Tertiary education in Australia is different to 2. The word boast in paragraph ...
in the passage
many other countries in that it is divided into two
sectors: Vocational Education and Training (VET)
and Higher Education.
All countries have a higher education sector
which people usually associate with universities, but
Australia is one of just a few countries that have a
vocational education sector where a trainee is
assessed by his or her acquisition of competencies,
and focuses on the development of skills relevant to a
trade or field of skilled specialization. In fact,
Australia‘s VET sector is internationally recognized
as providing world‘s best practice in vocational
training, and qualifications from Australian VET
instituitions are recognized worldwide. The VET
sector is comprised of public and private training
institutions, referred to collectively as Registered
Training Organizations (RTOs). Government-funded
or public training institutions are known as colleges
or institutes of Technical and Further Education, and
an increasing number now also offer, undergraduate
degree (Bachelor) courses.
Australia‘s higher education sector is world
class and all Australia‘s universities have highly
active and comprehensive international programs.
Universities in Australia have been welcoming
international students for more than a century, and
today most campuses boast an ethnic mix in the
student body of 50 or more nationalities. Cultural
sensitivity, tolerance of religious observance and
freedom of expression are proudly promoted and
encouraged by all Australian universities. Although
every Australian university is autonomous and sets
its own standard and course offerings, each belongs
to a unified national system which ensures that at
undergraduate level, all Australian university degrees
are nominally of equal quality. Australian
universities are not officially ranked, as in some
countries, but instead are characterized by types of
courses they offer. While some are more traditional
and place great emphasis on research, others are
more actively engaged in practical teaching,
producing workforce-ready, skilled graduates. Some
universities also specialize in course and research
programs according to their location.
1. What is the topic of the passage?
A. Tertiary education in Australia and in other
countries.
B. Types of tertiary education in Australia
C. Two sectors of tertiary education
D. Specialization in Australian tertiary
education
E. Australian world class education systems
means. . .
A. Promote D. Possess
B. Allow E. Praise
C. Offer
3. According to the passage, Australian
universities are well known for. . .
A. Their accreditation rank
B. Their program specification
C. Their emphasis on research
D. Their skilled graduates
E. Their specific locations
Numerous studies have suggested that caffeine
has many health benefits. Now, new research
suggests that a dose of caffeine after a learning
session may help to boost long-term memory. This is
according to a study published in the Journal of
Nature Neuroscience.
The research team, led by Daniel Borota of the
Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, notes that
although previous research has analyzed the effects
of caffeine as a cognitive enhancer, whether caffeine
can impact long-term memory has not been studied
in detail. To find out, the investigators analyzed 160
participants aged between 18 and 30 years. On the
first day of the study, the participants were shown
pictures of different objects and were asked to
identify them as ―indoor‖ or ―outdoor‖ items. Soon
after this task, they were randomized to receive either
200 mg caffeine in the form of a pill, or a placebo
tablet- a tablet containing no caffeine.
The next day, the participants were shown the
same pictures as well as some new ones. The
researchers asked them to identify whether the
pictures were ―new‖, ―old‖ or ―similar to the
original pictures.
From this, the researchers found that subjects
who took the caffeine were better at identifying
pictures that were similar, compared with
participants who took the placebo. However, the
researchers note that both groups were able to
accurately distinguish whether pictures were old or
new.
The team conducted further experiments using
100 mg and 300 mg doses of caffeine. They found
that performance was better after the 200 mg dose,
compared with the 100 mg dose, but there was no
improvement after the 300 mg of caffeine, compared
with 200 mg. ―Thus, we conclude that a dose of at
least 200 mg is required to observe the enhancing
effect of caffeine on consolidation of memory, ― the
study authors write. The team also found that
memory performance was not improved if subjects
were given caffeine 1 hour before carrying out the
picture identification test. The investigators say there
are many possibilities as to how caffeine may
enhance long-term memory. For example, they say it
may block a molecule called adenosine, preventing it
from stopping the function of norepinephrine – a
hormone that has been shown to have positive effects
on memory.
They note that further research should be
conducted to better understand the mechanisms by
which caffeine affects long-term memory. They add:
―Given the widespread use of caffeine and the
growing interest in its effects both as a cognitive
enhancer and as a neuroprotectant, these questions
are of critical importance.‖ But it is not all good
news. One study suggests that the stimulant is able to
disrupt sleep patterns hours after consuming it, while
another proposes that caffeine from energy drinks
may alter heart function
4. The evidence on the hypothesis about caffeine
mentioned in paragraph 1 is stated in
sentence.....
A. 2 D. 5
B. 3 E. 6
C. 4
5. Based on the passage, which of the following
reflects the idea of relationships between
consuming coffee and learners’ memory?
