OPERATING SYSTEMS

DIGITAL ASSIGNMENT 1
F2+TF2
WINTER SEMESTER 2021-22

SRI GANESH.D 19MIS0122

SUBMITTED TO:
Prof.ARIVUSELVAN.K

[A]. Write a one-page review of an article about operating

systems that appeared in a recent computing magazine or
academic journal. Be sure to cite your source. Give a summary of
the article, including the primary topic, the information
presented, and the author’s conclusion. Give your personal
evaluation of the article, including the author’s writing style,
inappropriate use of jargon, topics that made the article
interesting to you, and its relevance to your own experiences.
WINDOWS INTO THE FUTURE
By Rob Enderle

Windows 11 and Android: Rethinking the PC-phone connection:

Microsoft just posted an update on Windows 11 that includes several interesting

new features. Since we are still early in the Windows 11 life cycle, Microsoft
remains focused on adding capabilities rather than pushing them off until
Windows 12.

Cell phones and PCs:

At CES earlier this month, all three companies-Dell, Intel, and Microsoft
showcased apps that connect your smartphone to your PC with varying levels of
interoperability. The benefits are that we don’t have to pull out our phone to use
the apps on it and can access those apps from our connected PC. If we want, we
can put our phone next to our keyboard to serve as another small notification
screen. 

Now, having a screen that we normally view 12 to 18 inches from our face sit
nearly twice that distance away can be a distraction. Plus, we’re more likely to
walk off and leave our phone behind — and leaving it active on our desk could
be a problem. Smartphones are increasingly used to help protect our identity
and assure that unauthorized people don’t mess with either our PC or
smartphone. 

Android apps and Windows:

If we can run our Android apps on our PC, the main reason for bridging the two
devices goes away. We can keep track of those apps on our PC and our phone
can stay in our pocket, pouch, or purse. Given that today’s Android apps largely
sync with each other, it would seem we could get most of the benefits of a
connected smartphone without having to actually connect it. If we need another
screen, we can get one. It’ll be larger and more conveniently placed than a
smartphone.
Microsoft is pushing this app integration because, much as Apple once
depended on Microsoft for its productivity layer on Apple computers, the move
does give a lot of control to the firm that owns the apps. In addition, Android
apps are designed for small screens and typically don’t scale well, so they don’t
really compute much with native Windows apps. But those limitations could be
addressed by Google, creating a strategic risk for Microsoft. Google still hasn’t
fully thought through its Android/Chrome OS strategy, though, so while this is a
potential risk for Microsoft, it hasn’t begun to emerge yet.

Finally, Microsoft could wrap the Android apps to both make them more useful
on a PC and ensure they don’t turn the Windows platform into a proxy for
Google. I think the ideal path for Microsoft is to think of a hardware design that
could make current PC and smartphone designs obsolete. It is way past time that
these similar-in-capability platforms began to integrate, if not merge, at a far
deeper level. In that case, Android app compatibility would be needed. 

CONCLUSION:

From this article by Rob Enderle , we can see how much he wanted the
androids to be connected to PCs . In the article he also mentions his
struggles and the reason for his android to be connected to PCs. His
style of writing is simple so that every new readers can understand
and connect with the topic easily.

[B]. Research the Internet or current literature to identify an

operating system that runs a cell phone or handheld computer.
(These are generally known as mobile operating systems.) List the
key features of the operating system and the hardware it is
designed to run. Cite your sources.

An OS is a software interface that is responsible for managing and operating

hardware units and assisting the user to use those units. For mobile phones, OSs
have been developed to enable users to use phones in much the same way as
personal computers were used 1 or 2 decades ago.
Apple Ios:

Apple iOS is a closed-source code mobile phone OS developed by Apple in

2007; it is used by Apple-only products (iPhone, iPod, and iPad). The iOS
architecture is based on three layers incorporated with each other. Cocoa touch
is a layer that provides some basic infrastructure used by applications. The
second layer is the media layer, which provides audio services, animation video,
image formats, and documents in addition to providing two-dimensional (2D)
and 3D drawings and audio and video support. The third layer is the core OS,
which provides core services such as low-level data types, start-up services,
network connection, and access.

