NEET 2020 BIOLOGY CRASH COURSE KEYNOTES — ANIMAL KINGDOM 4. Levels of Organisation » Allmembers of animalia are multicellular but all of them do not exhibit the seme pattern of organisation of cel stwo openings, mouth and anus. oniy a single opening to the outside of the body that and anus, and is hence called incomplete. Retracted piercing Nerve device ring Complete Digestive System (Roundworm)Animals have an incomplete digestive tract if the mouth both takes in food and ejects wastes. Digestive ube Blatonor0» Arua/_ 'e blood is pumped out of the heart and the cells and ly bathed in it and the blood is circulated through a series of vessels of rarigyaameters(orterie, veins and capillaries). Voren and closed circulatory systems Hemolymph in sinuses surrounding organs4. SYMMETRY > Sponges are mostly asymmetrical, i., any plane does not divide thern into ‘equal halves. This content developed by Siomentors lasses online > When ary plane passing through the central axis of the body divides the ‘organism into two identical helves, itis called radial symmetry. Coslenterates, ‘ctenophores and echinoderms have this kind of body plan Animals like annelids, arthropods, etc., where the body can be divided into identical left and right halves in only one plane, exhibit bilateral syrrffet Bilateral symmetry (e.g. Arthropod) ectoderm i 3 2 » (|e iminth ‘endoderm s mesoderm 3 ectoderm iz Triploblastic ot coclomate ‘endoderm ¢.9. echinoderm OS onuer coelom chordate mesoderm (split by coelom) ectoderm5. Diploblastic and Triploblastic Organisation > Two embryonic layers, an external ectoderm and an internal endoderm, are called diploblestic animals, e.g., coelenterates. + Anundifferentiated layer, mesoglea, is present in between the ectoderm and the endoderm Those animals in which the developing embryo has a third germinal layer, mesoderm, in between the ectoderm and endoderm, are called triploblastic animals (Platyhelminthes to chordates). ° ‘00y covering n the body wall and oo, the gut wall > The body cavity 1 > Lined by mesoderm ® Animals possessing coelom > a? nosis coelomates, ss Digs w, andsuspending i (tom enodetm) intemal orgors * e.g, annelids, molluscs, (rom menzoerm) arthropods, echinoderms, fla) coslomsié hemichordates and Body covering chordates {tram ectoderm > ifthe body cavity is not lined RAB (—=p by mesoderm, (the mesoderm Prewsceaion Ee is present as scattered § mesoderm) pouches) > Pseudocoeléi Qt + The animals possessing. fl. pseudocoelomate them are called pseudocoslomatés ‘Body covering (tom ectoderm) Tissue © eg., Asehelminthes eon > The aninyals ih. wniclytne body Imecoder) cavity is aBbantate called accelomates, > — Wy, riatyhelminthes {tem encogern) 2. séQhgen Arion 1» NWpsfome animals, the body is externally and internally divided into se ‘ith a cerial repetition of at least some organs. % This pattern celled metameric segmentation Phenomenon is known es metamerism. * For example, in earthworm 8 NOTUCHORD Mesodermally derived rod-like structure Formed on the dorsal side during embryonic development Animals with notochord are called chordates Animals which do not form this structure are called non-chordates, €.9., porifera to echinoderms. This conten developed by Biomantore casos onine vy9. PHYLUM —PORIFERA >» Commonly known as SPONGES. Generally marine Mostly ASYMMETRICAL ANIMALS Primitive multicellular animals CELLULAR LEVEL OF ORGANISATION. ‘Sponges have a water transport or ‘canal system. © Water enters through minute pores (ostia) in the body wall * Acentral cavity, SPONGOCOEL + Water goes out through the cosculum This pathway of water transport is helpful in foo. ‘exchange and removal of waste. vvyy v Choanocytes (Flagellated cells; Spongocoel Pinacoderm Mesenchyme ‘Choanoderm Ingressing water through dermal ostia Ascon type canal system (Ex: Leucosolenia)> Choanccytes or collar cells line the spengoccel and the canals. > Digestion is intracellular. Tis content developed by Biomentors daze onine ® Ackeleton made up of SPICULES OR SPONGIN FIBRES. } Sexes are not separate (hermaphrodite), * ie, eggs and sperms are