The Relationship between Sleep Deprivation and Cognitive Performance

of La Patria College Senior High Student

A Practical Research Presented to the

Faculty of the Senior High School
La Patria College
Santiago City

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in

Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion
Second Semester
A.Y. 2023-2024

By:
Aquino, Princess B.
Concepcion, Devine A.
Duque, Althea Mae G.
Lorenzana, Jillian Mae V.
Mangabat, Jho Nhar M.
Ramos, Noemi G.
Vitales, Johnson A.

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APPROVAL SHEET

2
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researcher acknowledges and thanks the following:

To begin with, the researchers simply want to thank God for

allowing them the chance to carry out this study. Second, the researchers would

like to express their profound gratitude to their research adviser, Ma'am Melody

Moyongan, for her assistance in performing this study as well as for supplying

the necessary knowledge and strength. The researchers also appreciate her

patience and compassion. To be her student was an enormous honor and

privilege. The researchers also wants to thank Ma'am Aisen Faith C. Marrero,

LPT, MPA, the Senior High School coordinator and for allowing them to perform

this study at La Patria College. Gratitude and appreciation are also given to the

survey respondents, who voluntarily contributed with their full cooperation,

enabling the research study to be completed successfully. Also, the researchers

would like to thank them for contributing their time and knowledge to this study.

Last but not least, researchers want to express their

gratitude to their parents for their financial consideration and unwavering support

during the completion of the study Also, they are grateful for their words of

support during the late-night hours spent conducting the research.

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 The Researchers

DEDICATION

In pursuit of knowledge, this research was dedicated to the

relentless spirit of curiosity, the driving force behind every discovery. May this

endeavor contribute to the ever-growing tapestry of understanding. To their

supportive and beloved parents who have been their source of strength to their

Research Adviser Ma’am Melody S. Moyongan, who gave her tremendous effort,

support, patience, and guidance throughout the study.

The Researchers

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 ABSTRACT

Name of Institution: La Patria College Address: 08 Guzman Street, Calao West,

3311 Santiago City, Isabela

Title: The Relationship between Sleep Deprivation and Cognitive

performance of La Patria College Senior High Student

Authors: Aquino, Princess B. Concepcion, Devine A. Duque, Althea Mae G.

Lorenzana, Jillian Mae V. Mangabat, Jho Nhar M. Ramos, Noemi G. Vitales,

Johnson A.

Strand: Humanities and social sciences

Date of Completion: January 2024

This study is conducted to prove if there's a significant

relationship between sleep deprivation and academic performance. This study

was conducted at La Patria College, Santiago City, with a total of one hundred-

fifty respondents who were Senior High School students from ABM, HUMSS, and

STEM strand. The respondents are selected through stratified random sampling.

Aims to know if there is a significant relationship between sleep deprivation and

Academic Performance of the senior high school students studying at La Patria

College. The researcher used survey as a method of gathering data from

respondents.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………
APPROVAL SHEET……………………………………….. ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………iii-iv
DEDICATION………………………………………………...v
ABSTRACT………………………………………………….vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………….........vii-vii
LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………viii
LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………… ix

CHAPTER I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction………………………………..….…….….….…1-4
Conceptual Framework…………………..….…….…..…….. 5
Statement of the Problem…………………...………..…........6
Hypothesis……………………………………...……….……...6
Scope and Delimitation………….………….….…….…..…6-7
Significance of the Study……….…………........………….7-8
Definition of terms …………………….…………………..9-10

CHAPTER II. RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Foreign Literature ………………………………………..11-12

Local Literature ………………………………………..…12-13
Foreign Studies ………………………………………….13-14
Local Studies …………………………………...………..14-15
Synthesis…………………………………………………..

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CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design ……………………………………….…16

Research Locale………………………………….………. 17
Research Respondents ………………………………17-18
Research Instrument…………………………………….. 19
Data Gathering Procedure ………………………………19
Treatment of Data …………………………………….19-20

CHAPTER IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

OF DATA . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 21-31

CHAPTER V. SUMMARY , SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings …………………………...33-34

Conclusions ………………………………………….34
Recommendation…….…………………………. ….35

BIBLIOGRAPY ………………………………………...36

APPENDICIS

Appendix A Letter to the Principal ……………..37

Appendix B Letter to the Respondents………..38
Appendix C Certificate of Proofreading……….39
Appendix D Survey Questionnaire…………….40

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Appendix E Curriculum Vitae. ……………..41-47

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Distribution and Total Number of Respondents. . . . . .

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study ………………………………4-5

Figure 2. Demographic Profile (Grade, Academic Strand, & Section)

Figure 2.2 Demographic profile (Gender)

Figure 3. Hours students spend on studying

Figure 3.1 Hours students spend on leisure activities

Figure 3.2 Students’ average sleeping hours

Figure 3.3 Students’ frequent experience of lack of sleep

Figure 3.4 Night Owl or Morning Pers

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 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter includes the introduction, statement of the

problem, hypothesis, scope and delimitation, significance of the study, and

definition of terms used.

