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NCERT Solutions for Class 12
Maths
Chapter 7- Integrals
Exercise 7.1
1. Find an anti-derivative (or integral) of the following functions by the

method of inspection. sin 2x
Ans: We use the method of inspection as follows:
d 1 d
 cos 2x   2sin 2x    cos 2x 
dx 2 dx
d  1 
 sin 2x    cos 2x 
dx  2 
1
Thus, the anti-derivative of sin 2x is  cos 2x .
2

method of inspection. cos 3x
d 1 d
 sin 3x   3cos3x   sin 3x 
dx 3 dx
d 1 
 cos3x   sin 3x 
dx  3 
1
Thus, the anti - derivative of cos 3x is sin 3x .
3

method of inspection. e 2x
 e   2e 2 x  e 
d 2x 1 d 2x
dx 2 dx
d 1 
 e2 x   e2 x 
dx  2 
1
Thus, the anti-derivative of e 2 x is e2 x .
2
Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 1

method of inspection.  ax  b 
2

d
 ax  b   3a  ax  b 
3 2
dx
1 d
  ax  b    ax  b 
2 3
3a dx
d  1 3
  ax  b     ax  b  
2
dx  3a 
1
Thus, the anti-derivative of  ax  b  is  ax  b  .
2 3
3a

method of inspection. sin 2x  4e 3x
d  1 4 3x 
  cos 2x  e    sin 2x  4e 
3x
dx  2 3 
 1 4 
Thus, the anti-derivative of  sin 2x  4e3x  is   cos 2x  e3x  .
 2 3 
6.   4e3x  1 dx
Ans:
  4e  1 dx
3x
 4  e3x dx  1dx
 e3x 
 4 xC
 3 
4
 e3x  x  C
3
 1
x  1  2  dx
2
7.
 x 
Ans:
2 1 
  x 2  dx
x 1 

   x 2  1 dx
x3
 xC
3
8.   ax2  bx  c  dx
Ans:
  ax  bx  c dx
2
 a  x 2dx  b  xdx  c 1.dx

 x3   x2 
 a    b    cx  C
 3  2
ax 3 bx 2
   cx  C
3 2
9.   2x2  ex  dx
Ans:
  2x  e  dx
2 x
 2  x 2dx   e x dx
 x3  x
 2   e  C
 3
2
 x 3  ex  C
3
2
 1 
10.   x   dx
 x
Ans:
2
 1 
  x  x  dx
 
 1 
   x   2  dx
 x 
1
  xdx   dx  21.dx
x
2
x
  log x  2x  C
2

x 3  5x 2  4
11.  dx
x2
x 3  5x 2  4
Ans:  dx
x2
   x  5  4x 2  dx
  xdx  51.dx  4  x 2dx
x2 4
  5x   C
2 x
x 3  3x  4
12.  dx
x
x 3  3x  4
Ans:  dx
x
 52 1
 
1
   x  3x  4x 2  dx
2
 
 32   12 
3  
x 4 x 
7
      C
x2

7 3 1
2 2 2
7 3
2
 x 2  2x 2  8 x  C
7
x3  x2  x  1
13.  dx
x1
x3  x 2  x  1
Ans:  dx
x 1
We obtain, on dividing:
   x 2  1 dx
  x 2dx  1.dx
x3
 xC
3
14.  1  x  xdx
Ans:  1  x  xdx

 3

   x  x 2  dx
 
1 3
  x 2 dx   x 2 dx
2 3 2 5
 x2  x2  C
3 5
15.  x  3x 2  2x  3  dx
Ans:  x  3x 2  2x  3 dx
 52 3 1

 3  2x  2x  3x 2 
2
 
5 3 1
 3 x dx  2  x dx  3 x dx
2 2 2
6 72 4 52 3
 x  x  2x  C
2
7 5
  2x  3cosx  e  dx
x
16.
Ans:   2x  3cos x  e  dx x
 2 xdx  3 cos xdx   e dx x
2x 2
  3  sin x   e x  C
2
 x 2  3sin x  e x  C
  2x  3sin x  5 x dx 
2
17.
  2x  3sin x  5 x dx 
2
Ans:
1
 2  x 2dx  3 sin xdx  5 x 2 dx

 3
2x 3  x2 
  3   cos x   5    C
3 3
 
 2 
3
2 10
 x 3  3cos x  x 2  C
3 3

18.  secx  secx  tan x  dx
Ans:  sec x  sec x  tan x  dx
   sec 2 x  sec x tan x  dx
  sec 2 xdx   sec x tan xdx
 tan x  sec x  C
sec2 x
19.  dx
cosec2 x
sec2 x
Ans:  dx
cosec2 x
1
2
  cos x dx
1
sin 2 x
sin 2 x
 dx
cos 2 x
  tan 2 xdx
  sec 2 xdx  1dx
 tan x  x  C
2  3sin x
20.  cos 2 x
dx
2  3sin x
Ans:  dx
cos 2 x
 2 3sin x 
    dx
 cos x cos x 
2 2
  2sec 2 xdx  3 tan x sec xdx

 2 tan x  3sec x  C
 1 
21. The anti – derivative of  x   equals
 x
1 13 1
A. x  2x 2  C
3

2 23 1 2
B. x  x  C
3 2
2 32 1
C. x  2x 2  C
3
3 32 1 12
D. x  x  C
2 2
Ans:
 1 
 x  
 x
3 1
1 1
 x2
x 2
  x dx   x dx 
2 2
 C
3 1
2 2
2 32 1
 x  2x 2  C
3
Thus, the correct answer is C.
d 3
22. If f  x   4x 3  4 such that f  2   0 then f  x  is
dx x
1 129
A. x4  3 
x 8
1 129
B. x 3  4 
x 8
1 129
C. x4  3 
x 8
1 129
D. x 3  4 
x 8
d 3
Ans: Given, f  x   4x 3  4
dx x
3
Anti-derivative of 4x 3  4  f  x 
x
3
 f  x    4x 3  4  f  x 
x
f  x   4  x dx  3  x 4 dx
3
 x 4   x 3 
f  x   4    3 C
  
4  3 

1
f  x   x4  C
x3
Also,
f  2  0
1
f  2   2  3 C  0
4
 
2
1
 16   C  0
8
129
C
8
1 129
f  x   x4  3 
x 8
Thus, the correct answer is A.
Exercise 7.2
2x
1.
1  x2
Ans: Substitute 1  x 2  t
 2xdx  dt
2x 1
 dx   dt
1  x2 t
 log t  C
 log 1  x 2  C
 log 1  x 2   C
 log x 
2
2.
x
Ans: Substitute log x  t
1
 dx  dt
x
 log x  dx 
2
  t dt
2

t3
 C
3
 log x 
3
 C
3
1
3.
x  xlog x
1 1
Ans: 
x  x log x x 1  log x 
Substitute 1  log x  t
1
 dx  dt
x
1 1
 dx   dt
x 1  log x  t
 log t  C
 log 1  log x  C
4. Sin x.sin  cos x 

Ans: Sin x.sin  cos x 
Put,cos x  t
 sin xdx  dt
  sin x.sin  cos x  dx    sin tdt
    cos t   C
 cos t  C
 cos  cos x   C
5. Sin  ax  b  cos  ax  b 
2sin  ax  b  cos  ax  b  sin 2  ax  b 
Ans: Sin  ax  b  cos  ax  b   
2 2
Substitute 2  ax  b   t
 2adx  dt
sin 2  ax  b  1 sin t
 dx   dt
2 2 2a

1
   cos t   C
4a
1
 cos 2  ax  b   C
4a
6. ax  b
Ans: Substitute ax  b  t
 adx  dt
1
 dx  dt
a
1
1 1
   ax  b  2 dx   t 2 dt
a
 1
1  t2  2 3
    C   ax  b  2  C
a 3  3a
2
7. x x  2
Ans: Substitute x  2  t
 dx  dt
  x x  2    t  2  tdt
 3 1

   t 2  2t 2 dt
 
3 1
  t dt  2  t dt
2 2
2 52 4 32
 t  t C
5 3
8. x 1  2x 2
Ans: Substitute 1  2x 2  t
 4xdx  dt
tdt
  x 1  2x 2 dx  
4
1 12
  t dt
4

 3
1  t2 
  C
4 3 
2
 1  2x   C
3
1 2 2
9.  4x  2  x 2  x  1
Ans: Substitute x 2  x  1  t
  2x  1 dx  dt
  4x  2  x 2  x  1dx
  2 tdt
 2  tdt
 3 
 t2 
 
3
4 2
 2   C  x  x  1 2
C
3 3
 
2 
1
10.
x x
1 1
Ans: 
x x x x 1  
Substitute  
x 1  t
1 2
 dx   dt
x  x 1  t
 2log t  C
 2log x  1  C
x
11. ,x  0
x4
Ans: Substitute x  4  t

 dx  dt
x  t  4  dt   t  4 dt
 x4
dx    
t  t
3  1
t 2  t2  2 32 1
  4   C   t   8 t 2  C
3 1 3
 
2 2
1 1
2 2
 t.t  8t 2  C
3
2 1
 t 2  t  12   C
3
2
 x  4  x  8  C
3
12.  x  1 x 5
1
3 3
Ans: Substitute x 3  1  t
 3x 2dx  dt
   x  1 x dx    x  1 x 3 .x 2dx
1 1
3 3 5 3 3
1
dt 1  43 13 
  t 3  t  1   t  t  dt
3 3  
1  3 73 3 34 
  t  t C
3 7 4 
  x  1   x  1  C
7 4
1 3 3
1 3 3
7 4
x2
13.
 2  3x  3 3
Ans: Substitute 2  3x 3  t
 9x 2dx  dt
x2 1 dt
 dx   3
 2  3x  3 3
9 t

1  t 2 
  C
9  2 
1
 C
18  2  3x 
3 2
1
14. ,x  0
x  log x 
m
Ans: Substitute log x  t

1
dx  dt
x
1 dt  t  m 1 
 m dx   m  C
x  log x   t   1  m 
 log x 
1 m
 C
1  m 
x
15.
9  4x 2
Ans: Substitute 9  4x 2  t
8xdx  dt
x 1 1
 dx   dt
9  4x 2
8 t
1
 log t  C
8
1
 log 9  4x 2  C
8
16. e 2x 3
Ans: Substitute 2x  3  t
 2dx  dt
1
  e 2 x 3dx   e t dt
2
  et   C
1
2
1
 e  2 x  3  C
2
x
17. 2
ex
Ans: Substitute x 2  t
 2xdx  dt
x 1 1
  x dx   t dt 2
e 2 e
1
  e  t dt
2
1  e t 
  C
2  1 
1
  e x  C
2
2
1
 x C 2
2e
1
etan x
18.
1  x2
Ans: Substitute tan 1 x  t
1
 dx  dt
1  x2
1
e tan x
 dx  dt
1  x2
 et  C
1
 e tan x
C
e 2x  e 2x
19. Solve the following: 2x .
e  e 2x
e 2 x  e 2 x
Ans: Given expression 2 x .
e  e2 x
Let us substitute e2x  e2x  t , we get
 2e2x  2e2x  dx  dt
 2  e2x  e2x  dx  dt
Integration of given expression is
e2x  e2x dt
  2x 
e e 2x
2t

e2x  e2x 1 1
  2x   dt
e  e2x 2 t
e2x  e2x 1
  2x  log t  C
e  e2x 2
Again substitute t  e2x  e2x , we get
e2x  e2x 1
  2x  log e2x  e2x  C
e e 2x
2
20. Solve the following: tan 2  2x  3  .

Ans: Given expression tan 2  2x  3 .
We can apply the identity tan 2 x  sec2 x  1 , we get
tan 2  2x  3  sec 2  2x  3  1
Substitute 2x  3  t , we get
2dx  dt
  tan 2  2x  3 dx   sec2  2x  3  1dx
1
  tan 2  2x  3 dx   sec 2 tdt  1dx
2
1
  tan 2  2x  3 dx  tan t  x  C
2
Substitute 2x  3  t
1
  tan 2  2x  3 dx  tan  2x  3  x  C
2
21. Solve the following: sec2  7  4x  .

Ans: Given expression sec2  7  4x  .
Put 7  4x  t , we get
4dx  dt
1
  sec2  7  4x  dx    sec 2 tdt
4
1
  sec2  7  4x  dx   tan t  C
4
Substitute 7  4x  t , we get
1
  sec2  7  4x  dx   tan  7  4x   C
4

sin 1 x
22. Solve the following: .
1  x2
sin 1 x
Ans: Given expression .
1  x2
Put sin 1 x  t , we get
1
 dx  dt
1  x2
sin 1 x
 dx   tdt
1 x 2
sin 1 x t2
 dx   C
1  x2 2
Substitute sin x  t , we get
1
 sin 1 x 
2
sin 1 x
 dx  C
1  x2 2
2cos x  3sin x
6cos x  4sin x
2cos x  3sin x
Ans: Given expression is .
6cos x  4sin x
Given expression can be written as
2cos x  3sin x 2cos x  3sin x

6cos x  4sin x 2  3cos x  2sin x 
Let 3cos x  2sin x  t , we get
 3sin x  2cos x  dx  dt
2cos x  3sin x 2cos x  3sin x
 dx   dx
6cos x  4sin x 2  3cos x  2sin x 
2cos x  3sin x dt
 dx  
6cos x  4sin x 2t
2cos x  3sin x 1 1
 dx   dt
6cos x  4sin x 2 t
2cos x  3sin x 1
 dx  log t  C
6cos x  4sin x 2
Substitute 3cos x  2sin x  t

2cos x  3sin x 1
 dx  log 2sin x  3cos x  C
6cos x  4sin x 2
1
cos x  1  tan x 
2 2
1
Ans: Given expression 2 .
cos 2 x 1  tan x 
1 sec 2 x
2 
cos 2 x 1  tan x  1  tan x 
2
Let 1  tan x   t , we get

 sec2 xdx  dt
1 sec 2 x
 2 dx   2 dx
cos 2 x 1  tan x  1  tan x 
1 dt
 dx  
cos 2 x 1  tan x 
2
t2
1
 2 dx    t dt
2
cos x 1  tan x 
2
1 1
 2 dx  C
2
t
Substitute 1  tan x   t ,
1 1
 dx  C
2 2
1  tan x 
cos x
x
cos x
Ans: Given expression is .
x
Let x  t , we get
1
dx  dt
2 x

cos x
 dx  2 cos tdt
x
cos x
 dx  2sin t  C
x
Substitute x  t
cos x
 dx  2sin x  C
x
26. Solve the following: sin 2x cos 2x .

Ans: Given expression is sin 2x cos 2x .
Let sin 2x  t , we get
2cos2xdx  dt
1
  sin 2x cos 2xdx   tdt
2
 3
1  t2 
  sin 2x cos 2xdx     C
2 3 
2
1 3
  sin 2x cos 2xdx  t 2  C
3
Substitute sin 2x  t
1 3
  sin 2x cos 2xdx   sin 2x  2  C
3
cos x
1  sin x
cos x
1  sin x
Let 1  sin x  t
cos xdx  dt
cos x dt
 dx  
1  sin x t

1
cos x t 2
 dx   C
1  sin x 1
2
cos x
 dx  2 t  C
1  sin x
Substitute 1  sin x  t ,
cos x
 dx  2 1  sin x  C
1  sin x
28. Solve the following: cot xlogsin x .

Ans: Given expression cot x logsin x .
Let logsin x  t , we get
1
cos xdx  dt
sin x
 cot xdx  dt
 cot x logsin xdx   tdt
t2
  cot x logsin xdx  C
2
Substitute logsin x  t ,
1
  cot x logsin xdx   logsin x   C
2
sin x
1  cos x
sin x
1  cos x
Let 1  cos x  t
sin x dt
 dx   
1  cos x t
sin x
 dx   log t  C
1  cos x
Substitute 1  cos x  t ,
sin x
 dx   log 1  cos x  C
1  cos x
sin x
 1  cos x 
2
sin x
1  cos x 
Let 1  cos x  t
sin x dt
 2 dx    2
1  cos x  t
sin x
 2 dx    t dt
2
1  cos x 
sin x 1
 2 dx  C
1  cos x  t
Substitute 1  cos x  t ,
sin x 1
 2 dx  C
1  cos x  1  cos x
1
1  cot x
1
1  cot x
1
Let I   dx
1  cot x
1
I dx
1  cot x
1
I dx
cos x
1
sin x
sin x
I dx
sin x  cos x
1 2sin x
I  dx
2 sin x  cos x
1  sin x  cos x    sin x  cos x 
I  dx
2 sin x  cos x

1  sin x  cos x   sin x  cos x 
I 
2 sin x  cos x

sin x  cos x
dx
1 1  sin x  cos x 
 I  1dx   dx
2 2 sin x  cos x
Let sin x  cos x  t
  cos x  sin x  dx  dt
Substitute in above obtained equation, we get
1 1 dt
 I  x  
2 2 t
x 1
 I   log t  C
2 2
Substitute sin x  cos x  t ,
x 1
 I   log sin x  cos x  C
2 2
1
1  tan x
1
1  tan x
1
Let I   dx
1  tan x
1
I dx
1  tan x
1
I dx
sin x
1
cos x
cos x
I dx
cos x  sin x
1 2cos x
I  dx
2 cos x  sin x
1  cos x  sin x    cos x  sin x 
I  dx
2 cos x  sin x
1  cos x  sin x   cos x  sin x 
I   dx
2 cos x  sin x cos x  sin x
1 1  cos x  sin x 
 I  1dx   dx
2 2 cos x  sin x
Let cos x  sin x  t
   sin x  cos x  dx  dt
1 1 dt
 I  x  
2 2 t
x 1
 I   log t  C
2 2
Substitute cos x  sin x  t ,
x 1
 I   log cos x  sin x  C
2 2
tan x
sin xcos x
tan x
sin x cos x
tan x
Let I   dx
sin x cos x
Multiply and divide by cos x , we get
tan x  cos x
I dx
sin x cos x  cos x
tan x  cos x
I dx
tan x  cos 2 x
sec 2 x
I dx
tan x
Let tan x  t
sec2 xdx  dt
dt
 I   dx
t
I2 t C
Substitute tan x  t ,
 I  2 tan x  C
1  log x 
2

x

1  log x 
2

x
Let 1  log x  t
1
 dx  dt
x
1  log x  dx  t 2dt
2
 x

1  log x 
2
t3
 dx   C
x 3
Substitute 1  log x  t
1  log x  1  log x 
2 3
 dx  C
x 3
 x  1 x  log x 
2

x
 x  1 x  log x 
2

x
Given expression cab be written as
 x  1 x  log x    x  1  x  log x 2
2
  
x  x 
 x  1 x  log x 
2
 1
  1    x  log x 
2
x  x
Let x  log x  t
 1
 1   dx  dt
 x
 x  1 x  log x 
2
 dx   t 2dt
x
 x  1 x  log x 
2
t3
 dx   C
x 3
Substitute x  log x  t
 x  1 x  log x 
2
1
 dx   x  log x   C
3
x 3

x 3 sin  tan 1 x 4 
1  x8
x 3 sin  tan 1 x 4 
1  x8
Let x 4  t ,
 4x 3dx  dt
x 3 sin  tan 1 x 4  1 sin  tan t 
1
 dx   dt ………(1)
1  x8 4 1 t2
Let tan 1 t  u
1
 dt  du
1  t2
Substitute in eq. (1), we get
x 3 sin  tan 1 x 4  1
 dx   sin udu
1 x 8
4
x sin  tan x 
3 1 4
1
 dx    cos u   C
1 x 8
4
Substitute tan t  u ,
1
x 3 sin  tan 1 x 4 
dx   cos  tan 1 t   C
1

1 x 8
4
Substitute x  t ,
4
x 3 sin  tan 1 x 4 
dx   cos  tan 1 x 4   C
1

1 x 8
4
10x9  10x log e 10

37.  dx equals
x10  10x
(A) 10x  x10  C
(B) 10x  x10  C
(C)  10x  x10   C
1
(D) log  10x  x10   C

10x 9  10x log e 10
Ans: Given expression  dx .
x10  10x
Let x10  10x  t ,
10x 9  10x loge 10  dx  dt

10x 9  10x log e 10 dt
 dx  
x  10
10 x
t
10x  10 log e 10
9 x
 dx  log t  C
x10  10x
Substitute x10  10x  t ,
10x 9  10x log e 10
 dx  log 10x  x10   C
x  10
10 x
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
dx
38.  sin 2
cos 2 x
equals
(A) tanx  cot x  C
(B) tanx  cot x  C
(C) tanxcot x  C
(D) tanx  cot 2x  C
dx
Ans: Given expression  sin 2 x cos2 x .
dx
Let I  
sin 2 x cos 2 x
1
I 2 dx
sin x cos 2 x
We know that sin 2 x  cos 2 x  1 , we get
sin 2 x  cos2 x
I dx
sin 2 x cos 2 x
sin 2 x cos 2 x
I 2 dx   sin 2 x cos 2 x dx
sin x cos 2 x
1 1
I 2
dx   2 dx
cos x sin x
 I   sec xdx   cosec2 xdx
2
 I  tan x  cot x  C
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
Exercise 7.3
1. Solve the following: sin 2  2x  5  .

Ans: Given expression sin 2  2x  5  .

1  cos 2  2x  5
sin 2  2x  5 
2
1  cos  4x  10 
 sin 2  2x  5 
2
1  cos  4x  10 
  sin 2  2x  5 dx   dx
2
1 1
  sin 2  2x  5  dx  1dx   cos  4x  10  dx
2 2
1 1  sin  4x  10  
  sin 2  2x  5  dx  x   C
2 2 4 
1 1
  sin 2  2x  5  dx  x  sin  4x  10   C
2 8
2. Solve the following: sin3xcos4x .

Ans: Given expression sin3xcos4x .
Using the identity sin Acos B  sin  A  B   sin  A  B  given expression
1
2
can be written as
sin 3x cos 4x  sin  3x  4x   sin  3x  4x 
1
2
Integration of above expression is
  sin 3x cos 4xdx   sin 7x  sin   x  dx
1
2
1
  sin 3x cos 4xdx   sin 7x  sin x dx
2
1 1
  sin 3x cos 4xdx   sin 7xdx   sin xdx
2 2
1   cos7x  1
  sin 3x cos 4xdx       cos x   C
2 7  2
 cos7x cos x
  sin 3x cos 4xdx   C
14 2
3. Solve the following: cos2xcos4xcos6x .

Ans: Given expression cos2xcos4xcos6x .

