ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MULTISTORY BUILDING

WITH DIFFERENT SLAB ARRANGEMENTS USING ETABS

By
Zimit
Kaushikbhai
Sukhadiya
2020002490210022

Guided by
Mr. Aakash R. Suthar
Department of Structure Engineering
LJIT, Ahmedabad

A report submitted to LJ University in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the Degree of Master of Engineering (Semester-III) in Structure
Engineering on _____________.

Department of Structure Engineering

LJ Institute of Engineering & Technology
Ahmedabad, Gujarat
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that a report submitted as a project for the project entitled “SHEAR WALL ANALYSIS
AND DESIGN OPTIMIZATION IN CASE OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS USING BY ETABS” was
carried out by following students of LJ Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ahmedabad, for the partial
fulfillment of M.E. (Structure) Degree to be awarded by LJ University. This research work has been carried
out under my supervision and is to my satisfaction.

Zimit
Kaushikbhai
Sukhadiya
2020002490210022

Date:
Place: Ahmedabad

Guided by Head of Structure Department

Dr. Gayatri Pandi
Mr. Aakash R. Suthar LJIT, Ahmedabad
Department of Structure Engineering
LJIT, Ahmedabad

Department of Structure Engineering

LJ Institute of Engineering & Technology
Ahmedabad, Gujarat

II
 PROJECT APPROVAL

This is to certify that research work embodied in this project entitled “SHEAR WALL ANALYSIS AND
DESIGN OPTIMIZATION IN CASE OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS USING BY ETABS” was carried
out by following students of LJ Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ahmedabad is approved to award
for the partial fulfilment of M.E. (Structure) degree to be awarded by LJU.

Zimit
Kaushikbhai
Sukhadiya
2020002490210022
Date:

Place: Ahmedabad

Mr. Aakash R. Suthar Dr. Gayatri Pandi

(Guide ) (H.O.D. STRUCTURE)

III
 UNDERTAKING

We undersigned are, the author of the Project titled “SHEAR WALL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
OPTIMIZATION IN CASE OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS USING BY ETABS” hereby declare that this
is an independent work of us, carried out towards partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of M.E.
(Structure) degree by LJU at LJ Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ahmedabad. This work has not
been submitted to any other institution for the award of any degree/diploma.

Date: 9th November, 2019

Place: Ahmedabad

Zimit
Kaushikbhai
Sukhadiya
2020002490210022

DISCLAIMER

This document describes work undertaken as part of the M.E. in Structure Engineering degree, LJ Institute
of Engineering & Technology, Ahmedabad. LJU University all views and opinions expressed therein remain
the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of LJU University, the Project
Guide(s) or the Project Committee.

Date:
Place: Ahmedabad

Zimit
Kaushikbhai
Sukhadiya
2020002490210022

IV
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This is the place to admit that while there appears only author on the cover, this work just as
any other, is a product of the interaction with and support from many people. We are thankful
to all of them for their help and support during the entire thesis work. Among them first we
would like to express our deep gratitude to our guide Mr. Aakash R. Suthar for her valuable
guidance advise encouragement and patience throughout the thesis work. We are very grateful
to express sincere thanks to Dr. Gayatri Pandi, Head of structure department LJIT Ahmedabad
for giving us an opportunity to undertake this thesis for the study. We are thankful to Mr. Abbas
Jamani for his constant effort, valuable suggestion and guidance during this thesis work. We
are also thankful to our principal, all the faculty members of the department and other
supporting staff for their co-operation and moral support. Thanks to our family members and
friends for their affection, care and encouragement.

Zimit Kaushikbhai Sukhadiya

V
 Abstract
The shear wall is a structural element which is used to resist earthquake forces. These
walls will consumptives shear forces & will prevent changing location of construction &
consequently destruction. On other hand, shear wall arrangement must be absolutely
accurate, if not, negative effect will be found instead. For example, if the shear walls are
not constructed, a good tensional behavior from the structure cannot be expected. The
bending moment, shear force, torsion, axial force contribution by rest of the structural
element and the ultimate design of all the structural components also affected by that. A
study has carried out to determine the optimum Structural configuration of a
multistory building by changing the shear wall thickness value. Different cases of shear
wall thickness for a residential building have analyzed and designed as a space frame
system by computer application software, subjected to lateral and gravity loading in
accordance with IS provisions.

