BJT & Voltage divider bias

Application of BJT as an amplifier

Harsh Gupta(2021BEC0043)

24.02.2022
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT

1. To understand Voltage divider bias

2. Thevenin’s theorem
3. Use BJT as an amplifier

APPARATUS REQUIRED

1. BJT
2. Resistors
3. Voltage sources
4. Connecting wires
5. LTSpice

THEORY

Voltage divider bias- Voltage divider bias is simply a way to bias(add voltage source ) in
a transistor . It is the most widely used biasing configuration. It looks something like this.

This is an example of BJT receiving voltage

divider bias.

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Voltage divider bias is most commonly used config because, with the help of resistors it
provides complete control over voltages and current that each region receives in a
transistor and secondly Re resistor allows for stability of gain of the transistor despite
fluctuation in (β) values .

What is Thevenin’s theorem-Thevenin's Theorem states that it is possible to simplify

any linear circuit, no matter how complex, to an equivalent circuit with just a single
voltage source and series resistance connected to a load.

For example- This circuit

it can be simplified into something like this

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Then after simplifying and combining resistors

We finally get a simplified circuit which is equivalent to the more complex initial circuit.

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FORMULA USED-

Voltage and current values in the above circuit can be found using KVL; it is shown
below .

by thevenin’s theorem it can be simplified to

then using these equations

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.KVL equations

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

For verifying Voltage divider bias - We will make a circuit like this

and then we will give

the components their values and add some labels for ease of accessibility.

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OUTPUT

1. Here we just want to verify that different voltage and current values match the
values which would otherwise come with theoretical formulas .
2. To do that we will go to dc analysis in edit simulation cmd and then click ok
3. .op will appear in the schematic .
4. Click run and something like this will appear.

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

1. First formula we know

Putting Vr2 as Vb and solving the right hand side of equation after putting the values we
get 1.09V which is pretty close to 1.08 and hence verifying that what we are doing is
correct.

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 2. Second formula we know is

Solving the right hand side of the equation we get 8.32V and when we subtract
Vc-Ve to get lhs we get 8.391 which is pretty close supporting the argument that
values entered are correct for proper biasing of the circuit.

Using BJT as an amplifier.

THEORY-

What is an amplifier - The term "amplifier" refers to a circuit that generates a more
powerful version of its input signal.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

1. We just have to add some capacitors , voltage source and a resistor to the previous
circuit to demonstrate the use of BJT as an amplifier.

Here voltage source is added as an input voltage source and resistor is added so
that we can calculate output voltage source and we have to make sure these
components are grounded.
2. Now we will add values to these components .

Capacitor C2 has a
higher capacitance value because it has to act as a bypass capacitor .

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 3. Now just add two labels for input and output voltage and we are good to go.

GRAPHS-

1. Go to transient analysis in edit simulation cmd and put 10ms as end time and click
ok.
2. Now run and a blank graph will appear.
3. Click on Vin to get the plot of input voltage it should look like this.

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 4. Similarly when you select vout in add traces you will get this

5. Both the traces in the same graph.

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