Using the identity cos A cos B 
1
2
cos  A  B  cos  A  B given expression
can be written as
cos 2x  cos 4x cos6x   cos 2x
1
2
cos  4x  6x   cos  4x  6x 
Integration of the above expression is
1 
  cos 2x  cos 4x cos6x    cos 2x  cos10x  cos  2x  dx
2 
1 
  cos 2x  cos 4x cos6x     cos 2x cos10x  cos 2x cos  2x dx
2 
  cos 2x  cos 4x cos6x    cos 2x cos10x  cos 2 2xdx
1
2
Again applying the identity cos A cos B  cos  A  B   cos  A  B  , we get
1
2
 1 
 cos  2x  10x   cos  2x  10x  
1   2 

  cos 2x  cos 4x cos6x      dx
2    1  cos 4x  
  
  2  

1
  cos 2x  cos 4x cos6x    cos12x  cos8x  cos 4x dx
4
1  sin12x sin8x sin 4x 
  cos 2x cos 4x cos6x     C
4  12 8 4 
4. Solve the following: sin 3  2x  1 .

Ans: Given expression sin 3  2x  1 .
Let I   sin 3  2x  1 dx
 I   sin 2  2x  1 sin  2x  1 dx
 I   1  cos 2  2x  1  sin  2x  1 dx
Let cos  2x  1  t
2sin  2x  1 dx  dt
Integration becomes
 I    1  t 2  dt
1
2
1  t3 
 I   t  C
2 3
Substitute cos  2x  1  t ,
1 cos3  2x  1 
 I    cos  2x  1  C
2 3 
 cos  2x  1 cos3  2x  1
  sin  2x  1 dx 
3
 C
2 3
5. Solve the following: sin3 xcos 3 x .

Ans: Given expression sin 3 x cos3 x .
Let I   sin 3 x cos3 xdx
 I   sin 2 xsin x cos3 xdx
 I   cos3 x 1  cos2 x  sin xdx
Let cos x  t
 sindx  dt
Integration becomes
 I   t 3 1  t 2 dt
 I     t 3  t 5 dt
 t4 t6 
 I      C
4 6
Substitute cos x  t ,
 cos 4 x cos6 x 
 I    C
 4 6 
cos6 x cos 4 x
  sin x cos xdx 
3 3
 C
6 4
6. Solve the following: sinxsin2xsin3x .

Ans: Given expression sin xsin 2xsin3x .
1
Using the identity sin Asin B  cos  A  B   cos  A  B  , given expression can
2
be written as
1
 sin x sin 2x sin 3x  sin x. cos  2x  3x   cos  2x  3x 
2
  sin x sin 2x sin 3xdx    sin x cos  x   sin x cos  5x   dx
1
2

1
  sin x sin 2x sin 3xdx 
2
 sin x cos x  sin x cos5x  dx
1 sin 2x 1
  sin x sin 2x sin 3xdx   dx    sin x cos5x dx
2 2 2
1   cos 2x  1  1 
  sin x sin 2x sin 3xdx        sin  x  5x   sin  x  5x    dx
4 2  2 2 
 cos 2x 1
  sin x sin 2x sin 3xdx 
8 4
 
   sin 6x  sin  4x   dx
 cos 2x 1
  sin x sin 2x sin 3xdx     sin 6x  sin 4x  dx
8 4
 cos 2x 1   cos6x cos 4x 
  sin x sin 2x sin 3xdx     C
8 8 3 4 
1  cos6x cos 4x 
  sin x sin 2x sin 3xdx     cos 2x   C
8 3 4 
7. Solve the following: sin4xsin8x .

Ans: Given expression sin 4xsin8x .
1
Using the identity sin Asin B  cos  A  B   cos  A  B  , given expression can
2
be written as
1
 sin 4x sin8x  cos  4x  8x   cos  4x  8x 
2
  sin 4x sin8xdx    cos  4x   cos 12x   dx
1
2
1
  sin 4x sin8xdx    cos 4x  cos12x  dx
2
1  sin 4x sin12x 
  sin 4x sin8xdx    C
2 4 12 
1  cos x
1  cos x
1  cos x
1  cos x
x x
Using the identities 2sin 2  1  cos x and cos x  2cos 2  1 given expression
2 2
can be written as

x
1  cos x 2sin 2
  2
1  cos x 2cos 2 x
2
1  cos x x
  tan 2
1  cos x 2
1  cos x  x
 dx    tan 2  dx
1  cos x  2
1  cos x  x 
 dx   sec 2  1 dx
1  cos x  2 
 x 
 tan

1  cos x
dx   2  x  C

1  cos x 
1

 2 
1  cos x x
 dx  2 tan  x  C
1  cos x 2
cos x
1  cos x
cos x
1  cos x
x x x
Using the identity cos x  cos 2  sin 2 and cos x  2cos 2  1 given
2 2 2
expression can be written as
2 x 2 x
cos x cos  sin
  2 2
1  cos x 2cos 2
x
2
 2 x 
1 sin

cos x
 1  2

1  cos x 2  cos 2 x 
 2
cos x 1 x
  1  tan 2 
1  cos x 2  2

cos x 1  x
 dx   1  tan 2  dx
1  cos x 2  2
cos x 1  x 
 dx   1  sec 2  1 dx
1  cos x 2  2 
cos x 1  x
 dx    2  sec 2  dx
1  cos x 2  2
 x
1 tan

cos x
dx   2x  2C
1  cos x 2 1 

 2 
cos x x
 dx  x  tan  C
1  cos x 2
10. Solve the following: sin4 x .

Ans: Given expression sin 4 x .
Given expression can be written as sin 4 x  sin 2 x sin 2 x
 1  cos 2x  1  cos 2x 
 sin 4 x    
 2  2 
1
 sin 4 x  1  cos 2x 
2
4
 sin 4 x  1  cos 2 2x  2cos 2x 
1
4
1  1  cos 4x 
 sin 4 x  1   2cos 2x 
4 2 
1  1 cos 4x 
 sin 4 x  1    2cos 2x 
4 2 2 
1 3 1 
 sin 4 x    cos 4x  2cos 2x 
4 2 2 
1 3 1 
  sin 4 xdx     cos 4x  2cos 2x dx
4 2 2 
1 3 sin 4x 
  sin 4 xdx   x   sin 2x   C
4 2 8 
3x sin 4x 1
  sin 4 xdx    sin 2x  C
8 32 4

11. Solve the following: cos4 2x .
Ans: Given expression cos 4 2x .
cos 4 2x   cos 2 2x 
2
 1  cos 4x 
2
 cos 2x  
4

 2 
 cos 4 2x  1  cos 2 4x  2cos 4x 
1
4
1  1  cos8x 
 cos 4 2x  1   2cos 4x 
4 2 
1  1 cos8x 
 cos 4 2x  1    2cos 4x 
4 2 2 
1  3 cos8x 
 cos 4 2x     2cos 4x 
4 2 2 
 3 cos8x cos 4x 
  cos 4 2xdx       dx
8 8 2 
3 sin8x sin 4x
  cos 4 2xdx  x   C
8 64 8
sin 2 x
1  cos x
sin 2 x
1  cos x
x x x
By applying the identity sin x  2sin cos and cos x  2cos 2  1 , given
2 2 2
expression can be written as
2
 x x
 2sin cos 

sin 2 x 2 2

1  cos x 2cos 2
x
2
2 x 2 x
2
sin x 4sin cos
  2 2
1  cos x 2cos 2
x
2

sin 2 x x
  2sin 2
1  cos x 2
2
sin x
  1  cos x
1  cos x
sin 2 x
 dx  1dx   cos xdx
1  cos x
sin 2 x
 dx  x  sin x  C
1  cos x
cos 2x  cos 2
cos x  cos 
cos 2x  cos 2
cos x  cos 
CD CD
We can apply the identity cosC  cos D  2sin sin , we get
2 2
2x  2 2x  2
cos 2x  cos 2 2sin sin
  2 2
cos x  cos  x   x  
2sin sin
2 2
2 x   2 x  
cos 2x  cos 2 sin sin
  2 2
cos x  cos  x x
sin sin
2 2
cos 2x  cos 2 sin  x    sin  x   
 
sin sin
2 2
We can apply the identity sin 2x  2sin xcos x , we get
 x x   x x 
2sin cos 2sin cos
cos 2x  cos 2  2 2   2 2 
 
sin sin
2 2
cos 2x  cos 2 x x
  4cos cos
cos x  cos  2 2
cos 2x  cos 2  x  x  x   x 
  2 cos   cos 
cos x  cos   2 2 2 2 

cos 2x  cos 2
  2cos x  cos  
cos x  cos 
cos 2x  cos 2
 dx  2 cos x  cos  dx
cos x  cos 
cos 2x  cos 2
 dx  2sin x  x cos    C
cos x  cos 
cos x  sin x
1  sin 2x
cos x  sin x
1  sin 2x
We know that sin 2 x  cos 2 x  1 .
cos x  sin x cos x  sin x
  2 .
1  sin 2x sin x  cos 2 x  sin 2x
We can apply the identity sin 2x  2sin xcos x , we get
  2
1  sin 2x sin x  cos 2 x  2sin x cos x
 
1  sin 2x  sin x  cos x 
2
Let sin x  cos x  t

  cos x  sin x  dx  dt
 dx   2 dx
1  sin 2x  sin x  cos x 
cos x  sin x dt
 dx   2
1  sin 2x t
cos x  sin x
 dx   t 2dt
1  sin 2x
cos x  sin x
 dx   t 1  C
1  sin 2x
cos x  sin x 1
 dx    C
1  sin 2x t
Substitute sin x  cos x  t ,
cos x  sin x 1
 dx   C
1  sin 2x sin x  cos x

15. Solve the following: tan 3 2xsec2x .
Ans: Given expression tan 3 2x sec2x .
tan 3 2x sec2x  tan 2 2x tan 2x sec2x
 tan 3 2xsec2x   sec2 2x  1 tan 2xsec2x
 tan 3 2x sec2x  sec2 2x tan 2x sec2x  tan 2x sec2x
  tan 3 2xsec2xdx   sec2 2x tan 2xsec2xdx   tan 2xsec2xdx
sec 2x
  tan 3 2x sec 2xdx   sec 2 2x tan 2x sec 2xdx  C
2
Let sec2x  t
2sec2x tan 2xdx  dt
Above integral becomes
1 sec 2x
  tan 3 2x sec 2xdx   t 2dt  C
2 2
t 3 sec2x
  tan 3 2x sec2xdx   C
6 2
Substitute sec2x  t ,
 sec 2x  sec 2x
3
  tan 2x sec 2xdx 

3
 C
6 2
16. Solve the following: tan 4 x .

Ans: Given expression tan 4 x .
 tan 4 x  tan 2 x tan 2 x
 tan 4 x   sec2 x  1 tan 2 x
 tan 4 x  sec2 x tan 2 x  tan 2 x
 tan 4 x  sec2 x tan 2 x   sec2 x  1
 tan 4 x  sec2 x tan 2 x  sec2 x  1
  tan 4 xdx    sec2 x tan 2 x  sec2 x  1dx
  tan 4 xdx    sec2 x tan 2 x dx   sec2 xdx  1dx
  tan 4 xdx   sec2 x tan 2 xdx  tan x  x  C
Let tan x  t
sec2 xdx  dt

  tan 4 xdx   t 2dt  tan x  x  C
t3
  tan xdx   tan x  x  C
4
3
1
  tan 4 xdx  tan 3 x  tan x  x  C
3
sin 3 x  cos 3 x
sin 2 xcos 2 x
sin 3 x  cos3 x
sin 2 x cos 2 x
sin 3 x  cos3 x sin 3 x cos3 x
  
sin 2 x cos2 x sin 2 x cos2 x sin 2 x cos2 x
sin 3 x  cos3 x sin x cos x
  
sin 2 x cos 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x
sin 3 x  cos3 x
  tan xsec x  cot x cosecx
sin 2 x cos 2 x
sin 3 x  cos3 x
 dx   tan xsec xdx   cot x cosecx dx
sin 2 x cos 2 x
sin 3 x  cos3 x
 dx  sec x  cosecx  C
sin 2 x cos 2 x
cos 2x  2sin 2 x
cos 2 x
cos 2x  2sin 2 x
cos 2 x
By applying the identity cos 2x  1  2sin 2 x , we get
cos 2x  2sin 2 x cos 2x  1  cos 2x
 
cos 2 x cos 2 x
cos 2x  2sin 2 x 1
 2

cos x cos 2 x
cos 2x  2sin 2 x
 2
 sec2 x
cos x

cos 2x  2sin 2 x
 2
dx   sec2 xdx
cos x
cos 2x  2sin 2 x
 dx  tan x  C
cos 2 x
1
sin xcos 3 x
1
sin x cos3 x
We can apply the identity sin 2 x  cos 2 x  1 , we get
1 sin 2 x  cos 2 x
 
sin x cos3 x sin x cos3 x
1 sin 2 x cos 2 x
  
sin x cos3 x sin x cos3 x sin x cos 3 x
1 sin x 1
 3
 3

sin x cos x cos x sin x cos x
1 cos 2 x
  tan x sec x 
2
sin x cos3 x sin x cos x

cos 2 x
1 sec2 x
  tan x sec 2
x 
sin x cos3 x tan x
1 sec2 x
 dx   tan xsec xdx  
2
dx
sin x cos3 x tan x
Let tan x  t
sec2 xdx  dt
1 1
 3
dx   tdt   dt
sin x cos x t
2
1 t
 3
dx   log t  C
sin x cos x 2
1 1
 3
dx  tan 2 x  log tan x  C
sin x cos x 2
cos 2x
 cos x  sin x 
2

cos 2x
cos 2x cos 2x
 2 
 cos x  sin x  cos x  sin 2 x  2sin x cos x
2
We know that sin 2 x  cos 2 x  1 and 2sin xcos x  sin 2x , we get

cos 2x cos 2x
 2 
 cos x  sin x  1  sin 2x
cos 2x cos 2x
 2 dx   dx
 cos x  sin x  1  sin 2x
Let 1  sin 2x  t
2cos2xdx  dt
Integration becomes
cos 2x 1 1
 2 dx   t dt
 cos x  sin x  2
cos 2x 1
 2 dx  log t  C
Substitute 1  sin 2x  t
cos 2x 1
 2 dx  log 1  sin 2x  C
cos 2x 1
 2 dx  log  cos x  sin x   C
2
cos 2x
 2 dx  log  cos x  sin x   C
21. Solve the following: sin 1  cos x  .
Ans: Given expression sin 1  cos x  .
Let cos x  t
 sin x  1  t 2
  sin xdx  dt
dt
 dx  
sin x
dt
 dx  
1  t2
 dt 
  sin 1  cos x  dx   sin 1 t  2 
 1 t 
 sin 1 t 
  sin  cos x  dx    
1
2 
dt
 1  t 
Let sin t  u
1
1
 dt  du
1  t2
Integration becomes
  sin 1  cos x  dx   4du
u2
  sin  cos x  dx    C
1
2
Substitute sin t  u
1
 sin 1 t 
2
  sin  cos x  dx  
1
C
2
Substitute cos x  t
 
2
 sin 1
cos x 
  sin 1  cos x  dx      C ……..(1)
2

We know that sin 1 x  cos 1 x 
2
  
 sin 1  cos x    cos 1  cos x     x 
2 2 
Substitute in eq. (1), we get

2

  x 
  sin  cos x  dx    C
1 2
2
1  2

  sin 1  cos x  dx    x 2  x   C
2 2 
 x 1
2 2
  sin 1  cos x  dx     x  C
4 2 2
x x 2  2 
  sin 1  cos x  dx    C  
2 2  4
x x 2
  sin 1  cos x  dx    C1
2 2

1
cos  x  a  cos  x  b 
1
cos  x  a  cos  x  b 
1 1  sin  a  b  
   
cos  x  a  cos  x  b  sin  a  b   cos  x  a  cos  x  b  
1 1  sin  x  b    x  a   
   
cos  x  a  cos  x  b  sin  a  b   cos  x  a  cos  x  b  
1 1  sin  x  b  cos  x  a   cos  x  b  sin  x  a  
   
cos  x  a  cos  x  b  sin  a  b   cos  x  a  cos  x  b  
1 1
   tan  x  b   tan  x  b  
cos  x  a  cos  x  b  sin  a  b  
1 1
 dx    tan  x  b   tan  x  b   dx
1 1
 dx     log cos  x  b   log cos  x  a  
1 1  cos  x  a  
 dx    log C
cos  x  a  cos  x  b  sin  a  b   cos  x  b  
sin 2 x  cos 2 x
23. Solve the following:  dx is equal to
sin 2 xcos 2 x
(A) tanx  cot x  C
(B) tanx  cosecx C
(C)  tanx  cot x  C
(D) tanx  secx  C
sin 2 x  cos 2 x
sin 2 x cos 2 x
sin 2 x  cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x
 dx   2 dx   2 dx
sin 2 x cos 2 x sin x cos 2 x sin x cos 2 x
sin 2 x  cos 2 x
 2 2
dx   sec2 xdx   cosec2 xdx
sin x cos x

sin 2 x  cos 2 x
 dx  tan x  cot x  C
sin 2 x cos 2 x
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
ex 1  x 
24. Solve the following:  dx equals
cos 2  e x x 
(A)  cot  exx   C
(B) tan  xex   C
(C) tan  ex   C
(D) cot  ex   C
e x 1  x 
cos 2  e x x 
Let e x x  t
 ex .x  ex .1 dx  dt
 e x  x  1 dx  dt
e x 1  x  dt
 dx  
cos  e x 
2 x
cos 2 t
e x 1  x 
 dx   sec 2 tdt
cos  e x 
2 x
e x 1  x 
 dx  tan t  C
cos 2  e x x 
Substitute e x x  t ,
e x 1  x 
 dx  tan  e x x   C
cos  e x 
2 x
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
Exercise 7.4
3x 2
1. Solve the following: 6 .
x 1
3x 2
x 1
Let x 3  t
3x 2dx  dt
3x 2 dt
 6 dx   2
x 1 t 1
1
We know that   tan 1 x
1 x 2
2
3x
 6 dx  tan 1 t  C
x 1
Substitute x 3  t ,
3x 2
  6 dx  tan 1  x 3   C
x 1
1
1  4x 2
1
1  4x 2
Let 2x  t
2dx  dt
1 1 dt
 dx  
1  4x 2 2 1  t2
1
We know that  2 dt  log x  x 2  a 2
x a 2
1 1
 dx  log t  t 2  1  C
1  4x 2
2
Substitute 2x  t ,
1 1
 dx  log 2x  4x 2  1  C
1  4x 2
2
1
 2  x 1
2
1
2  x 1
2
Let 2  x  t
dx  dt

1 1
 dx    dt
2  x 1 t 1
2 2
1
   
2 2
We know that dt log x x a
x2  a 2
1
 dx   log t  t 2  1  C
2  x 1
2
Substitute 2  x  t ,
1
 dx   log  2  x   2  x 1  C
2
2  x 1
2
1 1
 dx  log C
2  x 1
2
2  x  x 2  4x  5
1
9  25x 2
1
9  25x 2
Let 5x  t
5dx  dt
1 1 1
 dx   dt
9  25x 2
5 9  t2
1 1 1
 dx   dt
9  25x 2
5 3 t
2 2
1 1 1  t 
 dx  sin    C
9  25x 2 5 3
1 1 1  5x 
 dx  sin    C
9  25x 2 5  3 
3x
1  2x 4
3x
Ans: given expression .
1  2x 4
Let 2x 2  t

 2 2dx  dt
3x 3 dt
 dx  
1  2x 4
2 2 1 t
2
3x 3
 dx  tan 1 t  C
1  2x 4
2 2
2

3x
1  2x 4
dx 
3
2 2
 
tan 1 2x 2  C
x2
1  x6
x2
1  x6
Let x 3  t
3x 2dx  dt
x2 1 dt
 dx  
1  x6 3 1 t2
x2 1 1 1 t 
 dx   log C
1 x 6
3 2 1  t 
Substitute x 3  t ,
x2 1 1 1  x3 
 dx   log C
1  x6 3 2 1  x3 
x1
x2  1
x 1
x2 1
x 1 x 1
  
x2 1 x2 1 x2 1
x 1 x 1
 2 dx   2 dx   2 dx
x 1 x 1 x 1

x 1 x
 dx   dx  log x  x 2  1  C
x 12
x 1
2
Let x  1  t
2
2xdx  dt
Integration becomes
x 1 1 dt
 2 dx    log x  x 2  1  C
x 1 2 t
x 1 1 12
 2 dx   t dt  log x  x 2  1  C
x 1 2
x 1 1  12 
 2 dx   2t   log x  x 2  1  C
x 1 2 
x 1
 2 dx  t  log x  x 2  1  C
x 1
Substitute x 2  1  t
x 1
 2 dx  x 2  1  log x  x 2  1  C
x 1
x2
x6  a6
x2
x6  a6
Let x 3  t
3x 2dx  dt
x2 1 dt
 6 dx  
x  a6 3 t 2   a 3 2
x2 1
 dx  log t  t 2  a 6  C
x a
6 6
3
Substitute x  t ,
3
x2 1
 6 dx  log x 3  x 6  a 6  C
x a 6
3
sec2 x
tan 2 x  4

sec2 x
tan 2 x  4
Let tan x  t
sec2 xdx  dt
sec 2 x dt
 dx  
tan 2 x  4 t 2  22
sec 2 x
 dx  log t  t 2  4  C
tan x  4
2
sec2 x
 dx  log tan x  tan 2 x  4  C
tan x  4
2
1
x 2  2x  2
1
x  2x  2
2

1 1

x 2  2x  2  x  1  1
2 2
Let x  1  t
dx  dt
1 1
 2 dx   2 dt
x  2x  2 t 1
1
 2 dx  log t  t 2  1  C
x  2x  2
Substitute x  1  t ,
1
 2 dx  log  x  1   x  1  1  C
2
x  2x  2
1
 2 dx  log  x  1  x 2  2x  2  C
x  2x  2
1
9x  6x  5
2

1
9x  6x  5
2

1 1

9x 2  6x  5  3x  1   2 
2 2
Let 3x  1  t
3dx  dt
1 1 1
 dx   dt
9x  6x  5
2
3 t 2
2 2
1 1  1 1  t  
 dx  tan     C
9x 2  6x  5 3  2  2 
Substitute 3x  1  t ,
1 1  1 1  3x  1  
 dx  tan    C
9x 2  6x  5 3  2  2 
1
7  6x  x 2
1
7  6x  x 2
1 1
 
7  6x  x 7   x 2  6x  9  9 
2
1 1
 
7  6x  x 2 16   x 2  6x  9 
1 1
 
7  6x  x 2 16   x  3
2
1 1
 
7  6x  x 2 42   x  3
2
Let x  3  t
dx  dt
1 1
 dx   2 dt
7  6x  x 2 4  t
2

1 1  t 
 dx  sin  C
7  6x  x 2 4
Substitute x  3  t ,
1  x 3
 dx  sin 1  C
7  6x  x 2
 4 
1
 x  1 x  2 
1
 x  1 x  2 
1 1
 
 x  1 x  2  x 2  3x  2
1 1
 
 x  1 x  2  x 2  3x 
9 9
 2
4 4
1 1
 
 x  1 x  2  
2
3 1
2
x    
 2 2
3
Let x  t
2
dx  dt
1 1
 dx   dx
 x  1 x  2  1
2
t2   
2
2
1 1
 dx  log t  t     C
2
 x  1 x  2  2
3
Substitute x  t,
2
1  3
 dx  log  x    x 2  3x  2  C
 x  1 x  2   2
1
8  3x  x 2

