MechanicsResearchCommunications.Vol.26, No. 6. pp. 709-718.

1999
Copyright 0 1999 Elsevier Science Lid
Pergamon Printed in the USA. All rights t~eserved
0093-6413/99/S-seefrontmatter
Pll s0093-6413(99)00082-8

Thermoelastic Transient Response of an Infinitely Long Annular

Multilayered Cylinder

K. C. Jane and Z. Y. Lee

Department of Appfied Mathematics
National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan

(Received 2 March 1998; accepted for print 19 August 1998)

Abstract -- Thermoelastic transient response of multilayered annular cylinders of infinite lengths
subjected to known temperatures at traction-free inner and outer surfaces are considered. A method
based on the Laplace transformation and finite difference method has been developed to analyze the
thermoelasticity problem. Using the Laplace transform with respect to time, the general solutions of
the governing equations are obtained in transform domain. The solution is obtained by using the
matrix similarity transformation and inverse Laplace transform. Solutions for the temperature and
thermal stress distributions in a transient state were obtained. It was found that the temperature
distribution, the displacement and the thermal stresses change slightly as time increases. There is no
limit of number of annular layers of the cylinder in the presented computational procedures.

Nomenclature
2 Lam~'s constant
P density
C~ specific heat
k~ ,ko radial and circumferential thermal conductivity
a~ ,a o linear radial and circumferential thermal expansion coefficient
~,~o radial and circumferential Young's modulus
Vr# ~ Vor Poisson's ratio
6,r2 inner and outer surrounding temperatures
0o,0 ,T reference, dimensional and non-dimensional temperature
2"* ,F dimensional and non-dimensional radial coordinate
f ,t dimensional and non-dimensional time
~ , Orr dimensional and non-dimensional radial stress
"*0,0" O dimensional and non-dimensional circumferential stress
U,u dimensional and non-dimensional radial component of displacement

Introduction
Shell structures are widely used in contemporary industries. These structures are usually subjected
to various loads. They are used for various purposes, which are often under nonuniform heating and
exposed to solar radiation varied with orientations. These effects can lead to thermal deformation and
stress in the structural elements, which can affect the load-carrying capadty of the whole structure.
Thermal deformations of the shell can occur due to heat exchange with the external or internal
environments, or they can appear as the result of the deformations themselves, when part of the
mechanical energy changes into heat.
709
710 K.C. JANE and Z. Y. LEE