produced by the same individual. > Sponges reproduce * asexually by fragmentation * sexually by formation of gametes. + Fertilisation is internal + development is indirect having a larval stage + Larva is morphologically distinct from the adult. > Examples + Sycon (Scypha), + Spongilla (Fresh water 4.5 Examples of Posfera: (a) Syon sponge) (0) Buspongia (c) Spongitia Euspongia (Bath Sponge Preda In general, sponges aten't very tasty to most other marine animals. They can contain ‘structure probably doesn't make them very comfortable to that eat sponges though are hawksbill sea turtles and ome nudibranchs will even absorb a sponge's toxin while it eats it and (COELENTERATA (CNIDARIA) ‘Aquatic, mostly marine, ¥ Sessile or free-swimming > Radially symmetrical animals This content developed by Blomertar classe online yTouch-sensitive hairlike projection (a) Nematocyst with stored thread and barb Cridarians exhibit TISSUE LEVEL OF ORG: Diploblastic. this content developedty Bi Some of the cnidarians, e.g., carbonate. Cnidarians exhibit> Polyp is a sessile and cylindrical form like Hydra, Adamsia, etc > Medusa is umbrella-shaped and free-swimming like Aurelia or jelly fish the polyps sexually (e.c., Obelia). > Examples: + Physalia (Portuguese man-of-war), * Adamsia (Sea anemone) + Pennatula (Sea-pen), + Gorgonia (See-fan) and * Meandrina (Brain coral). 11, PHYLUM ~ CTENOPHORA nélp in locomotion th extracellular and intracellular. ice is well-marked in ctenophores. | > Di are not separate { . Zep Suction takes place only by sexual means, ~~ sation is external with indirect com Figure 48 mami ot lopment. (leurebeachia "| 3 Examples: Pleurobrachia and Ctenoplana,12, PHYLUM - PLATYHELMINTHES >» Dors lh body, hence are called flatworms » Mostly ENDOPARASITES: found in animals including human beings. > Bilaterally symmetrical, > Triploblastic and acoelomate animals » ORGAN LEVEL OF ORGANISATION. ® Hooks and suckers are present in the parasitic forms. Absorb nutrients from the host directly thratal Miygney curtace. Specialised cells called FLAME CELLS helpili 6smotegulation and excretion. Sexes are not separate. Ths content deslopedby Salient classes online Fertilisation is intemal and developments through many larval stages, Some members like Plenaria postass nighregeneration capacity. Examples * Taenia (Tapeworm)! * Fasciola (Liver fide, vyevyvyy Metacercariae Eggs (on grass) (shed eight-12 weeks after infection) Cercaria AX ¥ # Miracidium (five-seven (10-12 days) a ‘ - Mud snail43. PHYLUM ~ ASCHELMINTHES > Body is circular in cross-section, hence, the name roundworms May be free living, aquatic and terrestrial or parasitic in plants and animals. ORGAN - SYSTEM LEVEL OF BODY ORGANISATION. Bilaterally symmetrical, Triploblastic This contant developed by Blomentas clases onina PSEUDOCOELOMATE ANIMALS. limentary canal i | ‘An excretory tube removes body wastes from the body cavity through the excretory pore. Sexes are separate (dioecious), .e., males and females are distinct > Females are longer than males. > Fertilisation is internal Development may be direct (the young ones resemble the adult) or indirect. Examples : * Ascaris (Round Worm), + Wachereria Filaria worm), + Ancylostoma (Hookworm) y Venta ips Ventral ine Head of female Pioch on cute around ‘he genial aperture 1014. PHYLUM ~ ANNELIDA > vvyvyyy v Aguatic (marine and fresh water) or terrestrial Free-lving, and sometimes parasitic. They exhibit organ-system level of body organisation a Bilateral symmetry. This content develope by Biomentors clases online Triploblastic, METAMERICALLY SEGMENTED Coslomate animals. This content developed by Biomantors cases online Their body surface is distinctly marked out into segments or metameres * hence, the phylum name Annelida (Latin, annulus: little ring) They possess longitudinal and circular muscles which help in locomotion Aquatic annelids like Nereis possess lateral appendages, PARAPODIA. which help in swimming. Acclosed circulatory system is present. Nephridia (sing. nephridiur) help in ‘osmoregulation and excretion. Neural system consists