Visual
Symbols
representation of direct reality
which comes in the form of signs
and symbols.
Rules of thumbs
1. Visuals must be directly relevant to the audio
content.
2. Redundancy between visuals and audio must be
avoided. If words are displayed, viewers must be
given time to read it.
3. Visual displays should be big enough to be seen
by the farthest pupil.
4. Visual displays must be attractive.
5. Visual displays must be aesthetically presented to
maintain good taste.
KINDS OF VISUAL SYMBOLS
CARTOONS
TELL STORIES METAPHORICALLY THROUGH PICTURES
WHICH NEEDS NO CAPTION.
PRESENTS CERTAIN ISSUES OR CONCERN WHICH COULD BE
EITHER FOR OR AGAINST IT.
SUGGESTIONS FOR USE OF
CARTOONS
a. Appropriateness to experience level
b. Simplicity
c. Brevity of captions if ever but they may not be
given any.
d. Use of clear symbols.
e. Adequateness of size.
Posters
Combination of bold designs and color primarily intended to catch
attention on a significant fact, idea, or message
A picture with appropriate caption.
Characteristics of a good poster
• Bold and simple but dramatizes features
• Appropriate to the grade level and to the subject and
purpose and purposes
• Have only limited text, few words are generally used,
and key words are made to stand out by means of type
size or position.
• Attractive, pleasing to the eye
• Design and color must be given consideration.
• Have elements of dynamism and shock.
3. Drawing and sketch
- Cruds and simple lines, which are effective in showing
what needs to be shown with sufficient clarity
- To make the meaning vivid to learners or students.
- Stick drawing with no illusion of depth but a smart teacher
can use them in a very effective way in explaining and
showing ideas and concepts.
4. Diagrams
- Simplified drawing designed to show interrelationship
primarily by means of lines and symbols.
- Used to explain rather than to represent.
- Drawing that shows arrangement and relationship as part
to a whole, relative values, origins and developments,
chronological flow, fluctuations and distribution
- Used to condense visual summaries of facts; the ideas rely
heavily on the symbolic means.
- It must be remembered that it is more effective if it has a strong
foundation because it works letter for summarizing rather than
introducing a lesson
- It can be used singly but it is better if it is used simultaneously
with other materials.
4. Diagrams
Affinity Diagram- used to cluster complex apparently unrelated data
into natural and meaningful groups.
Tree Diagram- used to chart out, in increasing details, the various
tasks that must be accomplished to complete a project or achieve a
specific objective.
Fishbone diagram- it is also called the cause-and-effect diagram. It
is most commonly used to analyze work-related problems.
5. Charts
- Charts are graphic or pictorial representations of a large
mass of information or show progression thru time and
space of people or events, ideas and objects.
Kinds of charts and example
Data chart – contains items of information of all sorts
especially quantitative data
Graphs
Graphs presents quantitative data for easier analysis and interpretation.
It shows comparative relationship of data involved in size, trends and growth.
Graphs are best used in developing and in summarizing A unit.
Kinds of graphs
Line graph – is the most accurate of all graphs used in plotting trends of
relationships between two series of data.
Bar chart – simplest of all graphs to read. They are represented either by
vertical or horizontal bars.
Circle or pie chart – the sections of which are used to represent
component parts of a whole.
Kinds of charts and example
Data chart – contains items of information of all sorts
especially quantitative data
Graphs
Graphs presents quantitative data for easier analysis and interpretation.
It shows comparative relationship of data involved in size, trends and growth.
Graphs are best used in developing and in summarizing A unit.
Kinds of graphs
Area or solid chart – use for the simplest quantitative comparison
thru the use of geometric shapes.
Pictorial statistics or pictograph – it makes use of related pictures in
showing quantitative data.
Kinds of charts and example
Schematic charts – shows a principle or a law as applied like
that of refrigeration.
Kinds of charts and example
Diagrammatic chart – verb chart is a popular example
Kinds of charts and example
Multiple leaf chart – internal working parts of a machine
Kinds of charts and example
Phantom view chart – shows hidden parts of a machine
without obliterating the outer parts
Kinds of charts and example
Development or progress chart – profile of a place or a
person
Kinds of charts and example
Stream or tree chart – family tree
Kinds of charts and example
Flow or organizational chart – school personnel chart, life
cycle of a frog or the water cycle
Principles in pictographing
1. Simplicity – pictures used must be simple
2. Comparison of relationship must be strikingly seen
3. Approximates rather than precise amounts are
represented
4. Pictorial symbols used must be self explanatory
5. Quantities are usually shown by the number of
symbols rather than by the size.
