Sleep Deprivation and Academic Performance Among Senior High School Students of

UM Digos College

A Research PaperProposal Research 3s

Submitted to:

Prof. Arnel Bernal

Submitted by:

Anna Mae A. Lausa

Jomarey C. Codeño

Marc Ian R. Dela Peña

Pamela Jean R. Cinco

Princess C. De Leon

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 Chapter One

Rationale

High school life can be stressful but most memorable experience in everyone’s life.

At this stage, a person starts to develop from childishness to early adolescence. They become

easily distracted, vulnerable to temptations and several changes. But people around them are

expecting them to excel academically more than they do when they were younger.

Life school hours start too early preventing the students from getting the rest they

need. Having enough sleep is important for their health, safety, and academic performance.

Significant risks that come with lack of sleep includes higher rates of obesity and depression,

involvement in motor accidents as well as low quality of life.

Sleep plays an important role in a person’s life. It fuels up a person’s brain and body.

Having sufficient sleep is very essential for an individual’s total health (physical, mental,

social and cognitive). Having adequate sleep is one of the important requirements of the

learning process for memory and good academic performance for students.

Some studies regarding sleep deprivation show that inadequate sleep has negative

effects or consequences on many cognitive tests, motor skills, verbal learning and abstract

thinking. The study of Hamilton, et al. (2011) showed that college students who have

inadequate sleep most likely experienced emotional instability, memory loss, excessive

daytime sleepiness and poor concentration. The study was only focused on sleep deprivation

in relation to an individual’s physiological and developmental aspects.

It is important to have further understanding on the impact of sleep deprivation on the

academic performance of SHS students. Nonetheless, to be clarified, the researchers will

conduct this study to know the possible effects of sleep deprivation in the academic

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performance of selected Senior High School students in UM Digos College in order to find

answers and identify the truth behind the said speculations

Research Objectives

At the end of the study, the researcher will be able:

1. To determine the effect of sleep deprivation on the academic performance of Senior

High School students,

2. To gather data regarding the factors that can cause sleep deprivation on students,

3. To find out the relationship between sleep deprivation and academic performances of

Senior High School students.

Hypothesis

Ha: There is a significant relationship between sleep deprivation and academic performance

of Senior High School students.

Ho: There is no significant relationship between sleep deprivation and academic performance

of Senior High School students.

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Review of Related Literature

In this chapter, the researchers will present the topics that are related to the effects of

sleep deprivation on the academic performance of students, mainly based on two indicators;

sleep deprivation and academic performance. The research findings by other researchers will

also be presented and discussed to provide a necessary background of this study. Also, it will

present foreign literature studies from different authors that are relevant to the researchers’

study.

Sleep deprivation

Significance of the Study

The results of the study entitled "Sleep Deprivation and Academic Performance

Among Senior High School Students of UM Digos College" will be a great benefit to the

following:

Students - This study will give awareness to students, especially Senior High Students, on

the effect of sleep deprivation and their academic performance. The study will help them

open their minds that being sleep deprived affects their academic performance and can

motivate them to perform well in class.

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Parents - Parent involvement is one factor that has been consistently related to a child's

increased academic performance. This study will also help parents understand the

consequences of sleep deprivation on their son/daughter.

Teachers - The study could help the teachers to understand the effects of sleep deprivation in

the academic performance of their students and may serve as an eye opener on how will they

handle them. Being engaged with the teacher will promote a stronger and more positive

student-teacher relationship.

School Administration - This study could help the school to find out what is needed to

improve the school schedule.

Researchers - The findings of the study will help to develop their cognitive, affective, and

psychomotor domain in terms of conducting research.

Future Researchers - The results of this study will be beneficial to them because it will

serve as their future reference in conducting a research which is related in this study.

Definition of Terms

The following terms have been operationally defined for clearer understanding of the

study.

• Learning – refers to the capability of knowledge of every individual.

• Academic performance – refers to how students perform in their class.

• Sleep deprivation – condition of having not enough sleep.

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• Senior High School - a secondary school typically comprising grade 11 and 12.

• Adolescent – a young person who is developing into young adult.

• Early – existing or happening near the beginning of a period of time.

• Schedule – a plan at a certain time.

• Morning – the early part of the day from sunrise until noon.

• Class – series of meetings wherein students are taught a particular subject or activity.

• Sleep – process where the body takes rest with the eyes closed and a person becomes

unconscious.

Chapter Two

Review of Related Literature

Social media generally refers to a kind of technology and website that provides a

platform for accessing information, sharing ideas and promoting communication. However,

social media use can have negative health-related consequences as well. Using social media

has been associated with important sleep-related outcomes such as a shorter number of hours

slept at night and poorer sleep quality.

This is noteworthy because the National Sleep Foundation reports that almost half of

Americans don’t get the recommended 7–9 hours of sleep on week nights. Because social

media commonly involves interactive screen time, it may be more detrimental to sleep than

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more passive types of screen media, such as watching television. Among other mechanisms,

social media use may also impact sleep directly by displacing sleep and indirectly by

promoting emotional, cognitive, and/or physiological arousal (Sidani & Levenson, 2018).

The relationship between social media use and sleep is complex. Insufficient sleep is a

growing health problem among university students, especially for freshmen during their first

quarter/semester of college. Research has studied how social media technologies impact sleep

quality among students. Researchers have been careful to note the relationship between social

media and sleep is one of correlation, not causation.