INTRODUCTION

Sleep is a fundamental aspect of human existence, for it is

the foundation of our physical, mental, and emotional well-being. It helps us to

have a healthy and functional body. Sleep is our way to replenish the energy we

use throughout the day. It is indeed important to get enough sleep every night.

Especially for the students, because they need to focus on their studies and

activities. However, the modern setup of our education system often demands

more of the students time. They often used their time to fulfill the requirements

needed for them to graduate or get promoted to the next level of their school

journey. Because of this, most of the students cannot complete the advisable

amount of sleep needed to have a healthy and conditioned body. And having a

little sleep will cause sleep deprivation.

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 Sleep deprivation, a general term, is described as state

caused by inadequate quantity or quality of sleep, including voluntary or

involuntary sleeplessness. Sleep deprivation is a common problem that our

society is facing. Being sleep deprived involves a lot of factors. Sleep deprivation

is commonly experienced by students due to the pressure and the goals they

need to achieve

In the study conducted by Emerson (2018), it was found out

that most of the high school students were sleep-deprived. In the study that he

conducted, the college students ranked sleep deprivation as the number two

cause of difficulties with academic performance. They reported that those

students who are not getting enough sleep often experience the feeling of being

dragged and drowsy, as well as difficulty focusing in class discussions.

In relation, according to Summer and Viyas (2022), a

normal person needs at least eight hours of sleep each night in order to

function well. They mentioned that people who have not slept for a day will feel

more drowsy and less attentive than those who have alcohol intakes. And being

drowsy will not benefit the students ability to focus on their class during

discussion. It will make them less attentive and make them have a hard time

grasping the lesson the teacher discussed.

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 According to Kushida (2022), being sleep deprived will affect

a person’s memory consolidation.This mean that speson will have a hard time

remembering the things that he already knows or has studied. A person with

weak memory consolidation will have a difficult time recalling shortterm events in

their life. Healthy memory consolidation is a vital aspect for the students; they

need it to remember their lessons easily. Memory consolidation will affect the

capacity of students to remember the lessons they have already reviewed.

Sleep deprivation is a widespread issue across the globe.

Some surveys say that most of the students in different countries are

experiencing a lack of sleep every day due to various reasons. In the Philippine

context, many students are also not getting enough sleep each night.

According to Jelali et al. (2020), it was found out that

previous studies have shown that sleep timing, as reported by individuals as

sleeping late or inconsistently, waking up too late, especially on weekends, and

daytime sleepiness, is associated with cognitive performance. With these

underlying issues connected to sleep deprivation, having little to no sleep while

studying is a threat to how well the students will perform in their class.

In the study of Mehta (2022), sleep deprivation is one of the

factors that affects students performance in class. He mentioned that sleep

deprivation affects the social relationships of the students towards each other. It

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was found out that being sleep-deprived will make you short-tempered and

grumpy. And having a negative attitude will affect your cognitive performance.

The study solely addresses the effect of sleep deprivation on the emotions of the

students and how it affects their academic performance. The study only used two

variables, emotional factors and academic performance. Thus, this study will fill

the gap in Mehta by focusing on cognitive aspects. And how does sleep

deprivation affect the cognitive skills of the students, leading to the overall impact

of sleep deprivation on their academic performance.

That’s why this research is very timely because sleep

deprivation is a current issue among students. For it affects their academic

performance and other school-related activities. Sleep deprivation has long been

a problem that needs a better understanding and solution. With that, this study

aims to know if there is a significant relationship between sleep deprivation and

the cognitive performance of the senior high school students studying at La

Patria College. Sleep deprivation is our independent variable, and cognitive

performance is the dependent variable.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

I.Demographic profile Assessment of the The Result of the
of the respondents “The Relationship of study in terms of:
A. Strand Sleep Deprivation
and Cognitive a. Student
B. Age sleeping pattern
Performance of
C. Gender b. Common
La Patria College
II. Student sleeping Senior High factors affecting
pattern the sleeping
Students”
patterns/habits of
III. Common factors
Data students
a
affecting the sleeping • Gathering
procedure c. Impact of sleep
patterns/habits of deprivation on
Permission letter
students students
Formulating
IV . Impact of sleep cognitive abilities
questions
deprivation on
d. Relationship of
students' cognitive Survey lack of sleep to
abilities Interpreting the data students cognitive
V. Relationship lack of performance

of sleep to students
cognitive performance

FEEDBACK

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study specifically sought answers to the following questions:

1.What are the common factors affecting the sleeping patterns/habit of the

students?

2.How does sleep deprivation affect the students’ cognitive performance?

3.Is there any relationship between sleep deprivation and the cognitive

performance of the students?

