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TEST REPORT
No.: 308.091008.20.280
Date: 12 March 2010
rev. 0
Test Material: Fixed Bearing Posterior Stabilized TKR System
Test Method: ISO 14243‐1:2009 Implants for surgery ‐ Wear of total knee joint
prostheses ‐ Part 1: Loading and displacement parameters for wear
testing machines with load control and corresponding environmental
conditions for tests.
Customer: Testing Laboratory:
Beijing ChunLiZhengda Technology Develop EndoLab
No.17xinmi Rode, Huoxian Town, JinSanjiao Mechanical Engineering GmbH
Development Zone TongZhou District.
Beijing 101112 Beijing
Responsible: Dipl.‐Ing. C. Fromm
Responsible: Xia Cui
i.V.
Signature: _______________________
C. Fromm, research engineer
Signature: _______________________
M. Hintner, research engineer
Final reports received as soft copies are signed digitally.
Note:
This test report shall not be reproduced except in full without the written approval of the
testing laboratory!
The test results relate only to the items tested! page 1 of 32
EndoLab GmbH Test Report No.: 308.091008.20.280‐rev. 0
1 Subcontractors
‐ none
2 Specimens
Test Period: 26‐Nov‐2009 to 08‐Feb‐2010
Date of receipt: 6‐Oct‐2009
4 pcs. femoral component, size 4, left, REF CLXM L 61 12 6, LOT CLGMC (PS/CR type) 09 H01
material: CoCrMo
SN 001 ‐ (EndoLab® intern: femoral component 1.1)
SN 002 ‐ (EndoLab® intern: femoral component 1.2)
SN 007 ‐ (EndoLab® intern: femoral component 1.3)
SN 011 ‐ (EndoLab® intern: femoral component 1.4)
4 pcs. tibial insert, size 4 ‐ 13, REF CLXM 67 13, LOT CLJMP (PS/CR type) 09 H01
material: UHMWPE
SN 001 ‐ (EndoLab® intern: tibial insert 1.1)
SN 002 ‐ (EndoLab® intern: tibial insert 1.2)
SN 004 ‐ (EndoLab® intern: tibial insert 1.3)
SN 007 ‐ (EndoLab® intern: tibial insert 1.4)
4 pcs. tibial tray, size 4, REF CLXM 67 43 40, LOT CLJMC 09 I01
material: CoCrMo
SN 002 ‐ (EndoLab® intern: tibial tray 1.1)
SN 003 ‐ (EndoLab® intern: tibial tray 1.2)
SN 004 ‐ (EndoLab® intern: tibial tray 1.3)
SN 008 ‐ (EndoLab® intern: tibial tray 1.4)
Testing was performed on three bicondylar fixed bearing posterior stabilized TKR systems plus one
loaded soak control.
Fig 1 shows the knee system tested.
Date: 12‐Mar‐10 Signature:_________________________ page 2 of 32
EndoLab GmbH Test Report No.: 308.091008.20.280‐rev. 0
Fig. 1: Specimens tested.
Tab. 1: List of specimens tested. (All components are identified by their EndoLab® internal number).
Date: 12‐Mar‐10 Signature:_________________________ page 3 of 32
EndoLab GmbH Test Report No.: 308.091008.20.280‐rev. 0
3 Objective
The purpose of this test was to determine the wear behavior of a fixed bearing posterior stabilized
TKR system.
4 Test Procedure
4.1 Test Standard
ISO 14243‐1:2009 Implants for surgery ‐ Wear of total knee joint prostheses ‐ Part 1: Loading and
displacement parameters for wear testing machines with load control and corresponding
environmental conditions for tests (certified).
ISO 14243 ‐ 2: 2000‐10 Implants for surgery ‐ Wear of total knee joint prostheses ‐ Part 2: Methods of
measurement (certified).
4.2 Test Equipment
EndoLab® test equipment numbers used: 212, 249
®
Fig. 2: EndoLab knee simulator according to ISO 14243‐1.