1
8  3x  x 2
1 1
 
8  3x  x 2  9 9
8   x 2  3x   
 4 4
1 1
 
8  3x  x 2  9 9
8   x 2  3x   
 4 4
1 1
 
8  3x  x 2 41  3
2
x  
4  2
3
Let x   t
2
dx  dt
1 1
 dx   dt
8  3x  x 2
 41 
2
  t
2

 2 
 
1  t 
 dx  sin 1
 C
8  3x  x 2  41 
 
 2 
3
Substitute x   t
2
 3
1  x  
 dx  sin 1
 2 C
8  3x  x 2  41 
 
 2 
1 1  2x  3 
 dx  sin  C
8  3x  x 2  41 
1
 x  a  x  b 

1
 x  a  x  b 
1 1
 
 x  a  x  b  x 2   a  b  x  ab
1 1
 
 x  a  x  b  a  b
2
a  b
2
x  a  b
2
x   ab
4 4
1 1
 
 x  a  x  b   a  b   a  b
2 2
 
4 
x
 4
1 1
 
 x  a  x  b   a  b   a  b 
2 2
x  4    2 
   
1 1
 dx   dx
 x  a  x  b   a  b   a  b 
2 2
x  4    2 
   
ab
Let x   t
 2 
dx  dt
1 1
 dx   dx
 x  a  x  b  ab
2
t2   
 2 
ab
2
1
 dx  log t  t    C
2
 x  a  x  b   2 
ab
Substitute x   t,
 2 
1 ab
 dx  log x     x  a  x  b  C
 x  a  x  b   2 

1
16.
 x  a  x  b 
Ans: (x  a)(x  b)  x 2  (a  b)x  ab
(a  b) 2 (a  b) 2
x  (a  b)x  ab  x  (a  b)x 
2 2
  ab
4 4
Simplifying,
2
  a  b   (a  b)
2
 x    
  2  4
1 1
 dx   dx
(x  a)(x  b) 2
  a  b   a  b 
2
x      
  2   2 
ab
Consider x     t  dx  dt
 2 
1 1
 dx   dt
ab
2 2
  a  b   a  b 
2
x       t2   
  2   2   2 
Using the logarithm formula of integration,
ab
2
 log t  t  
2
 C
 2 
Substitute the value of t,
  a  b 
 log  x      (x  a)(x  b)  C
  2 
4x  1
17.
2x 2  x  3
 2x 2  x  3  B
d
Ans: Consider 4x  1  A
dx
Simplifying,
 4x  1  A(4x  1)  B
 4x  1  4Ax  A  B
We obtain the below values by equating the coefficients of x and the constant
term on both sides.
4A  4  A 1
A  B 1 B  0

Consider 2x 2  x  3  t
 (4x  1)dx  dt
4x  1 1
 dx   t dt
2x 2  x  3
Using the power rule of integration,
2 t C
 2 2x 2  x  3  C
x2
18.
x2  1
 x  1  B
d 2
Ans: Consider x  2  A
dx
 x  2  A(2x)  B......1
term on both sides.
1
2A  1  A 
2
B2
From (1), we get
1
(x  2)  (2x)  2
2
1
x2 (2x)  2
2
 x2 1 dx   x 2  1 dx
1 2x 2
  2 dx   2 dx
2 x 1 x 1
1 2x
In  2 dx let x 2  1  t  2xdx  dt
2 x 1
1 2x 1 dt

2 x2 1
dx  
2 t
Integrating using the power rule
1
 [2 t ]
2
Simplifying,
 t

 x2 1
2 1
     1
2
Then, dx 2 dx 2log x x
x2 1 x2 1
From equation (2), we get
x2
 x 2  1dx  x  1  2log x  x  1  C
2 2
5x  2
19.
1  2x  3x 2
Ans:
Let 5x  2  A 1  2x  3x 2   B
d
dx
 5 x  2  A  2  6 x   B......1
We obtain the below values by equating the coefficients of x and
the constant term on both sides.
5
5  6A  A 
6
11
2A  B  2  B  
3
Substitute the above values in (1)
5  11 
 5x  2  (2  6x)    
6  3
5 11
(2  6x) 
5x  2
 dx   6 3 dx
1  2x  3x 2
1  2x  3x 2
5 2  6x 11 1
  dx   dx
6 1  2x  3x 2
3 1  2x  3x 2
2  6x 1
Consider I1   dx and I 2   dx
1  2x  3x 2
1  2x  3x 2
5x  2 5 11
 dx  I1  I2 ...1
1  2x  3x 2
6 3
2  6x
I1   dx
1  2x  3x 2
Put 1  2x  3x 2  t
 (2  6x)dx  dt
dt
 I1  
t

I1  log | t |
I1  log 1  2x  3x 2 ... 2 
Then,
1
I2   dx
1  2x  3x 2
 2 
1  2x  3x 2 can be rewritten as 1  3  x 2  x 
 3 
Thus,
 2 
1  3 x 2  x 
 3 
By completing square method,
 2 1 1
 1  3 x 2  x   
 3 9 9
2
 1 1
 1  3 x   
 3 3
Simplifying,
2
2  1
  3 x  
3  3
 1  2
2
 3  x    
 3 9
 1  2  
2 2
 3  x      
  3   3  
Therefore I2 can be rewritten as ,
1 1
I2   dx
3  1  2 
2 2

 x     
3  3  

1 3  3x  1  
  tan 1  
3 2  2 
Simplifying,
1  3x  1 
 tan 1   ... 3
2  2 

We obtain the below values by substituting equations (2) and (3) in equation (1)
5x  2 5 11  1 1  3x  1  
 1  2x  3x 2 dx  6 log 1  2x  3x   3  2 tan  2    C
2
  
Simplifying,
5 11  3x  1 
 log 1  2x  3x 2  tan 1  C
6 3 2  2 
6x  7
20.
 x  5  x  4 
 x  9x  20   B
d 2
Ans: Consider 6x  7  A
dx
Differentiating,
 6 x  7  A  2 x  9  B
term on both sides.
2A  6  A  3
9 A  B  7  B  34
 6x  7  3(2x  9)  34
6x  7 3(2x  9)  34
 x 2  9x  20   x 2  9x  20 dx
2x  9 1
 3 2 dx  34 2 dx
x  9x  20 x  9x  20
2x  9 1
Consider I1   2 dx and I 2   2 dx
x  9x  20 x  9x  20
6x  7
 2  3I1  34I 2 ....(1)
x  9x  20
2x  9
I1   2 dx
x  9x  20
Put x 2  9x  20  t
 (2x  9)dx  dt
dt
 I1  
t
I1  2 t
I1  2 x 2  9x  20 .....(2)
1
I2   dx
x  9x  20
2
Consider
x 2  9x  20
By completing square methods,
81 81
 x 2  9x  20  
4 4
2
 9 1
x   
 2 4
2 2
 9 1
x    
 2 2
1
 I2   2 2 dx
 9 1
x    
 2  2
 9
I2  log  x    x 2  9x  20 ..... 3
 2
We obtain the below values by substituting equations (2) and (3) in (1),
6x  7  9 
 x 2  9x  20 dx  3 2 x  9x  20   34log  x  2   x  9x  20   C
2 2
 
Simplifying,
 9 
 6 x 2  9x  20  34log  x    x 2  9x  20   C
 2 
x2
21.
4x  x 2
 4x  x 2   B
d
Ans: Consider, x  2  A
dx
 x  2  A(4  2x)  B
We obtain the below values by equating the coefficients of x and the
constant term on both sides.
1
2A  1  A  
2
4A  B  2  B  4
1
 (x  2)   (4  2x)  4
2

1
x2  (4  2x)  4
 dx   2 dx
4x  x 2 4x  x 2
1 4  2x 1
  dx  4  dx
2 4x  x 2 4x  x 2
4  2x 1
Let I1   dx and I 2  dx
4x  x 2
4x  x 2
x2 1
 dx   I1 and  4I 2 ....1
4x  x 2 2
4  2x
Then, I1   dx
4x  x 2
Let 4x  x 2  t
 (4  2x)dx  dt
dt
 I1    2 t  2 4x  x 2 ... 2 
t
(Using the logarithm formula of integration,)
1
I2   dx
4x  x 2
Integrating using the power rule,
 4x  x 2    4x  x 2 
  4x  x 2  4  4 
 4  (x  2) 2
 (2) 2  (x  2) 2
1 1  x  2 
 I2   dx  sin   ... 3
(2)  (x  2)
2 2
 2 
Using equations (2) and (3) in (1), to obtain
x2 1
  1  x  2 
 4x  x 2 dx   2 2 4x  x  4sin  2   C
2
x2
  4x  x 2  4sin 1  C
 2 
x2
22.
x 2  2x  3
Ans:

x2 1 2(x  2)
 x  2x  3
2
dx  
2 x 2  2x  3
dx
Simplifying,
1 2x  4
  2 dx
2 x  2x  3
1 2x  2 1 2
  2 dx   2 dx
2 x  2x  3 2 x  2x  3
1 2x  2 1
  2 dx   2 dx
2 x  2x  3 x  2x  3
2x  2 1
Let I1   2 dx and I 2   2 dx
x  2x  3 x  2x  3
x2 1
 2 dx  I1  I 2 ....1
x  2x  3 2
2x  2
Then, I1   2 dx
x  2x  3
Put, x 2  2x  3  t
Integrating using the power rule,
 (2x  2)dx  dt
dt
I1    2 t  2 x 2  2x  3.. 2 
t
1
I2   2 dx.
x  2x  3
 x 2  2x  3  x 2  2x  1  2  (x  1) 2  ( 2) 2
1
 I2   dx  log (x  1)  x 2  2x  3 ... 3
(x  1)  ( 2)
2 2
Using equations (2) and (3) in (1), to obtain
x2
 dx  x 2  2x  3  log (x  1)  x 2  2x  3  C
x 2  2x  3
x3
23.
x 2  2x  5
Ans:
 x  2x  5  B
d 2
Consider (x  3)  A
dx
x2
 (log x) 2   x log xdx
2
term on both sides.
1
2A  1  A 
2
2A  B  3  B  4
1
 (x  3)  (2x  2)  4
2
1
x3 (2x  2)  4
 2 2
dx   2 dx
x  2x  5 x  2x  5
1 2x  2 1
  2 dx  4 2 dx
2 x  2x  5 x  2x  5
2x  2 1
Consider I1   2 dx and I2   2 dx
x  2x  5 x  2x  5
x 3 1
 2 dx  I1  4I2 ...1
x  2x  5 2
2x  2
x  2x  5
Put x 2  2x  5  t
 (2x  2)dx  dt
dt
 I1    log | t | log x 2  2x  5 .... 2 
t
1
I2   2 dx
x  2x  5
1
 2 dx
 x  2x  1  6
1
 dx
(x  1) 2  ( 6) 2
1  x 1 6 
 log   .... 3
2 6  x  1  6 
We obtain the below values by substituting (2) and (3) in (1),
x 3 1 4 x 1  6
 x 2  2x  5dx  2 log x  2x  5  2 6 log x  1  6  C
2

1 2 x 1  6
 log x 2  2x  5  log C
2 6 x 1  6
5x  3
24.
x 2  4x  10
Ans:
5x  3  A  x 2  4x  10   B
a
dx
 5x  3  A(2x  4)  B
Equating the coefficients of x and constant term, we get
5
2A  5  A 
2
4A  B  3  B  7
5
 5x  3  (2x  4)  7
2
5
5x  3 (2x  4)  7
 2 dx   22 dx
x  4x  10 x  4x  10
5 2x  4 1
  2 dx  7  2 dx
2 x  4x  10 x  4x  10
2x  4 1
Let I1   2 dx and I 2   2 dx
x  4x  10 x  4x  10
5x  3 5
 2 dx  I1  7I 2 ....1
x  4x  10 2
2x  4
x  4x  10
Consider x 2  4x  10  t  (2x  4)dx  dt
dt
 I1    2 t  2 x 2  4x  10 ...... 2 
t
1
I2   2 dx
x  4x  10
1 1
 dx   dx
 x 2
 4x  4   6 (x  2) 2
 ( 6) 2
 log (x  2) x 2  4x  10 ...  3 

We obtain the below values by using equations (2) and (3) in (1).
5x  3 5
 x 2  4x  10 dx  2  2 x  4x  10   7log (x  2) x  4x  10  C
2 2
 5 x 2  4x  10  7log (x  2) x 2  4x  10  C
dx
25. x2  2x  2 equals
a) xtan 1  x  1  C
b) tan1  x  1  C
c)  x  1 tan 1
xC
d) tan x  C1
Ans:
dx dx
 x 2  2x  2    x 2  2x  1  1
1
 dx
(x  1) 2  (1) 2
  tan 1 (x  1)   C
Hence, the right response is is B.
dx
26.  equals
9x  4x 2
1 1  9x  8 
a) sin  C
9  8 
1  8x  9 
b) sin 1  C
2  9 
1 1  9x  8 
c) sin  C
3  8 
1  9x  8 
d) sin 1  C
2  9 
Ans:
dx
 9x  4x 2
1
 dx
 9 
4  x 2  x 
 4 

1
 dx
 2 9 81 81 
4  x  x   
 4 64 64 
1
 dx
 2
9 9
2

4  x      
 8 8 
1 1
  2 2 dx
2 9  9
  x  
8  8
  9 

8    C  
x
1  dy 1 y
  a 2  y2
 sin 1    
9 
sin C
2 a 
    
  8 
Simplifying,
1  8x  9 
 sin 1  C
2  9 
Hence, the right response is B.
Exercise 7.5
x
1.
 x  1 x  2 
Ans:
x A B
Let  
(x  1)(x  2) (x  1) (x  2)
 x  A(x  2)  B(x  1)
term on both sides.
A  B 1
2A  B  0
On solving, we get
A  1 and B  2
x 1 2
  
(x  1)(x  2) (x  1) (x  2)
x 1 2
 dx    dx
(x  1)(x  2) (x  1) (x  2)
  log | x  1| 2log | x  2 | C
 log(x  2) 2  log | x  1| C
Simplifying,
(x  2) 2
 log C
(x  1)
1
2.
x 9
2
Ans:
1 A B
Let  
(x  3)(x  3) (x  3) (x  3)
1  A  x  3  B  x  3
Equating the coefficients of x and constant term, we get
AB0
1  3A  3B
1 1
A   and B 
6 6
1 1 1
  
(x  3)(x  3) 6(x  3) 6(x  3)
1  1 1 

 x 2  9    6(x  3) 6(x  3) 
dx   dx

1 1 1 | (x  3) |
  log | x  3 |  log | x  3 | C  log C
6 6 6 | (x  3) |
3x  1
3.
 x  1 x  2  x  3 
Ans:
3x  1 A B C
Let   
(x  1)(x  2)(x  3) (x  1) (x  2) (x  3)
3x  1  A(x  2)(x  3)  B(x  1)(x  3)  C(x  1)(x  2) 1
We obtain the below values by equating the coefficients of x , x 2 and the constant
term on both sides.
A BC  0
5 A  4 B  3C  3
6 A  3 B  2C  1

Solving these equations, to obtain
A  1, B  5, and C  4
3x  1 1 5 4
   
(x  1)(x  2)(x  3) (x  1) (x  2) (x  3)
3x  1  1 5 4 
 dx      dx
(x  1)(x  2)(x  3)  (x  1) (x  2) (x  3) 
 log | x  1| 5log | x  2 | 4log | x  3| C
x
4.
 x  1 x  2  x  3 
Ans:
x A B C
Let   
(x  1)(x  2)(x  3) (x  1) (x  2) (x  3)
x  A  x  2  x  3  B  x  1 x  3  C  x  1 x  2 
term on both sides.
A BC  0
5 A  4 B  3 C  1
6 A 4 B 2 C 0
Solving these equations, to obtain
1 3
A  ,B  2 and C 
2 2
x 1 2 3
   
(x  1)(x  2)(x  3) 2(x  1) (x  2) 2(x  3)
x  1 2 3 
 dx      dx
(x  1)(x  2)(x  3)  2(x  1) (x  2) 2(x  3) 
1 3
 log | x  1| 2log | x  2 |  log | x  3 | C
2 2
2x
5.
x  3x  2
2
Ans:
2x A B
 
x  3x  2 (x  1) (x  2)
2
2 x  A  x  2   B  x  1

term on both sides.
AB2
2 AB0
Solving these equations, we get
A  2 and B  4
2x 2 4
  
(x  1)(x  2) (x  1) (x  2)
2x  4 2 
 dx     dx
(x  1)(x  2)  (x  2) (x  1) 
 4log | x  2 | 2log | x  1| C
1  x2
6.
x  1  2x 
Ans:
It can be seen that the given integrand is not a proper fraction.
Therefore, on dividing 1  x 2  by x(1  2x) to obtain,
1  x2 1 1 2x 
   
x(1  2x) 2 2  x(1  2x) 
2x A B
Let   ...1
x(1  2x) x (1  2x)
 (2  x)  A(1  2x)  Bx
term on both sides.
2 A  B  1 and, A  2
Solving these equations, to obtain A  2 and B  3
2x 2 3
  
x(1  2x) x 1  2x
Substituting in equation (1), we get
1  x2 1 1 2 3 
    
x(1  2) 2 2  x (1  2x) 
1  x2 1 1 2 3
 dx    (  )dx
x(1  2) 2 2 x (1  2x)
Using the power rule and logarithm formula of integration,

x 3 x 3
  log | x |  log |1  2x | C   log | x |  log |1  2x | C
2 2(2) 2 4
x
7.
 x 2  1  x  1
x Ax  B C
Ans: Let  2  ...1
 x  1 (x  1)  x  1 (x  1)
2
x  (Ax  B)(x  1)  C  x 2  1
x  Ax 2  Ax  Bx  B  Cx 2  C
term on both sides.
AC0
A  B  1
B  C  0
1 1 1
On solving these equations, to obtain A   ,B  ,and C 
2 2 2
From equation (1), to obtain
 1 1 1
  x 
 2
x 2 2
 2  2
 x  1 (x  1) x 1 (x  1)
x 1 x 1 1 1 1
    2 dx   2 dx   dx
 x  1 (x  1) 2 x  1 2 x  1 2 x  1
2
1 2x 1 1
   2 dx  tan 1 x  log | x  1| C
4 x 1 2 2
Consider  2 dx,lel  x 2  1  t  2xdx  dt
2x
x 1
2x dt
  2 dx    log | t | log x 2  1
x 1 t
x 1 1 1
 2   log x 2  1  tan 1 x  log | x  1| C
 x  1 (x  1) 4 2 2
1 1 1
 log | x  1|  log x 2  1  tan 1 x  C
2 4 2
x
8.
 x  1  x  2 
2

Ans:
x
(x  1) (x  2)
2
x A B C
Let   
(x  1) 2 (x  2) (x  1) (x  1) 2 (x  2)
x  A(x  1)(x  2)  B(x  2)  C(x  1) 2
term on both sides.
AC0
A  B  2 C 1
On solving, to obtain
2 2
A  and C 
9 9
1
B
3
x 2 1 2
   
(x  1) (x  2) 9(x  1) 3(x  1) 9(x∣ 2)
2 2
x 2 1 1 1 2 1
 dx   dx   dx   dx
(x  1) 2 (x  2) 9 (x  1) 3 (x  1) 2 9 (x  2)
2 1  1  2
 log | x  1|     log | x  2 | C
9 3  x 1 9
Simplifying,
2 x 1 1
 log  C
9 x  2 3(x  1)
3x  5
9.
x3  x2  x  1
Ans:
3x  5 3x  5

x  x  x  1 (x  1) 2 (x  1)
3 2
3x  5 A B C
let   
(x  1) (x  1) (x  1) (x  1) (x  1)
2 2
3x  5  A(x  1)(x  1)  B(x  1)  (x  1) 2

3x  5  A(x  1)2  B(x  1)  C  x 2  1  2x  (1)
We obtain the below values by equating the coefficients of x , x 2 and

the constant term on both sides.
AC0
B2 C 3
A  B  C  5
1 1
On solving, to obtain B  4 A   and C 
2 2
3x  5 1 4 1
   
(x  1) (x  1) 2(x  1) (x  1) 2(x  1)
2 2
3x  5 1 1 1 1 1
 dx    dx  4  dx   dx
(x  1) 2 (x  1) 2 x 1 (x  1) 2 2 (x  1)
1  1  1
  log | x  1| 4    log | x  1| C
2  x 1 2
1 x 1 4
 log  C
2 x  1 (x  1)
2x  3
10.
 x2  1  2x  3 
Ans:
2x  3 2x  3

 x  1 (2x  3) (x  1)(x  1)(2x  3)
2
2x  3 A B C
Let   
(x  1)(x  1)(2x  3) (x  1) (x  1) (2x  3)
 (2x  3)  A(x  1)(2x  3)  B(x  1)(2x  3)  C(x  1)(x  1)
 (2x  3)  A  2x 2  x  3  B  2x 2  5x  3  C  x 2  1
 (2x  3)  (2A  2B  C)x 2  (A  5B)x  ( 3A  3B  C)
term on both sides.
2A  2B  C  0
A  5B  2
3 A  3 B  C  3
1 5 24
On solving, to obtain B   ,A  , and C  
10 2 5
2x  3 5 1 24
   
(x  1)(x  1)(2x  3) 2(x  1) 10(x  1) 5(2x  3)

2x  3 5 1 1 1 24 1
 dx   dx   dx   dx
 x  1 (2x  3) 2 (x  1) 10 x  1 5 (2x  3)
2

5 1 24
 log | x  1|  log | x  1|  log | 2x  3|
2 10 5 2
Simplifying,
5 1 12
 log | x  1|  log | x  1|  log | 2x  3 | C
2 10 5
5x
11.
 x  1  x 2  4 
Ans:
5x 5x

(x  1)  x 2  4  (x  1)(x  2)(x  2)
5x A B C
let   
(x  1)(x  2)(x  2) (x  1) (x  2) (x  2)
5 x  A  x  2  x  2   B  x  1 x  2   C  x  1 x  2 
term on both sides.
A BC  0
B  3C  5 and,  4A  2B  2C  0
5 5 5
A  ,B   , and C 
3 2 6
5x 5 5 5
   
