Every January, many people start working out,
Instead of burning fewer calories, the
hoping to lose weight. But as studies attest, exercise
often produces little or no weight loss — and even
weight gain — and resolutions are soon abandoned.
But new science suggests that if you stick with the
right kind of exercise, you may change how your body
interacts with food. It is more than a matter of burning
calories; exercise also affects hormones.
A study in 2012 from the University of Wyoming
looked at a group of women who either ran or walked
and, on alternate days, sat quietly for an hour. After the
running, walking or sitting, researchers drew blood to
test for the levels of certain hormones and then
directed the women to a room with a buffet. Human
appetite is complicated, driven by signals from the
brain, gut, fat cells, glands, genes and psyche. But
certain appetite-related hormones, in particular ghrelin,
which stimulates hunger, are known to be instrumental
in determining how much we consume.
The study has shown that exercise typically
increases the production of ghrelin. Workouts make
you hngry. In the Wyoming study, when the women
ran, their ghrelin levels spiked, which should have
meant they would attack the buffet with gusto. But
they did not. In fact, after running, these women
consumed several hundred fewer calories than they
burned.
1. The author presents an effect of having
specific exercise followed by . . .
A. Explaining why ghrelin increase does not
affect appetite
B. Arguing for the importance of having
sufficient exercise
C. Discussing the relation between appetite
and exercise
D. Exemplifying reasons for the increase of
ghrelin
E. Demonstrating why hunger comes after
exercise
2. Based on the information in paragraph 2, the
author implies that . . .
A. Women’s level of appetite is related to
their daily physical activity
B. Women are sensitive in response to
treatments during an experiment
C. A particular hormone is responsible for the
sum of food consumption
D. Human’s appetite is a host of either
physical or psychological factors
E. Innovative research methods are employed
in a study of eating habits
3. Which of the following best restates the
sentence “. . . . these women consumed several
hundred fewer calories than they burned.”
(paragraph 3)?
A. Burning calories for the women was more
important than having calories
B. The women’s calory intake was less than
that of their calory burning
C.
women consumed more calories.
D. Rather than having one calories, the
women got rid of fewer calories
E. When consuming fewer calories, women
needed to burn more
4. The paragraph following the passage will
likely . . . .
A. Deal with merits of weight loss
B. Discuss hormones pertinent to appetite
C. Describe the implication of the research
findings
D. Explain the work of ghrelin
E. Show the worth of types of excercise
5. What is the closest meaning of appetite in
paragraph 2?
A. Beverage D. excercise
B. Food E. habit
C. Passion
Agro-ecologists do not always agree about
what agro-ecology is or should be in the long-term.
Different definitions of the term agro-ecology can be
distinguished largely by the specificity with which one
defines the term "ecology," as well as the term's
potential political connotations. Definitions of agro-
ecology, therefore, may be first grouped according to
the specific contexts within which they situate
agriculture. Agro-ecology is defined as "the study of
the relation of agricultural crops and environment."
This definition refers to the "- ecology" part of "agro-
ecology" narrowly as the natural environment.
Following this definition, an agro-ecologist would
study agriculture's various relationships with soil
health, water quality, air quality, meso and micro-
fauna, surrounding flora, environmental toxins, and
other environmental contexts.
A more common definition of the word can be
taken from Dalgaard et al., who refer to agro-ecology
as the study of the interactions between plants,
animals, humans and the environment within
agricultural systems. Consequently, agro-ecology is
inherently multidisciplinary, including factors from
agronomy, ecology, sociology, economics and related
disciplines, in this case, the 'ecology" portion of "agro-
ecology is defined broadly to include social, cultural,
and economic contexts as well.
6. The points provided in paragraph 2 of the
passage explain that . . .
A. Different places tend to define agro-
ecology scientifically
B. Interpreting agro-ecology needs to include
political sides
C. Agro-ecology is associated geographycally
and politically
D. People’s aspiration of agro-ecology differs
significantly
E. Nobody can define agro-ecology with
scientific precision
 7. Ideas in paragraph 1 and 2 define agro-ecology
as shown in the consecutive realtion as . . .
A. Political and interactive approaches
B. General and cross authoritative sides
C. Multidisciplinary and restricted angles
D. Ecology and socio-economic viewpoints
E. Agricultural and socio-cultural perspective
8. Based on the passage above, if someone is a
genuine agro-ecologist, he/she will likely . . . .
A. Examine social, cultural, and economic
aspects
B. Do research on environmental and
political loads
C. Include scientific methodology in his/her
approach
D. Put aside social aspect in his/her
ecological studies
E. Make use of multidisciplinary
9. Regarding the definition of agro-ecology, the
author assumes that it . . .
A. Tends to denote scientific loads
B. May be understood contextually
C. Has universal underlying values
D. Can be interpreted differently
E. Should be exclusively situated
10. Based on the passage above, which one of the
following statements is not correct?
A. The ecology is a part of agro-ecology
narrowly as the natural environment
B. Agro ecology is as the study of the
interactions between humans and plants
C. Different definitions of the term agro-
ecology can be distinguished largerly
D. Agro-ecology is inherently
multidisciplinary
E. In that passage agro-ecology can be
defined broadly
Current wisdom inclines toward the view
that disasters are not exceptional events. They tend
to be repetitive and to concentrate in particular
places. With regard to (11) ... . Seismic and volcanic
belts, hurricane-generating areas and unstable slopes
are well known. Moreover, the frequency of events
and therefore their statistical recurrence intervals are
often fairly well established at least for the smaller
and more frequent occurrences. Many technological
hazards also follow more or less predictable
patterns, although these (12) ... become apparent
only when research reveals them. (13) ... ,
intelligence gathering, strategic studies, and policy
analyses can help us to understand the pattern of
emergencies resulting from conflict and insurgence.
Thus, there is little excuse for being caught
unprepared.
The main scope of emergency planning is to
(14) ... the risk to life and limb posed by actual and
potential disasters. Secondary motives involve
reducing damage, ensuring public safety during the
aftermath of a disaster, and caring for survivors and
the disadvantaged. Inefficiencies in planning are
translated very easily into loss of life, injuries, or
damage (15) ... could have been avoided. Thus,
emergency planning is at least a moral, and perhaps
also a legal, responsibility for all those who are
involved with the safety of the public or employees.
Moreover, planning cannot be successfully
improvised during emergencies; this represents one
of the worst forms of inefficiency and most likely
sources of error and confusion. Fortunately,
however, 50 years of intensive research and
accumulated experience have furnished an ample
basis for planning.
Given that disasters tend to be repetitive
events, they form a cycle that can be divided into
phases of mitigation, preparedness, response and
delivery, including reconstruction. The first two
stages occur before catastrophe strikes and the last
two afterwards. The actions taken differ for each of
the periods, as different needs (16) .... Mitigation
comprises all actions designed to reduce the impact
of future disasters. These are usually divided into
structural measures and non-structural measures,
which include land-use planning, insurance,
legislation, and evacuation planning. The term
preparedness refers to actions taken to ease the
impact of disasters when they are forecast. They also
include security measures, such as the evacuation of
vulnerable populations and sandbagging of river
levees as flood-waters begin to rise.
Response refers to emergency actions taken
during both the impact of a disaster and the short-
term aftermath. The principal emphasis is on saving
human lives. Victims are rescued and the immediate
needs of survivors are attended to. Recovery is the
process of repairing damage, (17) ... services, and
reconstructing facilities after disaster has struck.
While major catastrophes may take as long as 25
years to recover, much less time is needed in lighter
impacts or disasters that strike smaller areas.
11. . . .
A. Emergency planning
B. Natural catastrophes
C. Security measures
D. Impacts of disaster
E. Strategic study
12. . . .
A. Have to D. Must
B. Should E. May
C. Will
13. . . .
A. Therefore D. Similarly
B. Finally E. In addition
C. However
 A. Basically everyone tends to get sick when
14. . . . they are travelling
A. Inform D. Take B. There is no definite solution to the
B. Endanger E. Reduce problem of motion sickness
C. Attempt C. Medical help is the best way to cure
15. . . . motion sickness
A. That D. In which D. There are so many ways for people to stop
B. Whose E. For which getting motion sickness
C. Who E. Motion sickness can be overcome by any
16. . . . drug prescribed by a doctor
A. Were tackled D. tackled 20. The meaning of ‘over-the-counter
B. Are tackled E. To tackle medication’ is medicine bought . . .
C. Are tackling A. Outside drugstore
17. . . . B. In small grocery stores
A. Restore D. Restoring C. Only in drugstore
B. To restore E. It restoring D. By paying cash
C. Restored E. Without prescription

