Malanot, Ryan Kylle G.

12 (STEM) - Socrates
Chemistry
Battery experiment

I choose my phone, as I can't think of anything that I use the most that is powered by a
battery. When It comes to a phone’s batteries, the technologies that are involved in it have
already come a long way. As the technologies that make our phones better, their batteries have
to keep up with the pace. With this, varieties of batteries that are used in our phones have been
created. With the experiment, I'll be using my Iphone 12 which uses lithium-ion technology for
their batteries. But what is the difference between a conventional alkaline dry cell battery and a
lithium battery? Rechargeability is the main advantage lithium batteries have, that’s why we are
able to reuse our phones whenever it is low in charge, the longevity of these batteries in our
phones may vary.. Note that “Battery life” is the amount of time a device runs before it needs to
be recharged. “Battery lifespan” is the amount of time a battery lasts until it needs to be
replaced. And with the experiment I’ll be figuring out my phones’ battery life.

Experiment
I normally charge my phone below 25% as discharging it furthermore is bad for its
battery health. Charging my phone takes 2 hours, and with moderate use I can get up to 12
hours of usage out of it.

Yesterday at around 9:20 am I charged my

phone at below 20%, it finished charging at
11:34 am as shown in the picture. To observe, I
used my phone yesterday more heavily and
frequently than what I usually do. I did this to
truly determine the longevity of time the
capacity of charge of my phone could give if
undergone with load.

Here are the amount of hours of activity I put in

each time I use my phone. As shown in the
graph I averaged 45 minutes of screen time
(the amount of time the screen of my phone is
opened, a load) each time I used it.
And the graph beside shows that I used my
phone consistently. I did this, so I can't log
the amount of time my phone is at rest, and
is not under any load. This is to ensure the
amount of time my battery will last under
load will be as precise as possible.

The percentages presented besides are the

percentage of each app by battery usage.
Here we can determine what kind of loads I put
my phones’ battery under. All of these apps
had in common the kind of load they put on the
battery; they all used wifi, screen, and
speakers.

Results
Yesterday (MONDAY, DEC 13) what I have
observed from my experiment. My phone’s fully
charged battery (under loads) lasts up to
almost 13 hours; from a continuous usage from
11:30 am up to 1:00 am in midnight with 20%
left.

Conclusion
The Iphone 12’s battery has a capacity of 2815mAh, despite it having less than what other
phones currently have it still manages to last that long, and according to apple it is because of
how sufficient in power the processing chip inside of it. And with the addition of OLED panels in
their screen which consumes less power than other panels; which allows my phone to last that
long despite its low capacity.
How do Lithium-Ion batteries work?

Any battery stores electrical energy in the form of chemical energy, and can convert that
energy into electricity. When it comes to batteries almost all of them work in a very similar
manner as long as we have these three essential materials. an anode and cathode, separated
by electrolyte that allows the flow of electrical charge between the cathode and anode.
 When the battery is put under load, the anode releases electrons to the negative
terminal and ions in the electrolyte through an oxidation reaction. The cathode accepts these
electrons, completing the circuit for the flow of electrons.Whenever a large amount of electrons
is stored in some material some of its electrons would want to go into somewhere who has less
electrons. This is a fundamental part of how a battery works and it’s called oxidation - reduction
cycle. A battery has a material with a ton of electrons and another material that has less, and
whenever a conductor is placed to connect these two it starts the flow of electrons or the
chemical reaction of redox (oxidation - reduction); Meaning the material that has a lot of
electrons loses electrons (reduces) and the one that has less in the battery gains electrons
(oxidizes). In other terms you are completing a circuit. In a battery, the cathode (positive) is
known as the oxidizing agent because it accepts electrons from the anode. The anode
(negative) is known as the reducing agent, because it loses electrons. An electrolyte is a
chemical that serves as a medium that allows an electrical charge to pass between the two
terminals. The electrolyte is also what provides the chemical required for the chemical reaction
to undergo properly whenever anode and cathode come in contact.

This is the end of the story for non-rechargeable batteries. However, lithium-ion batteries
can be recharged. So, when current is properly applied, the electron flow happens in reverse,
recharging the battery. And the process stated above is quite different with lithium-ion batteries;
the same concept applies but with the involvement of electrons from the element Lithium.

When discharged lithium atoms

leave the anode and separate from their
electrons to become lithium ions (positively
charge). The electrons flow from the
negative terminal through the circuits and
to the load and into the positive terminal
cathode. At the same time, the lithium-ions
travel through the electrolyte in order to
neutralize the charge build up and keep the
reaction going.Thus, at the end of the day
almost all of the lithium has left the anode
and have been transferred into the cathode
to become lithium-ion (positive charge),

and your battery is now running on

empty.
Now that the battery is empty; We plug
in our lithium-ion battery and when we
do this the charger applies a higher
force on a flow of electrons in the
opposite direction.
Electrons are pulled out from the
cathode, Thus turning lithium
ions(positive charge) into lithium
ions(negative charge).On the other
side, electrons are forced onto the anode, which pulls the lithium ions (negatively charged)
through the electrolyte, and back into the anode.

The lithium and its electrons move in one direction when you use the battery and the
opposite when you charge it back up. The reaction is reversible and that’s what makes lithium
battery rechargeable