Key Takeaways:

 iOS ranks as the second-most used mobile device operating platform in

the world, behind Android.
 iOS features an intuitive user-centered design and the ability for app
developers to create apps, distributed through the iOS app store.

The first version of iOS introduced the culture to the touch-screen smartphone,
a significant cultural shift away from flip phones and Blackberry-style devices.
The iPhone combined many functions within a single device, including a
camera, internet browser, and media player alongside the phone and
messaging, and the world would never be the same.

FaceTime, Apple’s video chat software, was released in iOS 4. Version 4 also
introduced multitasking capabilities in iOS devices.

iOS 5 delivered Siri, a voice-enabled personal assistant, as well as iMessage as

a central messaging system and the iOS Notification Center. Subsequent
releases of the software added Airdrop, Touch ID, Apple Pay, and the much-
derided Apple Maps mapping system as well as myriad improvements on
functionality and design.

Hardware:
The main hardware platform for iOS is the ARM
architecture (the ARMv7, ARMv8-A, ARMv8.2-A, ARMv8.3-A). iOS releases
before iOS 7 can only be run on iOS devices with 32-bit ARM processors
(ARMv6 and ARMv7-A architectures). In 2013, iOS 7 was released with
full 64-bit support (which includes a native 64-bit kernel, libraries, drivers as
well as all built-in applications),[155] after Apple announced that they were
switching to 64-bit ARMv8-A processors with the introduction of the Apple
A7 chip.[156] 64-bit support was also enforced for all apps in the App Store; All
new apps submitted to the App Store with a deadline of February 2015, and all
app updates submitted to the App Store with a deadline of June 1, 2015.[157] iOS
11 drops support for all iOS devices with 32-bit ARM processors as well as 32-
bit applications,[158][159] making iOS 64-bit only.

Advantages of an iPhone over Android:

1. iPhone is more user-friendly

2. iPhones have extreme security
3. iPhones works beautifully with Macs
4. You can update iOS in iPhone whenever you want
5. Resale Value: iPhone Keeps Its Worth.
6. Apple Pay for mobile payments
7. Family Sharing on iPhone saves you money
8. iPhones are generally faster than Android phones
9. Accessibility: iPhone is the king
10. Apple provides the best Support

[C]. Select one of the following professionals: an insurance

adjuster, a delivery person for a courier service, a newspaper
reporter, a doctor (general practitioner), or a manager in a
supermarket. Suggest at least two ways that such a person might
use a handheld computer to work more efficiently.
Doctors' experience with handheld computers in clinical practice:
The use of handheld computers varies widely in clinical practice Clinicians use
administrative functions for the development and sharing of lists and databases
to keep track of drug formularies, call schedules, and contact details. Specific
applications allow patients to be tracked and clinical results to be monitored.
The use of administrative functions linked to clinical activities is expanding,
with applications such as electronic prescribing and coding attracting attention
because of their potential to increase doctors' productivity.
An increasing number of organisations are promoting handheld computers as
part of the strategy for clinical information technology, with many academic
medical centres purchasing devices for their residents.
Doctors use handheld computers to access patients' electronic records through a
browser based application, similar to that in a recent study. They also use their
devices to share patient details between shifts.

Examples of common uses of handheld computers:

 Point of care assistance—drug information, clinical guidelines, decision
aids, patient education
 Patient information—patient tracking, clinical results
 Administrative functions—electronic prescribing, coding, tracking
schedules
 Research activities—data collection, participant education
 Medical education—lecture notes, presentations, photographs and
diagrams.

Doctor perceived benefits of handheld computers:

Enhanced productivity:
It really saves the aggravation of looking for something and not being able to
find it that minute
Anything where we don't have to wait for somebody to finish at the terminal
and wait in a long line of doctors who don't have handheld devices... We’ve got
our handheld device, we put our orders in and walk away while the other guy is
still waiting. We've got an advantage
It feels like it saves time so they don't have to step out of a room and look
something up
Words of a doctor: For me,to be able to sync my Palm before I make rounds
and have all that information with me, then I don't have to run around and ask
the nurse who says, “I'm not a nurse, I'm a respiratory therapist”.