Date: 12‐Mar‐10 Signature:_________________________ page 4 of 32
EndoLab GmbH Test Report No.: 308.091008.20.280‐rev. 0
4.3 Test Description
The implant is fixed in neutral position at zero degrees flexion. A cyclic variation of the
flexion/extension angle as well as of the contact force during normal human walking is simulated.
The tibial component is free to move relative to the femoral component under the influence of the
applied contact forces, this motion having all degrees of freedom except for the flexion/extension
angle, which follows a specific cyclic variation.
The applied contact force actions are axial force, AP force and tibial rotation torque. The axial force
follows a specified cyclic variation. The AP force comprises two components, one being a specified
cyclic variation and the other being proportional to the AP displacement. Similar to the tibial
rotation. The contact surfaces of the femoral and tibial component are immersed in a fluid test
medium simulating human synovial fluid.
The test takes place in a controlled environment simulating physiological conditions.
Tab. 2: Test parameter.
Parameter value according to ISO 14243-1
The axial load axis is shifted using an offset of 7% of the tibial width in medial direction.
The flexion/extension axis has been set according to the information given by the customer and
corresponds to the axis as defined by ISO 14243‐1.
Date: 12‐Mar‐10 Signature:_________________________ page 5 of 32
EndoLab GmbH Test Report No.: 308.091008.20.280‐rev. 0
Fig. 3: Variation of the axial force with gait cycle.
Fig. 4: Variation of the AP force with gait cycle.
Fig. 5: Variation of the tibial torque with gait cycle.
Date: 12‐Mar‐10 Signature:_________________________ page 6 of 32
EndoLab GmbH Test Report No.: 308.091008.20.280‐rev. 0
EDTA has been added to the serum to bind the calcium phosphate.
Patricin (50 μg/ml) has been added to retard bacteria‐induced degradation.
Tab. 3: Composition of the serum.
Parameter 0 to 5 million cycles
Calf serum (Biochrom KG, Berlin, Lot 0618 S) diluted with deionized water with a resulting protein
content of 30 g/l has been used1.
Tests have been stopped every 500.000 cycles until 5 million cycles were reached. The specimens
have been removed and cleaned to determine the actual mass loss according to the following
procedure:
• rinse in distilled water.
• vibrate in ultrasonic cleaner for 10 min in distilled water.
• rinse in distilled water.
• vibrate in ultrasonic cleaner for 10 min in a mixture of 2% cleaning detergent (31/8 Alsa‐
Chemie, Bad Friedrichshall, Germany) and distilled water.
• rinse in distilled water.
• vibrate in ultrasonic cleaner for 10 min in distilled water.
• dry in a jet of nitrogen (quality 4.6).
• soak in propan‐2‐ol for 5 min ±15 s.
• dry in vacuum chamber (better 13.33 Pa – 0.13 Pa) for 30 min.
• weight each specimen in rotation until the least two readings are within 0.1 mg and the sign
of the mass change has alternated at least once.
All specimens have been pre‐soaked in distilled water for 27 days.
All mass measurements have been made using a high precision balance (Sartorius BP211D). The
technical data of the high precision balance used herein is summarized in the appendix.
1
According to data presented by Noordin et al. (Synovial fluid from patients with prosthetic joint arthoplasty:
Protein concentration and in vivo wear of polyethylene. 43 ORS. P 769), the protein concentration has been set
to 30g/l rather than diluting the serum to 25% as indicated by ISO 14243‐1. As shown by Wang et al. (The
impact of lubricant protein concentration on the outcome of hip joint simulator wear testing. 25 Soc. Biomat
p 178), low protein concentrations may cause unphysiological wear.
Date: 12‐Mar‐10 Signature:_________________________ page 7 of 32
EndoLab GmbH Test Report No.: 308.091008.20.280‐rev. 0
There has been a continuous readout of the movement of the tibial tray. The maximum AP deflection
as well as the maximum rotation has been stored every 500 cycles. One complete cycle including the
test forces applied has been stored every 5000 cycles.
