Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Your answer
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
Section 2. Listen to the recording about a human resources manager talking about people’s relationship with their
colleagues. Complete each of the following sentences with NO MORE THAN two words AND/ OR a number (16p)
Section 3: Listen to a man giving a talk on current crime trends and decide if the following statements are true (T)
or false (F). (10p)
16. Compared to the past, current court sentences are less strict, which is the main reason for the increase in crime.
_____
17. Most crimes are committed against retired people. _____
18. Violent crimes are uncommon, with the likelihood of becoming a victim of violent crime being higher in large
cities. _____
19. The majority of the crimes committed are theft-related. _____
20. The report mentions pick-pocketing and joy-riding as examples of common rural crime. _____
Section 4: You will hear an interview with a woman called Sally Gartree, who works as an organizer of the three-
day Ixford Music Festival. For the question 1-5, choose the best answer (A, B or C) (10p)
21. Sally says that her involvement with the festival began __________________.
A. before her parents were asked to help run it.
B. after she had started attending the event regularly.
C. when she was working for a music company
D. when it was first held over twenty years ago.
22. Sally feels that the biggest change in the festival has been in _______________________.
A. the scale of the event B. the atmosphere at night
C. the facilities for performers D. the performance of the artist.
23. Sally regrets that some people attending the festival now seem most interested in __________________.
A. how well known the bands are. B. trying out different types of food.
C. the retail outlets selling souvenirs. D. facilities used by performers.
24. What would Sally like to change about the festival?
A. so many people arriving by car B. the reliance on good weather
C. how poor advertised it is D. the indoor decorations of the festival
25. Sally hopes that in the future the festival will ___________________________.
A. go on for longer B. be shown on TV
C. move to the other place D. stay the same size
Section 3. The passage below contains TEN mistakes. Underline the mistakes and provide the corrections in the
spaces below. (10p)
Human memory happens in many parts of the brain in once, and some types of memories stick Line 1
around longer than other. It was formally believed to be rather inefficient, however, it is really Line 2
more sophisticated than that of a computer. Researchers approached the problem from a variety Line 3
of point of view have all concluded that there is a great deal more store in our minds than has Line 4
been generally supposed. Dr. Wilder Penfield, a Canadian neurosurgeon, proved that by Line 5
stimulating their brains electrically he could elicit the total recall of specific events in his Line 6
subjects’ life. The memory trace is the term for whatever is the internal representation of the Line 7
specific information about the event stored in the memory. Assumed to have been done by Line 8
structural changes in the brain, the memory trace is not subject for direct observation but is Line 9
rather a theoretical construct that we use to speculate about how information presented at a later Line 10
time. Almost theories include the strength of the memory trace as a variable in the degree of Line 11
learning, retention, and retrieval possible for a memory. One theory is that it is the result of an Line 12
limited combination of interconnections between brain information that support recall. Or, to Line 13
put it other way, improved performance is the result of strengthening the chemical bond in the Line 14
memory. Line 15
Example:
0. Line 1: in => at
Your answers:
Questions Mistake and correction Questions Mistake and correction
56. 61.
57. 62.
58. 63.
59. 64.
60. 65.
Section 2. Read the passage and fill in each gap with ONE suitable word. (10p)
Spending a summer in the company (0) _____of______ whales off the coast of Patagonia is a (76) _____________ in
a lifetime opportunity. We spent at least twelve hours on the boat every day and learned a great deal about the whales’
behavior. It seemed that our interest (77) ___________________ reciprocated!
To encourage the whales to approach the boat we simply had to move a short distance from the coast, switch off the
engines and wait. Younger whales who attempted to come closer were pushed (78) ___________ by their mothers, but
older ones were allowed to play nearby. Some of these even came close enough for us to touch them.
On some occasions the sea seemed to be full of whales jumping (79) _______________ of the water but at other times
we saw (80) _____________ any at all. Sometimes we could go for several days and (81) _______________ see a
single whale.
Later, however, we adopted a pattern. One day we had come upon a whale and (82) __________________ baby and
we decided to keep visiting the pair at the same time every day. At (83) __________________ the mother would not
let the baby approach us but, as time (84) ______________ by, she allowed him to come closer and closer to the boat.
