579910433.

doc

{{<P=32><C=06><S=core><T=LQ><M=10><L=2><X=H><id=001>}}
3263001
 A stationary wave is produced on an elastic string which is fixed with one end to
a vibrator and the other to a stand. The frequency of the vibrator is set at 50 Hz.
The distance between the vibrator and the stand is 1 m. The figure below shows
the positions of particles X and Y at the instant when they are furthest from their
equilibrium positions.

1m

Y
direction of
vibration
X
vibrator

(a) Find the wavelength and the wave speed of the stationary wave. (3 marks)
(b) In the figure, label an antinode with A and a node with N. (2 marks)
(c) Describe the motion of particles X and Y at the instant shown. (2 marks)
(d) The figure below shows the displacementtime graph of particle X.
displacement

time

Sketch the displacementtime graph of particle Y in the same figure.

(2 marks)
(e) Describe how you can produce another stationary wave with fewer
antinodes compared with the one shown. (1 mark)

-- ans --
Solutions Marks

(a) Wavelength = = 0.4 m 1A

Wave speed = f  1M

1
579910433.doc

= 50  0.4
= 20 m s1 1A
(b)

A A A
Y

N N N N
N N
X

A A

(Any one of the antinodes) 1A

(Any one of the nodes) 1A
(c) They are momentarily at rest. 2  1A
(d)
displacement
Y
X

time

(Correct phase) 1A
(Larger amplitude) 1A
(e) Decrease the frequency of the vibrator gradually. 1A
-- ans end --

{{<P=32><C=06><S=core><T=LQ><M=10><L=2><X=H><id=002>}}
3263002
 A stationary wave is generated on a string as shown. The vibrator, 0.9 m away
from the stand, is vibrating at 25 Hz. At the instant shown, the string is at the
maximum displacement.

2
579910433.doc

0.9 m

A
direction of C
vibration

vibrator
B

(a) Find the wavelength of the stationary wave. (1 mark)

(b) Compare the oscillation of particles A, B and C in terms of amplitude and
phase relationship. (3 marks)
(c) How long does it take for particle A to complete one oscillation? (2 marks)
(d) Sketch the shape of the string after 0.01 s. Mark the positions of particles A,
B and C on the string. (4 marks)

-- ans --
Solutions Marks

(a) Wavelength = = 0.6 m 1A

(b) Particle A vibrates with a smaller amplitude than particle B. 1A

Particle C does not vibrate. 1A
Particles A and B vibrate in antiphase. 1A

(c) Time for one oscillation = 1M

= 0.04 s 1A
(d)

A B C

(Correct shape of string) 1A

3
579910433.doc

(Correct positions of particles) 3  1A

-- ans end --

{{<P=32><C=06><S=core><T=LQ><M=12><L=2><X=H><id=003>}}
3263003
 As shown in the figure below, a string is stretched by hanging a weight at one
end. The length of the stretched string that is free to vibrate is 1 m. As the
vibrator vibrates at some particular frequencies, stationary waves are formed on
the string.
1m

pulley

vibrator

weight

(a) In the figure above, how many antinodes are shown in the stationary wave
pattern? (1 mark)
(b) The table below shows the result obtained in the experiment.
Number of antinodes 1 2 3 4 5
Frequency of vibration f / Hz 14 28 43 54 69
Wavelength of stationary wave  / cm
Speed of wave v / cm s1
(i) Complete the table. (5 marks)
(ii) Suggest two factors that affect the speed of waves on a string.(2 marks)
(iii) If a heavier weight is used, explain how this affects the values of f in
the table. (4 marks)

-- ans --
Solutions Marks
(a) 3 1A
(b) (i) : 2, 1, 0.667, 0.5, 0.4 0.5A

4
579910433.doc

v: 28, 28, 28.7, 27, 27.6 each

(ii) Tension in the string 1A
Mass per unit length of the string 1A
(iii) If a heavier weight is used, the tension in the string will
increase. 1A
The wave speed becomes higher. 1A

Since the length of the string is unchanged, by f = , 1A

the frequency of each stationary wave becomes higher. 1A

-- ans end --

{{<P=32><C=06><S=core><T=LQ><M=13><L=2><X=H><id=004>}}
3263004
 The set-up below can be used for measuring the speed of waves on a string.

pulley

vibrator

weight

The string is stretched by hanging a weight at one end. As the vibrator vibrates at
some particular frequencies, stationary waves are formed on the string within the
length L.
(a) Draw the stationary wave pattern produced at the lowest frequency f0 of
vibration. Mark the positions of all the antinodes (labelled as A) and nodes
(labelled as N) (3 marks)
(b) Given that f0 is 24 Hz, find
(i) the second lowest frequency f1, and (2 marks)
(ii) the third lowest frequency f2 (2 marks)
at which stationary wave patterns can be produced.
(c) How does f0 change in each of the following cases?

