Influences on the young

1. What type of people influence the young in your country?

2. Why it is important to have role models?
3. Do you think the education system in your country influences young
people’s behavior?
4. What type of person (parents, teachers, friends etc) are best to influence
young people’s behavior?
5. What do you think young people will be most influenced by it the future?
Leisure activities

1. What types of leisure activities are popular in your country?

2. Why it is important for people to have time for leisure activities?
3. Why are some activities more popular than others?
4. Are the types of leisure activities that are popular today the same as those
that were popular when your parents were young?
5. What types of leisure activities may become more popular in the future?
Shopping

1. Is shopping a popular activity in your country

2. How have shopping habits changed over recent years?
3. To what extent do you think advertising affects the way people shop?
4. Do you think shopping habits are likely to change in the future?
Sports

1. What types of sports are popular in your country?

2. What are the benefits of playing a sport?
3. Do you think the types of sport that are popular will change in the future?
4. how can sports bring people from different countries closer together?
Transport

1. How do most people travel long distances in your country?

2. Have the types of transport people use changed much over the last few
decades?
3. What kinds of improvement have there been in transport in your country in
recent years?
4. Do you think transport is likely to continue to improve in the future?

HOLIDAY

Part 1-style questions

Examiner: What kind of holiday do you like?

Miguel: I try to avoid tourist traps … I like to get away from it
all and prefer going somewhere off the beaten track … last year I
had the holiday of a lifetime … a two week wildlife safari in Kenya.

Examiner: What do you like to do when you’re on holiday?

Anna: I enjoy visiting the local places of interest … I like to go
sightseeing and always sign up forguided tours as it’s a chance to be
shown around and take photographs … one of my hobbies.

Examiner: Do you have many tourists in your country?

Amy: Yes … we have a lot of holiday resorts along the coast that are
popular with tourists … most people come on package holidays and
stay in one of the many hotels and self-cateringapartments.

Part 2-style task

Describe a beautiful place you once visited. You should say:

 when you went to this place
 where it was
 who you went with
and say why you liked it so much.

Sally: A few years ago I went on a long weekend to the Lake District in
the UK … it’s a very popular holiday destination in the north of
England … I went on my own and had a wonderful time … I stayed in
a youth hostel and met some really nice people … but the most
memorable thing about the holiday were the breathtaking views …
and lovely picturesque villages … it can get very busy with hordes of
tourists so I decided to go out of season in the autumn … the
weather was fantastic and the shops were full of local crafts … a really
great holiday … it’s certainly not the kind of short break for someone
looking for a busy nightlife but if you want to relax in the middle
of stunning landscape I would certainly recommend a holiday to the
Lake District.

Part 3-style questions

Examiner: What do you think has led to the growth in the tourist
industry?
Miguel: It’s much easier and affordable to travel now … nowadays you
can get cheap charter-flights or all-in packages … to somewhere
near or to a far-off destination.

Examiner: How do people tend to choose a destination?

Anna: The Internet is a great source of information and high
street travel agents are still very popular … that’s where I like to go to
get holiday brochures for the place I’m interested in.
Examiner: People sometimes say flying is the most glamorous form of
travel. Do you agree?
Amy: I’m not so sure really … flying can be quite boring … queuing up at
the check-in desk … going through passport control … sitting for
ages in the departure lounge … then the flight itself can be quite
uncomfortable … no … I’m not sure I agree.

Definitions
 all-in package/package holiday: a holiday where you purchase
the travel and accommodation together
 breathtaking view: an extremely beautiful view
 charter-flight: a cheaper form of flying than a scheduled flight
 check-in desk: the place at the airport where you register for
your flight and deposit your luggage
 departure lounge: where you wait for your flight to be called
 far-off destination: somewhere a long way away
 to get away from it all: to take a holiday to escape a busy or
stressful lifestyle
 guided tour: an organised group shown around a place of interest
by an expert
 holiday brochure: a glossy publication with details of holiday
packages
 holiday destination: where you go for a holiday
 holiday of a lifetime: a special holiday that you are unlikely to
repeat
 holiday resort: a place where lots of people go for a holiday
 hordes of tourists: crowds of tourists
 local crafts: objects produced locally
 long weekend: an extended weekend holiday including Friday or
Monday
 out of season: outside of the main holiday period
 picturesque village: very pretty village
 passport control: the place where your passport is checked
 places of interest: sites of interest to tourists
 wildlife safari: a holiday, often in Africa, to observe wild animals
 self-catering: a holiday where you supply your own food
 short break: a short holiday
 to go sightseeing: to look around the tourist sites
 stunning landscape: extremely beautiful countryside
 travel agent: a shop that specialises in booking holidays
 tourist trap: somewhere where too many tourists go
 youth hostel: a cheap form of accommodation