HYPOTHESIS

The expected result of this study is that there is a significant

relationship between sleep deprivation and the cognitive performance of Senior

high school students at La Patria College.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This research report aims to investigate the relationship

between sleep deprivation and cognitive performance among senior high

students of La Patria College academic year 2023-2024. This study intends to

contribute to the existing body of knowledge by examining the specific

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relationship between sleep deprivation and cognitive performance within the

context of La Patria College. To achieve this objective, a descriptive correlational

research design will be employed. The sample will consist of senior high students

from La Patria College, selected using stratified random sampling techniques. In

gathering the Data the researcher will ask a permission on the school principal.

Once approved, the researcher will make a letter for the participants which will be

ready before conducting the survey. In collecting the data, survey questionnaire

will be used as an instrument. The surveys will assess sleep patterns, hours of

sleep obtained, and subjective perceptions of sleep quality among the

participants.

This study may only produce results relevant to the study

participant. It should not be considered as a basis of overall relationship of sleep

deprivation on academic performance. This study focuses on cognitive

performance of the students only and not included other variable that may be

affected if a person is sleep deprived, such as physical performance, mental

health, and emotional wellbeing.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study focuses on the relationship of sleep deprivation

and academic performance of the students. Our study will give insight on how

sleep deprivation has a connection on how a student will perform in class. Which

will be beneficial to the following:

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Student - This research can be beneficial to the students, For it can raise

awareness on how does sleep quality contribute on their academic success.

Knowing the consequences of sleep that can also be a way for the students to

manage their time effectively.

Parents - This can Informed Parents to have a better communication with their

children about the importance of sleep on their Performance at School. And learn

not to pressure their children that can lead to lack of sleep because of over

studying.

Teacher - This study can lead to a much healthier relationship between the

teacher and the students. Knowing the struggle of the students can be a way for

the teacher to reduce their expectations and allot more time for each activity they

will give.

Future Researcher – This research can be a basis of information and Research

gap for future Researcher with the same studies like us. They can include

variable such as emotional and physical aspect that might be affected if a person

is sleep deprived.

School Administration – School administrators can use this information to

make data-driven decisions when implementing policies or interventions to

improve student outcomes.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms are defined to provide a better understanding to the readers:

Academic Performance. It refers to the measurement of student achievement

across various academic subjects.

Academic Plans. It identifies objectives to match the mission of an institution

with the needs of learners.

Academic Success. It is defined as academic achievement, satisfaction,

acquisition of desired knowledge, skills and competencies.

Cognitive Skills. It refers to the core skills your brain uses to think, read, learn,

remember, reason, and pay attention.

Deadlines. It refers to the given time or date by which something should be

completed.

Grade. It refers to a mark indicating the quality of a student’s work.

Memory Loss. It refers to a reduced ability to remember things such as dates

and names, and increased forgetfulness.

Reasoning. It pertains to the action of thinking about something in a logical, and

sensible way.

Sleep. It refers to a period of reduced consciousness, diminished muscular

activity

Sleep Deprivation. It pertains to the state of not getting enough sleep

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Sleep Quality. It pertains to the measurement of how well you’re sleeping.

CHAPTER II

RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the review of related literature and

studies on the different variables from local and foreign sources. This also

includes the synthesis of the study.

FOREIGN LITERATURE

According to Sleep Deprivation and Cognition book (2022),

there is a significant reduction in efforts and motivational aspect on people who

are sleep deprived. People who are sleep deprived at night performed worse

than those who take a normal sleep at night. People who are sleep deprived tend

to process information slower and function worse than those who are not sleep

deprived Khurzham (2016).

According to Feld et al. (2016), sleep support memory

consolidation for it improves the critical thinking and memory capacity of a

person. Sleep deprivation has been associated with different kinds of problem in

terms of memories and academic performances. Most of the students think that

sleeping late to review for their exam is very helpful, but in reality it will just lead

in a worse performance in school. Because sleeping late affect the students’

memory and negatively impact the students academic performance.

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 According to the, National Sleep Foundation (2019), they

strictly recommend that students and teenager should get enough sleep, 7 to 9

hours per night in order to be able to properly respond to their activities and

academic performances at school. Sleep deprivation will come from not getting

the necessary amount of hours of sleep or at the designated time.

LOCAL LITERATURE

According to Sygaco (2021), people should keep sleeping

with 8 hours to 10 hours of sleep to balance life. Due to the energy of our body

used in our daily life, however we need to fill it with a solution by resting at night

so that we can achieve a comfortable rest. In this study, it is said that lack of

sleep can affect the cognitive performance of students due to the difficulty of

academic tasks. Students spend their time doing school projects or using social

media and videos when they review their previous lessons.