It was a truly amazing experience to be rewarded with (85) ________________ trust at the end of our six weeks.
Section 3. Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the following questions. Write
your answers in the box provided. (10p)
Global warming could cause drought and possibly famine in China, the source of much of Hong Kong’s food, by
2050, a new report predicts. Hong Kong could also be at risk from flooding as sea levels rose. The report recommends
building sea-walls around low-lying areas such as the new port and airport reclamations. Published by the World Wide
Fund for Nature (WWF), the report, which includes work by members of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological
Sciences, uses the most recent projections on climate change to point to a gloomy outlook for China.
By 2050, about 30 to 40 per cent of the country will experience changes in the type of vegetation it supports, with
tropical and subtropical forest conditions shifting northward and hot desert conditions rising in the west where
currently the desert is temperate. Crop-growing areas will expand but any benefit is expected to be negated by
increased evaporation of moisture, making it too dry to grow crops such as rice. The growing season also is expected
to alter, becoming shorter in southern and central China, the mainland’s breadbasket. The rapid changes make it
unlikely that plants could adapt.
“China will produce smaller crops. In the central and northern areas, and the southern part, there will be decreased
production because of water limitations”, Dr. Rik Leemans, one of the authors of the report, said during a brief visit to
the territory yesterday. Famine could result because of the demands of feeding the population - particularly if it grows
- and the diminished productivity of the land. “It looks very difficult for the world as a whole”, he said.
Global warming is caused by the burning of large amounts of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, which release gases
that trap heal in the atmosphere. World temperatures already have increased this century by about 6 degrees Celsius
and are projected to rise by between 1.6 degrees and 3.8 degrees by 2100.
Dr. Leemans said China’s reliance on coal-fired power for its industrial growth did not bode well for the
world climate. “I think the political and economic powers in China are much greater than the environmental
powers, and [greenhouse gas emissions] could accelerate,” Dr. Leemans said. “China is not taking the problem
seriously yet, although it is trying to incorporate this kind of research to see what is going to happen.”
The climate change report, which will be released tomorrow, focuses on China but Mr. David Melville of WWF-Hong
Kong said some of the depressing scenarios could apply to the territory. Food supplies, for instance, could be affected
by lower crop yields. “Maybe we could afford to import food from elsewhere but you have to keep in mind that the
type of changes experienced in southern China will take place elsewhere as well,” he said. Sea levels could rise as
glaciers melted and the higher temperatures expanded the size of the oceans, threatening much of developed Hong
Kong which is built on reclaimed land. Current projections are that sea levels worldwide will rise by 15 to 90
centimeters by 2100, depending on whether action is taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
“Hong Kong has substantial areas built on reclaimed land and sea level rises could impact on that, not only on Chek
Lap Kok but the West Kowloon Reclamation and the Central and Western Reclamation - the whole lot,” Mr. Melville
said, adding that sea walls would be needed. Depleted fresh water supplies would be another problem because
increased evaporation would reduce levels. Mr. Melville said the general outlook could be helped if Hong Kong used
water less wastefully and encouraged energy efficiency to reduce fuel-burning. He also called on the West to help
China improve its efficiency.
86. Overall, what sort of picture is painted of the future effects of global warming?
A. disastrous B. potentially disastrous
C. relatively optimistic D. on balance things are going to be satisfactory
87. What is this passage?
A. a report B. a preview of a report
C. an article describing a response to a report D. an article previewing a report
88. Mr. David Melville suggests that in future more food could be imported into Hong Kong. He thinks these
measures could be _____.
