Aira Bado BSED MATH III-D Prof Ed 7(9:30-10:30am) October 19, 2020 ACTIVITY 14:

Teaching with Visual Symbols

1. WHAT INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS FALL UNDER VISUAL SYMBOL? Visual Aids are
instructional materials fall under Visual symbols because it supplements words with pictures,
charts, graphs, or other visual information. They are important because they help the audience
understand and remember, increase audience interest,
and act as notes or reminders for the speaker.

2. WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF VISUAL SYMBOLS?

A. Drawings
• A drawing may not be real thing but better to have a
concrete visual aid than nothing. To avoid
confusion, it
is good that our drawing correctly represents the real
thing.

B. Cartoons
• Another useful visual symbols that can bring novelty to
our teaching is the cartoon. A first-rate cartoon tells its
story metaphorically. The perfect cartoon needs no
caption. The less the artist depends on words, the more
effective the symbolism. The symbolism conveys the
message.

C. Strip drawing
• These are commonly called comics or comic strip. Dale (1969) asserts that a more accurate term
is strip drawings. Make use of strip that are educational and entertaining at the same time.

D. Diagram
• It is any line drawing that shows arrangement and relations as of parts to the whole, relative
values, origins and development, chronological fluctuations, distribution etc.
E. Posters
• A poster is combination of bold designs and color primarily intended to catch attention on a
significant fact, idea or message. Simply stated, a poster is a picture with appropriate caption.

F. Charts
• Charts are graphic or pictorial representations of a large mass of information or show progression
thru time and space of people or events, ideas and objects.

G. Graphs
• Graphs present quantitative data for easier analysis and interpretation. It shows comparative
 relationship of data involved in size, trends and growth. Graphs are best used in developing and
in summarizing a unit.

3. WHERE CAN THEY BE INTEGRATED IN THE INSTRUCTIONAL PROCESS? • Well-integrated

use of technology resources by thoroughly trained teachers makes twenty-first century learning
process effective. Technology integration is the use of technology tools in general content areas in
education in order to allow students to apply computer and technology skills to learning and
problem-solving. Technology integration is defined as the use of technology to enhance and
support the educational environment.

4. WHAT GUIDELINES SHALL WE FOLLOW WHEN WE READ CHARTS, GRAPHS AND

MAPS?
• Through the use of charts, data can often be understood better, because it becomes easier to see
hidden patterns. Charts are particularly good when comparing magnitudes, changes over time,
distributions, correlations and relative shares of a whole. The decision about the type of chart to
decide to use should be based on the composition of the audience, what the data shows and
what relationships are important to highlight. Depending on the above considerations, some
charts will be more appropriate than others.
• For presenters who are not very experienced in deciding which type of chart to use, it is
recommended to experiment by drawing several types of charts to see which one is the most
suitable. A trial-and-error approach can be very helpful in improving graphs. It is unlikely that
you will find the right graph will be found the first time.
Some Guidelines
• Graphs should have a clear, self‐explanatory title
• The units of measurement should be stated
• Graphs should be simple and not too cluttered
• All axes should be carefully labelled
• Include the source of the data
• The scale on each axis should not distort or hide any information.
• Graphs should clearly show trends or differences between the data
• Use two‐dimensional designs
• Avoid data point markers on line graphs
• Graphs should be accurate in a visual sense (e.g. if one value on the chart is 15 and
another 30, then the second value should appear to be twice the size of the first)
• Avoid abbreviations and acronyms
• Avoid legends except on maps
• Color use should be consistent. For example, if males are shown in blue and females in
red, this convention should be followed across all charts.

5. WHAT ARE DRAWINGS, CARTOONS, DIAGRAMS, CHARTS, GRAPHS AND MAPS?

A. Drawings
A drawing may not be the real thing but better to have a concrete visual aid than nothing. To avoid
confusion, it is good that our drawing correctly represents the real thing.
B. Cartoons
• Cartoons tell stories metaphorically through pictures, which need no captions. Symbolism conveys
messages, less words more symbolism the better. The cartoon presents a certain issue or concern
which could be either for or against it.
• It is a pictorial representation or caricature of a person, idea, situation or issue that is designed to
influence public opinion. Therefore, cartoons must be presented in a challenging manner. For
better understanding they should be drawn around a single idea.

C. Diagrams
• It is “any line drawing that shows arrangements and relations as of parts to the whole, relative values,
origins and development, chronological fluctuations, distribution. Etc.” (Dale, 1969)
• If you can draw stick figures, you can easily draw the diagrams that you need as you go along. To
emphasize the key points in your diagram, make use of color whether you use the chalkboard or the OHP
and transparencies.
Types of diagram
a. Affinity diagram- used to cluster complex apparently unrelated data into natural and meaningful
groups.

b. Tree diagram- used to chart out, in increasing detail, the various tasks that must be accomplished to
complete a project or achieve a specific objective.
 c. Fishbone diagram- it is also called cause-and-effect diagram

D. Charts
• Charts are graphic or pictorial representations of a large mass of information or show progression
thru time and space of people or events, ideas and objects.

Kinds of charts and examples

a. Time chart- is a tabular time chart that presents data in ordinal sequence.

b. Tree or stream chart- depicts development, growth and change by beginning with a single course
(the trunk) which spreads out into many branches; or by beginning with the many tributaries
which then converge into a single channel.
c. Flow chart- is a visual way of charting or showing a process from beginning to end.

d. Organizational chart- how one part of the organization relates to other parts of the organization.
 e. Comparison and contrast chart- used to show similarities and differences between two things.

f. Pareto chart- is a type of bar chart, prioritized in descending order of magnitude or importance from
left to right.

.
E. Graphs
• Graphs present quantitative data for easier analysis and interpretation. It shows comparative
relationship of data involved in size, trends and growth. Graphs are best used in developing and
in summarizing a unit.

Kinds of graphs
1. Line graph – is the most accurate of all graphs used in plotting trends of relationships between two
series of data. It is used when there is a considerable number of data to be plotted and if these data are
continuous.

2. Bar graphs – simplest of all graphs to read. They are represented either by vertical or horizontal
bars. The lengths of the bars represent an amount or percentage data. It is best when number of values
to be compared is small.

3. Circle or pie graph – the sections of which are used to represent component parts of a whole. They
always present total amounts, their parts or segments are calculated in percentage or fractional parts of
a whole.

4. Area or Solid graphs – use for the simplest quantitative comparison thru the use of geometric
shapes. It is used to compare two or three related totals.
 5. Pictorial Statistics or pictograph – it makes use of related pictures in showing quantitative data.
Pictures give realism and interest so it is widely used specially in the elementary grades.

F. Maps
• A map is a representation of the surface of the earth or some part of it.

Kinds of map
a. Physical map- combines in a single projection data like altitude, temperature, rainfall, precipitation,
vegetation, and soil.

b. Relief map- has three dimensional representations and show contours of the physical data of the
earth or part of the earth.
c. Commercial or economic map- also called product or industrial map since they show land areas in
relation to the economy.

d. Political map- gives detailed information about country, provinces, cities and towns, roads and
highways.

e. Map language Scale- shows how much of the actual earth’s surface is represented by a given
measurement on a map.

f. Symbols- usually a map has a legend that explains what each symbol represent highways, railroads,
mountains lakes and plains.
g. Color- the different colors of the map are part of the map language.

h. Geographic grids- the entire system of these grid lines are called grid lines.