According to Toyong (2020), being sleepy in class can

impact the academic performance. Lack of sleep can be harmful and even

deadly. He also said that they are some reason that causes lack of sleep. First

using of Facebook and other social media app at late at night. Also making

assignments or homework. Toyong said it have a prevalent classroom behavior

like students were sleepy during class. Slept during class vacant period and

behavior of feeling tired during discussion. This implied that high occurrence of

sleepiness classroom behavior is associated to low academic performance. The

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implications may serve as basis for policy makers, school administrators and

teachers to educate students including the parents on the proper use of mobile

phones and other gadgets. The parents need to set sleeping time or lights-off

rules and regulate the use of mobile phones. Sleeping time or routine shall be

imposed. School administrators and teachers need to craft a well-planned and

well-designed policy on giving assignments and homework to attain high

scholastic achievement.

The Healthy Living Index Survey by PSSMI (2019), revealed

that Filipinos were the most sleep-deprived among the respondents. The survey

also reported that less than 6 hours of sleep was the norm for 32% of Filipinos,

while 46% of them felt they did not get enough sleep. The Philippine Society of

Sleep Medicine also found that one in five filipinos suffered from sleep

deprivation. The causes of this problem included lifestyle changes, irregular work

schedules, and personal and relational issues. Sleep quality and sleep disorders

were also influenced by factors such as gender, age, and drug abuse.

FOREIGN STUDIES

According to Neurosci (2020), effect of Sleep Deprivation

on the working memory-related N2-P3 components of the event-related potential

waveform, according to Neuroscience (2020). The growing problem of sleep

deprivation in society and how it affects productivity at work, as well as one’s

physical and mental health. The text cites earlier studies that highlight the myriad
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effects of sleep deprivation, including mood changes, cognitive impairment, and

a decline in work performance. It emphasizes the necessity of understanding

how sleep deprivation affects cognitive function in order to effectively prevent its

negative consequences. It explores the various regions affected, including

response inhibition, memory, cerebral blood flow, and neuropsychological

processes. Working memory, a critical.

According to Worley (2018), lack of sleep can have a direct

impact to your mood and behavior, also we tend to become a lot more sensitive

socially and mostly emotionally when we are sleep deprived. According to

Triantafillou et al. (2019), being easily irritable or short tempered has a direct

impact on what we accomplish during the day and how we respond to a

situations. It does not account for the most ideal situation to learn and process

information. Additionally, mood disturbances are frequently seen as the defining

signs of mental health conditions including depression and anxiety, which cause

sleep disruptions and poor sleep quality.

LOCAL STUDIES

According to Sygaco (2021), people need to sleep at night in

order to replenish the strength we used during daytime. People need to sleep in

order to recharge and acquire a decent amount of rest during night time. Sleep is

an essential factor needed in order for a person to function well. If sleep is

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interrupted, the sleep cycle will reset resulting in a unhealthy sleep pattern. In our

current generation, sleep deprivation is a common problem that our society is

facing, especially with the teenagers in this current generation. The extension of

k-12 program here in Philippines has brought a massive change in our Education

system. It caused a lot of effort to adapt in many changes. Due to pending

homeworks and project, students were leave with no choice but to sacrifice their

sleep in order to satisfy the needs of the current Education system.

According to Bermundo (2019), most of the students do not

get enough of sleep since the time needed for sleep among teenage students is

8-10 hours. Students nowadays are dealing with mental health problems that

have been spread in our country. Thus, pressure of ton of schoolwork and family

issues that can contribute to mental inability. On the other side, sleep deprivation

is inability to allows the body to relax and recover from our activities. With the

mental inability, students are unable to focus and provide their full effort, and

many instances of sleep deprivation can also ruin their activities, particularly to

those students who are involved in scholastic activities.

According to Nacino & Serafines (2019), symptoms that are

related to reducing the ability of the students to think critically and do well to their

academic performances are because of sleep deprivation. The majority of the

respondents say that they sleeping at night and say that school work is the main

problems in having a inadequate sleep. Being a sleep deprived can cause a

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person to be short tempered and 79% of the total respondents say they are

having a situation when they are having a inadequate sleep.

SYNTHESIS

Sleep deprivation can be associated to poor cognitive

performance. It affects the students’ memory consolidation, and attention span,

logical thinking, and over all cognitive performance.

CHAPTER III

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 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presented the research design, research locale

and respondents of the study, research instruments, and data gathering

procedure, and treatment of data.

RESEARCH DESIGN

In this study, the researcher used Correlational research

method under quantitative. Correlational research method can be defined as

investigating relationships between two variables without the researcher

controlling or manipulating any of them. Correlational research method will be

used in order to know the relationship of sleep deprivation and academic

performance of the students.

RESEARCH LOCALE

In order to get the required data from the target respondents,

the researchers conduct a survey at the Senior High School Building of La Patria

College, Located at 08 Guzman Street, Calao West, Santiago City, Isabela.

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