(x  1)(x  2)(x  2) 3(x  1) 2(x  2) 6(x  2)
5x 5 1 5 1 5 1
 dx   dx   dx   dx
(x  1)  x 2  4  3 (x  1) 2 (x  2) 6 (x  2)
5 5 5
 log | x  1|  log | x  2 |  log | x  2 | C
3 2 6
x2  x  1
12.
x2  1
Ans:
On dividing  x 3  x  1 by x 2  1, we get

x3  x  1 2x  1
x 2
x 1
2
x 1
2x  1 A B
Let 2  
x  1 (x  1) (x  1)
2 x  1  A  x  1  B  x  1
term on both sides.
AB2
A  B  1
1 3
A  and B 
2 2
x  x 1
3
1 3
 2 x 
x 1 2(x  1) 2(x  1)
x  x 1
3
1 1 3 1
 dx   xdx   dx   dx
x2  1 2 (x  1) 2 (x  1)
x2 3
  log | x  1|  log | x  1| C
2 2
2
13.
1  x  1  x2 
Ans:
2 A Bx  C
Let  
(1  x) 1  x 2  (1  x) 1  x 2 
2  A 1  x 2   (Bx  C)(1  x)
2  A  Ax 2  Bx  Bx 2  C  Cx
We obtain the below values by equating the coefficients of x x 2 and the constant
term on both sides.
AB0
BC 0
AC2
On solving these equations, to obtain
A  1,B  1, and C  1
2 1 x 1
  
(1  x) 1  x  1  x 1  x 2
2
2 1 x 1
 dx   dx   dx   dx
(1  x) 1  x 
2
1 x 1 x 2
1  x2

1 1 2x 1
  dx   dx   dx
1 x 2 1 x 2
1  x2
1
  log | x  1|  log 1  x 2  tan 1 x  C
2
3x  1
14.
 x  2
2
Ans:
3x  1 A B
Let  
(x  2) (x  2) (x  2) 2
2
 3x  1  A(x  2)  B
term on both sides.
A3
2A  B  1  B  7
3x  1 3 7
  
(x  2) 2 (x  2) (x  2) 2
3x  1 1 x
 dx  3 dx  7  dx
(x  2) 2
(x  2) (x  2) 2
Using the power rule and logarithm formula of integration
 1 
 3log | x  2 | 7  C
 (x  2) 
7
 3log | x  2 |  C
(x  2)
1
15.
x 1
4
Ans:
1 1 1
 2 
 x  1  x  1 x  1 (x  1)(x  1) 1  x 2 
4 2
1 A B Cx  D
Let    2
(x  1)(x  1) 1  x  (x  1) (x  1)  x  1
2
1  A(x  1) 1  x 2   B(x  1) 1  x 2   (Cx  D)  x 2  1

1  A  x 3  x  x 2  1  B  x 3  x  x 2  1  Cx 3  Dx 2  Cx  D
1  (A  B  C)x 3  (A  B  D)x 2  (A  B  C)x  (A  B  D)

We obtain the below values by equating the coefficients of x 3 , x 2 , x, and constant
term, we get
A BC  0
A  B  D  0
A BC  0
A  B  D  1
1 1 1
A   ,B  ,C  0, and D  
4 4 2
1 1 1 1
 4   
 x  1 4(x  1) 4(x  1) 2  x 2  1
1 1 1 1 1
 dx   log | x  1|  log | x  1|  tan x  C
x4 1 4 4 2
Simplifying,
1 x 1 1 1
 log  tan x  C
4 x 1 2
1
16. [hint: multiply numerator and denominator by x n 1 and put
x  x  1
n
xn  t ]
1
Ans:
x  x n  1
Numerator and denominator are multiplied by x n 1 , to obtain
1 x n 1 x n 1
 
x  x n  1 x n 1x  x n  1 x n  x n  1
Consider x n  t  x n 1dx  dt
1 x n 1 1 1
 dx   n n dx   dt
x  x  1
n
x  x  1 n t(t  1)
1 A B
Let  
t(t  1) t (t  1)
1  A 1  t   B t
We obtain the below values by equating the coefficients of t and constant,
A  1 and B  1
1 1 1
  
t(t  1) t (1  t)
1 1 1 1 
 dx     dx
x  x n  1 n  t (1  t) 

1
 [log | t |  log | t  1|]  C
n
1
  log x n  log x n  1   C
n
Simplifying,
1 xu
 log  C
n x 1
cos x
17. [hint: Put sinx  t ]
 1  sin x  2  sin x 
Ans:
cos x
Put,sin x  t  cos xdx  dt
(1  sin x)(2  sin x)
cos x dt
 dx  
(1  sin x)(2  sin x) (1  t)(2  t)
1 A B
let  
(1  t)(2  t) (1  t) (2  t)
1  A  2  t   B 1  t 
2 A  B  0 ,and 2 A  B  1
A  1 and B  1
1 1 1
  
(1  t)(2  t) (1  t) (2  t)
cos x  1 1 
 dx     dt   log |1  t |  log | 2  t | C
(1  sin x)(2  sin x) 1  t (2  t) 
Simplifying,
2t
 log C
1 t
2  sin x
 log C
1  sin x
18.
x 2
 1 x 2  2 
x 2
 3  x 2  4 
Ans:
x 2
 1 x 2  2 

 4x 2
 10 
x 2
 3 x 2  4  x 2
 3 x 2  4 
Let
 4x 2
 10 

Ax  B Cx  D

x 2
 3 x  4 
2
 x 2  3  x 2  4 
4x 2  10  (Ax  B)  x 2  4   (Cx  D)  x 2  3
4x 2  10  Ax 2  4Ax  Bx 2  4B  Cx 3  3Cx  Dx 2  3D
4x 2  10  (A  C)x 3  (B  D)x 2  (4A  3C)x  (4B  3D)
We obtain the below values by equating the coefficients of x 3 , x 2 , x and constant
term,
AC0
BD  4
4 A3 C0
4 B  3 D  10
On solving these equations, to obtain A  0.B  2.C  0,and D  6

 4x 2
 10 

2
 2
6
x 2
 3 x  4 2
 x  3  x  4 
2
x 2
 1 x 2  2 

 2

6 
 
x 2
 3 x 2  4    x 2  3  x 2  4  
 2
 x 2  1 x 2  2   2 6 
 x  3 x 2  4     x 2  3  x 2  4  
dx  1   dx
 2 6 
  1  2  2 
 x  ( 3) x  2 
2 2
 1 x   1 1 x 
 x  2 tan 1   6  tan 2   C
 3 3 2 
Simplifying,
2 x x
x tan 1  3tan 1  C
3 3 2
2x
19.
 x  1 x2  3
2
Ans:
2x
 x 2  1 x 2  3

Put x 2  t  2xdx  dt
2x dt
 2 dx  
 x  1 x  3
2
(t  1)(t  3)
1 A B
Let  
(t  1)(t  3) (t  1) (t  3)
I  A  t  3  B  t  1
We obtain the below values by equating the coefficients of t and
constant,
1  B  0 and 3A  B  1
On solving, we get
1 1
A  and B  
2 2
1 1 1
  
(t  1)(t  3) 2(t  1) 2(t  3)
2x  1 1 
 dx     dt
 x 2  1 x 2  3  2(t  1) 2(t  3) 
1 1
 log | (t  1) |  log | t  3 | C
2 2
Simplifying,
1 t 1 1 x2 1
 log  C  log 2 C
2 t 3 2 x 3
1
20.
x  x  1
4
Ans:
1
x  x 4  1
Numerator and denominator are multiplied by by x 3 , we get
1 x3

x  x 4  1 x 4  x 4  1
1 x3
 dx   4 4 dx
x  x 4  1 x  x  1
Consider x 4  t  4x 3dx  dt
1 1 dt
 dx  
x  x 4  1 4 t(t  1)

1 A B
Let  
t(t  1) t (t  1)
1  A(t  1)  Bt (1)
A  1 and B  1
1 1 1
  
t(t  1) t t  1
1 1  1 1 
 dx     dt
x  x 4  1 4  t t  1
1
 [ log | t |  log | t  1|]  C
4
Simplifying,
1 t 1 1 x4 1
 log  C  log C
4 t 4 x4
1
21. [hint: put ex  t ]
e 1
x
Ans:
1
 e  1
x
Put e x  t  e x dx  dt
1 1 dt 1
 x dx     dt
 
e  1 t  1 t t(t  1)
1 A B
Let  
t(t  1) t t  1
1  A  t  1  B t
A  1 and B  1
1 1 1
  
t(t  1) t t  1
1 t 1
 dt  log C
t(t  1) t
ex  1
 log x  C
e

xdx
22.   x  1 x  2  equals
 x  1
2
a) log C
x2
 x  2
2
b) log C
x1
 x1
2
c) log   C
 x2
d) log  x  1 x  2   C
Ans:
x A B
Let  
(x  1)(x  2) (x  1) (x  2)
x  A  x  2   B  x  1
We obtain the below values by equating the coefficients of x and constant,
A  1 and B  2
x 1 2
  
(x  1)(x  2) (x1) (x  2)
x  1 2 
 dx     dx
(x  1)(x  2)  (x  1) (x  2) 
  log | x  1| 2log | x  2 | C
Simplifying,
(x  2) 2
 log C
x 1
Thus, the right response is B.
dx
23.  x x
2
 1
equals
a. log x  log  x 2  1  C
1
2
b. log x  log  x 2  1  C
1
2

c.  log x  log  x 2  1  C
1
2
log x  log  x 2  1  C
1
d.
2
Ans:
1 A Bx  C
Let  ,
x  x 2  1 x x 2  1
1  A  x 2  1  (Bx  C)x
We obtain the below values by equating the coefficients of x 2 , x, and constant
term,
A  B  0, C  0 A 1
On solving these equations, to obtain
A  1,B  1, and C  0
1 1 x
   2
x  x ,1 x x  1
2
1 1 x 
 dx     2 dx
x  x  1
2
 x x  1
1
 log | x |  log x 2  1  C
2
Thus, the right response is A.
Exercise 7.6
1. xsinx
Ans:
Let I   xsin xdx
Consider u  x and v  sin x and integrating by parts, to obtain
 d  
I   x sin xdx    x   sinxdx dx
 dx  
 x( cos x)  1.( cos x)dx
 xcos x  sin x  C
2. xsin3x
Ans:
Let I   xsin3xdx
Consider u  x and v  sin3x and integrating by parts, to obtain

 d  
I  x  sin3xdx    x   sin3xdx 
 dx  
  cos3x    cos3x 
 x   1    dx
 3   3 
 x cos3x 1  x cos3x 1
   cos3xdx   sin 3x  C
3 3 3 9
3. x 2ex
Ans:
Let I   x 2e x dx
Consider u  x 2 and v  e x
 d  
I  x 2  e x dx    x 2   e x dx dx
 dx  
 x e   2x  e dx
2 x x
 x 2ex  2 x  ex dx
Again using integration by parts, to obtain
  d   
 x 2e x  2  x   e x dx    x 2   e x dx dx 
  dx   
 x 2e x  2  xe x   e x dx 
Simplifying,
 x 2ex  2  xe x  e x 
 x 2e x  2xe x  2e x  C
 ex  x 2  2x  2   C
4. xlog x
Ans:
Let I   x log xdx
Consider u  log x and v  x and integrating by parts, to obtain
 d  
I  log x  xdx    log x   xdx dx
 dx  
2 2
x 1 x
 log x     dx
2 x 2
2
x log x x x 2 log x x 2
  dx   C
2 2 2 4
5. xlog 2x
Ans:
Let I   x log 2xdx
Consider u  log 2x and v  x and integrating by parts, to obtain
 d  
I  log 2x  xdx    2log x   xdx dx
 dx  
2 2
x 2 x
 log 2x     dx
2 2x 2
2
x log 2x x
   dx
2 2
x 2 log 2x x 2
  C
2 4
6. x 2 log x
Ans:
Let I   x 2 log xdx
Consider u  log x and v  x 2 and integrating by parts, to obtain
 d  
I  log x  x 2dx    log x   x 2dx dx
 dx  
x 
3
1 x 3
 log x      dx
 3 x 3
x 3 log x x2 x 3 log x x 3
   dx   C
3 3 3 9
7. xsin 1 x
Ans:
Let I   xsin 1 xdx
Consider u  sin 1 x and v  x and integrating by parts, to obtain
 d  
I  sin 1 x  xdx   sin 1 x   xdx dx
 dx  
x 2
1 x 2
 sin 1 x      dx
 2 1 x 2
2

x 2 sin 1 x 1  x 2
   dx
2 2 1  x2
Adding and subtracting by 1
x 2 sin 1 x 1  1  x 2 1 
    dx
2 2  1  x2 1  x2 
Simplifying,
x 2 sin 1 x 1  1 
    1  x2  dx
2 2  1 x 
2
x sin x 1 
2 1
1 
    1  x 2 dx   dx 
2 2 1 x 2

1
x sin x 1  x
2
1 
   1  x 2  sin 1 x  sin 1 x   C
2 2 2 2 
Simplifying,
x 2 sin 1 x x
1  x 2  sin 1 x  sin 1 x  C   2x 2  1 in 1 x 
1 1 1 x
  1 x2
2 4 4 2 4 4
C
8. xtan 1 x
Ans:
Let I   x tan 1 xdx
Consider u  tan 1 x and v  x and integrating by parts, to obtain
 d  
I  tan 1 x  xdx    tan 1 x   xdx dx
 dx  
 x2  1 x2 x 2 tan 1 x 1 x 2
 tan 1 x     dx    dx
 
2 1  x 2
2 2 2 1  x 2
Adding and subtracting by -1
x 2 tan 1 x 1  x 2  1 1  x 2 tan 1 x 1  1 
        dx
2  1  x 2 1  x 2 
dx 1
2 2 2  1  x2 
Simplifying,
x 2 lan 1 x 1 x2
  x  tan x   C  tan 1 x   tan 1 x  C
x 1
 1
2 2 2 2 2
9. xcos 1 x
Ans:

Let I   x cos 1 xdx
Taking u  cos 1 x and v  x and integrating by parts, to obtain
 d  
I  cos 1 x  xdx    cos 1 x   xdx dx
 dx  
x 2
1 x 2
 cos 1 x    dx
2 1 x 2
2
Adding and subtracting by -1
x 2 cos 1 x 1 1  x 2  1
   dx
2 2 1  x2
Simplifying,
x 2 cos 1 x 1   1  
    1  x2   2 
dx
2 2   1  x 
x 2 cos 1 x 1 1  1 
   1  x 2 dx   
2  1  x 2 
dx
2 2
x 2 cos 1 x 1 1
  I1  cos 1 x....1
2 2 2
Where I1   1  x dx
2
d x 2
 I1  x  1  x   2
1  x  xdx  I1  x 1  x  
2 2
dx
dx 1  x2
1  x2 1  dx 
 I1  x 1  x 2   dx  I  x 1  x 2
   1  x 2
dx   
1  x2 1  x2 
1

 I1  x 1  x 2  I1  cos 1 x  2I1  x 1  x 2  cos 1 x
x 1
 I1  1  x 2  cos 1 x
2 2
Substituting in (1), we get
x cos 1 x 1  x 1  1
I   1  x 2  cos 1 x   cos 1 x
2 2 2 2  2
Simplifying,

 2x 2  1
cos 1 x 
x
1  x2  C
4 4
10.  sin 1 x 
2
Ans:

Let I    sin 1 x   1dx
2
Consider u   sin 1 x  and v  1 and integrating by parts, to obtain

2
d 
I    sin 1 x   1dx     sin 1 x   1.dx dx
2
 dx 
1
  sin 1 x  x  
2 2sin x
 xdx
1  x2
 2x 
 x  sin 1 x    sin 1x  
2
2 
dx
 1  x 
 2x  d  2x  
 x  sin 1 x   sin 1 x 
2
   dx 
1
dx  sin x dx dx 
 1  x2   1  x2  
 
 x  sin 1 x   sin 1 x  2 1  x 2  
2 1
 2 1  x 2
dx 
 1  x2 
 x  sin x   2 1  x sin x   2dx
1 2 2 1
 x  sin 1 x   2 1  x 2 sin 1 x  2x  C
2
xcos 1 x
11.
1  x2
Ans:
x cos 1 x
Let I   dx
1 x 2
Multiplying and dividing by 2

1 2x
I   cos 1
xdx
2 1  x2
 2x 
Consider u  cos 1 x and v   2 
and integrating by parts, to obtain
 1  x 
1  2x  d  2x  
I  cos 1 x  dx     cos 1
x   dx dx 
2  1  x2  dx  1  x2  
1  1  1 
 cos 1 x  2 1  x 2    2 1  x 2
dx   2 1  x 2
cos 1
x   2dx 
2  1 x 2
 2  
Simplifying,
1
  2 1  x 2 cos 1 x  2x   C
2  

   1  x 2 cos 1 x  x   C
 
12. xsec2 x
Ans:
Let I   xsec2 xdx
Consider u  x and v  sec2 x and integrating by parts, to obtain
 d  
I  x  sec2 xdx    x   sec 2 xdx dx
 dx  
 x tan x  1  tan xdx
 x tan x  log | cos x | C
13. tan 1 x
Ans:
Let I  1  tan 1 xdx
Consider u  tan 1 x and v  1 and integrating by parts, to obtain
 d   1
I  tan 1 x 1dx    tan 1 x  1.dx dx  tan 1 xx   xd
 dx   1  x 2
1 2x
 x tan 1 x   dx
2 1  x2
1
 x tan 1 x  log 1  x 2  C
2
 x tan 1 x  log 1  x 2   C
1
2
14. x  log x  dx
2
Ans:
I   x(log x) 2 dx
Consider u  (log x) 2 and v  1 and integrating by parts, to obtain
  d  
2

I  (log)  xdx     log x    xdx dx
2
  dx   
x2  1 x2 
 (log x)    2log x   dx 
2
2  x 2 
2
x
 (log x) 2   x log xdx
2

Again using integration by parts, to obtain
x2   d   
I  (log x) 2  log x  xdx    log x   xdx dx 
2   dx   
x 2
x 2
1 x 2

 (log x) 2    log x    dx 
2 2 x 2 
2 2
x x 1 x2 x2 x2
 (log x)  log x   xdx  (log x)  log x   C
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 4
15.  x2  1 log x
Ans:
Let I    x 2  1 log xdx   x 2 log xdx   logxdx
Let I  I1  I2 (1)
Where, I1   x 2 log xdx and I2   logxdx
I1   x 2 log xdx
Consider u  log x and v  x 2 and integrating by parts, to obtain
 d  
I1  log x   x 2dx    log x   x 2dx dx
 dx  
3 3 3
x 1 x x 1
 log x     dx  log x   x 2dx
3 x 3 3 3
3 3
x x
 log x   C1 (2)
3 9
I2   logxdx
Consider u  log x and v  1 and integrating by parts, to obtain
 d  
I2  log x 1.dx    log x  1.dx 
 dx  
1
 log x  x   xdx
x
 x log x  x.. 3
Using equations (2) and (3) in (1), we get
x3 x3
I  log x   C1  x log x  x  C2
3 9
3 3
x x
 log x   x log x  x   C1  C2 
3 9

 x3  x3
   x  log x   x  C
 3  9
16. ex  sin x  cos x 

Ans:
Consider I   ex (sin x  cos x)dx
Consider f (x)  sin x
f  (x)  cos x
I   ex f (x)  f  (x) dx
Since,  ex f (x)  f  (x) dx  e xf (x)  C
 I  e x sin x  C
xe x
17.
1  x 
2
Ans:
xe x x  x 
Consider I   dx   (1  x) 2  dx
e 
(1  x) 2  
1  x  1   1 1 
  ex  2 
dx   e x   2 
dx
 (1  x)   1  x (1  x) 
1 1
Here, f (x)  f  (x) 
1 x (1  x) 2
xe x
 dx   e x f (x)  f  (x) dx
(1  x) 2
Since,  ex f (x)  f  (x) dx  e xf (x)  C

xe x ex
 dx  C
(1  x) 2 1 x
 1  sin x 
18. Integrate the function - e x  
 1  cos x 
 1  sin x 
Ans: First simplify – e x  
 1  cos x 
It is known that –
x x x x
1  sin x  sin 2  cos 2  2sin cos
2 2 2 2
x
1  cos x  2cos 2
2
 2x 2 x x x
 sin  cos  2sin cos
 1  sin x  x
 ex   2 2 2 2
 e  
 1  cos x   2cos 2
x

 2 
 x x 
2
  sin  cos  
 ex  
2 2 
 2cos 2
x 
 2 
 
 x x 
2
 sin  cos  
1 x   2 2 
 e
2  cos 2
x 
 2 
 
2
 x x
 sin  cos
1
 ex  2 2
x 
2  cos 
 2 
2
 x x
1 x  sin 2 cos 2 
 e   
2  cos x cos x 
 2 2
2
1  x 
 e x  tan  1
2  2 
1  x x
 e x  tan 2  1  2 tan 
2  2 2
x x
But, 1  tan 2  sec 2
2 2
1  x x
 e x  sec 2  2 tan 
2  2 2
1 x x
 e x  sec 2  tan 
2 2 2
 1  sin x  x  1 2 x x
 ex    e  sec  tan 
 1  cos x  2 2 2

It is known that,  ex f (x)  f '(x) dx e xf (x)  C
x 1 x
If we say, f (x)  tan  f '(x)  sec 2
2 2 2
 1  sin x  x
Thus, we get –  e x  dx  e tan  C
x
 1  cos x  2
1 1 
19. Integrate the function - ex   2 
x x 
1 1 
Ans: Say, I   e x   2  dx
x x 
1 1
Suppose, f (x)   f '(x)   2
x x
It is known that,  e f (x)  f '(x) dx e xf (x)  C
x
1 1  ex
Thus, we get – I   e   2  dx   C
x
x x  x
(x  3)e x
20. Integrate the function -
(x  1)3
(x  3) x  (x  1  2) 
Ans:  e x dx    (x  1)3  dx
e
(x  1)3  
 (x  1) 2 
  ex   3 
dx
 (x  1) 3
(x  1) 
 1 2 
  ex   3 
dx
 (x  1) (x  1) 
2
1 2
Suppose, f (x)   f '(x)  
(x  1) 2
(x  1)3
(x  3) ex
Thus,  e x
dx  C
(x  1)3 (x  1) 2
21. Integrate the function - e2x sin x

Ans: Say, I   e2x sin xdx
Perform Integration by parts –  uvdx  u  vdx    u '  vdx  dx

With – u  sin x v  e2x
 d  
I   e2x sin xdx  sin x  e2x dx    sin x   e2x dx  dx
 dx  
e 2x
 e 
2x
 sin x    cos x   dx
2  2 
2x
   e2x cos x  dx
e 1
 sin x
2 2
Perform Integration by parts for –   e2x cos x  dx
e2 x 1   d   
 sin x  cos x  e 2 x dx    cos x   e 2 x dx  dx 
2 2  dx   
e 2x
1 e 2x
 e  
2x
 sin x  cos x     sin x   dx 

2 2 2  2  
e2x 1  e2x 1 
 sin x  cos x   (sin x)e2x dx 
2 2 2 2 
  (sin x)e2x dx
2x 2x
e e cos x 1
 sin x 
2 4 4
But, I   e sin xdx
2x
e2x e2x cos x 1