The EndoLab® ISO 14243‐1 knee simulator runs three simultaneous stations plus one loaded soak
control station.
According to the test set‐up, the test specimens were mounted in three stations as simultaneously
running stations simulating left knee joints (coupling 1, 2 and 3). For a soak‐reference a soak control
coupling was used in the loaded soak control station (soak control coupling).
Please note that the specimens have been changed periodically between the running stations to
minimize the effect of interstation variability.
Date: 12‐Mar‐10 Signature:_________________________ page 8 of 32
EndoLab GmbH Test Report No.: 308.091008.20.280‐rev. 0
5 Results
5.1 Wear results
5.1.1 Wear results of the UHMWPE tibial inserts:
Fig. 6: Wear of the tibial inserts vs. number of cycles.
Tab. 4: Wear data of the tibial inserts tested. The wear data has already been corrected by the soak
control insert 1.4.
coupling 1 2 3 soak control
Date: 12‐Mar‐10 Signature:_________________________ page 9 of 32
EndoLab GmbH Test Report No.: 308.091008.20.280‐rev. 0
Fig. 7: Linear wear interpolation of the tibial inserts vs. number of cycles not forcing the regression to
pass through the origin from 0 to 5 million cycles.
Tab. 5: Linear interpolation of the wear results for insert 1.1, insert 1.2 and insert 1.3 per million
cycles.
wear linear
specimen interpolation not regression
2
forced to pass origin coefficient [r ]
[mg/million]
absorption linear
specimen interpolation not regression coefficient
2
forced to pass origin [r ]
[mg/million]
Date: 12‐Mar‐10 Signature:_________________________ page 10 of 32
EndoLab GmbH Test Report No.: 308.091008.20.280‐rev. 0
5.2 Kinematic data
Fig. 8: Maximum AP‐sliding distance of the tibial tray versus the femoral component up to 5 million
cycles.
Fig. 9: Maximum rotation of the tibial tray versus the femoral component up to 5 million cycles.
Date: 12‐Mar‐10 Signature:_________________________ page 11 of 32
EndoLab GmbH Test Report No.: 308.091008.20.280‐rev. 0
Fig. 10: Axial force, AP‐force and AP‐deflection of the tibial trays (one gait cycle of the test during 4.5
and 5 million cycles).
Fig. 11: Axial force, torque and rotations of the tibial trays (one gait cycle of the test during 4.5 and 5
million cycles).
Date: 12‐Mar‐10 Signature:_________________________ page 12 of 32
EndoLab GmbH Test Report No.: 308.091008.20.280‐rev. 0
5.3 Contact area
5.3.1 Contact area tibial insert femoral side
cycles [mio] coupling 1 - insert 1.1 coupling 2 - insert 1.2 coupling 3 - insert 1.3
0.5
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Fig. 12: Major contact area (femoral side) of tibial‐insert 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 (from left to right) after 0.5,
1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 million cycles (from up to down).
Date: 12‐Mar‐10 Signature:_________________________ page 13 of 32
EndoLab GmbH Test Report No.: 308.091008.20.280‐rev. 0
5.3.2 Contact area tibial post (medial view)
cycles [mio] coupling 1 - insert 1.1 coupling 2 - insert 1.2 coupling 3 - insert 1.3
0.5
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Fig. 13: Major contact area of the post of tibial insert 1.1 to 1.3 (from left to right) after 5 million
cycles (medial view).
Date: 12‐Mar‐10 Signature:_________________________ page 14 of 32
EndoLab GmbH Test Report No.: 308.091008.20.280‐rev. 0
5.3.3 Surface of the femoral components in contact with the tibial insert
All femoral components showed medial and lateral side slightly scratching in flexion/extension
direction. Exemplarily femoral component 1.1 is shown in Fig. 14.
Fig. 14: Representative image of femoral component 1.1 showing scratching.
Date: 12‐Mar‐10 Signature:_________________________ page 15 of 32