7. Strip drawing or comics trip
Strip drawings are recommended for their story value in
adaptation of the classics.
They are effective in instruction not only because they
are simple, clear and easy to read but because they
deal with materials that has been made personal.
Comics is a form of cartooning in which the same cast of
characters form a story in sequence of closely related
drawings designed to entertain the readers.
Values derived from the strip drawings
1. Increases interest in the subject
2. Individualizes and personalizes instruction for certain
types of pupils
3. Serves as a valuable practice in reading
4. Widens reading interest
Reasons for using comics strip
1. It is easy to read so it encourages reading
2. It builds vocabulary
3. It satisfies the collectors’ interest in acquiring copies
4. It provides excitement
5. It is inexpensive
6. It satisfies the children’s idea of art.
8. Maps
Maps are usually shown on flat surface and are used to
represent the surface of the earth or some parts of it,
showing the relative size and position according to scale or
projection and position represented.
Maps according to content
a. Physical map- also called relief maps, they are the best
because of their three dimensional representation; which
includes geographical outline of and water.
8. Maps
Maps according to content
a. Commercial or economic maps- also known as
product or industrial map since they show land area in
relation to the economy.
B. Political map- shows national boundaries down to the
smallest division.
Maps according to form
Chalkboard outline map
Student outline maps
Projected maps
Wall maps (decorative maps)
Atlas-collection of maps
Sand table map
Pictorial maps
Standards in judging maps
1. Visibility- details are clearly seen and read
2. Detail- less detailed maps are better
3. Scale- marks are clear, dependable and easily
interpreted
4. Symbols- not too many to be remembered
5. Color – should be used as an aid to reading it
6. Accuracy- in terms of its specific purposes
7. Grade level relevance
8. Print- is legible or readable
9. Durability- can stand several use
Purposes For Which Maps Are Being Used
1. To Enable Students To Understand Both Relative And
Exact Position Of Political Units, Land Masses And
Political Areas.
2. To Furnish Information Concerning Areas, Distance,
Directions, Shapes, Size And Relationships
3. To Provide Orientation And Means Of Visualizing Large
And Remote Areas
4. To Clarify Materials
Purposes For Which Maps Are Being Used
5. To Provide A Visual Basis For Comparison And Contrast
6. To Provide Means Of Regional Synthesis
7. To Provide Interest And Stimulation To Learn More About
People, Geographical Influences And Places
8. To Enable Students To Trace Movements, Migration And
Distribution Of People, Vegetation, Animal Life And
Culture
9. To serve as ne method of study for recording purposes
10. To provide an ‘object test’ means for certain types of
measurements
11. To furnish means of self-expression in unit and project
study
Points to remember in utilizing maps for
teaching
1. Make sure that the pupils or students comprehend the
purpose of the map
2. Promote or develop positive emotional attitude
3. Allow ample time for pupils’ first look
4. Make sure they understand map symbolism
TASK!
Select the Appropriate Instructional Software
Title of the Lesson/Topic
Learning outcomes
Choice of related Instructional Material/s
Describe briefly how this chosen instructional
material may be used in learning activity
Explain why you have chosen this category of
instructional material for this lesson/How you
prepare the material.
Title of the Lesson/Topic Natatanging Kultura ng mga Rehiyon, Bansa at
Mamamayan sa Daigdig (lahi, pangkat- etniko,
TASK!
Learning outcomes
wika,at relihiyon sa daigdig )
Napahahalagahan ang natatanging kultura
(Layunin) ng mga rehiyon, bansa at mamamayan sa
daigdig (lahi, pangkatetnolingguwistiko, at
relihiyon sa daigdig)
AP8HSK-Ie-5
Choice of Instructional Material Posters
Source:
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Describe briefly how this chosen instructional The instructional material will be used to
material may be used in learning activity develop the lesson. The students will be asked
to describe the posters and relate each on the
lesson of the day.
Explain why you have chosen this category of The instructional material was chosen because
instructional material for this lesson/How you it shows strong message about the topic which
prepare the material. can be a point of discussion of the class, The
instructional material will be shown to the
students through the use of LCD projector.
TASK!