 I  sin x   I
2 4 4
2x 2x
1 e e cos x
 I  I  sin x 
4 2 4
2x 2x
5 e sin x e cos x
 I 
4 2 4
2x 2x
5 2e sin x e cos x
 I 
4 4 4
 5I  e (2sin x  cos x)
2x
e2x
Thus, we get – I  (2sin x  cos x)  C
5
 2x 
22. Integrate the function - sin 1  3 
1 x 
Ans: Say, x  tan   dx=sec2d
 2x  1  2 tan  
 sin 1  3 
 sin  
1 x   1  tan  
3

2 tan 
But, sin 2 
1  tan 3 
 2x   2 tan   1  2x 
 sin 1  3 
 sin 1    sin  3 
 sin 1  sin 2   2
1 x   1  tan   1 x 
3
 2x 
Therefore,  sin 1  3 
dx   2sec 2d
1 x 
 2 sec d
2
Perform Integration by parts –  uvdx  u  vdx    u '  vdx  dx

With – u   v  sec2 
  d   
2 sec 2d  2  sec 2 d       sec 2 d  d 
  d   
 2 tan     tan  d
 2 tan   ( log | cos  |)  C
 2 tan   log | cos  |  C
Replace   tan 1 x
 2tan 1 x tan(tan 1 x)  log | cos(tan 1 x) |  C
1
It is known that – tan 1 x  cos 1
1  x2
 1 
 2 tan 1 x(x)  log | cos(cos 1 ) | C
 1  x2 
 1 
 2  x tan 1 x  log | | C
 1  x2 
  
1
 2  x tan x  log(1  x ) 2   C
1 2
 
Here, log m  n log m
n
 1 
 2  x tan 1 x  log(1  x 2 )   C
 2 
 2x tan x  log(1  x )  C
1 2
 2x 
Thus,  sin 1  3 
dx  2x tan 1 x  log(1  x 2 )  C
1 x 
23. Choose the correct answer:  x 2e x dx equals

3

1 x
e C
3
(a)
3
1
(b) e x  C
2
3
1
(c) e x  C
3
2
1
(d) e x  C
2
2
Ans: Say, I   x 2e x dx
3
Suppose, t  x 3  dt  3x 2dx
1 t
Rewriting the equation – I   x 2e x dx   e dt
3
3
1 t 1
I
3
 e dt  e t  C
3
Replacing t  x 3
1
 I  ex  C
3
3
The correct option is A.
24. Choose the correct answer:  ex secx(1  tan x)dx

(a) ex cos x  C
(b) ex secx  C
(c) ex sin x  C
(d) ex tan x  C
Ans: Say, I   ex sec x(1  tan x)dx
 I   ex (sec x  sec x tan x)dx
Suppose, f (x)  sec x  f '(x)  sec x tan x
 I   ex (sec x  sec x tan x)dx  e x sec x  C
Thus, I  e x sec x  C
The correct option is B.
Exercise 7.7
1. Integrate the function - 4  x2

Ans: Say, I   4  x 2 dx   22  x 2 dx
x 2 a 2 1 x
It is known that –  a  x dx 2 2
a  x  sin
2
C
2 2 a
x 2 22 x
 I   22  x 2 dx  2  x 2  sin 1  C
2 2 2
x x
I 4  x 2  2sin 1  C
2 2
x x
Thus,  4  x 2 dx  4  x 2  2sin 1  C
2 2
2. Integrate the function - 1  4x 2

Ans: Say, I   1  4x 2 dx   12  (2x) 2 dx
Let, 2x  t  2dx  dt
t dt
x   dx 
2 2
2
 t  dt 1
So, we get – I   1   2( )    12   t  dt
2 2
 2  2 2
1
I  12   t  dt
2
2
x 2 a2 x
It is known that –  a 2  x 2 dx 
2
a  x 2  sin 1  C
2 a
1t 1 
 I   1  t 2  sin 1 t   C
2 2 2 
t 1 
 I   1  t 2  sin 1 t   C
4 4 
Replace – t  2x
 2x 1 
I 1  (2x) 2  sin 1 2x   C
 4 4 
x 1 
 I   1  4x 2  sin 1 2x   C
2 4 
x 1
Thus,  1  4x 2 dx 
2
1  4x 2  sin 1 2x  C
4
3. Integrate the function - x 2  4x  6

Ans: First simplify – x 2  4x  6
x 2  4x  6  x 2  4x  4  2
 (x 2  4x  4)  2  (x  2) 2  ( 2) 2
 x 2  4x  6  (x  2) 2  ( 2) 2
  x 2  4x  6dx   (x  2) 2  ( 2) 2 dx
x 2 a2
It is known that –  x 2  a 2 dx 
2
x  a 2  log x  x 2  a 2  C
2
x2
  (x  2) 2  ( 2) 2 dx  (x  2) 2  ( 2) 2
2
( 2) 2
 log (x  2)  (x  2) 2  ( 2) 2  C
2
x2 2 2
 x  4x  6  log (x  2)  x 2  4x  6  C
2 2
x2 2
Thus,  x 2  4x  6dx  x  4x  6  log (x  2)  x 2  4x  6  C
2

Ans: First simplify – x 2  4x  1
x 2  4x  1  x 2  4x  4  3
 (x 2  4x  4)  3  (x  2) 2  ( 3) 2
 x 2  4x  1  (x  2) 2  ( 3) 2
  x 2  4x  1dx   (x  2) 2  ( 3) 2 dx
x 2 a2
It is known that –  x 2  a 2 dx 
2
x  a 2  log x  x 2  a 2  C
2
x2
  (x  2) 2  ( 3) 2 dx  (x  2) 2  ( 3) 2
2
( 3) 2
 log (x  2)  (x  2) 2  ( 3) 2  C
2
x2 2 3
 x  4x  1  log (x  2)  x 2  4x  1  C
2 2
x2 2 3
Thus,  x 2  4x  1dx  x  4x  1  log (x  2)  x 2  4x  1  C
2 2
5. Integrate the function - 1  4x  x 2

Ans: First simplify –1  4x  x 2
1  4x  x 2  1  4x  x 2  4  4  1  4  (x 2  4x  4)
 5  (x 2  4x  4)  ( 5) 2  (x  2) 2
 1  4x  x 2  ( 5) 2  (x  2) 2
  1  4x  x 2 dx   ( 5) 2  (x  2) 2 dx
x 2 a 2 1 x
It is known that –  a  x dx 
2 2
a  x  sin
2
C
2 2 a
x2 ( 5) 2 1 x  2
  ( 5)  (x  2) dx 
2 2
( 5)  (x  2) 
2 2
sin C
2 2 5
x2 5 x2
 1  4x  x 2  sin 1 C
2 2 5
x2 5 x2
Thus,  1  4x  x 2 dx  1  4x  x 2  sin 1 C
2 2 5

Ans: First simplify – x 2  4x  5
x 2  4x  5  x 2  4x  5  4  4  (x 2  4x  4)  5  4
 (x 2  4x  4)  9  (x  2) 2  (3) 2
 x 2  4x  5  (x  2) 2  (3) 2
  x 2  4x  5dx   (x  2) 2  (3) 2 dx
x 2 a2
It is known that –  x  a dx 
2 2
x  a  log x  x 2  a 2  C
2
2 2
x2 (3) 2
  (x  2)  (3) dx 
2 2
(x  2)  (3) 
2 2
log (x  2)  (x  2) 2  (3) 2  C
2 2
x2 2 9
 x  4x  5  log (x  2)  x 2  4x  5  C
2 2
x2 2 9
Thus,  x 2  4x  5dx  x  4x  5  log (x  2)  x 2  4x  5  C
2 2
7. Integrate the function - 1  3x  x 2

Ans: First simplify –1  3x  x 2
9 9 9 9
1  3x  x 2  1  x 2  3x    1   (x 2  3x  )
4 4 4 4

2
94 9  13  
2
9  13  3
  (x  3x  )     (x  3x  )  
2 2
 x  
4 4 4 4  2   2
2
 13   3
2
 1  3x  x   2
 x  
 2   2
2
 13   3
2
  1  3x  x dx   
2
   x   dx
 2   2
x 2 a2 x
It is known that –  a 2  x 2 dx  a  x 2  sin 1  C
2 2 a
 3
2
 x  2
 13   3
2
 2   13   3
2
     x   dx    x  
 2   2  2  2   2
2
 13   3
   x 
2 
 sin 1 
2
C
2  13 
 
 2 
2x  3 13 2x  3
 1  3x  x 2  sin 1 C
4 8 13
2x  3 13 2x  3
Thus,  1  3x  x 2 dx  1  3x  x 2  sin 1 C
4 8 13
8. Integrate the function - x 2  3x

Ans: First simplify – x 2  3x
9 9 9 9
x 2  x  x 2  3x    (x 2  3x  ) 
4 4 4 4
2 2 2
 3 9  3 3
x     x    
 2 4  2 2
2 2
 3 3
 x  3x   x     
2
 2 2
2 2
 3 3
  x  3xdx  
2
 x      dx
 2 2

x a2
It is known that –  x  a dx 
2 2
x  a  log x  x 2  a 2  C
2 2
2 2
 3
2 2  x  2 2
 3 3  3 3
   x      dx  
2
 x    
 2 2 2  2 2
2
3
  2 2
 2  3  3 3
 log  x     x       C
2  2  2 2
2x  3 2 9  3
 x  3x  log  x    x 2  3x  C
4 8  2
2x  3 2 9  3
Thus,  x 2  3xdx 
4
x  3x  log  x    x 2  3x  C
8  2
x2
9. Integrate the function - 1 
9
2
x
Ans: First simplify –1 
9
2
x 1 1
1  (9  x 2 )  (32  x 2 )
9 9 9
x2 1 2 1
 1  (3  x 2 )  (32  x 2 )
9 9 3
x2 1 1
  1  dx   (32  x 2 )dx   (32  x 2 )dx
9 3 3
x 2 a2
It is known that –  x 2  a 2 dx  x  a 2  log x  x 2  a 2  C
2 2
1 1 x (3) 2

  (32  x 2 )dx   (x) 2  (3) 2  log (x)  (x) 2  (3) 2   C
3 32 2 
1 x 2 9 
  x  9  log x  x 2  9   C
32 2 
x 2 3
 x  9  log x  x 2  9  C
6 2
2
x x 2 3
Thus,  1  dx  x  9  log x  x 2  9  C
9 6 2

10. Choose the correct answer:  1  x 2 dx is equal to –
x 1
(a) 1  x 2  log (x  1  x 2 )  C
2 2
3
2
(b) (1  x 2 ) 2  C
3
3
2
(c) x(1  x )  C
2 2
3
x2 1
(d) 1  x 2  x 2 log (x  1  x 2 )  C
2 2
x 2 a2
Ans: It is known that –  x  a dx 
2 2
x  a  log x  x 2  a 2  C
2
2 2
2
x 2 2 1
Thus,  x 2  12 dx  x  1  log x  x 2  12  C
2 2
x 2 1
 x  1dx  2 x  1  2 log x  x  1  C
2 2
The correct answer is option A.
11. Choose the correct answer:  x 2  8x  7dx is equal to –

1
(a) (x  4) x 2  8x  7  9log (x  4  x 2  8x  7 )  C
2
1
(b) (x  4) x 2  8x  7  9log (x  4  x 2  8x  7 )  C
2
1
(c) (x  4) x 2  8x  7  3 2 log (x  4  x 2  8x  7)  C
2
1 9
(d) (x  4) x 2  8x  7  log (x  4  x 2  8x  7 )  C
2 2
Ans: First simplify – x  8x  7
2
x 2  8x  7  9  9  x 2  8x  16  9  (x 2  8x  16)  9
 (x  4) 2  (3) 2
 x 2  8x  7  (x  4) 2  (3) 2
  x 2  8x  7dx   (x  4) 2  (3) 2 dx
x 2 a2
It is known that –  x  a dx  x  a  log x  x 2  a 2  C
2 2 2
2 2

(x  4) (3) 2
  (x  4)  (3) dx 
2 2
(x  4)  (3) 
2 2
log (x  4)  (x  4) 2  (3) 2  C
2 2
x4 2 9
 x  8x  7  log (x  4)  x 2  8x  7  C
2 2
x 4 2 9
Thus,  x 2  8x  7dx  x  8x  7  log (x  4)  x 2  8x  7  C
2 2
The correct answer is option D
Exercise 7.8
b
1. Evaluate the definite integral as limit of sum –  xdx

a
Ans: The definite integral as a limit of sum is given by –

b
1
a f (x)dx  (b  a)lim
n 
f (a)  f (a  h)  ...  f (a  (n  1)h 
n
ba
With, h   0 as n  
n
ba
Here, f (x)  x ; a  a ; b  b ; h 
n
b
1
  xdx  (b  a)lim
n 
a  (a  h)  (a  2h)  ...  (a  (n  1)h)
a n
1
 (b  a)lim (a  a  a  ...  a) n  times  (h  2h  ...  (n  1)h) 
n 
n
1
 (b  a)lim  na  h(1  2  3  ...  (n  1)) 
n 
n
n(n  1)
It is known that the sum of n-terms is – 1  2  3  ...  (n  1) 
2
1  n(n  1)  
 (b  a)lim na  h  
n 
n  2 
‘n’ is a common factor
1   h(n  1)  
 (b  a)lim .n a   
n 
n   2  
  h(n  1)  
 (b  a)lim a   
n 
  2 
Replace the value for ‘h’

 ba  
   n  (n  1)  
 (b  a)lim a     
n 
  2 
  

  (b  a)(n  1) 
 (b  a)lim a   
n 
  2n 
   n  1  
  (b  a)  n   
 (b  a)lim a     
n 
  2 
  

   1  
  (b  a) 1  n   
 (b  a)lim a     
n 
  2 
   

1
Here, as n     0
n
  (b  a) 1  0   
 (b  a) a   
  2 
  b  a 
 (b  a) a   
  2 
 2a  b  a  
 (b  a)  
 2 
ab
 (b  a)  
 2 
 b2  a 2 
 
 2 
b
1
Thus,  xdx  (b2  a 2 )
a 2
5
2. Evaluate the definite integral as limit of sum –  (x  1)dx

0

b
1
n 
f (a)  f (a  h)  ...  f (a  (n  1)h 
n

ba
With, h   0 as n  
n
ba 50 5
Here, f (x)  x  1 ; a  0 ; b  5 ; h   
n n n
5
1  5   10   (n  1)5  
  (x  1)dx  (5  0)lim f (0)  f    f    ...  f  
0
n 
n n  n   n 
1   5   10   (n  1)5  
 5lim 1    1    1  ...    1 
n 
n n   n   n 
1  5   (2)5   (n  1)5  
 5lim (1  1  1...  1) n  times        ...   
n 
n n  n   n 
1 5 
 5lim  n  (1  2  3  ...  (n  1) 
n 
n n 
n(n  1)
2
1 5  n(n  1)  
 5lim  n   
n 
n n  2  
1   5(n  1)  
 (b  a)lim .n 1   
n 
n   2n  
  5(n  1)  
 5lim 1   
n 
  2n  
   n  1  
  5 n  
 5lim 1     
n 
  2 

  

   1  
  5 1  n   
 5lim 1     
n 
  2 
  

1
Here, as n     0
n
  5 1  0   
 5 1   
  2 

  5 
 5 1    
  2 
7
 5 
2
 35 
 
 2 
5
35
Thus,  (x  1)dx 
0 2
3
3. Evaluate the definite integral as limit of sum –  x 2dx

2

b
1
a f (x)dx  (b  a)lim n 
f (a)  f (a  h)  ...  f (a  (n  1)h 
n
ba
With, h   0 as n  
n
32 1
Here, f (x)  x 2 ; a  2 ; b  3 ; h  
n n
3
1  1  2  (n  1)  
  x 2dx  (3  2)lim f (2)  f  2    f  2    ...  f  2  
2
n 
n  n  n  n  
1 2  (n  1)  
2 2 2
1  2 
 1lim  2   2     2    ...   2   
n 
n  n  n  n  
 2  2 1 1   2 22 2 
 2   2   2.2.   2  2  2.2.   ...
 n  n
2
1 n n 
 lim
n 
n   2 (n  1) 2 (n  1)  
  2   2.2.  
 
2
 n n 
 2 1 2 2
(n  1) 2
2  2  ...2 n  times   2  2  ...  

2 2
1 n n n 2 
 lim
n 
n  1 2 (n  1)  
  2.2.  2.2.  ...  2.2.  
  n n n  
1 2
  1  2  ...  (n  1)
1 2 1
 lim  2 n  1  2 2
 ...  (n  1) 2
 2.2.
n 
n n 2
n 
1 
 
1 2 4
 lim 4n  1  2 2
 ...  (n  1) 2
 1  2  ...  (n  1) 
n 
n  n 2
n 

n(n  1)
2
It is also known that the sum of n-squared-terms is –
n(n  1)(2n  1)
12  22  32  ...  (n  1) 2 
6
1 1  n(n  1)(2n  1)  4  n(n  1) 
 lim  4n  2    
n 
n n  6  n  2 
1 1  (n  1)(2n  1)   (n  1) 
 lim  4n     4 
n 
n n 6   2 
1
Taking inside
n
 1  (n  1)(2n  1)  4  (n  1) 
 lim  4  2    
n 
 n  6  n  2 
   (n  1)  (2n  1)   
   n  n    (n  1)  
   
 lim 4   2  
n 
  6   n  
   
   1  1  
   n     1  
1 2
4     n  
 lim   2 1   
n 
  6   n  
   
1
Here, as n     0
n
  1  0  2  0   
 4     21  0
  6  
  1 2   
 4     21
  6  
 1  
 4     2
 3 
12  1  6

3
19

3

3
19
Thus,  x 2dx 
2 3
4
4. Evaluate the definite integral as limit of sum –  (x2  x)dx

1

b
1
n 
f (a)  f (a  h)  ...  f (a  (n  1)h 
n
ba
With, h   0 as n  
n
Let us say I  I1  I2
4 4
With, I1   x dx ; I2   xdx
2
1 1
4
Finding I1   x 2dx
1
4 1 3
Here, f (x)  x 2 ; a  1 ; b  4 ; h  
n n
4
1  3   (2)3   (n  1)3  
 I1   x 2dx  (4  1)lim f (1)  f 1    f 1    ...  f 1  
1
n 
n  n  n   n  
1 2  3  6  3(n  1)  
2 2 2
 3lim 1  1    1    ...  1   
n 
n  n  n  n  
 2  2 32 3   2 22.32 2.3  
 1  1   2.2.   1   2.2.   ...
1  n2 n  n2 n  
 3lim
n  
n  2 3 (n  1) 2 2
(n  1)3  
  1   2.2.  
  n2 n  
 2 2  32 22.32 (n  1) 2 .32 
   n times  n 2 n 2
    
2
1 1 ...1 ...
1  n2 
 3lim
n 
n  3 2.3 (n  1).3  
  2.  2.  ...  2.  
  n n n  
1 2

 3lim 12 n  2 12  22  ...  (n  1) 2   2. 1  2  ...  (n  1)
3 3
n 
n n n 
1 
 
9 2 6
 3lim n  1  2 2
 ...  (n  1) 2
  1  2  ...  (n  1) 
n 
n  n 2
n 

n(n  1)
2
It is also known that the sum of n-squared-terms is –
n(n  1)(2n  1)
12  22  32  ...  (n  1) 2 
6
1 9  n(n  1)(2n  1)  6  n(n  1) 
 3lim  n  2    
n 
n n  6  n  2 
1 3  (n  1)(2n  1)  
 3lim n     3(n  1) 
n 
n n 2  
1
Taking inside
n
 3  (n  1)(2n  1)  3 
 3lim 1  2    (n  1) 
n 
 n  2  n 
   (n  1)  (2n  1)   
   n  n    (n  1)  
 3lim 1  3     3
  
n 
  2   n 
   
   1  1  
     
n    1  
 1 2
 3lim  1  3  n 
  3 1  
   n 
n 
 2
   
1
Here, as n    0
n
  1  0  2  0   
 3 1  3    31  0
  2  
  1 2   
 3 1  3    31
  2  
 31  3  3
 3[7]
 I1  21
4
Finding I2   xdx
1
4 1 3
Here, f (x)  x ; a  1 ; b  4 ; h  
n n

4
1  3   2.3   (n  1).3  
 I2   xdx  (4  1)lim f (1)  f 1    f 1    ...  f 1  
1
n 
n  n  n   n 
1   3   2.3   (n  1).3  
 3lim 1  1    1    ...  1  
n 
n  n  n   n 
1 3 3 3 
 3lim (1  1  1  ...  1) n times    2.  ...  (n  1).  
n 
n n n n 
1 3 
 3lim  n  (1  2  3  ...  (n  1)) 
n 
n n
It is known that the sum of n-terms is –
n(n  1)
1  2  3  ...  (n  1) 
1 3  n(n  1)   2
 3lim  n   
n 
n n  2  
1  3  (n  1)  
 3lim .n 1   
n 
n  n  2  
 3  (n  1)  
 3lim 1   
n 
 n  2 
   n  1  
  3 n  
 3lim 1     
n 
  2 
   

   1  
  3 1  n   
 3lim 1     
n 
  2 
  

1
Here, as n     0
n
  31  0   
 3 1   
  2 
  3 
 3 1    
  2 
 23
 3 
 2 

5
 3 
2
15

2
15
 I2 
2
Now, I  I1  I2
15 42  15 27
 I  21   
2 2 2
4
27
Thus,  (x 2  x)dx 
1 2
1
5. Evaluate the definite integral as limit of sum –  exdx

1

b
1
n 
f (a)  f (a  h)  ...  f (a  (n  1)h 
n
ba
With, h   0 as n  
n
1  (1) 1  1 2
Here, f (x)  e x ; a  1 ; b  1 ; h   
n n n
  2  2 
 f (  1)  f   1    f  1  2.   ...
1
1  n  n

  e dx  (1  (1))lim
x
1
n 
n   2 

  f  1  (n  1).  
  n 
1  1  1 n2   2
 1 2.   1 ( n 1).  
 2
 (1  1)lim
n  e  e e  n
 ...  e  n

n 
1  1 1  n2   2
1  n 
2.