A. efficient B. sufficient C. insufficient D. inefficient
89. The main point of paragraph 3 is to describe _____.
A. effects of changes in the climate of China on food production
B. future changes in the climate of China.
C. effects of changes in the climate of China on the growing season
D. projected future changes in the climate of China
90. The main point of paragraph 5 is to describe _____.
A. global warming
B. the effects of global warming
C. the causes and projected effects of global warming
D. the causes and effects of global warming
91. Why does the writer add the information in square brackets in paragraph 5?
A. because the quote is from a second language user whose command of English is not perfect
B. because, although they are not part of the original quote, the additional information given is necessary to
understand the statement
C. because the writer is quoting from another source
D. because the writer wants to emphasize the meaning of these words
92. In paragraph 7, which point is Mr. Melville NOT making?
A. suggesting that there is a potential disaster in Hong Kong
B. suggesting that reclamation areas are at risk
C. criticizing current safeguards
D. making a call for action
93. How would you describe Dr. Leman’s attitude towards China?
A. mainly favorable B. critical C. supportive in theory D. admiring
94. In paragraph 2, “negated” is closest in meaning to _____.
A. made possible B. made ineffective C. reduced D. paid for
95. In paragraph 7, “depleted” could be replaced by which of the following?
A. reduced B. poor C. decaying D. decimated
Section 4. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. (20p)
Money as the Unit of Account
A. The most difficult aspect of money to understand is its function as a unit of account. In linear measurement we find
the definition of a yard, or a metre, easy to accept. In former times these lengths were defined in terms of fine lines
etched onto brass rods maintained in standard laboratories at constant temperatures. Money, however, is much more
difficult to define because the value of anything is ultimately in the mind of the observer, and such values will change
with time and circumstance.
Sir Isaac Newton, as Master of the Royal Mint, defined the pound sterling (£) in 1717 as 113 grains of pure gold. This
took Britain off silver and onto gold as defining the unit of account. The pound was 113 grains of pure gold, the
shilling was 1/20 of that, and the penny 1/240 of it.
By the end of the 19th century, the gold standard had spread around most of the trading world, with the result that
there was a single world money. It was called by different names in different countries, but all these supposedly
different currencies were rigidly interconnected through their particular definition in terms of a quantity of gold.
B. In economic life the prices of different commodities and services are always changing with respect to each other. If
the potato crop, for example, is ruined by frost or flood, then the price of potatoes will go up. The consequences of
that particular price increase will be complex and unpredictable. Because of the high price of potatoes, prices of other
things will decline, as demand for them declines. Similarly, the argument that the Middle East crisis following the
Iraqi annexation of Kuwait would, because of increased oil prices, have led to sustained general inflation is, although
widely accepted, entirely without foundation. With sound money (money whose purchasing power does not decline
over time) a sudden price shock in any one commodity will not lead to a general price increase, but to changes in
relative prices throughout the economy. As oil increases, other goods and services will drop in price, and oil
substitutes will rise in price, as the consequences of the oil price increase work their unpredictable and complex way
through the economy.
The use of gold as the unit of account during the days of the gold standard meant that the price of all other
commodities and services would swing up and down with reference to the price of gold, which was fixed. If gold
supplies diminished, as they did when the 1850s gold rushes in California and Australia were finishing, then deflation
(a general price level decrease] would set in. When new gold rushes followed in South Africa and again in Australia,
in the 1880s and 1890s, the general price level increased, gently, around the world, as there was more money in
circulation.
C. The end of the gold standard began with the introduction of the Bretton-Woods Agreement in 1946. This fixed the
value of all world currencies relative to the US dollar, which in turn was fixed to a specific value of gold
(US$0.35/oz). However, in 1971 the US government finally refused to exchange US dollars for gold, and other
countries soon followed. Governments printed as much paper money or coinage as they wanted, and the more that was
printed, the less each unit of currency was worth.
The key problem with these government 'fiat' currencies is that their value is not defined; such value is subject to how
much money a government cares to print. Their future value is unpredictable, depending as it does on political chance.
In past economic calculations of the Australian Institute for Public Policy, incomes and expenditures were
automatically converted to dollars of a particular year, using CPI deflators, which are stored in the Institute's
computers. When the Institute performs economic calculations into the future, it guesses at inflation rates and includes
these guesses in its figures. The guesses are entirely based on past experience. In Australia most current calculations
assume a three to four per cent inflation rate.
D. The great advantage of the 19th century gold standard was not just that it defined the unit of account, but that it
operated throughout almost the entire world. Anthony Trollope tells us in his diaries about his Australian travels in
1872 that a pound of meat, selling in Australia for two pence, would have cost ten pence or even a shilling in the UK.
It was this price difference which drove investment and effort into the development of shipboard refrigeration, and
opening up of major new markets for Australian meat, at great benefit to the British public.