Motion sickness comes in many forms, not just

seasickness. Ninety percent of the human race is
susceptible to motion sickness of one kind or another.
Some people become sick when they sit in the
backseat of a car; others cannot read or look at a map
in any kind of moving vehicle. People get motion
sickness on airplanes, motorcycles, amusement park
rides, and even on camels! Scientists have learned that
motion sickness occurs when the brain is trying to
make sense of a situation and there are too many
conflicting messages. While the eyes are sending one
message, the ears are trying to send a message about
balance. The skin and bone joints, sensitive to air
pressure send another message.
people who have experienced violent motion
sickness try to avoid travel. But that is not always
possible. So travelers should employ some well-known
strategies to avoid getting sick. The most useful
strategy concerns food: eat a light meal before
traveling and bring along a packet of plain soda
crackers to snack on regularly. Avoid alcoholic and
carbonated beverages, high-fat foods, and spices. Care
in choosing the location of your seat is another
important strategy. In a car, sit at the front and keep
your eyes fixed on the horizon.
People who still got sick after trying these
strategies can try medical help. Some rely on over-the
counter medications, although some of them can make
you sleepy. Others use simple ginger capsules to settle
their stomach. A large number of travelers use pressure
bands on their wrists. It is not clear how these bands
work, but they do prevent motion sickness.

18. Victims of motion sickness can reduse the

chance of becoming sick by doing the
following, except . . .
A. Avoiding spicy foods
B. Eating a light meal before traveling
C. Consuming high-fat food
D. Taking the backseat in a car
E. Not consuming alcohol
19. From the text we may conclude that . . .