1 
( n 1).  
2
 2lim
n  e  e e  e e  ...  e e n

n 
1  1  2
 
4
   (n 1).   
 2
 2lim e 1  e  e  ...  e
n n  n

n 
n  
2
It is known that the sum of n-terms in Geometric progression with a  1 ; r  e n

2n
e n 1 e2  1
is – 2  2
e 1
n
e 1
n

1  1  e 2  1 
 2lim e  2 
n 
n   e n  1 
  
1 e2  1 
 2e lim  2
1

n 
n  e n  1
 
 
 
 
 
1  e2  1 
 2e  
  2  
 lim  e  1  2 
n
 n   2  
  
 n  
eh  1
It is known that – lim 1
h 0
h
1  e  1 
2
 2e  
 (1)2 
 e 1 (e 2  1)
 (e1  e 1 )
1
e
e
1
1
 e dx  e  e
x
Thus,
1
6. Evaluate the definite integral as limit of sum –  (x  e 2x )dx

0

b
1
n 
f (a)  f (a  h)  ...  f (a  (n  1)h 
n
ba
With, h   0 as n  
n
40 4
Here, f (x)  x  e2 x ; a  0 ; b  4 ; h  
n n

  4  4  4 
 f (0)  f  0    f  0  2.   f  0  3.   ... 
4
1  n  n  n

  (x  e )dx  (4  0)lim
2x
n 
n   4 
  
0
  f 0 (n 1)  
  n 
1  4 2. 4   4 2.2. 4   4 2(n 1) n4  
 4lim  0  e0     e n    2.  e n   ...   (n  1)  e 
n 
n n   n   n 
1  0 8
2.
8
(n 1) 
8
4 4 4 
 4lim  e  e  e  ...  e
n n n
    2.  ...  (n  1)  
n 
n   n n n 
1  8 8
(n 1) 
8
4 
 1  2  ...  (n  1)  
2.
 4lim 1  e  e  ...  e
n n n

n 
n   n 
n(n  1)
2
8
Also, the sum of n-terms in Geometric progression with a  1 ; r  e n is –

8n
e n 1 e8  1
8  8
e 1
n
e 1
n
1  e8  1  4  n(n  1)  
 4lim  8   
n 
n  e n  1  n  2  
  
1   e8  1  
 4lim  8   2  n  1 
n 
n  e n  1  
 
1  e8  1  1
 4lim  8   4lim  2  n  1 
n 
n  en 1  n 
n
 
 
 
 
 
 e8  1   n  1
 4   4lim 2
  8   n 
 n 
 lim  e  1  8 
n
 n   8  
  
 n  

 
 
 
 
 e8  1   1
 4   4lim 2 1  
  8   n 
 n
 lim  e  1  8 
n
 n   8  
  
 n  
1
Here, as n    0
n
eh  1
And, lim 1
h 0
h
 e8  1 
 4   42 1  0
 (1)8 
 e8  1 
   4(2)
 2 
e8  1
 8
2
e8  1  16

2
 e8  15 
 
 2 
4
e8  15
Thus,  (x  e )dx 
2x
0 2
Exercise 7.9
1
1. Evaluate the definite integral–  (x  1)dx

1
Ans: The second fundamental theorem of integral calculus states that –

b
 f (x)dx  F(b)  F(a)

a
x2
Here,  (x  1)dx   x
2

1
1
 x2 
So,  (x  1)dx    x 
1 2  1
12
  (1) 2

   1    (1) 
2   2 
1  1 
   1    1
2  2 
1 1
 1 1 2
2 2
1
Thus,  (x  1)dx 2
1
3
1
2. Evaluate the definite integral–  x dx
2

b
 f (x)dx  F(b)  F(a)

a
1
Here,  x dx  log x
3
1 3
So, 2 x dx  
 log x 
2
 log 3   log 2 
3
 log
2
3
1 3
Thus, 2 x dx  log
2
2
3. Evaluate the definite integral–  (4x 3  5x 2  6x  9)dx

1

b
 f (x)dx  F(b)  F(a)

a
 x 4   x3   x 2 
Here,  (4x  5x  6x  9)dx  4    5    6    9x
3 2
 4  3  2
3
5x
 x4   3x 2  9x
3

2
2
 4 5x 3 
So,  (4x  5x  6x  9)dx   x 
3 2
 3x 2  9x 
1  3 1
 5(2) 3
  5(1) 3

  24   3(2)2  9(2)   14   3(1)2  9(1) 
 3   3 
 40   5 
 16   12  18  1   3  9
 3   3 
 40   5
  46    13  
 3  3
40 5
 46   13 
3 3
35
 33 
3
99  35

3
64

3
2
64
Thus,  (4x 3  5x 2  6x  9)dx 
1 3

4
4. Evaluate the definite integral–  sin 2xdx
0

b
 f (x)dx  F(b)  F(a)

a
 cos 2x
Here,  sin 2xdx 
2
 
4
  cos 2x  4
So,  sin 2xdx  
0  2  0
   
  cos 2     cos 0
  4    
 
 2   2 
 

   
  cos  2    1 
   
 
 2  2
 
0 1
  
2 2
1

2

4
1
Thus,  sin 2xdx 
0 2

2
5. Evaluate the definite integral–  cos 2xdx
0

b
 f (x)dx  F(b)  F(a)

a
sin 2x
Here,  cos 2xdx 
2
 
2
 sin 2x 
2
So,  cos 2xdx  
0  2  0
   
 sin 2  2    sin 0 
   
 
 2   2 
 
 sin    0 
 
 2   2 
00
0

2
Thus,  cos 2xdx  0
0
6. Evaluate the definite integral–  e xdx

4

b
 f (x)dx  F(b)  F(a)

a
Here,  ex dx  ex
5
5
So,  ex dx  e x  4
4
 e5   e4 
 e 4 (e  1)
5
Thus,  e x dx  e4 (e  1)
4

4
7.  tan xdx
0
Ans: We know that,

 tan xdx   log cos x  C
Therefore, by second fundamental theorem of calculus

4 
 tan xdx  
0
 log cos x 
4
0

4
  
  tan xdx    log cos  log cos0 
0  4 

4
 1 
  tan xdx    log  log 1 
0  2 

4
1
  tan xdx  log 2
0 2

4
8.  cosecxdx

6
Ans: We know that,

 cosecxdx  log cosecx  cot x  C


4 
 cos ecxdx  log cos ecx  cot x 


4

6
6

4
    
  cos ecxdx  log cos ec  cot  log cos ec  cot 
  4 4 6 6
6

4
  cos ecxdx  log 2  1  log 2  3 

 
6

4  2 1 
  cos ecxdx  log  

 2 3
6
1
1
9.  dx
1  x2
0
Ans: We know that,

1
 1  x 2 dx  sin x  C
1

1
1 1
0 1  x 2   
1
dx  sin x 0
1
1
 dx  sin 1 1  sin 1 0 
0 1 x 2
1
1  
 dx   2  0 
0 1  x2
1
1 
 dx 
0 1  x2 2
1
1
10.  1 x
0
2
dx
Ans: We know that,
1
 1  x 2 dx  tan x  C
1

1
1 1
0 1  x 2 dx   tan x  0
1

1
1
 dx   tan 1 1  tan 1 0
0 1 x
2
1
1  
 dx    0 
0 1 x 4 
2
1
1 
 dx 
0 1 x
2
4
3
1
11.
2
x1
dx
2
Ans: We know that,

1 1 x 1
 x 2  1 dx  2 log x  1  C
3
3
1 1 x 1 
2 x 2  1 dx  2 log x  1 
 2
3
1 1 3 1 2 1 
 dx  log  log
2 x 1
2
2  3 1 2  1 
3
1 1 1 1
  2 dx  log  log 
2 x 1 2 2 3
3
1 1 3
  2 dx  log
2 x 1 2 2

4
12.  cos 2 xdx
0
Ans: We know that,

 1  cos 2x 
 cos xdx    2  dx
2
x sin 2x
  cos 2 xdx  
2 4
 
4
 x sin 2x  4
0   2  4 
2
cos xdx
0

4
1   sin  sin 0 
  cos 2 xdx    0
0 2 2 2 2 


4
1  
  cos 2 xdx    0  0  0 
0 2 2 

4

  cos 2 xdx 
0 4
3
xdx
13.
2
x
2
1
Ans: We know that,
xdx 1  2x 
 x 2  1  2   x 2  1  dx
 log 1  x 2 
xdx 1
 2
x 1 2
3
   
xdx 3
2 x 2  1    log 1  3 2
 log 1  2 2

2
3
xdx 1
 2  log10  log5
2 x 1 2
3
xdx 1 10
 2  log
2 x 1 2 5
3
xdx 1
 2  log 2
2 x  1 4
1
2x  3
14. 0 5x2  1 dx
2x  3
Ans: Solving  5x
2
1
dx ,
2x  3 1 5  2x  3
 5x 2  1 dx  5  5x 2  1 dx
2x  3 1 10x  15
 5x 2  1 dx  5  5x 2  1 dx
2x  3 1 10x 1
 5x 2  1 dx  5  5x 2  1 dx  3 5x 2  1 dx
2x  3 1 10x 1
 5x 2  1 dx  5  5x 2  1 dx  3  2 1  dx
5 x  
 5

2x  3
 5x 2
1
dx  log  5x 2  1 
1
5
3
 
5
tan 1 5 x

2x  3 1
   1 1 
1
3 3
0 5x 2  1 dx   5 log  5  1  5 tan 5 x    5 log 1  5 tan 0
1
   
1
2x  3 1 3
 2 dx  log 6  tan 1 5
0 5x  1 5 5
1
15.  xex dx
2
Ans: Let x 2  t ,
Differentiating it we get,
2xdx  dt
Therefore, the integral becomes,
11 t
20
 e dt
1
11 t 1 t 
20
 e dt   2 e 
0
1
1 t 1 1
20
 e dt  e  e0
2 2
1
 e  1
2
2
5x 2
16.  2 dx
1 x  4x  3
Ans: The given integral can be written as

2
5x 2 2
 20x  15 
1 x 2  4x  3 dx  1 5  x 2  4x  3  dx
2
5x 2 2
20x  15
1 x 2  4x  3 dx  5x 1  1 x 2  4x  3 dx …(1)
2
2
20x  15
Solving  2 dx ,
1 x  4x  3
Let 20x  15  A  x 2  4x  3  B
d
dx
Equating the coefficients of x and constant term we get,
A  10,B  25

Let x 2  4x  3  t
 2x  4  dx  dt
Therefore, the integral becomes
dt dx
10  25
 x  2   12
2
t
dt dx 1  x  2  1 
10  25  10log t  25  log  
 x  2   12  x  2  1 
2
t 2
2
20x  15
2
 1  x  1  
 2 dx  10log  x 2  4x  3  25  log   
1 x  4x  3  2  x  3   1
2
20x  15 1 3 1 2
 dx  10log15  10log8  25  log  log 
1 x  4x  3 2 4
2
5 2
2
20x  15
 2 dx  10log5  10log3  10log 4  10log 2
1 x  4x  3
25
  log3  log5  log 2  log 4
2
2
20x  15 45 45 5 5
 2 dx  log5  log 4  log3  log 2
1 x  4x  3 2 2 2 2
2
20x  15 45 5 5 3
 2 dx  log  log
1 x  4x  3 2 4 2 2
Substituting it in (1) we get,
2
5x 2  45 5 5 3
1 x 2  4x  3 dx  5   2 log 4  2 log 2 
2
5x 2 5 5 3
 2 dx  5  9log  log 
1 x  4x  3 2 4 2
  2sec x  x 3  2  dx
4
2
17.
0
Ans: We know that,

x4
  2sec x  x  2  dx  2 tan x  4  2x
2 3


 4

  2sec x  x 3  2  dx   2 tan x   2x 
2 x 4
 4 0

  1 
2
 
   2sec x  x  2  dx  2 tan     2     2 tan 0  0  0 
2 3
 4 4 4  4 
  4
   2sec2 x  x 3  2  dx  2 tan  5 
4 4 2
 4
   2sec2 x  x 3  2  dx  2  
2 1024


x x
18.   sin 2  cos 2  dx
0 2 2
Ans: We know that,

 2x 2 x 

 2x 2 x 
0  2
sin  cos
2
 dx   
0
 cos  sin  dx
2 2

 x x 
    cos 2  sin 2  dx    cos xdx

0 2 2 0
 cos xdx  sin x  C


 cos xdx  sin   sin0

0

  cos xdx  0
0
2
6x  3
19.
0
x2
4
dx
Ans: Solving the integral we get,
6x  3 2x  1
 x 2  4 dx  3 x 2  4 dx
6x  3 2x 1
 x 2  4 dx  3 x 2  4 dx  3 x 2  4 dx
6x  3
dx  3log  x 2  4   tan 1
3 x
 2
x 4 2 2
6x  3
2
2
 3 1 x 
0 x 2  4 dx  3log  x  4   2 tan 2 
2
0
2
6x  3  0
dx  3log  22  4   tan 1  3log  02  4   tan 1 
3 2 3
 2
0 x  4  2 2 2 2

6x  3
2
3 3
 dx  3log8  tan 1 1  3log 4  tan 1 0
0 x 4
2
2 2
2
6x  3 3 
 2 dx  3log8     3log 4  0
0 x  4 2 4 
2
6x  3 8 3
 2 dx  3log 
0 x 4 4 8
2
6x  3 3
 2 dx  3log 2 
0 x 4 8
1
 x 
20.   xe x  sin  dx
0 4 
 x 
x   d  x    cos 
1
 x
0  xe  sin 4  dx  x  e dx    dx x   e dx  dx    4 
x
   
 4 
1
 x x  4 x
0  xe  sin 4  dx  xe   e dx   cos 4
x x
1
 x  4 x
   xe x  sin  dx  xe x  e x  cos
0 4   4
1
 x x   1 1 4   0 0 4 
0  xe  sin 4  dx  1e  e   cos 4    0e  e   cos0 
1
 x   4 2 2
   xe x  sin  dx  1   
0 4     
3
1
21.  1 x
1
2
dx

A.
3
2
B.
3

C.
6

D.
12
3
1
1 1  x 2 dx  tan x
1

3
1
1 1  x 2 dx  tan 3  tan 1
1 1
3
1  
 dx  
1 1 x
2
3 4
3
1 
 dx 
1 1 x
2
12
Thus, the correct option is (D)
2
3
1
22.  4  9x
0
2
dx

A.
6

B.
12

C.
24

D.
4
1 1
 4  9x 2 dx   22  3x 2 dx
 
Let 3x  t ,
3dx  dt
1 1  3x 
 2 2 dx  tan 1  
2   3x  6  2 
2
3
1 1 1  3 2  1 1
 4  9x
0
2
dx 
6
tan     tan 0
2 3 6
2
3
1 1 
 4  9x
0
2
dx  
6 4

2
3
1 
 dx 
0 4  9x
2
24
Thus, the correct answer is (C).
Exercise 7.10
Solve the following integrals.

1
x
1.  2 dx
0 x 1
Ans: Let x 2  1
Differentiating 2xdx  dt ,
1
x 1 2 dt
0 x 2  1 dx  2 1 t
1
x 1 2
 2 dx  log t 1
0 x 1 2
1
x 1
 2 dx  log 2  log1
0 x 1 2
1
x 1
 2 dx  log 2
0 x 1 2

2
2. 
0
sin  cos 5 d
Ans: The integral can be written as:

 
2 2

0
sin  cos 5 d   sin  cos 4  cos d
0

2
64
  sin  cos 5 d 
0 231
Let sin   t
cos d  dt

1
sin  cos d   t 1  t 2  dt

2
2

5
0 0


1
  sin  cos d   t 1  t 4  2t 2  dt

2
5
0 0

2 1
 1 9 5

  sin  cos5 d    t 2  t 2  2t 2  dt
0 0 
1
  3 11 7 
2
 t 2
t 2
2t 2 
 sin  cos d   
5

3 11 7 
0
 
2 2 2 0

2
2 2 4
  sin  cos 5 d   
0 3 11 7

2
154  42  132
  sin  cos5 d 
0 231

2
64
  sin  cos 5 d 
0 231
 2x 
1
 sin
1
3.  2 
dx
0 1 x 
Ans: Let x  tan 
dx  sec2 d

1
1  2x   2 tan   2
4
0  0 2  sec d
1
sin  2 
dx sin  
1 x   1   tan   

1
 2x  4
 sin
1
 2 
dx   sin 1  sin 2  sec 2 d
0 1 x  0

1  2x 
1 4
0 sin  1  x 2  dx  20  sec d

2
Let u  
And v  sec2 
Using integration by parts we get,

1
1  2x    d   4
0 sin  1  x 2  dx  2  sec d    d    sec d d
2 2
   0

1
 2x 
  sin  1
2 
dx  2  tan    tan d  04
0 1 x 
1  2x 
1 
  sin  2 
dx  2 
 tan   log cos   04
0 1 x 
1
 2x     
  sin 1  2 
dx  2  tan  log cos  log cos0 
0 1 x  4 4 4 
1
 2x   1 
  sin 1  2 
dx  2   log  log1
0 1 x  4 2 
1
 2x  
  sin 1   dx   log 2
1 x 
2
0 2
4. x
0
x  2dx
(Put x  2  t 2 )
Ans: Let x  2  t 2
Differentiating it, dx  2tdt
2 2
x x  2dx   2t 2  t 2  2  dt
0 2
2
2
 t 5 2t 3 
  x x  2dx  2  
0 5 3  2
2
 35 16 4 2 4 2 
  x x  2dx  2     
0  5 3 5 3 
2
  x x  2dx 
16 2 2  1  
0 15

2
sin x
5.  1  cos
0 x
dx 2
Ans: Let cos x  t

Differentiating it,  sin xdx  dt

0
2
sin x dt
0 1  cos 2 x dx   1 1  t 2


2
sin x 0
 1  cos
0
2
x
dx    tan 1 t 1

2
sin x
 dx    tan 1 0  tan 1 1
0 1  cos x
2

2
sin x 
 dx 
0 1  cos x
2
4
2
1
6.  x4x
0
2
dx
Ans: The integral can be written as
2 2
1 dx
0 x  4  x 2 dx  0 
1  17 
2

  x    
 2 4
2 2
1 dx
0 x  4  x 2 dx  0 
1 
2
 17   2
   x  
  2   2 
 
1
Let x   t
2
dx  dt
3
2
1 2
dt
x4x 2
dx   2

1  17 
   
0
 
2
2 t
 2  
 
3
  17  
2
3    t
2  
 log 
2
dt 1
 
1  
17 
2
   17   17  
2 
   t 
2
 2    t
 2     2   2   1
  2

  17  3  17  1 
3
     
1   2  2 2  2
 log 
2
dt
  log
1  
2
   17  3  17  1 
17  17

2 
  t      
2

 2     2  2  2  2 
 
3
2
dt 1  17  3 17  1 
  2

  log
17  3
 log 
17  1 
1  17  17 
    
2
2
 t
 2  
 
3
2
dt 1  17  3 17  1 
  2

 log
17  3
 
17  1 
1  17  17 
   t 
2
2
 2  
 
3
2
dt 1  25  17  10 17 
  2

  log 
1  17  17  8 
    
2
2
 t
 2  
 
2
1 1  21  5 17 
 dx  log 
0 x 4x
2
17  4 
1
1
7.
1
2 x
 2x  5
dx
Ans: The integral can be written as
1 1
1 1
 2
1 x  2x  5
dx  
1  x  1  2
2 2
dx
Let x  1  t
dx  dt
1 2
1 dt
1 x 2  2x  5 dx  0 t 2  22
2
1
1 1 1 t 
 2 dx   tan 
1 x  2x  5 2 2 0
1
1 1 1 
 2 dx   tan 1 1  tan 1 0 
1 x  2x  5 2 2 

1
1 
 dx 
1 x  2x  5
2
8
2
1 1  2x
8.   x  2x
1
2 

e dx
Ans: Let 2x  t
Differentiating it 2dx  dt ,
2
1 1  2x 1 1 2 2  t
1  x 2x 2 
 e dx      e dt
2 2  t t2 
2
1 1  2x 1
1 1 
    2  e dx     2  e t dt
1 x 2x  2 t t 
1
Let  f  t 
t
1
Then, f '  t    2
t
1
1 1  t 1
2  t  t 2  e dt  2 f  t   f '  t  e dt

t
1
1 1 
    2  e t dt  e t f  t   2
4
2 t t 
4
1
1 1  t  et 
    2  e dt   
2 t t   t 2
1
1 1  t e4 e2
    2  e dt  
2 t t  4 2
2
1 1  2x e2  e2  2 
    2  e dx 
1 x 2x  4
x  x 
1
1 3 3
9. The value of the integral 1 x4

dx
3
A. 6
B. 0
C. 3
D. 4
Ans: Let x  sin 
Differentiating it, dx  cos d


x  x   sin   sin  
1 1
1 3 3 3 3
2

1 x 4
dx   1 sin 4 
cos d
sin 1
3 3
 
 sin   sin  
1 1 2
2
3 3 2
 sin    cos  
3 3
  1 sin 4 
cos d   1 sin 4 
cos d
sin 1 sin 1
3 3
 
 sin   sin  
1 5
2
3 3 2
 cos   3
  sin  4
cos d   5 cosec 2d
sin 1
1
3
sin 1
1
3
sin 
3
 
 sin   sin  
1
3 3
2 2 5
  1 sin  4
cos d    cot  
1
3 cosec 2d
sin 1 sin 1
3 3
Let cot   t
Differentiating it,  cosec2d  dt
 x  x3 3
1
1 0 5

1 x4
dx   t dt
3
2 2
3
 x  x3 3
1
1
3 83
 dx  8
1 x4 8
3
 x  x3 3
1
1
3
 4
dx   16
1 x 8
3
 x  x3 3
1
1
 dx  6
1 x4
3
Thus, the correct answer is A.

x
10. If f  x    t sintdt ,then f '  x  is

0
A. cosx  xsinx
B. xsinx
C. xcos x
D. sinx  xcosx

x
Ans: Given f  x    t sin tdt
0
Using Integration by parts, we get

x x
 d  
f  x   t  sin tdt    t   sin tdt  dt
0 0  dt  
x
 f  x    t   cos t  0    cot tdt

x
 f  x     t  cos t   sin t  0
x
 f  x    x cos x  sin x
Therefore,
f '  x      x sin x  cos x   cos x
 f '  x   x sin x
Thus, the correct answer is B.
Exercise 7.11
Solve the following integrals.