According to Cushner et al. (2019), many factors play into it, including social media-

induced depression, internet addiction, and stress; all of which can cause sleep problems in

their own right. On an emotional level, social media is tied to depression and stress, two of

the largest contributors to insomnia. Social media also disturbs sleep on a physical level.

Previous research studies have shown that overuse of electronic media is related to

sleep disorders. Moreover, some research studies show that there is an association between

Facebook dependence and poor quality of sleep. Mechanisms of the association are diverse

and addiction theory is commonly accepted. Poor sleep quality influence related daytime

functioning, working memory, and mood of individuals, the academic results of young

students, and interfered with their interpersonal interactions. However, few college students

are aware of the seriousness of poor sleep.

Findings show that more than half (66.25%) of undergraduate students have poor

sleep quality. The current results are similar with previous studies among undergraduate

students. The present study showed the actual situation of college students regarding the

frequency of use of social media. More than half of undergraduates who use social media

have poor sleep quality.

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 A study in Peru also indicated 69.4% students of Facebook dependence have poor

sleep quality. The results are also similar with prior research, which examined the association

between using social media and sleep quality among college students.

The influences of using social media before bedtime on sleep quality went in many

aspects. Most of the potential impact of social media use on sleep quality seems to be during

daytime. The current study shows that a minority of people experience multiple arousals

during sleep, poor memory and depression. More than half of the respondents experience

fatigue at work and upset. The respondents reported experiencing sleep onset latencies of

more than 30 minutes per night and difficulty of waking in the morning, which are associated

with sleeping disorders.

The study found that the most common adverse consequences of sleep caused by

using social media are “experiencing fatigue at work” and feelings of “upset”. These will

affect the students’ learning efficiency and the academic performance. Chronic fatigue and

upset feelings can cause the occurrence of some diseases and reduce the students’ physical

quality of life.

Time usage of social media is likewise an important factor that affects undergraduates

sleep quality. The study found the following effects of the average time of use of social

media on sleep quality. The results find that social media users who spend 0.5 to 2 hours on

social media are more likely to experience poor sleep than those who spend less than 0.5

hours. A previous study showed that discontinuous light stimulation during the night is

related to sleep quality, which has a potential effect on daytime functioning. These

consequences can cause students' low learning efficiency, long-term fatigue likely to lead to

the occurrence of some chronic diseases.

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 Users who spend above 2 hours on social media are more likely to experience poor

sleep than those who spend less than 2 hours. Previous studies indicated that exposing to the

Internet for 15 minutes is more likely to lead to feelings of depression and anxiety. In this

study, they found that students who spend more time on social media and use them more

frequently are more likely to experience poor sleep quality. They also found that students at

university of foreign languages are less likely to experience poor sleep quality. This

phenomenon is worthy of attention.

They are very surprise about this phenomenon, further research needed to explore this

phenomenon. Thus, health policy makers should fully consider these factors in improving the

sleep quality of undergraduates. Some authors indicated that delayed bedtime and shorter

total sleep time are most consistently related to social media use.

At a high level, there’s a strong correlation between social media use and disturbed

sleep. In other words, the more you use social media, the more likely you are to experience

poor sleep. Both overall time spent on social media, as well as frequency, have been tied to

sleep problems.

A new study by the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey said that social

media affects your sleep. The survey revealed that the more social media you use, the higher

your odds are of a "shorter sleep duration," meaning less sleep than you probably need. I

don't know about you guys, but I'm definitely guilty of this.

Here's how the survey worked: Researchers collected data from over 5,000 Canadian

students between the ages of 11 and 20. The data included details related to their sleep

duration (the amount of hours they slept each night) and the amount of time they spent on

social media each day. The results of the survey revealed one extremely upsetting connection:

Using social media for as little as one hour a day seriously affected the amount of sleep the

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students clocked in at night. Even worse, the odds for not getting enough sleep increased

dramatically the more time they spent scrolling through social media.

According to the study, for those who spent about an hour of time on social media a

day, their odds ratio for not getting enough sleep (between seven and nine hours a night) was

around 1.82 (any odds ratio greater than one implies that something is increasingly likely to

happen). For those who spent at least five hours on social media, their odds of not getting

enough sleep rose to 2.98.

Although the researchers involved in this survey were simply compiling data, rather

than coming up with a complete explanation of the analysis, the effects of too much social

media time are an increasing point of interest when it comes to health and wellness and, more

specifically, our sleep schedules. One of the biggest concerns about social media in relation

to our sleep is the blue light that smartphone screens give off, which basically tricks your

brain into thinking that it's daytime, and keeps you feeling awake, when really, you should be

sleeping.

However, it's not just the blue light that we have to worry about. There are other,

more psychological aspects of social media use that could also contribute to sleep

deprivation. Social media channels thrive off of constant updating, and it can be really easy to

get hooked on refreshing your news feeds over and over again, because there's always

something new for you to look at, whether it's a controversial political post, or a mouth-

watering recipe video.

Adequate sleep optimally impacts mental functioning and therefore impacts students’

performance on examinations and ultimately grades received. Inadequate sleep decreases

general alertness and impairs attention, resulting in slowed cognitive processing. Lack of

adequate sleep also interferes with the function of brain structures critical to cognitive

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processes. The most notably impacted structure is the prefrontal cortex, which executes

higher brain functions including language, working memory, logical reasoning, and creativity

(Alhola, 2017).

Yoo et al (2007) demonstrated that a single night of shortened sleep duration resulted

in decreased memory encoding, which led to less knowledge retention.clearly.

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