A. Parental support and grades
B. Social status and income
C. Teacher and student
D. Flower and fruit
E. Water and thirst
6. Dealing with the passage, the author assumes
that...
A. It is still unclear when coffee brings positive
and negative impacts to human
B. The samples used in the study did not
involve various races of human
C. Coffee has more benefits than disadvantages
for human
D. Studies about functions of caffeine are
inconclusive
7. The need to identify the relation of caffeine with
brain is stated in paragraph....
A. 2 D. 5
B. 3 E. 6
C. 4
8. In paragraph 4, the author implies that the
subjects who took caffeine and those who did
not.....
A. Can recognize similar pictures equally well
B. Perform differently in taking different
photographs
C. Are capable of differentiating various kinds
of pictures
D. Are different in distinguishing old pictures
from new ones
E. Show no difference in identifying ‘new’ or
‘old’ pictures
9. Which of the following best restates ideas of
paragraph 4?
A. The study on memory found differences
between groups in the skills to distinguish
things
B. The group with coffee in the study was no
better than that without in identifying things
C. The study found drinking coffee was good
for activities requiring identification
D. The use of placebo can increase ability to
identify new and old things
E. The study was about comparison of drinking
coffee and placebo
Fill the blanks based on the following information!
The present study sought to document the
word reading and comprehension levels attained by
children who were implanted by 5 year of age. It was
hypothesized that the improved speech perception
abilities acquired with cochlear implantation would
promote phonological coding skills. (1) …
Three subtests of diagnostic reading
assessment batteries standardized on hearing children
were administered to 181 children between 8 year 0
month and 9 year 11 month of age who had 4 to 6
years of implant experience. (2) …It include a lexical
decision task, a rhyme task, and the digit span subtest
of the Wechler Intelligence Scale for Children.
Over half of the children scored within
scored within the average range for their age
compared with the normative data for hearing
children. (3)… They were higher nonverbal
intelligence, higher family socio-economic status,
and later onset of deafness between birth and 36
months.
10. . . .
A. The finding showed that the hypothesis was
accepted.
B. The implantation was eventually shown to be
successful.
C. The following paragraph would discuss the
findings of the study.
D. The objective of the study was to see the
subjects‘ reading skills.
E. It would also facilitate the acquisition of
beginning reading skills.
11. . . . .
A. Likewise, the children were obliged to take
a reading test
B. In addition, a battery of processing measures
was administered
C. However, standard measurement was
applied to test the subject
D. Consequently, the assessment was used to
evaluate the reading skills
E. Instead, an interview consisting of many
different tasks was conducted
12. . . . .
A. The result were categorized based on the
subjects‘ status.
B. Data were collected on the basis of several
different items.
C. Reading competence was associated with
three aspects.
D. The subjects consisted of different age
children.
E. Findings showed various levels of reading
skills.
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) — Astronomer
and Scientist. Galileo developed a superior
telescope and made many significant discoveries in
astronomy. He was sentenced to life imprisonment
by the inquisition for his support for the
Copernican theory that the sun was at the centre of
the solar system.
Galileo was born in Florence, Italy in 1564 to a
poor but noble family. His parents recognized their
child‟s innate intelligence and talents and so made
sacrifices to have him educated. At his father‟s
insistence, Galileo studied the profitable career of
medicine. But, at the University of Pisa, Galileo
became fascinated in a wide range of subjects. He
was also critical of many of Aristotle‟s teaching
which had dominated education for the past 2,000
years.
Galileo was appointed to be a mathematics
professor at the University of Pisa, but his strident
criticisms of Aristotle left him isolated among his
contemporaries. After three years of persecution,
he resigned and went to the University of Padua,
where he taught maths. His entertaining lectures
attracted a large following and he was able to
spend the next 18 years pursuing his interests in
astronomy and mechanics.
A. We must always belief whatever the society
believes to avoid getting persecuted
B. We must never go againts the believe of the
society to avoid getting imprisoned
C. We should believe in something and stay
faithful to it no matter how hard
D. We must sacrifice everything to get
ourselves educated
E. We should spend 18 years to pursue our
interest
14. According to the biography, why did Galileo
Galilei resign from his teaching job at the
University of Pisa?
A. he had attracted many followers
B. he was persecuted for three years
C. he was appointed as a mathematics
professor
D. he had a better offer from the University
of Padua
E. he wanted to pursue his interests in
astronomy and mechanics
15. “His parents recognized their child‟s innate
intelligence and talents and so made sacrifices
to have him educated.” (Paragraph 2)
The underlined word is closest in meaning
to ....
A. acquired
B. ingenious
C. multiple
D. inborn
E. strident

13. Something that we can learn from Galileo

Galilei’s biography is. . .