RELATIONSHIP

Part 1-style questions

Examiner: Do you see your friends very often?
Louisa: Yes … we meet up most weekends … we all get on really
well and have a lot in commonso we’re always happy doing the same
things and going to the same places.

Examiner: What do you like about your close friends?

Anna: I think we enjoy each other’s company … we see eye-to-eye
on most things so we rarelyfall out with each other.

Examiner: Have you known each other long?

Amy: Most of them yes … although my closest friend Carrie … we struck
up a relationship at college and got on like a house on fire … but
yes … my other friendships go back years to when we were at school.

Part 2-style task

Describe a person you are very close to. You should say:
 who this person is
 when you met them
 where you met them
and say what it is about them you like so much.

Reiko: I’d like to talk about my boyfriend … Jose … we got to

know each other at University almost 4 years ago … we were in the
same department … initially we were just good friends and used to go
out in a group with our other friends … when Jose went back to Spain for
the holidays we would keep in touch with each other … then one year
he invited me to come to Spain with him … and that’s when we fell
for each other I think … so you couldn’t really say it was love at first
sight as it had been over a year since we’d met … but we really hit it
off and by the time we got back to university in September we were able
to tell all our friends that we were in a relationship … what do I like
about Jose … well he’s very kind … very funny … and very supportive …
and we’re really well matched in our interests … he hasn’t popped
the question yet though … we’ve talked about getting married and I
think we’re both ready to settle down and have children … we’ll just
have to wait and see …

Part 3-style questions

Examiner: Do you think marriage is still as important as ever?

Cristine: Yes … it certainly is in my country … I think the problem for
some people is a lack of commitment … all relationships have their ups
and downs …. but some people prefer to break up rather
than working at the relationship.
Examiner: What do you think is the ideal time to get married?
Terry: Personally … I think you should wait until you’ve found yourself
first … decided if you want a career … perhaps do some travelling … you
should do this before tying the knot … although if you fall head over
heels in love plans like these can easily be forgotten.

Examiner: Is it important to keep in contact with our friends when we’re

in a relationship?
Maria: Absolutely … it’s so easy to drift apart from your friends when
you fall in love … but I think both partners should try not to lose
touch with their friends … that’s the best way to have a healthy
relationship with your partner.

Definitions
 to break up: to end a romantic relationship
 to drift apart: to become less close to someone
 to enjoy someone’s company: to like spending time with
someone
 to fall for: to fall in love
 to fall head over heels in love: to start to love someone a lot
 to fall out with: to have a disagreement and stop being friends
 to get on like a house on fire: to like someone’s company very
much indeed
 to get on well with: to understand someone and enjoy similar
interests
 to get to know: to begin to know someone
 to go back years: to have known someone for a long time
 to have a lot in common: to share similar interests
 to have ups and downs: to have good and bad times
 a healthy relationship: a good, positive relationship
 to hit it off: to quickly become good friends with
 to be in a relationship: to be romantically involved with
someone
 to be just good friends: to not be romantically involved
 to keep in touch with: to keep in contact with
 to lose touch with: to not see or hear from someone any longer
 love at first sight: to fall in love immediately you meet someone
 to pop the question: to ask someone to marry you
 to see eye to eye: to agree on a subject
 to settle down: to give up the single life and start a family
 to strike up a relationship: to begin a friendship
 to tie the knot: to get married
 to be well matched: to be similar to
  to work at a relationship: to try to maintain a positive
relationship with someone

TECHNOLOGY

Part 1-style questions

Examiner: Do you enjoy using technology?
Stephan: Well … I wouldn’t call myself a techie or a computer buff but
I enjoy using computers … I’d like to find out more about how they work
… when my computer crashes I never know what to do.