The dynamic thermoelastic response of circular cylindrical shells due to rapid changes of thermal
environments is important for the design of many advanced engineering structures. Due to the complexity
of the governing equations and the mathematical difficulties associated with the solution, several
simplifications have been used. These difficulties are mainly attributed to the presence of the inertia and
thermomechanical coupling term in the governing equations. A detailed discussion on the effects of terms
as well as an account of majar contributions in the area of thermal stress can be found in Boley and
Weiner [1]. While the deformation and stresses in a shell caused by thermal effects have commonly been
solved on the basis of uncoupled thermoelasticity theory, the thermo-mechanical coupling effect is
included in the present study.
There have been many papers dealing with thermoelasticity problems. Takeuti and Furukawa [2]
discussed thermal shock problems in a plate. They included inertia and thermoelastic coupling terms in
the governing equation and obtained the exact solution for thermal shock problem in the plate. They
found that it is more important to consider the coupling effects than to consider the inertia effects for
ordinary metals. Ghosn [3] investigated one-dimensional axisymmetric quasi-static coupled thermo-
elasticity problem. The solution technique uses a Laplace transformation. The inversion to real domain is
obtained by means of Cauchy's theorem of residues and the convolution theorem. Prevost and Tao [4]
used a finite element method to analyze dynamic coupled thermoelasticity problems. Yang and Chen [5]
discussed the transient response of one-dimensional quasi-static coupled thermoelasticity problems of an
infinitely long annular cylinder composed of two different materials. They applied the Laplace transform
with respect to time and used the Fourier series and matrix operations to obtain the solution. Sberief and
Anwar [6] considered the thermoelasticity problem of an infinitely long annular cylinder composed of
two different materials with axial symmetry. The solution was obtained in the Laplace transform domain
by using the potential function approach. However, there are certain disadvantages associated with the
introduction of these potentials as reviewed and summarized by Bahar and Hetnarski [7]. Wu, Rauch and
Kessel [8] considered the generalized theory of thermoelasticity with one thermal-mechanical coupling
coefficient and three thermal relaxation time coefficients. They solved a boundary value problem of a
simply supported orthotropic cylindrical shell subjected to sudden temperature changes and mechanical
loading by the perturbation method. Chen [9] presented a new numerical technique-hybrid numerical
method for the problem of a transient linear heat conduction system. He applied the Laplace transform to
remove the time-dependence from the governing equation and boundary conditions, and solved the
transformed equations with the finite element and finite difference method. Finally the transformed
temperature was inverted by numerical inversion of the Laplace transform. It proved that the method can
accurately determine the stable solutions at a specific time. But this method has been confined to one
nodal solution at each specific time. When applied to a problem with many nodes, it takes an excessive
amount of computer time. By using a similarity transform method on the matrix of complex coefficients,
this restriction can be removed, as was reported by Chen [10].
The present paper deals with one-dimensional quasi-static coupled thermoelastic problems of an
infinitely long annular multilayered cylinder composed of multilayered different materials. The medium
is traction free, without body forces and heat generation. In the finite difference approach, the continuous
problem domain is discretized so that the dependent variables exist only at discrete points. Derivatives are
approximated by central differences resulting in an algebraic representation of the partial differential
equation. Thus, a problem involving partial differential equations has been transformed into ordinary
differential equations in time. By taking Laplace transformation with respect to time, a system of
algebraic equations in the'transformed domain is obtained. Once the solutions in the transform domain are
obtained, the final solutions in the real domain can be obtained by inverting the Laplace transformation.
There is no themoelasticity potentials are introduced in the solution process. There is no limit of number
of annular layers of the cylinder in the presented computational procedures. Moreover, the presented
computational procedures can solve the generalized thermoelasticity problem for a multilayered
composite laminated annular cylinder with nonhomogeneous materials.
 THERMAL RESPONSE OF MULTILAYER CYLINDER 711

Formulation

This work deals with the one-dimensional, quasi-static coupled thermoelastic problems of an
infinitely long annular cylinder composed of multilayer laminated materials with axial symmetry as
shown in figure 1. We consider an infinitely long annular cylinder made of multiple layers of different
materials. The inner and outer radii of the cylinder are denoted by r~ and ro, respectively. The
multilayered composite cylinder is assumed to be heated suddenly at the inner and outer surface under
temperatures f~ and f2 respectively.
The transient heat conduction equation for the i - th layer in dimensional form can be written as

1 8 -- c~ 8 ~ff] 1 073
[ kr + k o -;-; --~--;] O = PCv - - ~ + O Oflr ~ ( - ~ ) + O OP O y ( - - ~ ) (1)

where 0 = 0 - 0 o , fir " E_______~_~ ( a t + Vorao ) and flo Eo ( a ° + Vrsa r )

V~oV~ 1 - 1 - v~v~

If the body forces are absent, the equation of equilibrium for a cylinder along the radial direction
can be written as
cTZU E~ 1 cTJ E e 1 c~ Eo O--
-'-~dl'[-~VOr
~r r ~" --e, r "2-U'(Ctr +%Cta)'ffr-["~ (cte +vrect')-(ct" +ve~cte)]'vr (2)

The stress-displacement relations are

, E, ,~U Eev~ U
<,., : (-7-),.7-B..(o-o0) (3)

: o--5-), 'Y--~+ ('~")i 7~- - fl~'(O- O0) (4)

Let the boundary surfaces of composite cylinder be traction free and subjected to time-dependent or
constant temperatures. The initial and boundary conditions are

u=U,,o:O::O at t =0
~(r,t) = 0, e ~ - e o - ~ at r'=R,
cr~(r,t)=0,O.,,-O0=f 2 at r ' = R 0

At the interface between two adjacent layers (at r* =R, , where i = 2 , 3 ..... m - 1 , ) , the
following matching conditions must be satisfied:

U i (r,t) = U i+'(r,t) , o';i (r,t) = ~,i+, (r,t) , qi = q~+, , 0, (r,t) = -Oi÷,(r,t)