Steel-concrete composite construction has gained wide acceptance worldwide as an

alternative to pure steel and pure concrete construction. However, this approach is a
relatively new concept for the construction industry. Steel-concrete composite elements
are used extensively in modern buildings. Extensive research on composite column,
composite beam and deck slab in which structural steel section are encased in concrete
have been carried out. However, for medium to high-rise buildings R.C.C structure is
no longer economic because of increased dead load, less stiffness, span restriction and
hazardous formwork. That’s why shear-wall is being used and the results of this work
show that the composite structures are the best solution for high rise structure as
compared to R.C.C structure.

Key words: Earthquake loads, Load Combination, Storey drift, Storey displacement, Base shear, ETABS,
Shear wall
Contents
1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 A BRIEF IDEA ................................................................................................................ 2
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY ..................................................................................... 2
1.3 RESEARCH GAP ............................................................................................................ 3
1.4 SCOPE OF WORK .......................................................................................................... 3
1.5 FUNCTION OF SHEAR WALL ..................................................................................... 3
1.6 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COLUMN AND SHEAR WALL ....................................... 4
1.7 OPTIMIZATION ............................................................................................................. 4
1.8 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................... 5
2 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................ 6
3 PROJECT DETAILS ............................................................................................................. 10
3.1 DETAILS OF THE MODELS ....................................................................................... 10
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 11
 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 A BRIEF IDEA
The layout of tall homes basically includes a conceptual layout, approximate analysis, initial
layout, and optimization, to securely convey gravity and lateral masses. The primary motive of all
sorts of structural structures used withinside the constructing sort of systems is to transfer gravity
masses effectively.

The maximum not unusual place masses as a consequence of the impact of gravity are useless
load, stay load, and snow load. Besides those vertical masses, homes also are subjected to lateral
masses because of wind, earthquake forces. Lateral masses can broaden excessive stresses,
produce sway movement, or cause vibration. Therefore, it's miles very critical for the shape to
have enough power against vertical masses collectively with good enough stiffness to face up to
lateral forces.

The static and dynamic structural responses of excessive-upward thrust homes are ruled with the
aid of using the distributions of transverse shear stiffness and bending stiffness consistent with
storey. “Making changes to the structures withinside the constructing or maybe the shape itself
sooner or later after its initial creation and occupation.”

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

➢ The main objective of this study is the analysis and design a building with different shear
walls. i.e., RCC shear-wall, steel shear-wall, composite shear-wall, etc.

➢ To calculate the models for gravity loads and lateral loads, Seismic and Wind with different
load combinations as per Indian standards.

➢ To calculate the design lateral forces for building by using ETABS.

➢ To study the behavior of building in various seismic zones.

➢ To study the Story Displacement, Story drift, Shear force, Bending moment, Building
Torsion for building by using ETABS.

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1.3 RESEARCH GAP
➢ The analysis and design optimization of shear-wall using different methods or software.

➢ How to reduce the use of concrete/steel quantity by using different shear-walls.

➢ How to make the construction of shear-wall economical

➢ RCC shear wall is safer against earthquake loads. But, considering cost as a crucial factor
composite shear wall is economical and safer when compared with another shear-wall.

1.4 SCOPE OF WORK

➢ The main aim of this work is to study the static, dynamic analysis, and performance of
building with shear-wall on plain ground.
➢ To compare the performance of three different shear-walls.
➢ The analysis and design of a building with different shear-walls and comparison of
composite shear-wall, RCC shear-wall and steel shear wall.
➢ Etabs software is used for the RC frame model to know the results in form of the time
period, frequency, base shear, acceleration, displacement, storey drift results are compared
etc.
➢ How to reduce the use of concrete/steel quantity by using different shear-walls.

1.5 FUNCTION OF SHEAR WALL

Shear partitions necessity has the important lateral energy to face up to horizontal stresses from
earthquakes. As quickly as shear partitions weigh excessive sufficient, the horizontal forces may
be moved in the direction of extra sections within the ability route under them. Further shear
partitions, floors, base partitions, slabs in any other case footings are the one's trade additives
within the load network. In addition, shear partitions have lateral balance to forestall pointless side-
swaying of the roof or ground. If shear partitions measured have sufficient rigidity, they could
keep away from contributors from falling off their help from ground and roof framing. In addition,
homes that are sufficiently inflexible will frequently enjoy much less harm to their functions.

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1.6 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COLUMN AND SHEAR WALL

Pillars be density components, whilst compression and shear resistant factors are the shear wall. A
shear wall is a vertical structural function that with the aid of using shear and bending resists the
lateral forces withinside the wall plane. Shear partitions are usually furnished for homes of equal
length additionally width. Shear walls are similar vertically involved with large beams bearing
downward loads of the earthquake to base.