2
 cos
2
1. xdx
0

2
Ans: Given I   cos 2 xdx …(1)
0
We know that,
a a
 f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
0 0


2
 
I   cos 2   x  dx
0 2 

2
 I   sin 2 xdx …(2)
0
Adding equation (1) and (2),


2I    sin 2 x  cos 2 x  dx
2


2
 2I  1dx
0

 2I   x 02

 2I 
2

I
4

2

  cos 2 xdx 
0 4

2
sin x
2. 
0 sin x  cos x
dx

2
sin x
Ans: Given I   dx …(1)
0 sin x  cos x
We know that,
a a
 f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
0 0

 
  x

sin
2
2 
I dx
   
sin   x   cos   x 
0
2  2 

cos x
2
I dx …(2)
0 sin x  cos x

2
sin x  cos x
 2I   dx
0 sin x  cos x

2
 2I  1dx
0

 2I   x 02


 2I 
2

I
4

2
sin x 
 dx 
0 sin x  cos x 4
 3
2
sin 2 xdx
3.  3 3
0
sin x  cos x
2 2
 3
2
sin xdx
2
Ans: Given I   3 3 …(1)
0
sin x  cos x
2 2
We know that,
a a
 f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
0 0

2 
3
 
  x  dx

sin
2 
2
I 3
  3
 
0
sin 2   x   cos 2   x 
2  2 
 3
2
cos xdx 2
I 3 3 …(2)
sin x  cos x
0 2 2

 3 3
2
sin x  cos x
2 2
 2I   3 3 dx
0
sin x  cos x
2 2

2
 2I  1dx
0

 2I   x 02

 2I 
2

I
4

 3
2
sin xdx 2

 3 3 
0
sin x  cos x
2 2 4
cos 5 xdx
2
4.  5
0 sin x  cos x
5
cos5 xdx 2
Ans: Given I   5 …(1)
0 sin x  cos x
5
We know that,
a a
 f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
0 0

 

cos5   x  dx
2 
2
I
   
0
sin 5   x   cos5   x 
2  2 

sin 5 xdx
2
I 5 …(2)
0 sin x  cos x
5


sin 5 x  cos 5 x
2
 2I   5 dx
0 sin x  cos x
5

2
 2I  1dx
0

 2I   x  2
0

 2I 
2

I
4

2
cos 5 xdx 
 5 
0 sin x  cos x
5
4
5.  x  2dx
5

5
Ans: Let I   x  2dx
5
Since,  x  2   0 for interval  5, 2 .

Therefore,  x  2   0 for interval  2,5 .
b c b
As,  f  x dx   f  x dx   f  x  dx
a a c
2 5
Hence,    x  2 dx    x  2  dx
5 2
.
Thus,
2 5
I     x  2 dx    x  2  dx
5 2
2 5
x 2
  x2 
    2x     2x 
2  5  2  2
  2 2
 5 
2
   5 2  2 
2

   2  2   2  5      2  5   2  2  
 2 2   2 2 
 25   25 
  2  4   10     10  2  4 
 2  2 
25 25
 2  4   10   10  2  4
2 2
 29
8
6.  x  5dx
2
8
Ans: Let I   x  5dx
2
Since,  x  5   0 for interval  2,5 .

Therefore,  x  5   0 for interval 5,8 .
b c b
As,  f  x dx   f  x dx   f  x  dx

a a c
5 8
Hence,    x  5dx    x  5 dx .
2 5
Thus,
5 8
I     x  5dx    x  5  dx
2 5

5 8
 x2   x2 
    5x     5x 
2 2  2 5
  5 2
 2
2
   8 2  5
2

   5  5   5  2     5 8   5  5 
 2 2   2 2 
 25   25 
    25  2  10   32  40   25
2   2 
25 25
   25  2  10  32  40   25
2 2
9
1
 x 1  x  dx
n
7.
0
1
Ans: Let I   x 1  x  dx
n
Thus, I   1  x  1  1  x   dx
1
n
0
a a
Since,  f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx .
1 0
Therefore,
1
 1  x  x  dx
n
0
1
   x n  x n 1  dx
0
1
 x n 1 x n2 
  
 n  1 n  2 0
 1 1 
 
 n  1 n  2 

 n  2    n  1
 n  1 n  2 
1

 n  1 n  2 

4
8.  log  1  tan x  dx
0


4
Ans: Let I   log 1  tan x  dx
0
a a
Since,  f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
0 0

 4
 
Therefore, I   log 1  tan   x   dx
0  4 
   
4
 tan  tan x 
  log 1  4
  dx
0
 1  tan tan x 
 4 

4
 1  tan x 
  log 1   dx
0  1  tan x 

4
2
  log dx
0 1  tan x
 
4 4
  log 2dx   log 1  tan x dx
0 0

4
  log 2dx  I
0

2I   x log 204

2I  log 2
4

I  log 2
8
2
9. x
0
2  xdx
2
Ans: Let I   x 2  xdx

0
a a
Since,  f  x dx   f  a  x dx

0 0
2
Therefore, I    2  x  xdx
0

2
  2x1 2  x 3 2 dx
0
2
  x3 2  x5 2 
 2   
  3 2  5 2 0
2
4 2 
  x3 2  x5 2 
3 5 0
4 32 2 52
  2   2
3 5
8 2 8 2
 
3 5
40 2  24 2

15
16 2

15

2
10.   2log sin x  log sin 2x  dx
0

2
Ans: Let I    2log sin x  log sin 2x  dx
0

 I    2logsin x  log  2sin x cos x   dx

2
0

2
 I    2log sin x  log sin x  log cos x  log 2  dx
0

2
 I    logsin x  log cos x  log 2  dx …….(1)
0
Since,
a a
 f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
0 0
Therefore,

2
 I    log cos x  logsin x  log 2  dx …….(2)
0
On adding equation 1 and 2-


2
2I     log 2  log 2  dx
0

2
 2I  2log 2  dx
0

 I   log 2  
2

 I    log 2
2

 I    log 2
2
  1
 I  log 
2  2
 1
 I  log
2 2

2
 sin
2
11. xdx

2

2
Ans: Let I   sin 2 xdx

2
Since, sin 2 x is an even function.

 
2 2
 sin xdx  2  sin 2 xdx

2
Therefore ,
 0
2
a a
As if f  x  is an even function, then  f  x  dx  2 f  x  dx .
a 0
Hence,

2
I  2  sin 2 xdx
0

2
1  cos 2x
 2 dx
0 2


2
  1  cos 2x  dx
0

 sin2x  2
 x 
 2  0


2

x
12.  1  sin x dx
0

x
Ans: Let I   dx …….(1)
0 1  sin x
a a
Since,  f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
0 0
Therefore, I  

   x  dx
0 1  sin x    x 
I

   x  dx …..(2)
0 1  sin x


2I   dx
0 1  sin x
 2I   

1  sin x  dx
0 1  sin x   1  sin x 
 2I  

1  sin x  dx
0 cos 2 x

 2I   sec2 x  tan xsec x dx

0
 2I    2
I

2
 sin
7
13. xdx .

2


2
Ans: Let I   sin 7 xdx

2
Since, sin 7 x is an even function.


2
 sin xdx  0
2
Therefore ,

2
a
As if f  x  is an odd function, then  f  x  dx  0 .
a
Hence, I  0
2
 cos
5
14. xdx .
0
Ans: Let
2
I   cos5 xdx
0
cos  2  x   cos5 x …..(1)

5
2a a
If f  2a  x   f  x  then  f  x  dx  2 f  x  dx .
0 0
2a
If f  2a  x   f  x  then  f  x  dx  0
0
Since, cos    x    cos x

5 5
Therefore,
2
I  2  cos5 xdx
0
 I  2  0
I0

2
sin x  cos x
15.  1  sin xcos x dx
0

2
sin x  cos x
Ans: Let I   dx ……(1)
0 1  sin x cos x
Since,
a a
 f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
0 0
Therefore,

   

sin   x   cos   x 
2  2  dx
2
I
   
0
1  sin   x  cos   x 
2  2 

cos x  sin x
2
I dx ……(2)
0 1  cos x sin x
On adding equation 1 and 2


2
0
 2I   dx
0 1  cos x sin x
I0

16.  log  1  cos x  dx

0
Ans: Let

I   log 1  cos x  dx …….(1)

0
Since,
a a
 f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
0 0
Therefore,

 I   log 1  cos    x   dx
0

 I   log 1  cos x  dx …….(2)

0


2I   log 1  cos x   log 1  cos x dx

0

 2I   log 1  cos 2 x  dx
0

 2I   logsin 2 xdx
0

 2I  2 logsin xdx
0

 I   logsin xdx …..(3)

0
Since, sin    x   sin x


2
Therefore, I   log sin xdx ……(4)
0


2

 I  2  logsin   x  dx
0 2 

2
 I  2  log cos xdx …….(5)
0


2
2I    log sin x  log cos x  dx
0

2
 I    logsin x  log cos x  log 2  log 2  dx
0

2
 I    log 2sin x cos x  log 2  dx
0
 
2 2
 I    log 2sin x cos x  dx   log 2dx
0 0
Let 2x  t
On differentiating-
2dx  dt
If x  0 then t  0 .
Thus,
I 
 I   log 2
2 2
I 
   log 2
2 2
 I   log 2
a
x
17. 
0 x  ax
dx
a
x
Ans: Let I   dx …….(1)
0 x  ax
Since,
a a
 f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
0 0

Therefore,
a
ax
I dx …….(2)
0 ax  x
a
x  ax
2I   dx
0 ax  x
a
 2I   dx
0
 2I   x 0
a
 2I  a
a
I
2
4
18.  x  1 dx
0
4
Ans: Let I   x  1 dx
0
Thus,  x  1  0 when 0  x  1 and  x  1  0 when 1  x  4

b c b
Since,  f  x dx   f  x  dx   f  x 
a a c
1 4
Therefore, I   x  1dx   x  1 dx
0 1
1 4
 I     x  1dx    x  1 dx
0 1
1 4
 x  x 2
 2
 x      x 
 2 0  2 1
1  4
2
1
1   4  1
2 2 2
1 1
1  8  4  1
2 2
5
a a
19. Show that  f  x  g  x dx  2 f  x dx , if f and g are defined as

0 0
f  x   f  a  x  and g  x   g  a  x   4 .

a
Ans: Let  f  x g  x  dx …….(1)
0
Since,
a a
 f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
0 0
Therefore,
a
  f  a  x g  a  x  dx
0
a
  f  x g  a  x  dx ……(2)
0

2I   f  x  g  x   f  x  g  a  x dx
a
 2I   f  x g  x   g  a  x dx
a
As, g  x   g  a  x   4 .
Thus,
a
 2I   4f  x  dx
0
a
 I  2 f  x  dx
0
a a
Hence,  f  x  g  x dx  2 f  x dx , if f and g are defined as f  x   f  a  x  and
0 0
g  x   g a  x   4 .
 x  xcos x  tan 5 x  1 dx is
2
3
20. The value of

2
a. 0
b. 2
c. 
d. 1

 x  x cos x  tan 5 x  1 dx
2
Ans: Let I  3

2

   
  x  dx    x cos x  dx    tan x  dx   1 dx

2 2 2 2
I 3 5
   
2 2 2 2
a a
If f  x  is an even function, then  f  x  dx  2 f  x dx
a 0
a
And f  x  is an odd function, then  f  x  dx  0
a
Thus,

2
I  0  0  0  2  dx
0

 2 x 2
0

 2 
2

Hence, the correct option is C.

 4  3sin x 
2
21. The value of    dx is
0  4  3cos x 
a. 2
3
b.
4
c. 0
d. 2

 4  3sin x 
2
Ans: Let I     dx …..(1)
0  4  3cos x 
Since,
a a
 f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
0 0
Therefore,
  

2
4  3sin   x 
 I    2   dx
0  
 4  3cos   x
 2 


 4  3cos x 
2
 I    dx …….(2)
0  4  3sin x 


2
2I   log1dx
0

2
 2I   0dx
0
I0
Hence, the correct option is C.
Miscellaneous Exercise
1
1.
x  x3
1
Ans: Given
x  x3
1 1
So, 
xx 3
x 1  x 2 
1

x 1  x 1  x 
1 A B C
Let    …….(1)
x 1  x 1  x  x 1  x  1  x
 1  A 1  x 2   Bx 1  x   Cx 1  x 
 1  A  Ax 2  Bx  Bx 2  Cx  Cx 2
On equating the coefficients of x 2 , x and constant term –
A  B  C  0
BC 0
A 1
1 1
Thus, we get A  1,B  and C  
2 2
By equation 1-
1 1 1 1
  
x 1  x 1  x  x 2 1  x  2 1  x 
1 1 1 1 1 1
 dx   dx   dx   dx
x 1  x 1  x  x 2 1  x  2 1  x 

1 1
 log x  log 1  x   log 1  x 
2 2
1 1
1 1
 log x  log 1  x   log 1  x  2
2
2 2
 
 x C
 log
 1  x 12 1  x 12 
   
1
 x 2 2

 log  C
 1  x 2  
 
1  x 2
 log  2 
C
2 1 x 
1
2.
xa  xb
1
Ans: Given
xa  xb
1 xa  xb
 
xa  xb xa  xb
xa  xb

 x  a    x  b
xa  xb

ab

xa  xb
1
dx 
1
ab
 
 x  a  x  b dx
 3 3 
1   x  a   x  b2 
2
  
ab 3 3 

 2 2 
2  x  a 32  x  b 32   C
    
3 a  b   
1  a
3.  Hint: x= t 
x ax  x 2  
Ans: Given

1
x ax  x 2
a
Let x 
t
On differentiating-
a
dx   2 dt
t
1 1  a 
 dx   2 
 2 dt 
x ax  x 2 a a a  t 
a.   
t t t
1 1
  . dt
at 1 1

t t2
1 1
  2 dt
a t t2

t t2
1 1
  dt
a t 1
1
   2 t  1  C
a
Substituting value of t-
1 a 
  2  1  C
a x 
2 ax
  C
a x 
2 ax
  C
a x 
1
4. Integrate the expression: .
x  x +1
3
2 4 4
Ans:
1
The given expression is, .
x  x  1
3
2 4 4

On multiplying and dividing by x 3 , the following can be obtained as shown
below,
x  1 x  1
-3 -3 -3 -3
1  x4  1  4 1 
-3 4 4
x -3
x 4 4
1 4
   5  4   5 1  4 
x  1 x x  x  x 
3 -3
2
x .x -3 4 4 x 2 - x -3 5 4 4 x  x 
1
Now, consider t
x4
4 dt
 
x 5 dx
dx dt
 5 
x 4
-3
1 1 1  1 3
 
4
 dx   5 
1  4 
dx   1  t 4 dt
x 2  x 4  1 4 x  x 
3
4
 1 
1    C   1  1  4  C ,
1
1  1  t 4 
 dx     4 
where C is any
x 2  x 4  1 4  x 
3
4  1 
 4 
arbitrary constant.
1 1 1
5. Integrate the expression: . [Hint: = Put, x=t 6
 
1 1 1 1 1 1
x +x
2 3
x +x
2 3
x  1+x 
3 6
 
1
Ans: The given expression is, 1 1 .
x x 2 3
Observe the given hint and obtain as shown below,

1 1
 1 1 
3 
1 1
x x
2 3
x 1  x 6 
 
Consider x  t 6
 x  t 6  dx  6t 5
1 1 6t 5 t3
 1 dx   1 dx   t 2 1  t  dt  6  1  t  dt

1 1
x2  x3 x 3 1  x 6 
 
Now on dividing, we can obtain as shown below,

 1 
dx  6   t 2  t  1 
1
 1 1
 1  t
 dt

x x
2 3
 t 3   t 2  
 6        t  log 1  t  dt
 3   2  
1 1 1
 1

 2x 2  3x 3  6x 6  6log 1  x 6   C
 
1 1
 1

 2 x  3x 3  6x 6  6log 1  x 6   C , where C is any arbitrary constant.
 
5x
(x+1)  x 2 +9 
5x
Ans: The given expression is, .
(x  1)  x 2  9 
Now consider it as shown below,
5x A Bx  C
   ...1
(x  1)  x 2  9   x  1  x 2  9 
 5x  A  x 2  9   Bx  C  x  1
 5x  Ax 2  9A  Bx 2  Bx  Cx  C
On equating the coefficients of x 2 , x and constant term, it can be obtained that,
A  B  0 ... 2 
B  C  5 ... 3
9A  C  0 ... 4 
And on solving these equations, the values of A,B,C can be obtained as,
1 1 9
A  ,B  ,C  respectively.
2 2 2
Now, from equation 1 it can be clearly obtained that,
5x  1 x  9 
 (x  1)  x 2  9  dx   2  x  1 2  x 2  9   dx
 
 
1 1 x 9 1
 log x  1   2 dx   2 dx
2 2 x 9 2 x 9
1 1  9  1  x
 log x  1  log x 2  9     tan 1  
2 4  2  3  3

1 1 3 x
 log x  1  log x 2  9  tan 1    C , where C is any arbitrary
2 4 2 3
constant.
sinx
7. Integrate the expression, that is, .
sin  x-α 
sin x
sin  x   
Now, substitute x    t
dx  dt
sin x sin  t    sin t cos   cos tsin
 dx   dt   dt
sin  x    sin t sin t
  cos   cot tsindt
sin x
 dx  t cos   sin  log sin t  C1   x    cos 
sin  x   
 sin  log sin  x     C1
sin x
 dx  x cos   sin  log sin  x      cos   C1
sin  x   
 x cos   sin  log sin  x     C
where C1 ,C are any arbitrary constants and C  C1   cos  .
e5logx -e4logx
8. Integrate the expression, that is, 3logx 2logx .
e -e
5log x 4log x
e -e
Ans: The given expression is, 3log x 2log x .
e -e
e5log x - e4log x e  e  1
4log x log x
 3log x 2log x  2log x log x  e2log x  x 2

e -e e  e  1
Now, integrate the given expression as shown below
e5log x - e4log x x3
  3log x 2log x dx   x dx   C , where C is any arbitrary constant.
2
e -e 3
cosx
4-sin 2 x

cos x
4 - sin 2 x
Now, substitute sin x  t
cos xdx  dt
cos x dt 1  t  1  sin x 
 dx    sin    C  sin    C , where C is
4 - sin 2 x  2   t   2   2 
2 2
any arbitrary constant.
sin8 x-cos8 x
1-2sin 2 xcos 2 x
sin 8 x - cos8 x
1- 2sin 2 x cos 2 x

sin 8 x - cos8 x

 sin 4 x - cos 4 x  sin 4 x  cos 4 x 
1- 2sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x  cos 2 x - sin 2 x cos 2 x  sin 2 x cos 2 x

 sin 2 x  cos 2 x  sin 2 x - cos 2 x  sin 4 x  cos 4 x 
sin 2 x 1  cos 2 x   cos 2 x 1  sin 2 x 
   sin 2 x  cos 2 x  sin 4 x  cos 4 x 
   cos 2x
sin 4 x  cos 4 x
sin 8 x - cos8 x  sin 2x
 2 2
dx    cos 2xdx   C , where C is any arbitrary
1- 2sin x cos x 2
constant.
1
cos  x+a  cos  x+b 
1
cos  x  a  cos  x  b 
On multiplying and dividing by sin      , the following can be obtained as
shown below,
1  sin  a  b  
 
sin  a  b   cos  x  a  cos  x  b  
1  sin  x  a    x  b   
  
sin  a  b   cos  x  a  cos  x  b  

1  sin  x  a  cos  x  b   cos  x  a  sin  x  b  
  
sin  a  b   cos  x  a  cos  x  b  
1  sin(x  a) sin  x  b   1
     tan(x  a)  tan(x  b) 
sin  a  b   cos(x  a) cos(x  b)  sin(a  b)
1 1

cos  x  a  cos  x  b 
dx 
sin(a  b)
  tan(x  a)  tan(x  b)  dx
1 1  cos(x  b) 
 dx   log   C , where C is any
cos  x  a  cos  x  b  sin(a  b)  cos(x  a) 
arbitrary constant.
x3
1-x 8
x3
1- x 8
Now, substitute x 4  t
 4x 3dx  dt
x3
sin  x   C , where C is any
1 dt 1 -1 1 -1 4
 dx    sin t  C 
1- x 8 4 1-  t 2 4 4
arbitrary constant.
ex
 1+e  2+e 
x x
ex
1  e  2  e 
x x
Now, substitute e x  t
 e x dx  dt
ex dt  1 1 
 dx       dt
1  e  2  e 
x x
 t  1 t  2    t  1  t  2  
ex ex  1
 dx  log t  1  log t  2  C  log x  C , where C is
1  ex  2  ex  e 2

1
14. Integrate the expression, .
(x +1)  x 2 +4 
2
1
(x  1)  x 2  4 
2

1 Ax  B Cx  D
 2   ...1
(x  1)  x 2  4   x 2  1  x 2  4 
 1   Ax  B  x 2  4    Bx  C   x 2  9 
 1  Ax 3  4Ax  Bx 2  4B  Cx 3  Cx  Dx 2  D
On equating the coefficients of x 3 , x 2 , x and constant term, it can be obtained that,
A  C  0 ... 2 
B  D  0 ... 3
4A  C  0 ... 4 
4B  D  1 ... 5 
And on solving these equations, the values of A,B,C,D can be obtained as,
1 1
A  0,B  ,C  0,D  respectively.
3 3
1 1  1 1 
 (x 2  1)  x 2  4  dx     dx
3   x 2  1  x 2  4  
1 1 x
 tan 1 x  tan 1  C
3  3 2  2
1 1 x
 tan 1 x  tan 1  C , where C is any arbitrary constant.
3 6 2
15. Integrate the expression, that is, cos 3 xelogsinx .

Ans: The given expression is, cos3 xelogsin x .
Observe as shown below,
 cos3 xelogsin x  cos3 x sin x
Now, consider cosx  t
t 4  cos 4 x
  cos xe
3 logsin x
dx   cos x sin xdx    t dt 
3 3
C  C , where C is
4 4

16. Integrate the expression, that is, e3logx  x4 +1 .
-1
Ans: The given expression is, e3log x  x 4  1 .

-1
Observe as shown below,

x3
 e  x  1  4
3log x 4 -1
 x  1
Now, consider x 4  1  t
 4x 3dx  dt
x3 log x 4  1
  e  x  1 dx   4
-1 1 dt 1
3log x 4
dx    log t  C   C , where C
x 1 4 t 4 4
is any arbitrary constant.
17. Integrate the expression, that is, f'  ax+b   f(ax+b) .

n
Ans: The given expression is, f '  ax  b   f (ax  b)  .

n
Now, consider  f (ax  b)   t

 af '(ax  b)dx  dt
f (ax  b)
n 1
1 t n 1
  f '  ax  b  f (ax  b)  dx   t n dt  C  C , where
n
a a  n  1 a  n  1
C is any arbitrary constant.
1
sin 3 xsin  x+α 
1
sin 3 x sin  x   
1 1
 
sin 3 x sin  x    sin 3 x sin x cos   cos  sin x
1

sin 4 x cos   sin 3 x sin  cos x
1 cosec 2 x
 
sin 2 x cos   sin  cot x cos   sin  cot x
Now, substitute cos   sin  cot x  t
 cosec2 x sin dx  dt

1 cosec 2 x 1 dt 2 t
 dx      C
sin 3 x sin  x    cos   sin  cot x sin  t sin 
1 2 cos   sin  cot x
 dx  C ,
sin x sin  x   
3
sin 
2 sin  cos x
 cos   C
sin  sin x
where C is any arbitrary constant.
sin-1 x-cos-1 x
19. Integrate the expression, that is, ,x   0,1 .
sin-1 x +cos-1 x
sin -1 x - cos-1 x
Ans: The given expression is, , x   0,1 .
sin -1 x  cos-1 x
sin -1 x - cos-1 x
Assume, I   dx
sin -1 x  cos-1 x

It is clearly known to us that, sin -1 x  cos-1 x 
2

 2cos 1 x 2  2 
 4
I   2 dx     2cos 1 x  dx  .  dx   cos 1 xdx
  2   2 
2
4
 I  x   cos 1 xdx ...1

Assume, I1   cos 1 xdx
Also, substitute x t
dx  2tdt
 1 t 2  1  t 2  2  t2 
 I1   cos xdx  2 cos t.   
1
2 
dt   t cos t   
1
2 
dt
 2  1  t  2   1  t 
 1  t 
 I1  t 2 cos 1 t   1  t 2 dt    2 
dt  t 2 cos 1 t  1  t 2  sin 1 t
 1 t  2 2

4 2 t  1 
Ix t cos 1
t  1  t 2
 sin t 
  2 2 
4 x  1 
x  x cos 1
x  1  x  sin x 
 2 2 
4   1  
 I  x   x   sin 1 x   x  x 2  sin 1 x 
 2  2 2 
2

 I   x   2x  1 sin 1 x  
   2
x  x2  C
2  2x  1 1 2
I sin x  x  x 2  C , where C is any arbitrary constant.
 