Examiner: Do you use the Internet for your studies?

Sophie: Yes … I’d be lost without it … I do lots of video conferencing to
practise speaking andsocial media like Facebook is a good way to meet
up with other students … and I download podcasts that teach English
vocabulary and grammar.

Examiner: Do you have your own computer?

Tania: Yes … I have a Macbook Pro … I use it all the time … for word
processing … browsing websites and catching up with TV
programmes I’ve missed.

Part 2-style task

Describe an item of technology you have that is very important. You
should say:
 what the technology is
 when you got it
 how often you use it
and say how different your daily life would be without it.

Mattie: I don’t have many gadgets … just a computer … a laptop and

my mobile phone … but I’ll talk about my computer as it’s so useful …
it’s funny really … 2 years ago I was still learning to use computers …
how to use email … send attachments how to access websites …
then I decided to do a digital editing course for video and photography
… and so I bought the laptop when I started the course … my husband
had a desktop PC but it was very slow so I decided to upgradeto a
powerful one because we do a lot of video editing on the course … it’s
a high-spec laptop … very fast … the latest operating system …
it boots up really quickly and it’s fun to use so it makes working a
pleasure … I’ve become a competent computer user now … if I didn’t
have it I daresay I’d have to spend more time at college using their
computers … but on the positive side I suppose I’d read a lot more if I
didn’t have it … I probably waste a lot of time surfing the web … but
hopefully I won’t have to be without it …
Part 3-style questions
Examiner: What do you think are the important things people need to
learn when they start using computers?
Alejandro: Well … there are things like how to use the Internet … how to
enter a web address … how to navigate websites … that kind of
thing but it’s also important to know how to back upyour files in case
your computer crashes … and all about Internet security.

Examiner: What kind of technological developments have made the

biggest impact on our lives?
Faydene: In my lifetime it has to be the Internet of course but I also think
wifi has made a huge difference to how we interact with the Internet
… wireless networks at home and public wifi hotspots mean we
can go online easily … access our mail … log into our work intranet
and basically be connected wherever we are.

Examiner: Do computers make it much easier to study?

Jane: Definitely yes … researching information is much easier with the
Internet .. you canbookmark webpages for future reference and
writing essays is much easier … being able to cut and paste sections
of text means you can experiment with organisation … so yes …
compared to years ago when you had a pile of books on your desk and a
pen and paper … it’s now much easier.

Definitions
 to access websites/email: to locate
 to back up files: to make a copy of files in case of a computer
problem
 to boot up: to start a computer
 to bookmark a webpage: to mark a webpage for future
reference
 to browse websites: to look at websites
 a computer buff: an expert computer user
 to crash: to suddenly stop working
 to cut and paste: to move text or images from one place in a
document to another place
 a desktop PC: a computer that isn’t portable and remains in situ
on a desk
 digital editing: to edit digital materials like audio or video files
 download (podcasts): to save a copy of a file from the internet
to your own device
 to enter a web address: to type the address of a website into
the address bar of your browser
 a gadget: a technological tool like a mobile phone or camera
 to go online: to start using the Internet
 high-spec (laptop): powerful computer with top quality
components
 Internet security: Internet safety
 intranet: a network of connected computers within an
organisation that is not accessible by unauthorised visitors
 to navigate a website: to find your way around a website
 operating system: the software that tells the computer how to
work
 send an attachment: send an email with an accompanying file
 social media: media used to interact with other people such as
Facebook or Twitter
 to surf the web: to look at a series of websites one after the
other
 a techie: somebody who has an interest in technology
 to upgrade: to obtain a more powerful or feature-rich computer
or piece of software
 video conferencing: to see and hear people from different
locations using the Internet
 wireless hotspot: a public place where you can access the
Internet
 wireless network: a network where users can access the Internet
without the use of fixed cables
 word processing; producing written texts on a computer