5
579910433.doc

(i) A heavier weight is used. (1 mark)

(ii) The length L is shortened. (1 mark)
(iii) The string is replaced by a more massive one. (1 mark)
(d) If f0 is 24 Hz and L is 1 m, what is the speed of waves on the string?
(3 marks)

-- ans --
Solutions Marks
(a)
A

N N

(Correct wave pattern) 1A

(Correct position of antinode) 1A
(Correct positions of nodes) 1A
(b) (i) f1 = 2f0 1M
= 2  24
= 48 Hz 1A
(ii) f2 = 3f0 1M
= 3  24
= 72 Hz 1A
(c) (i) Increases 1A
(ii) Increases 1A
(iii) Decreases 1A
(d) Wavelength = 2L = 2  1 = 2 m 1M
Wave speed = f  1M
= 24  2
= 48 m s1 1A
-- ans end --

{{<P=32><C=06><S=core><T=LQ><M=10><L=2><X=H><id=005>}}

6
579910433.doc

3263005
« This question is about a ripple tank experiment.
(a) The figure below (Fig a) shows a water wave in a ripple tank travelling
across a boundary PQ from region A to region B. The wavelength of the
wave in region A is 0.05 m while that in region B is 0.03 m.
0.05 m P

Q 0.03 m

region A region B

Fig a

(i) Describe briefly how to set up two regions of different depths in a

ripple tank. (1 mark)
(ii) Which region, A or B, is deeper? (1 mark)
(iii) If the frequency of the wave in region A is 10 Hz, what is the speed of
the wave in each region? (3 marks)
(b) Next, a barrier with an opening is set in region B. Figure b shows the water
wave travelling towards the opening of the barrier.

Fig b

(i) Copy Figure b into your answer book and sketch the wave pattern
formed on the other side of the barrier. (2 marks)

7
579910433.doc

(ii) Name this wave phenomenon. (1 mark)

(c) Then, the width of the gap is increased as shown in Figure c. Copy Figure c
into your answer book and draw the wave pattern formed on the other side
of the barrier. (2 marks)

Fig c

-- ans --
Solutions Marks
(a) (i) Place a sheet of Perspex/glass plate in the ripple tank to
produce a shallow region. 1A
(ii) Region A 1A
(iii) By v = f , 1M
speed of waves in region A = 10  0.05 = 0.5 m s1 1A
speed of waves in region B = 10  0.03 = 0.3 m s1 1A
(b) (i)

(Correct shape of the wave) 1A

(Wavelength unchanged) 1A
(ii) Diffraction 1A
(c)

8
579910433.doc

(Correct shape of the wave) 1A

(Diffraction less prominent) 1A
-- ans end --

{{<P=32><C=06><S=core><T=LQ><M=12><L=2><X=H><id=006>}}
3263006
« A cork is placed in a ripple tank as shown in Figure a. A vibrator is moving up
and down at the water surface to produce straight waves.
vibrator
cork

Fig a

(a) Explain why the edges of the ripple tank are inclined. (1 mark)
(b) Figure b shows the displacementtime graph of the cork. The waves take
0.5 s to travel a distance of 10 cm.
displacement / cm

0.3

0 time / s
0.1 0.2 0.3

0.3

Fig b

(i) Find the amplitude of the wave. (1 mark)

(ii) Find the frequency of the wave. (2 marks)
(iii) Find the speed of the wave. (1 mark)

9
579910433.doc

(iv) Find the wavelength of the wave. (2 marks)

(c) The ripple tank is then tilted as shown in Figure c.
region A

region A

Fig c
(i) Sketch the wave pattern observed in the tank. (2 marks)
(ii) Explain your sketch in (i). (2 marks)
(iii) Name this wave phenomenon. (1 mark)

-- ans --
Solution Marks
(a) To prevent waves from bouncing back at the edges of the ripple
tank. 1A
(b) (i) Amplitude = 0.3 cm 1A

(ii) Frequency = 1M

= 10 Hz 1A

(iii) Speed = = 20 cm s1 = 0.2 m s1 1A

(iv) By v = f , 1M

Wavelength = = = 2 cm = 0.02 m 1A

(c) (i)

10
579910433.doc

region A

(Wavelength increasing in region A) 1A

(Wavelength decreasing beyond region A) 1A
(ii) Since the depth of water increases in region A, the
wavelength increases. 1A
Since the depth of water decreases beyond region A, the
wavelength also decreases. 1A
(iii) Refraction 1A
-- ans end --

{{<P=32><C=06><S=core><T=LQ><M=13><L=2><X=H><id=007>}}
3263007
« This question is about water waves in a water tank.
(a) The figure below (Fig a) shows a series of straight waves in a water tank
travelling across a boundary from region X to region Y.

vibrator

region X region Y

Fig a

(i) Suggest one feature of the water tank that prevents water waves from
reflecting back at the edges of the tank. (1 mark)
(ii) Which region is deeper? (1 mark)

11
579910433.doc

(iii) When water waves travel from region X to region Y, how will the
following properties of the waves change?
(1) The wavelength (1 mark)
(2) The frequency (1 mark)
(3) The speed (1 mark)
(iv) Name this wave phenomenon. (1 mark)
(b) Figure b shows a series of straight ripples travelling towards a barrier with
an opening.