of paired ganglia (ing. ganglion) connec by lateral nerves to e double vi nerve cord, Nereis, an aquatic for earthworms and leéches monoecious, Reproduction is Sexual. Thistontent developedby Biomentors castes online Exampl + Ne déarthworm) and . ria (Blood sucking leech). Earthworm at15. PHYLUM ~ ARTHROPODA Largest phylum includes INSECTS (Most abundant animals) (Over two-thirds of all named species ‘onearth are arthropods (Organ-system level of organisation Bilaterally symmetrical, Triploblastic, This content dovelopsdby Biomentrs clases onina Segmented and Coelomate animals. The body covered by chitinous ‘exoskeleton. The body consists of head, thorax and abdomen > > vvy v ¥ y v y ¥ > They have jointed appendages = (arthros-joint, poda-appendages), Respiratory organs are gills, book gills, book lungs or tracheal system Circulatory system is of open type. Sensory organs like antennae, eyes (compound and simple), stato balance, present. Arey fe mosuy oviparous. Ipment may be direct or indirect. mples: Economically important insects ~ © Apis (Honey bee), Bombyx (Silkworm), Laccifer (Lac insect) Vectors — © Anopheles, Culex and Aedes (Mosquitoes) Gregarious pest — © Locusta (Locust) Living fossil - Limulus (King crab). 16. PHYLUM ~ MOLLUSCA Second largest animal phylum > Terrestrial or aquatic (marine or fresh water) Organ-system level of organisation. This content developed by iomentore clases online pplace through MALPIGHIAN TUBULES. The} tty dioecious, entllgation 1S usually internal. this consent developedby Biomertors classes cnine 12Bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic and coelomate animals: Body is covered by a calcareous shell unsegmented with a distinct head, muscular foot and visceral hump. Asoft and spongy leyer of skin forms a mantle over the visceral hump. The space between the hump and the mantle is called the MANTLE CAVITY er lil ill vyyyvy 17. Icareous ossicles and, hence, the name The anterior head region has sertorytefliacles. The mouth contains a flleike rasping organ for feeding, « us > They are usually dioecioy arous with indirect development. >» Examples: thi rm Biomantors clases online « Chaetopleura (Chiton). ~ EQHINODERMATA an endoskeleton of Echinodermata (Spiny bodied) > Allare marine > Organ-system level of organisation > The adult echinoderms are radially symmetrical but larvae are bilaterally symmetrical 13> They are triploble: coelomate animals. > Digestive system is complete + mouth on the lower (ventral) side * anus on the upper (dorsal) side > The most distinctive feature > the presence of water vascular system + helpsin locomotion, capture and transport of food and respiration. > Anexcretory system is absent. Sexes are separate. This content developed by Biomentors asses online Reproduction is sexual. Fertilisation is usually external. Development is indirect with free-swimmin Examples: © Asterias (Star fish), + Echinus (Sea urchin), + Antedon (Sea lily), * Cucumaria (Sea, f) ar and ¥ vvyvy under non- > Small gr lke marine animals jet of organisation, metrical, triploblastic and ys cylindrical mposed of an anterior proboscis, a collar and a long trunk Circulatory system is of open type. } Respiration takes place through gills. Excretory organ is proboscis gland. Sexes are separate. This contnt developed by Biomertrs clases onina » Fertilisation is external, Development is indirect, > Examples: Belanoglossus and Saccoglossus. 1442.. PHYLUM — CHORDATA > Fundamentally characterised by the presence of > * ANotochord, * ADorsal Hollow Nerve Cord And * Paired Pharyngeal Gill Slits Dorsal, Muscle hollow segments nerve cord. Notochord Pharyngeal Muscular, ‘slits or clefts post-anal tail Bilaterally symmetrical, Triploblestic, Coelomate Organ-systeyp/l6¥8l Gorganisation. Possese’®poshana| fail > Closed araligtoryisyeter. 20. Phylum Ch8Pelstaiis clviced into three subphyla’ yA Urochirdataior Tunicata, > (Cophalothordata a vertSprata Ah, Subpte Urochordata + Lancelet Structure “\Gepbillochordata > Protochordates YP Exclusively marine. 