5/23/2011

MIXED DESIGN AND

NESTED DESIGN

Dr. Yan Liu

Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering
Wright State University

Mixed Design

Mixed Factorial Design
 Has both with-subject and between-subject factors

Two-Factor Mixed Design: A×(B×S)
 One between-subject factor A

Each participant only receives one level of A
 One with-subject factor B

Each participant receives all levels of B

Three-Factor Mixed Design: A×B×(C×S)
 Two between-subject factors A and B
 One with-subject factor C

Three-Factor Mixed Design: C×(A×B×S)
 One between-subject factor C
 Two with-subject factors A and B

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Factor Participant Factor B S A

A (S) B1 B2 … Bb Totals Totals
s11 y111 y112 … y11b y11.
s12 y121 y122 … y12b y12.
A1 y1..
… … … … … …

s1n y1n1 y1n2 … y1nb y1n.

s21 y211 y212 … y21b y21.
s22 y221 y222 … y22b y22.
A2 y2..
… … … … … …
s2n y2n1 y2n2 … y2nb y2n.
… … … … … … …
sa1 ya11 ya12 … ya1b ya1.
sa2 ya21 ya22 … ya2b ya2.
Aa ya..
… … … … … …
san yan1 yan2 … yanb yan.
B Totals y..1 y..2 y..b y…
A×(B×S) Design

Crossed vs. Nested Factors

B
B1 B2 B3 B4
A1 x x x x • Includes all possible combinations of
A2 x x x x levels of A and B
A
A3 x x x x • Can study the interaction effect of A and B
A4 x x x x
A and B are Crossed (A×B)

B
B1 B2 B3 B4
A1 x
A2 x • Each level of B contains a unique set of
A3 x levels of A
A4 x • Cannot study the interaction effect of A
A and B
A5 x
A5 x
A7 x
A8 x
A and B are Nested (B/A) 4

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ANOVA Table for A×(B×S) Design

Sources of p-
df sum of squares mean squares F
variation value
A a-1 SSA = [A]-[T] MSA = SSA/(a-1) MSA/MSS/A
S/A a(n-1) SSS/A = [AS]-[A] MSS/A = SSS/A/(a(n-1))

B b-1 SSB = [B]-[T] MSB = SSB/(b-1) MSB/MSB×S/A

MSA×B = SSA×B /((a-
A×B (a-1)(b-1) SSA×B = [AB]-[A]-[B]+[T] MSA×B /MSB×S/A
1)(b-1))
MSB×S/A = SSB×S/A
SSB×S/A = [Y]-[AB]-
B×S/A a(b-1)(n-1) /(a(b-1)(n-1))
[AS]+[A]

Total abn-1 SST = [Y]-[T]

A×B: A cross B
S/A: S nested in A
S: a random effect factor

a b a b

∑ yi2.. ∑ y..2k ∑∑ yi2. k

[A] = i =1
bn , [B] = k =1
an , [AB] = i=1 k =1
n ,
a n

∑∑ yij2. a n b a n b
, [Y] = ∑∑∑ yijk , [T] = (∑ ∑ ∑ yijk ) /(abn)
i=1 j =1 2 2
[AS] = b
i =1 j =1 k =1 i =1 j =1k =1

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Target Detection Example

Subjects are given a vigilance task in which they detect targets on a simulated radar screen
during a 40-minute test session. The main purpose of the study is to examine which type of
the display leads to the best detection. Factor A consists of three types of displays: black
targets on a white background (A1), white targets on a black background (A2), and amber
targets on a black background (A3). Each subject is given three 40-minute test sessions, one
per day (factor B). The introduction of factor B is to examine whether the test sessions will
affect the accuracy of target detection. The response measure is the number of targets
detected during the test session. Four subjects participate in each condition of A. The data
for the four subjects per condition of A are given below.

A1 A2 A3
B B B
B1 B2 B3 B1 B2 B3 B1 B2 B3
S1 23 24 27 S5 15 20 27 S9 23 34 38
S2 20 21 25 S6 18 25 32 S10 19 32 32
S S S
S3 23 29 28 S7 24 26 33 S11 24 32 38
S4 14 22 24 S8 22 31 36 S12 18 28 37

Display: between-subject factor

Test: within-subject factor
Display × (Test × subject)

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ANOVA Table for A×B×(C×S) Design

Sources of
df sum of squares mean squares F p- value
variation
A a-1 SSA MSA MSA/MSS/AB
B b-1 SSB MSB MSB/MSS/AB
A×B (a-1)(b-1) SSA×B MSA×B MSA×B/MSS/AB
C c-1 SSC MSC MSC /MSS×C/AB
A×C (a-1)(c-1) SSA×C MSA×C MSA×C/MSS×C/AB
B×C (b-1)(c-1) SSB×C MSB×C MSB×C/MSS×C/AB
A×B×C (a-1)(b-1) (c-1) SSA×B×C MSA×B×C MSA×B×C/MSS×C/AB
S/AB ab(n-1) SSS/AB MSS/AB
S×C/AB ab(c-1)(n-1) SSS×C/AB MSS×C/AB

A (between-subject): A1, A2
B(between-subject): B1, B2
C(within-subject): C1, C2, C3
C
AB S
C1 C2 C3
S1 11 5 3
A1B1
S2 12 10 5
S3 17 11 11
A1B2
S4 18 16 13
S5 20 14 13
A2B1
S6 12 10 9
S7 16 10 10
A2B2
S8 20 18 14

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ANOVA Table for C×(A×B ×S) Design

Sources of
df sum of squares mean squares F p- value
variation
A a-1 SSA MSA MSA/MSS×A/C
B b-1 SSB MSB MSB/MSS×B/C
A×B (a-1)(b-1) SSA×B MSA×B MSA×B/MSS×A×B/C
C c-1 SSC MSC MSC /MSS/C
A×C (a-1)(c-1) SSA×C MSA×C MSA×C/MSS×A/C
B×C (b-1)(c-1) SSB×C MSB×C MSB×C/MSS×B/C
A×B×C (a-1)(b-1) (c-1) SSA×B×C MSA×B×C MSA×B×C/MSS×A×B/C
S/C c(n-1) SSS/C MSS/C
S×A/C c(a-1)(n-1) SSS×A/C MSS×A/C
S×B/C c(b-1)(n-1) SSS×B/C MSS×B/C
S×A×B/C c(a-1) (b-1)(n-1) SSS×A×B/C MSS×A×B/C

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A (within-subject): A1, A2 , A3
B(within-subject): B1, B2, B3
C(between-subject): C1, C2
A1 A2 A3
C S
B1 B2 B3 B1 B2 B3 B1 B2 B3
S1 1 1 2 1 3 2 2 4 2
C1 S2 2 3 3 2 4 4 3 5 4
S3 1 2 3 3 3 5 2 5 5
S4 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 2
C2 S5 3 2 3 3 4 3 5 5 4
S6 1 2 1 2 3 3 1 3 2

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