Discussion:
Doctors seem to expect handheld computers to become increasingly useful, if
not ubiquitous. Organisations can help doctors leverage the use of devices in
several ways. Firstly, they can develop applications to facilitate the
downloading of material otherwise available on paper, such as databases, drug
formularies, and schedule information, but organisations must ensure that these
resources are accurate or they will be promptly abandoned. Secondly,
organisations can provide advice, training, and user support and create
opportunities for doctors to learn from each other. Finally, they can develop
options for mobile access to essential point of care information that can be used
on handheld computers.

Barriers:
The two main barriers to using handheld computers were personal issues and
the device itself. Issues concerning the device included size, limited memory
and battery life, and speed of data exchange.
Two major personal barriers described by non-users were physical constraints,
such as eyesight, and perceptual constraints, including comfort with the device
and personal preferences . In contrast, users rarely reported personal barriers
and instead described those device features perceived as problematic by non-
users as strengths, such as raving about portability rather than complaining
about a small screen.
Doctors' concerns about the device included loss, breakage, and reliability. Less
common were concerns about security. Although doctors expressed concern
about secure patient data, they seemed unconvinced that handheld computers
represented a greater threat than paper records. 

[D]. Compare two processors currently being produced for

personal computers. Use standard industry benchmarks for your
comparison and briefly list the advantages and disadvantages of
each. You can compare different processors from the same
manufacturer (such as two Intel processors) or different
processors from different manufacturers (such as Intel and
AMD).

My choice of two processors currently being produced for personal computers

are:
The intel core i7 and core i9:

Advantages:
 The core i7 and core i9 have maximum memory spaces of 64GB and
128GB respectively.
 They both support hyper-threading.
 core i7 has 4 cores and 8 threads while the i9 has 8 cores and 16 threads.
 The maximum number of memory channels for i7 and i9 are 3 and 4
respectively.The Base frequencies of core i7 and i9 are 1.10GHz and
3.00GHz respectively.

Disadvantages:
 High power consumption and requires a high-performance motherboard.
 Costly compared to earlier Intel processors
 They do not support error correction code memory, ECC

Explanation:
The intel core i7 and i9 processors are high-performance processors used in
computing high-resolution graphics jobs and in processes where speed is
required. This feature makes these processors flexible, to be used in most job
types.
Note that computers with these processors are costly, must have and be
upgraded with a DDR3 RAM chip, and consumes a lot of power to generate
high-performance.

General Comparison:
Speaking generally, i9s are simply faster processors than are i7s – more cores,
higher clock, more cache. The big differentiator is when it comes to
Hyperthreading, the feature that creates two processing threads for every
physical core. For 9th Gen Core processors, Intel has restricted
Hyperthreading to i9 only. For previous generation Core processors, i7 was
the class with Hyperthreading.

Apart from varying core counts and processor speeds, differences between the
i7 and i9 ultimately reflect the needs of the professional user.

When it comes to processors, there is usually a close relationship between

power consumption and performance; an ongoing challenge with the x86
architecture is how to maximize power in a limited power envelope. In desktop
and mobile settings, the i7 tends to use less power (and on the mobile side, is
available in lower-power Y and U versions), while the i9 generally represents
performance without compromise.

Patrick Moorhead, founder and principal analyst of Moor Insights & Strategy,
says the i7 and i9 both have a place in the office, but the Core i9 generally
makes the most sense for performance-intensive computing (for tasks such as
graphics visualization, video production, 3D modeling and multitasking).
7th gen (and all previous gen) i7 cpus had 4 cores and 8 threads, while the
newest 8th gen now has 6 cores and 12 threads.

The i9 series of CPUs on the low end has 10 cores and 20 threads to its highest
end which has 18 cores and 36 threads.

Besides more core/threads the i9 has more cache but has less ghz clock speed
and higher tdp (wattage/power requirements). A core i9 CPU also haS more PCI
lanes in it; for professional users this means they can run many GPUs (for
parallel processing not typically for gaming), raid cards, or other add on cards.