22. In Urochordata > Notochord is present only in larval tal > Examples: Urochordata ~ Ascidia, Salpe, Doliolum; 23. In Cephalochordata > Notochord extends from head to tail region and is persistent throughout their life. > Examples: Cephalochordata - Branchiostoma (Amphioxus or Lancelet) vvyyvy 1524. The members of subphylum Vertebrata > Possess notochord during the embryonic period. > The notochord is replaced by 2 cartilaginous or bony vertebral column in the adult. de he Nt ‘4 > Besides the basic chordate characters, * vertebrates have a ventral muscular heart with two, three or four chambers, + kidneys f i * paired appendages which may be fins or limbs. 25. CLASS - CYCLOSTOMATA, > All are ectoparasites on some fishes. ON Elongated body bearing 6-15 pairs of cill slits for respi Cyclostomes have a sucking and circular mouth with Their body is devoid of scales and paired fins. ~ Cranium and vertebral column are cartilaginous, Circulation is of closed type Cyclostomes are marine but migrate for sa&whindlte.ttdsh water. After spawning, within a few days, they die Their larvae, after metamorphosis, retum to th Example: etromaon (amend . terior dorsalfin _Postetordovsal fin > > > > > > > > Trunk Cloacalaperture Streamlined body Cartilaginous endoskeleton Mouth is located ventral. this contort developed by iomentrsclaiesonine Notochord is persistent throughout life, Gill slits are separate and without operculum (gill cover) The skin is tough, containing minute PLACOID SCALES. Teeth are modified placoid scales which are backwardly directed, Their jaws are very powerful These animals are predaceous. Due to the absence of air bladder, they have to swim constantly to avoid sinking b > > > > > > > 16> Heart is two-chambered (one auricle and one ventricle). > Some of them have electric organs (e.g, Torpedo) and some possess poison sting (e.g., Trygon). » They are cold-blooded (poikilothermous) animals, ie., they lack the capacity to regulate their body temperature. y Sexes are separate. > Inmales pelvic fins bear claspers. > They have internal fertilisation and many of them are viviparous. > Examples: + Scoliodon (Dog fish), + Pristis (Saw fish), + Carcharodon (Great ® sahite shar. Figure 49 ExMpie BT Cartilaginous Ashes ‘+ Trygon (Sting ray). {a1 Sepledon 0} Pristis Cartilaginous vs. Bony Fishes Cartifaginous Bony ‘Seales placoid cycloid, ctenoid Mouth veriteal ‘terminal Tail lobes uflegual fheteracercal) equal (homocercal) Gills 3,7 pairs, slits 4 pairs, covers: Position in water fins, lower density (cartilage | swim bladder and olly liver) ‘Osmoregulation urea (equal solutes), rectal [less solutes, gill excretion gland ‘Sensory ampuliae of Lorenzini, lateral line lateral line Reproduction internal, external, (fertilization, variety, mostly ovipary development, fewer offspring more offspring strategy) 27. CLASS — OSTEICHTHYES Both marine and fresh water fishes Bony endoskeleton. Streamlined Body. the content developed ty Biomantors casas ening Mostly terminal mouth Four pairs of gills; covered by an operculum on each side. ‘Skin is covered with cycloid/ctenoid scales. Air bladder is present which regulates buoyancy. Heart is two chambered (one auricle and one ventricle) vvvvyyy 17They are cold-blooded animals. Sexes are separate. Fertilisation is usually external. They are mostly oviparous and development is direct. Examples: Marine - + Exocoetus (Flying fish), Hippocampus (Sea horse); + Freshwater— * Labeo (Rohu), Catia (Katla), Clarias (Magus); = Aquarium ~ + Betta (Fighting fish), vy v we) © Pterophyllum (Angel fh). Pewee 420 To ithggorw 0) Cala 28. CLASS — AMPHIBIA (Gr., AMPHI : DUAL, BIOS, LIFE, > Live in aquatic as well as terrestrial habitarst Most of them have two pais of limbs. > Body is divisible into head and trunks Tail may be present in some. This nme The amphibian skin is moist (yithout scates). > The eyes have eyelids. ‘ > Atympanum representstfigivurah | Vertebrates adapted to life both| % Alimentary canal, unriiygane In water snd en:lend. “lute tacithor® ‘Their skin is thin and rich in reproductive tracts“epen Wego 2 Ue ee ere common chamlbemgalieceisaca glands