Fig b

(i) Copy Figure b into your answer book and sketch the wave pattern
formed on the other side of the barrier. (2 marks)
(ii) Name this wave phenomenon. (1 mark)
(iii) A student says, ‘The wave speed increases with the frequency of the
vibrator because there will be a greater number of waves produced in
each second as the frequency increases.’ Is the student correct? Explain
briefly. (4 marks)

-- ans --
Solution Marks
(a) (i) Any one of the following: 1A
The edges of the tank are lined with sponge.
The edges of the tank are inclined.
(ii) Region Y 1A
(iii) (1) The wavelength increases. 1A
(2) The frequency remains unchanged. 1A
(3) The speed increases. 1A

12
579910433.doc

(iv) Refraction 1A
(b) (i)

(Correct shape of the wave) 1A

(Wavelength unchanged) 1A
(ii) Diffraction 1A
(iii) The student is incorrect. 1A
It is true that if the frequency of the vibrator is increased, more
waves will be produced in one second. 1A
However, the wave speed depends only on the depth of the
water. 1A
As a result, when the frequency is increased, the wavelength
is decreased. 1A
-- ans end --

{{<P=32><C=06><S=core><T=LQ><M=11><L=3><X=H><id=008>}}
3263008
«« A ripple tank is filled with water. The tank consists of two regions: a shallow
region A and a deep region B, as shown in the following figure. Continuous
straight water waves are produced at X in region A.
water surface
X

A B

(a) Describe how to produce continuous straight water waves in the ripple tank.
(Hint: you may answer with the aid of a diagram.) (3 marks)

13
579910433.doc

(b) A student takes a photograph of the wave in region A. Part of the

photograph is shown below.

12 cm

(i) What is the wavelength? (1 mark)

(ii) If the frequency of the wave is 5 Hz, find the wave speed in region A.
(2 marks)
(c) What happens to the wave when it reaches region B? (2 marks)
(d) A barrier with two gaps is put on the boundary between regions A and B in
the water tank. The straight wave becomes circular after passing through the
gaps.

region A region B

(i) Name this phenomenon. (1 mark)

(ii) Sketch the wave pattern formed in region B. (2 marks)

-- ans --
Solution Marks
(a) Suspend a bar just above the water surface with elastic strings. 1A
Attach a small motor on the bar. 1A
When the motor is started, the bar hits the water surface 1A
repeatedly.
(Or other reasonable answers)

(b) (i) Wavelength = = 2.4 cm 1A

(ii) Wave speed = f  1M

14
579910433.doc

= 5  2.4
= 12 cm s1 1A
(c) The wavelength and speed of the wave increase. 2  1A
(d) (i) Diffraction 1A
(ii)

region A region B

(Greater wavelength in B) 1A
(Correct interference pattern) 1A
-- ans end --

{{<P=32><C=06><S=core><T=LQ><M=11><L=3><X=H><id=009>}}
3263009
«« The figure shows a typhoon shelter and a set of water waves approaching it.

(a) (i) Sketch the wave pattern after the waves pass through the openings of
the shelter. (2 marks)
(ii) Explain why the ships are parked in the region as shown in the figure.
(2 marks)

15
579910433.doc

(b) (i) If the region in the shelter is shallower, which wave phenomenon will
be found besides the one mentioned in (a)? (1 mark)
(ii) Sketch the wave pattern inside the shelter. (2 marks)
(c) The figure below shows a simplified diagram for the shelter. The two
openings are named as A and B respectively. A point P is 230 m from A and
210 m from B.

230 m

210 m

(i) Find the largest possible wavelength of the waves if constructive

interference occurs at P. (2 marks)
(ii) Find the largest possible wavelength of the waves if destructive
interference occurs at P. (2 marks)

-- ans --
Solution Marks
(a) (i)

16
579910433.doc

(Correct diffraction pattern) 1A

(Wavelength unchanged) 1A
(ii) Water waves do not reach the region after diffracted by the
openings. 1A
The water is calm enough for the ships to be parked in the
region. 1A
(b) (i) Refraction 1A
(ii)

(Correct diffraction pattern) 1A

(Shorter wavelength inside the shelter) 1A
(c) (i) Since constructive interference occurs at P,
1M
path difference at P = 230 – 210 = 20 m = n, where n = 1,
2…
For the largest wavelength, n = 1. 1A

 The largest possible wavelength is 20 m.

(ii) Since destructive interference occurs at P,

path difference at P = (n + ), where n = 0, 1, 2… 1M

For the largest wavelength, n = 0.

 20 = (0 + )
1A
 = 40 m
 The largest possible wavelength is 40 m.
-- ans end --

17
579910433.doc

18