Today we can determine price differences between countries by considering the exchange rate of the day. In twelve
months' time, even a month's time, however, a totally different situation may prevail, and investments of time and
money made on the basis of an opportunity at an exchange rate of the day, may actually perform poorly because of
subsequent exchange rate movements.
The great advantage of having a single stable world currency is that such currency would have very high information
content. It tells people where to invest their time, energy and capital, all around the world, with much greater accuracy
and predictability than would otherwise be possible.
For questions 96 – 99, choose the correct heading for sections A – D from the list of headings below.
List of Headings
i The effects of inflation *
ii The notion of money and its expression *
iii The rise of problematic modern currencies *
iv Stable money compared to modern ‘fiat’ currencies *
v The function of money
vi The interrelationship of prices
vii Stability of modern currencies
The main problem is that the location of posters can be a safety hazard if they block your view of junctions or road
signs. I’m not distracted from driving by the content so much, just by the fact that a poster is there. I’ve no time to
read them or study them, though the names of products must stick in your memory. Posters in fields get a lot of
attention because you certainly notice them as you drive down the motorway. They must be a bonus for the Farmer
who gets an income from them, but I suppose they do make a bit of a mess of the rural environment. On the whole,
there aren’t too many posters on the roads — not compared with some countries I’ve driven through.
Walking through airports in uniform, I tend not to look around too much. That’s because I run the risk of being asked
questions by confused passengers who mistake me for ground crew, but helping them is not my job. But adverts in
airports have a captive audience because people end up hanging around waiting for delayed rights in lounges or at
boarding gates, so in those places they must work well for the advertisers. When travelling, an amusing advert can
brighten up my day, but I do tend to see endless dull adverts for banks round the airport and they don’t fit into that
category! Planes are even being painted externally to carry advertising. I saw one decorated to advertise house music
in Ibiza. How cool is that?
To be honest, I can take or leave street advertising. I don’t pay it much attention and posters aren’t that obtrusive. I
don’t even mind posters in the countryside, though I know that’s an issue for some groups in society. Some of the
paper posters are being replaced by TV screens. I guess that enables the company to make more money, as they can
switch adverts easily- and it also saves paper. But it’s rather environmentally unfriendly as each advertising screen
obviously has to be powered by electricity. At a time when we’re all being urged to cut down on consumption of
precious resources, putting up TV screens everywhere seems rather counterproductive.
I often feel surrounded by posters and advertising, it seems to be taking over our city. I am reminded of an episode of
The Simpsons where the town’s outdoor advertising comes to life and hunts down the residents. I’m resigned to the
fact that posters are ‘necessary’ commercialization, but I find them less annoying when they ‘give’ something positive
in exchange for being such an intrusive presence on the urban landscape. Occasionally, though, advertisers find a new
angle on an issue that’s really thought provoking and that must be positive. So maybe I’d prefer it to exist rather than
not.
I try to walk straight past most posters as if they weren’t there, but some do manage to grab your attention
nonetheless. I really like those that are colorful or imaginative. I think advertising allows lots of clever people to reach
a wide public with their ideas, and we all benefit from that. Why would you even look at a boring poster? I think
production values are important, too, in making you trust the advertiser. I agree with banning posters from parks and
on historic buildings, but there’s nothing wrong with them in shopping streets and main roads. They make the
environment brighter.
Part 2: Rewrite these sentences using the words in CAPITAL. You must not change the given words. (10p)
121. James is not feeling healthy today. (COLOUR)
James _________________________________________________________________today.
122. They designed the stadium to make hooliganism impossible. (SUCH)
The stadium ____________________________________________________________________ out hooliganism.
123. Doing regular exercise often helps improve your attitude to life. (DO)
Many ___________________________________________________________________ on life.
124. I don’t really know why, but I don’t trust him. (FINGER)
I ___________________________________________________________ but I don’t trust him.
125. I was about to hand in my notice when I was unexpectedly offered a promotion. (ON)
I was _____________________________________ when I was unexpectedly offered promotion.
Part 3: Paragraph writing (30p)
Some people believe that the media like the press, television, and the Internet should be more strictly controlled.
Are you for or against this view?
You should write a paragraph of 150-180 words to express your viewpoint.
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