that keep the skin moist which opens toathe exterior and slippery. This eases > Respiratign Sby.dillyy lGngs and Suseous exchangi ‘Two pairs limbs allow them to move in water and land. > Thaiagattic ‘fee chambered (two ]. Amphibians are poikilotherms. auridyeeeRatone through atte geriteigehe. My Theselare cold-blooded animate 3) Sexes are ceparate * Fertilisation is external. — > They are oviparous end development is indirect. > Examples + Bufo (Toad), a al + Rana (Frog), Hyla (Tree frog), * Salamanca (Salamander), + Ichthyophis (Limbless amphibia)29. CLASS — REPTILIA > Creeping or crawling mode of locomotion (Latin, reptum, to creep or crewl) Mostly terrestrial animals Body is covered by dry and cornified skin, epidermal scales or scutes Do not have external ear openings. ‘Tympanum represents ear. Limbs, when present, are two pairs. Heart is usuelly three-chambered, but four-chambered in crocodile Reptiles are poikilotherms Snakes and lizards shed their scales as skin cast, Sexes are separate, This content Fertilisation is internal > They are oviparous and development is direct. ‘© Reptiles have adapted to produce ‘an egg that offers more protection, ‘Amphibian eggs lack shells and must be, laid in water so they stay moist; reptile ‘899s, on the other hand, have hard” shells to keep the embryos insi safe from the environmentand,, ee vvyvvyyy y > Examples: + Chelonet «Test ortbise), «Cha @® lizard), + yCalotes\Gerden lizarc), . lus(Crocodile), # Alligatot (Alligator). . dactylus (Well wzard), "+ Poisonous snakes — © Naja (Cobra), Bangarus (Krait), Vipera (Viper). 1930. CLASS - AVES > The characteristic features > Presence of feathers, > Most of them can fly except flightless birds (e.g., Ostrich). > They possess beak > The forelimbs are modified into wings. y The hind limbs generally have scales and are modified for walking, swimming or clasping the tree branches > Skin is dry without glands except the oil gland at the base of the tail > Endoskeleton is fully ossified (bony) > Long bones are hollow with air cavities (pneumatic). [A bird's body is specialized for flight. + Birds have several unique features that allow them to fly. — wings to produce flight — strong flight muscles to move the wings — active metabolism that provides energy to the muscles — hollow bone structure to minimize weight y The digestive tract of bi fissweminonal chambers, the crop and gizzard Heart is completely ‘Slgenamnberea. They are warm-blooded (fNamcicthermous) animals, i.e, they are able to maintain a constantibaty. temperature. Respiration,js bite. Air sacsonniictad! te langs supplement respiration Sexes are BaoaPate FePiligation Sitter. Theyre Ofiparous and development is direct Examples # )Lorvus (Crow), 9 Columba (Pigeon), * Psittacula (Parrot), + Struthio (Ostrich), + Pavo (Peacock), + Aptenodytes (Penguin), + Neophron (Vulture). Fu 434 Soe Hyon eit Pt ew 31. CLASS - MAMMALIA, > Found in a variety of habitats polar ice caps, deserts, mountains, forests, grasslands and dark caves. > Adapted to fly or live in water. > The most unique mammalian characteristic is the presence of milk producing glands (mammary glands) by which the young ones are nourished. vy vyvvy > 20¥ They have two pairs of limbs, adapted for walking, running, climbing, burrowing, stimming or flying The skin of mammals is unique in possessing hair. External ears or pinnae are present. Different types of teeth are present in the jaw. Heart is four chambered. They are homoicthermous. Respiration is by lungs. Sexes are separate Fertilisation is internal They are vivioarous with few exceptions Development ic direct. Examples: + Oviparous- 2 Omithorhynchus (Platypus); + Viviparous — © Macropus (Kangaroo), Pteropus (Flying fox), Camelus (Camel), Macaca (Monkey), Rattus (Rat), Canis (Dog), Felis (Cat), vvvyyvyyyyy oe v0000000000 Croco -Marnmals have four chambered heart. bi mals > Warm blooded animals scnimpanzee, Man-> belong to@ single taxonomic gtoup, Petypnsisoviparous Pythons nota poisonous snake. Body cavity the cavity present between body walland gut wall. Insomeanimelsthe body cays not ined by mesoderm, Such animals ae called Pseudocoelomate In yeraanimalinere ellis present but bran is absent. 