1.7 OPTIMIZATION
What is optimization?

Structural optimization is the object of making an assembly about materials withstand masses in a
good way. The easiest with the greatest common concept of optimization is 'making things best.'

what is ‘Need’ of the optimization?

The varieties of construction are light equally probable hen it must be impervious towards
Buckling otherwise variability such as imaginable. Restrictions originated to play here, lacking
restrictions Minimization and maximization, for example, would not be possible. Objective
function and limitations are the most significant optimization strictures.

Optimum Problem Formulation

A native of the optimum plan is accomplished through equating a little another plan explanation
that is generated utilizing prior knowledge of problems. The problem design methods utilized be
dissimilar for various problems according to objective and varied design parameters.

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1.8 METHODOLOGY

Modelling of Plan

Defining and
Assigning Members

Assigning Loads and

Load Combinations

Checking modal for

errors

Analysis and Design

of Structure

Comparison &
Discussion of Results

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 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
Paper 1:

Name of Journal: RESEARCHGATE

Title of paper: Shear Wall Analysis And Design Optimization In Case Of High-
Rise Buildings Using By Etabs

Authors: B.Vamsi Krishna, A.V.Prasanna Kumar, E. Rakesh Reddy

Content:

Building R.C.C. is being modelled, studied and planned in this report. Shear wall architecture via
the situation is a demand Vs capability ratio analysis followed to the characteristics of section
shear wall. Considering the earthquake and wind forces, this can be developed by the exact
model produced at Etabs.
The main goal of this plan is towards examine and compare various models of Shear walls using
ETABS now instruction towards achieve optimal placement about Shear walls inside structure.
The design includes load calculations and analysis through modelling software of the entire
system, with design approach utilized to investigation be Limit State Plan in compliance with the
Indian Standard Code of Practice.
Maximum RC structures using shear walls often consume pillars; pillars bear mainly loads of
gravity (i.e., those attributable to self-weight also construction content). Shear walls arrange for
buildings with great strength with rigidity now the way of their alignment, everywhere decreases
the lateral tilt about structure greatly with thus decreases injury toward the building also its
substances.

Conclusion:

The building is successfully constructed utilizing ETABS with the study of response
spectrum was utilized towards measure building 's performance. The system worked
admirably also the outcomes were discussed below.
1. Storey drift about structure be inside boundary in place of clause no 7.11.1 of IS-1893
(Part-1):2002.

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 2. Storey Rigidity about structure be inside boundary of clause no 4.20 of IS-1893 (Part-
1):2002.
3. Due towards existence with shear walls on every potential bend location, the injury that
may happen due towards wind and earthquake forces can be monitored in this project.
4. The building not being the similar form everything from one place to another consumes
different translation about building here X Also Y direction.
5. Movement be superior inside X direction than in Y direction.
6. The story drift be with so tall when related toward sin Y direction.

Paper 2:

Name of Journal: Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology

Title of paper: Design Optimization and Earthquake Analysis of Shear Wall

in High Rise Building

Authors: L.Rahul, M.Akbar, M.Sriraman

Content:

Shear walls are vertical elements of a force resisting system which is horizontal. They are
constructed to act against the effects of lateral loads that are acting on the structure. In residential
construction, shear walls are straight external walls that form a box which provides the lateral
support of the building. Lateral supports are caused by wind, earthquake, weight of structure and
occupants. These loads can tear or shear a building apart. Reinforcing a frame by attaching a
rigid wall inside it maintains the shape of the frame and prevents rotation at the joints. Especially
in high rise buildings which are subjected to seismic forces and lateral wind forces. Shear wall
buildings are for residential purposes to accommodate 100-500 inhabitants per building.

Conclusion:

Dynamic linear analysis using response spectrum method is performed and lateral load analysis
is done for structure with RC shear wall and Steel plate shear wall. Results are compared for the

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earthquake forces and bending moment of both the cases. It is also observed that lateral forces
are reducing when the shear walls are added at the appropriate locations of frames having
minimum lateral forces. Therefore, it is inferred that Steel plate shear walls (t=6 mm) are more
resistant to lateral loads in an irregular structure. Also, they can be used to reduce the effects of
torsion. Results indicate that steel plate shear walls have a large effect on the behavior of frames
under earthquake excitation. In general, steel plate increase stiffness of the structure. Deflection in
case of without SPSW is very large & in case of with SPSW deflection is very less. With the use
of steel shear walls in the buildings, the bending moments in the column are reduce. Due to
presence of SPSW total weight of steel in building is reduced than building without SPSWs. From
above result it is observed that, due to use of SPSW in building there is considerable decrease in
value of bending moment, shear force, deflection and axial force for some columns and also
quantity of steel is reduced. Hence steel building with SPSWs is economical compare to without
SPSWs. Due to relatively small thickness of SPSW compared to reinforced concrete shear walls,
from architectural point of view, steel shear wall occupies much less space than equivalent
reinforced concrete shear wall.