1- x
1+ x
1- x
1 x
1- x
1 x
Now, substitute x  cos 2 
dx  2sin  cos dt

1- cos  2sin 2
I    2sin  cos   d    2 sin 2d

1  cos  2cos 2
2

   tan 2sin  cos d
2

sin
 I  2 2 2sin  cos  cos d  4 sin 2  (2cos 2   1)d
 2 2
 2 2
cos
2
    
 I  8 sin 2 cos 2 d  4 sin 2 d  2 sin 2 d  4 sin 2 d
2 2 2 2 2
 1  cos 2   1  cos     sin 2    sin  
 I  2   d  4    d  2     4  C
 2   2  2 2  2 2 
sin 2
 I     2sin   C    1  cos 2  cos   2 1  cos 2   C
2
 I  cos 1 x  x(1  x)  2 1  x  C  2 1  x  cos 1 x  x  x 2  C ,
where C is any arbitrary constant.
2+sin2x x
21. Integrate the expression, that is, e .
1+cos2x
2  sin 2x x
Ans: The given expression is, e .
1  cos 2x
2  sin 2x x
Assume, I   e dx
1  cos 2x
2  2sin x cos x x  1  sin x cos x  x
I e dx     e dx    sec x  tan x  e dx
2 x
 
2 2
2cos x cos x
Now, consider f  x   tan x
 f '  x   sec 2 xdx
2  sin 2x x
I   e dx    f  x   f '  x   e x dx  e x f  x   C  e x tan x  C , where
1  cos 2x
C is any arbitrary constant.
x 2 +x+1
(x+1)2  x+2 
x2  x  1
(x  1) 2  x  2 
x2  x  1 A B C
    ...1
(x  1)  x  2   x  1  x  1  x  2 
2
 x 2  x  1  A  x  1 x  2   B  x  2   C  x  1
2
 x 2  x  1  A  x 2  3x  2   B  x  2   C  x 2  2x  1
 x 2  x  1   A  C  x 2  x  3A  B  2C    2A  2B  C 
A  C  1 ... 2 
3A  B  2C  1 ... 3
2A  2B  C  1 ... 4 
A  2,B  1,C  3 respectively.

x2  x  1 
 2 1 3  
 (x  1)2  x  2  dx    x  1  x  1  x  2   dx
  

 

1 1 1
 2 dx   2 dx  3 dx
x 1  x  1 x2
1
 2log x  1  3log x  2   C , where C is any arbitrary constant.
(x  1)
1-x
23. Integrate the expression, that is, tan -1 .
1+x
1- x
Ans: The given expression is, tan -1 .
1 x
1- x
Assume, I   tan -1 dx
1 x
Now, consider x  cos 
dx   sin d

1- cos  2sin 2
 I   tan -1   sin   d    tan 1 2 sin d

1  cos  2cos 2
2

   tan 1 tan sin d
2
1 1 1
 I     sin d      cos    1.( cos )d      cos    sin  
2 2 2
x
2
1
2
1
 
 I  cos 1 x  1  x 2  C  x cos 1 x  1  x 2  C , where C is any
2
arbitrary constant.
x 2 +1  log  x 2 +1 -2logx 

x4
x 2  1 log  x 2  1 - 2log x 
x4

x 2  1 log  x 2  1 - 2log x 
x4
x2  1 x 2  1   x 2  1 
I
x4 
 log  x 2
 1 - log x 2

  log
x 4   x 2  

1 x2  1   1 
 3  log 1  2  
x x   x 
2
1
Consider 1  2  t
x
2
 3 dx  dt
x
x 2  1 log  x 2  1 - 2log x  1 x2  1   1 
I   dx   3  log 1  2   dx
x 4
x x   x 
2
1 1
  t 2 log tdt  C
2
Using integration by parts, it can be obtained that,
 3 3 
1  1
  d  1
   1  t 2
1 t 2

I  log t. t 2 dt   log t   t 2 dt  dt   log t.   . dt 
2   dt    2  3 t 3 
 2 2 
1  2 3 2 1  1 3 2 3 1 3  2
 I   t 2 log t   t 2 dt   t 2 log t  t 2  t 2 log t  
2 3 3  3 9 3  3
1  2 3
2 1
 1 3
2 3
1  3
2
 I   t 2 log t   t 2 dt   t 2 log t  t 2  t 2 log t  
2 3 3  3 9 3  3
1  1   1  2
 I  1  2   log 1  2     C , where C is any arbitrary constant.
2  x   x  3 
π  1-sinx 
25. Find the value of the expression, that is,  π
2
ex   dx .
 1-cosx 
  1  sin x 
Ans: The given expression is, 
2
ex   dx .
 1  cos x 
  1  sin x 
Assume, I   e x   dx
2  1  cos x 

 x x  2 x 
 1  2sin cos cosec

 I   e x  2 2  dx   e x  2  cot x  dx
x   
2 2

2
 2sin 2  2

 2   
x
Now, substitute f  x    cot
2
 1 x 1 x
 f '  x      cosec 2  dx  cosec 2 dx
 2 2 2 2

 x
 I   e  f (x)  f '(x)  dx  e f (x)    e x cot 
 x x 
2 2  2 
2
     
 
 I  e  cot  e 2 cot   0  e 2   e 2
 2 4  
π
sinxcosx
26. Find the value of the expression, that is,  0
4
sin 4 x+cos4 x
dx .

sin x cos x
Ans: The given expression is,  0
4
sin 4 x  cos 4 x
dx .

sin x cos x
Assume, I   4
dx
sin 4 x  cos 4 x
0
sin x cos x
 
cos 4
x tan x sec 2 x
 I  04
dx  0 4
dx
sin 4 x  cos 4 x 1  tan 4 x
cos 4 x
Now, substitute tan 2 x  t
 2 tan x sec2 xdx  dt

And also when x  0, t  0 and when x  , t  1 .
4
1 1 dt 1 1 1  
  tan 1 1  tan 1  0      
1
 I  0  
 tan 1
t 

2 1 t 2
2 0
2 2 4  8
π
cos 2 x
27. Find the value of the expression, that is,  0
2
cos 2 x+4sin 2 x
dx .

cos 2 x
Ans: The given expression is,  0
2
cos 2 x  4sin 2 x
dx .

cos2 x
Assume, I   2
dx
0
cos 2 x  4sin 2 x


cos 2 x 1 2 4  4  3cos 2 x
I 2
dx  0 dx
0
cos 2 x  4 1  cos 2 x  3 3cos 2 x  4
1 2 4  3cos 2 x 1 2 4 1 2 1 2 4sec2 x
 I   0 dx  0 dx   0 dx  0 dx
3 4  3cos 2 x 3 4  3cos 2 x 3 3 4sec 2 x  3
1 2 1 2 4sec 2 x  2 2 2sec 2 x
 I   x 0  0 dx    dx ...1
3 3 4 1  tan 2 x   3 6 3 0 1  4 tan 2 x 

2sec 2 x
Observe, 
0
2
1  4 tan 2 x 
dx
Now, substitute 2tan x  t

 2sec2 xdx  dt

And also when x  0, t  0 and when x  , t   .
2

2sec x2
dt 
    tan 1     tan 1  0   
 
 02 dx   dx  
 tan 1
t 

1  4 tan x 
2 0
1  t 
2 0
2
Henceforth from equation 1 , it can be obtained that,
 2   2 
I     
6 3 2  6 6 6
π
sinx+cosx
28. Find the value of the expression, that is,  π
6
2
sin2x
dx .

sin x  cos x
Ans: The given expression is,  
6
2
sin 2x
dx .

sin x  cos x
Assume, I  2 dx
6 sin 2x

sin x  cos x 
sin x  cos x
I 2
dx   2
dx
  1  1  2sin x cos x  1   sin 2 x  cos 2 x  2sin x cos x 
0 0

sin x  cos x
 I  02 dx
1   sin x  cos x 
2
Now, substitute  sin x  cos x   t

 (sin x  cos x)dx  dt
 1 3    3 1
And also when x  , t    and when x  , t   .
6  2  3  2 

3 1 3 1
dt dt
 I  1 23    21 3
2 1  t2 


2  1  t2
1 1 1
As  , it can be thus obtained that is an even function,
1   t  1  t2 1  t2
2
  a f  x  dx  2 0 f  x  dx
a a
3 1
dt 3 1  3 1  1 3 
 I  20 2
  2sin 1 t  0 2  2sin 1   x  , t    and
1  t2  2  6  2 
  3 1
when x  , t   .
3  2 
dx

1
29. Find the value of the expression, that is, 0
.
1+x- x
dx

1
0
1 x - x
dx
Assume, I  0
1
1 x - x
1 1 x  x 1 1 x  x
 I  0 dx  0
1
 dx
1 x - x 1 x  x 1 x  x
2 1 1
2  2  32  2  23  2 4 2
 I  0 1  xdx  0 xdx  1  x     x     2   1  
1 1
3
3 0 3  0 3   3 3
π
sinx+cosx
30. Find the value of the expression, that is, 0
4
9+16sin2x
dx .

sin x  cos x
Ans: The given expression is, 
0
4
9  16sin 2x
dx .
sin x  cos x

Assume, I   4
dx
9  16sin 2x
0
Now, substitute sin x  cos x  t

  cos x  sin x  dx  dt

And also when x  0, t  1 and when x  , t  0 .
4
 sin x  cos x   t
2 2
 1  2sin x cos x  t 2
 1  sin 2x  t 2

 sin 2x  1  t 2
dt dt dt
 I  1  1  1 2
0 0 0
9  16 1  t  25  16t  5   4t 
2 2 2
0
1 1 5  4t  1  1 1
I  log   log 1  log   log 9
4  2  5 5  4t  1 40  9  40
π
2
sin2xtan -1  sinx  dx .

0
2
sin 2x tan 1  sin x  dx .

Assume, I  02 sin 2x tan 1  sin x  dx
 
 I  02 sin 2x tan 1  sin x  dx  02 2sin x cos x tan 1  sin x  dx
Now, substitute sin x  t
cos xdx  dt

And also when x  0, t  0 and when x  , t  1 .
2
 I  20 t tan  t  dt
1 1
Observe,  t tan 1  t  dt
 d  tan 1 t   t2 1 t2
  t tan  t  dt  tan t  tdt   
1 1
 
tdt dt  tan 1
t.   1  t 2 . 2 dt
 dt  2
2
t tan t1
t 1 1
2 2
t tan t 1
1 t 2 tan 1 t 1 1
  dt   1dt   dt   t  tan 1 t
2 1 t 2
2 1 t 2
2 2 2
1
 t tan t 1
2 1
1  1    1
 0 t.tan 1 tdt  
1
 t  tan 1 t     1    
 2 2 2 0 2  4 4 4 2
Henceforth from equation 1 , it can be obtained that,
 1 
I  2     1
2 2 2
π xtanx
secx+tanx
dx .
x tan x
dx ...1 .

0
sec x  tan x
 x tan x
Assume, I  0 dx
sec x  tan x
   x  tan    x  dx  f x dx  f a  x dx 
       

 I  0
a a
sec    x   tan    x  0 0
    x  tan  x     x  tan  x  dx ... 2

 
 
I dx  
(sec  x   tan  x )
0
sec  x   tan  x 
0
Now, on adding equations 1 and  2  , it can be obtained that,

sin x
 x tan x 
cos x  sin x
2I  0 dx  0 dx   0 dx
sec x  tan x 1

sin x 1  sin x
cos x cos x
 sin x  1  1 1  1  sin x
dx   x 0  0
  
 2I  0 dx  0 dx  0 dx
1  sin x 1  sin x cos 2 x
 2I    x 0  0  sec 2 x  tan x sec x  dx  2    tan x  sec x 0
  
 2I  2   0   1  0  1  2  2

    2
I
2

4
33. Find the value of the expression, that is,  x-1 + x-2 + x-3  dx .
1
Ans: The given expression is, 1  x  1  x  2  x  3  dx .

4

4
Assume, 1
 x  1  x  2  x  3  dx
 I  1 x  1 dx  1 x  2 dx  1 x  3 dx
4 4 4
 I  I1  I 2  I3 ...1
where, I1  1 x  1 dx,I 2  1 x  2 dx,I3   1 x  3 dx
4 4 4
Now, consider, I1  1 x  1 dx , where  x  1  0 1  x  4

4
4
 x2   1  9
 I1  1  x  1 dx    x   8  4   1  ... 2 
4
2 1  2  2
Again, consider, I 2  1 x  2 dx , where  x  2   0  2  x  4 and
4
 x  2   0 1  x  2 .
4 4
 x2   x2 
 I 2  1  2  x  dx  2  x  2  dx   2x      2x 
2 4
 2 1  2 2
 1 1 5
 I 2   4  2  2    8  8  2  4   2  ...  3
 2 2 2

Also, consider, I3  1 x  3 dx , where  x  3  0  3  x  4 and
4
 x  3  0 1  x  3 .
3 4
 x2   x2 
 I3  1  3  x  dx  3  x  3 dx  3      3x 
3 4
 2 1  2 3
 9 1  9  1 5
 I3  9   3    8  12   9   2   ... 4 
 2 2  2  2 2
Now, from equations 1 ,  2  ,  3 and  4  it can be obtained that,
9 5 5 19
I   
2 2 2 2
 sin x  1  1 1  1  sin x
dx   x 0  0
  
 2I  0 dx  0 dx  0 dx
1  sin x 1  sin x cos 2 x
 2I    x 0  0  sec 2 x  tan x sec x  dx  2    tan x  sec x 0
  
 2I  2   0   1  0  1  2  2

    2
I
2
dx 2 2

3
34. Prove the following equation: = +log .
x  x+1 3
1 2
3
dx 2 2
Ans: The given equation is, 1 2
3
  log .
x  x  1 3 3
dx
Assume, 1 2
3
x  x  1
1 A B C
 2   2 ...1
x  x  1 x x  x  1
 1  Ax  x  1  B  x  1  C  x 2 
 1  Ax 2  Ax  Bx  B  Cx 2
A  C  0 ... 2 
A  B  0 ... 3
B  1 ... 4 
A  1,B  1,C  1 respectively.

dx 3
 1 1 1  
I  1 
3
     dx
x  x  1 1 
2
 x x 2
 x  1 

3
   x 1 1 
3
 1 4 1
 I    log x   log  x  1   log      log     log  2   1
 x  1   x  x 1 3 3
2 2 2 2
 I  log 4  log3  log 2   log 2  log3   log   
3 3 3 3
Henceforth, it can be clearly proved.

4
35. Prove the following equation: 0
xe xdx=1 .

4
Ans: The given equation is, 0
xe x dx  1 .
Assume, I  0 xe x dx
4

 d  x   x 
4  x 1 x 1
I  x 0 e x dx  0  
4
e     0   0  e  e  1  1
 xe    e

 dx  


-1
36. Prove the following equation: 1
x17cos 4 xdx=0 .
1
Ans: The given equation is, 1
x17 cos 4 xdx  0 .
1
Assume, I  1 x17 cos 4 xdx
Now, consider f (x)  x17 cos 4 x
 f  x    x  cos 4  x   x17 cos 4 x  f  x 
17
 f  x  is an odd function and henceforth it is clearly known to us that when

 f  x  dx  0 .
a
f (x) is an odd function, then a
1
 I  1 x cos xdx  0
17 4

π
2
37. Prove the following equation:
3

sin 3 xdx= .
0
2

2
Ans: The given equation is, 02 sin 3 xdx  .
3

Assume, I  02 sin 3 xdx

   
 I   sin x sin xdx   1  cos x  sin xdx   sin xdx   cos 2 x sin xdx
0
2 2
0
2 2
0
2
0
2
 cos3 x  2

1 2
 I    cos x    2
  1  
 3 0
0
3 3
π
38. Prove the following equation:  0
4
2tan 3 xdx=1-log2 .

Ans: The given equation is, 
0
4
2 tan 3 xdx  1- log 2 .

Assume, 
0
4
2 tan 3 xdx
   
 I   2 tan x tan xdx   1  sec x  tan xdx   tan xdx   sec 2 x tan xdx
0
4 2
0
4 2
0
4
0
4
 
 tan 2 x  4 
  2
 I  2   2  log cos x  4  1  2 log cos
  log cos0   1  log 2  log1
 2 0
0
4 0
 I  1  log 2
π

1
39. Prove the following equation: sin -1xdx= -1 . 0
2

Ans: The given equation is, 0 sin 1 xdx   1 .
1
2
Assume, I  0 sin 1 xdx
1
 I  0 sin 1 x.1dx
1

1 1 1 1 1  2x 
I  sin 1 x.x  0  0  0 2 0
1
xdx  
 x sin 1
x   dx
1 x 2
1 x 2
Now, substitute 1  x  t 2
  2x  dx  dt
And also when x  0, t  1 and when x  1, t  0 .
1 1 dt 1 0 
  x sin 1 x  0   2 t   sin 1 1  1   1
1 1
 I   x sin 1 x  0  0
2 t 2 1 2

1
40. Evaluate 0
e 2-3x as a limit of sum.

Ans:
Assume, I  0 e 2-3x
1
It is clearly known that

1 ba
a f (x)dx   b  a  lim   where, h 
b
n 

 f a  f (a  h)  ...  f (a  (n  1)h) 
 ,
a n
In this case, a  0,b  1,f  x   e 23x

1 0 1
h 
n n
1
 0 e23x dx  1  0  lim f  0   f (0  h)  ...  f (0  (n  1)h) 
1
n 
n
1
n 
1
n n 
1
n
 
 0 e23x dx  lim e 2  e 23h  ...  e 23 n 1h   lim e 2 1  e 3h  e 6h ...  e 3 n 1h 

  3
.n  
1  2  1  e n  1  2  1  e3   2 3 1 1 
3   e  e  1 lim
 0 e dx  lim  
1 2 3x
e  lim e   3 
n   1  e n   n  n   1  e n  
3
n  n 
n  e n  1
       
 3 
1  n  e  e  1 e 1  e 2 1  2 1 
2 3
 0 e dx  e  e  1 lim  3  
1 2 3x 2 3
  e  
n 
3  e n  1 3 3 3 e
 
dx
41. The expression, that is, e x
+e-x
is equal to
A. tan-1  ex  +C
B. tan-1  e-x  +C
C. log  ex -e-x  +C
D. log  ex +e-x  +C
dx
Ans: The given expression is,  ex  e-x .
dx
Assume, I  
e x  e-x
Now, consider e x  t
 e x dx  dt
dx 1
I   x  dt   tan 1 t dt  C , where C is any arbitrary constant.
e e -x
1 t 2
Hence, the correct answer is option (A).

cos2x
42. The expression, that is,  dx is
 sinx+cosx 
2
-1
A. +C
sinx+cosx
B. log sinx+cosx +C
C. log sinx-cosx +C
1
D. 2 +C
 sinx+cosx 
cos 2x
Ans: The given expression is,  sin x  cos x 2 dx .
 
cos 2x
Assume, I   2 dx
 sin x  cos x 
(sin x  cos x)(cos x  sin x) (cos x  sin x)
I dx   dx
2
Now, substitute  sin x  cos x   t
 (cos x  sin x)dx  dt
1
 I  I   dt  log t  C  log cos x  sin x  C , where C is any arbitrary
t
constant.
Hence, the correct answer is option (B).
43. If f  a+b-x  =f  x  , then  xf  x  dx is equal to

b
a+b b
A.
2 a
 f  b-x  dx
a+b b
B.
2 a
 f  b+x  dx
b-a b
C.  f  x  dx
2 a
a+b b
D.
2 a
 f  x  dx
Ans: Assume, I  a xf  x  dx ...1
b
 I  a  a  b  x  f  a  b  x  dx  a f  x  dx  a f  a  b  x  dx 
b b b
 
 I  a  a  b  x  f  x  dx   a  b  a f  x  dx  I [using 1 ]
b b

 2I   a  b  a f  x  dx
b
a  b
 f  x  dx
b
I a
2
Hence, the correct answer is option (D).
-1  2x-1 

1
44. The value of tan  2 
dx is equal to
0
 1+x-x 
A. 1
B. 0
C. -1
π
D.
4
 2x -1 
Ans: Assume, I  0 tan -1 
1
2 
dx
1 x - x 
 x - 1  x  
 I  0 tan -1   dx  0 tan  x   tan 1  x  dx ...1
1 1 -1 1
 1  x 1  x  
I0
Hence, the correct answer is option (D).

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Jab Saara India Vedantu Pe Online Padhega: Scholarship Admission Test

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JAB SAARA INDIA

Scholarship Admission Test

548 268 1 OUT OF 3

Mumbai se Panchkula se Gurugram se Patiala se Maharashtra se Surat se

JEE Adv. NEET

157 Students 171 Students

12TH Boards 10TH Boards

Scholarship Admission Test

1. Find an anti-derivative (or integral) of the following functions by the

2. Find an anti-derivative (or integral) of the following functions by the

3. Find an anti-derivative (or integral) of the following functions by the

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 1

Ans: We use the method of inspection as follows:

5. Find an anti-derivative (or integral) of the following functions by the

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 2

 a  x 2dx  b  xdx  c 1.dx

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 3

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 4

 2 xdx  3 cos xdx   e dx x

 2  x 2dx  3 sin xdx  5 x 2 dx

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 5

  2sec 2 xdx  3 tan x sec xdx

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 6

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 7

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 8

4. Sin x.sin  cos x 

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 9

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 10

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 11

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 12

Ans: Substitute log x  t

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 14

20. Solve the following: tan 2  2x  3  .

21. Solve the following: sec2  7  4x  .

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 15

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 16

Let 1  tan x   t , we get

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 17

26. Solve the following: sin 2x cos 2x .

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 18

28. Solve the following: cot xlogsin x .

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 20

34. Solve the following: .

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 22

Ans: Given expression .

35. Solve the following: .

Ans: Given expression .

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 23

10x9  10x log e 10

(D) log  10x  x10   C

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 24

Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

1. Solve the following: sin 2  2x  5  .

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 25

2. Solve the following: sin3xcos4x .

3. Solve the following: cos2xcos4xcos6x .

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 26

4. Solve the following: sin 3  2x  1 .

5. Solve the following: sin3 xcos 3 x .

6. Solve the following: sinxsin2xsin3x .

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 28