10. InParamecium > dimorphic nucleus found. 171, Inallchordats notochord is present in emijonic stage 12, During itslife de, Fsciola hepatica liver fuk) infects its intermediate hat (Snail and primary host( Sheep] atthe following larval stages respectively > Mirciium and Metacorcaia 2113. Ventral nerve cord one feature common to leech, cockroach and Scorpion. (All are non chordata) “14, The animals with bilateral symmetry in young stage (lava) and radial pentamerous symmetry inthe adult stage, bbelong to the phylum Echinodermata, 15. InAuthropoda, head and thoraxare often fused to form => cephalothoray, 16. Inisecs > body hide it ead thorax and abdomen 17 When a eshuatr protean poszssng conti vacul placed in a gas contsining marine wate, the ecole wil Disappear. @Reason > Exosmoss 1B. Jointed appendages and chitinous exoskeleton features is common in rthropeds 19, Platyhelminths show absence of body cavity. 20, Paramecium unicellular organism has a macronucleus for trophic function and one or more micronuclasfor reproduction, 21. Alizard-like member of Reptilia is sitting on a tree with its tail coiled around a twia, This animal col showing protective colouration, 2. {All mammals without any exception are characterized by -> a muscular diaphragm ~ ucing glen ve Caron 23, fachaeopterynisconnectnglink between reptiles birds. 24, Perplanta has an open circulatory system. BCockroach 25, Biredial symmetry and lack of ridoblasts re the characteristics of te ‘ectenoohore 26, Cockeach- 10 paitsofspredes(2 parson thorax and 8 parson 27. Peeudocoelom characteristic of phylum Aschelminthes. , 28, Astarisischarecarized by > Prosonce of neither tru cglém mlbyntameriém. 29. Aschelminthes round worms) groups of animals tbat al symmial and tploblastic 30, Perpatus is connecting inkbetveen Annelida and Rar 31, Lamproys and Hag fishes > jas fishes 32, Euspongieand Spongilla > digestion ial 33, Crocodile and Penguin ae similar t6 34, InEarthworm-> Pharyngel 235, Flatorms kinds of erimals ae ad ptr taken through poresin the body. le aMDoafeHTH > Have gil sits at some stage features. ian eqta nephrida > excretory organs blastic butcoelomate 236, Frogs fer rom he osedina Nucleated sd blood cel 37, Uetersacta urnace nal fog 3B. Plasmodium A oiazon pathogen causing the most serous typeof malaria. 39. All bonypishes hajetfour aus of gils and operculum on each side. 4. op Ris Stone Fish 4, sive ta ca pen pairs engansms posses singing cll (nemataytes). as epider ocusin Ascaris. 4, ThBhbfctristics of clas Roptilia are Body covered with dry and cornified ski, sales over the body are epidermal, they donot have external eas. 45, Ctenophore groups of animals reproduces onyby sexual means 46, Planaia posses high capaci of Regeneration 47. marine cartlaginous fish that can produce electric currents Torpedo. 48, The active form of Entamoeba histolytica feeds pon Erythrocytes, muceseand submucosa of colon. 49._Viviparty isthe charac this not shared by tirds and mamma. 50, An important charectrsticthathemichordates share with chordatesis Pharymxwth ills 22ium TDralet | Smmety | onl | Sagrantaion | Digestive | Chelny | Repo] Oitincive Fetes aganiston sptem | sya | Syston Torte Coiuinr | Vavaue | Aeent | Beart abet abot | Abert Baa wthpverand carly, ‘oaenia | Tess | Rast | Aisart | Abert | Tce | seat Wiseat | Cbs reset (costa) ‘Ganophora | Tess | Bala’ | Abert | Abert] lcoplate | eat | Absent | Crib ater lem, asinine | Oqaak | Biawral | Absent | Aiaent | complete] Abst] Abant | Fatboy, scl, gn. sytem edlnines | Org | ltr Pnudo —| Abert | Complete | Absent | Absent | fin wormed, system ccalonste Tanaide | Org | srl | elomate | Pent syste “tropeds | Org | isis | elomste | Present ayer Walusa [Oger | lawl | eslomaie | Hct sytem Etiredenas | Ogee | falal | eealomate | Hoot system Tonics | Omen | Biawal | alone | Aisrt ‘Werke wth stem prebocs calarand sunk. Gass [Orpn | ral eelonste | Psont Netochrd doral lbw system rere cord gilts with lexicons YP SY 23