Paper 3:

Name of Journal: International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research

Title of paper: Shear Wall Analysis and Design Optimization In Case of High-

Rise Buildings Using Etabs

Authors: M.Pavani, G.Nagesh Kumar, Dr. Sandeep Pingale

Content:

The buildings are present in sloping ground are very different from those in plain ground, in
sloping ground, the buildings are very irregular and unsymmetrical in horizontal and vertical
planes. The buildings in sloping ground causes more damage during earthquake, because in
sloping ground, the structure is constructed with different column heights. In this study 3D
analytical model of 10 storied building, the plan of each configuration includes 4 bays in Y

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direction and 6 bays in X direction which is kept same for all configurations of building frame, the
slope chosen in between 0 to 30 degrees.
The building is located on seismic zone V, with different soil type; the models are analyzed and
designed by ETABS 2015 software. Seismic analysis done by linear dynamic analysis (RSA).

Conclusion:

The structure was successfully built using ETABS and the Response spectrum analysis was used
to gauge the behavior of the structure. The structure performed admirably and the results are
discussed below.

• The structure not being the same shape all around has changed the displacement of the
structure in X and Y direction.
• Displacement is greater in X direction than in Y direction.
• The story drift is also very high when compared to the Y direction.
• The shear walls are symmetrically distributed in X direction and asymmetric in the Y
direction.
• Shear wall configuration being symmetric reduces it damping effect than from an
asymmetric arrangement.
• The best way to reduce drift and displacement during lateral loading is to incorporate shear
wall in an asymmetric configuration in both directions.

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 3 PROJECT DETAILS
3.1 DETAILS OF THE MODELS
In the present study, one building configuration is considered, which includes buildings situated
on plain ground.
General data: -
DESCRIPTION DATA
Dimension of the plan :- 25 x 13.5 m
No. of stories :- 15
Floor to floor height :- 3.15 m
Type of soil :- Medium
Support condition :- Fixed

Material properties
DESCRIPTION DATA
Grade of Concrete (Beam) :- M25
Grade of Concrete
:- M25
(Column)
Grade of Concrete (Slab) :- M20
Grade of Steel (Beam &
:- Fe 500
Column)
Grade of Steel (Slab) :- Fe 500, Fe 415

Earthquake parameters
DESCRIPTION DATA
Zone :- V
Zone factor :- 0.36
Importance factor, I :- 1.5
Response reduction, R :- 5

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 REFERENCES
1. Institute for steel development & Growth, "B+G+40 Storied Residential Building With
Steel-Concrete Composite Option” India Dec 2007.
2. M. Nageh, “How To Model and Design High Rise Building Using ETABs Program” Cairo
2007.
3. M. Willford, A. Whittaker and R. Klemencic, “Recommendations for Seismic Design of
High-Rise Buildings” Council of Tall building and Urban habitat Feb 2008.
4. J. Zils and J. Viis, “An Introduction To High Rise Design” Structure Magazine Nov 2003.
5. IS: 456, Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete code of practice, Bureau of
Indian Standards, New Delhi, 2000.
6. IS: 1893, Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures – general provisions for
buildings, Part 1, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 2002.
7. IS: 875, “code of practice for design load (other than earthquake) for buildings and
structures” Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 2002.
8. IS: 800, Code of practice for general construction in steel, Bureau of Indian Standards,
New Delhi, 2007.
9. AISC 360-05, Specification of structural steel building, An American national standard,
American Institute Of Steel Construction, Inc., 2005
10. IS: 11384, Code of practice for composite construction in structural steel and concrete,
Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 1985.
11. O.esmaili s.epackachi m.samadzad and s.r.mirdhaderi― study of RC shear wall system in
a 56-storey tall building (14WCEE-2008).
12. Abiffazl shamsai, loghman rahemi, kamal rahemi,saber peroti ― arangement of shear
walls in control of lateral displacement of 16 and 32 storey concrete frames (WASJ- 2012).
13. Peter K. Dean1 and Harry W. Shenton (2005), “Experimental Investigation of the Effect
of Vertical Load on the Capacity of Wood Shear Walls”, Journal of Structural Engineering;
ASCE, pp 1104 – 1113.

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