The non-dimensional variables are defined as follows:

T=(O-Oo)/eo:,g/Oo,a,=(---~), ( ),,b,=( )~ ( )l,W~,-( )~ ( )~

t-(k--~-~.tr/R],r-r'lRl,u=U(fl~-~)f/Rs,e ,. -. Iv. E~,/E. + (1-v,o)],. ,f,.-, (EdE.),,

pt.v l P% l
712 K.C. JANE and Z. Y. LEE

Eev.
1Qi = (-E--~,~'/[~rl(-~v~OO] ,2Qi = ( - - - - ~ ) i / [ f l ~ , ( ~ f l - ~ ) , 0 o ] , 3 ~ , = flri/flrl ' (5)

OrriS, O';1l(•rlO0),O'Oi• 0";,I(~0100),hi==(~v)i[~r (.O +Vrs. r)--(.r-l-V..O)],0 0

Substituting the nondimensional quantities given in equation (5) into the governing equations (1)-
(4), the governing equations and stress-displacement relations have the following nondimensional form:

: 7b,:
{ [a,~-T+ ~ l- 5: } T = :~&( W ) + 7.,,
( ~ -~) (6)

:u + e__, gu _ u ~ , r (7)
dr i r dr f ' r T = g ; -~- - n; r
du u
,r.,=,O. -&+'Q'7 -3O, V (8)

cre, % R ,. % R , ru ~3RIT (9)

The nondimensional boundary and interface conditions can be written as :

1. Boundary conditions
~(r,t)=O, T~ = fl/OO at r=r~

c L ( r , t ) = O, To.~ = f2/Oo at r = to.t

2. Interface conditions (at r = r,+~, i = 2.3 ..... m - I layer )

u,(r,t) = u,.<(r,t) c r r , ( r , t ) = G.,+~(r,t) q, =q~+: T , ( r , t ) = T,+~(r,t)

Applying central difference in equations (6), (7), (8) and (9), we obtain the following discretized
equations:
Ou Ou
a~
T +, - 2T + r,_
I- b,
I r,+, - T._~ dT, w, :u: + (~-tt),<- (d-i): (lO)
(At,) 2 r, 2At cgt r, dt 2At,

U.+, - 2u: + uj< 1 u:+l - u:< 1 T~+, - 7": ~ 7": (II)

(At:)2 +e, f,---Tu. = g, - h,
1": 2At: r: 2ar. (,

2Ar: ::

R UJ+l -- u j - I Hj (13)
cra'=l ' 2~'-/'7 +2Ri -r:
- -3R"T:
where Arj = 1 ~ ( N - l ) and j =1,2 . . . . . N
The Laplace transform of a function ~ ( t ) and its inverse are defined by
 THERMAL RESPONSE OF MULTILAYER CYLINDER 713

~(s) = L[CI)(t)] -C-~aoe-*'@(t)dt, @(t) = L-' [~(s)] = 1--i..~_f.e,,-~(s)ds

2hi dc-i
Taking the Laplace transform for equations (10), (11), (12) and (13), we obtain the following
equations:
T,÷~-2T/ +T/_, 1 ~÷,-Tit ~--~-jI"ui.u,L(
a, (Ar/)2 '~bi rs 2At: - (Tji. +sT'j) - wirT(uiz. +sift) + 1 +sffj+l)-(uj_l,. +s~-:_d] (14)

-
u:+1 - 29" + u:_l
- -
i u:+l - "O-,_l 1., 1~T7' g, ~ . , - E ~ (15)
(At:)2 + e, - " - h,~
r, 2Ar r: 2At r,
Let the surface of the cylindrical inner surface be stress free and subject to a time-dependent
temperature. After taking Laplace transformation, the boundary conditions in transformed domain
become

~ r ( r , s ) = O, ~ = ~(s)/O o at r = rl

~ r ( r , s ) = O, To.t = : 2 ( s ) / O o at r = ro.~ (16)

and the interface conditions ( at r = r,.,~ i = 1,2 . . . . . m - 1 ) are as follows :

~i(r,s).~i+,(r,s), ff'i(r,s).ff-i+,(r,s),qi(r,s).~'i÷l(r,s),ffii(r,s)=~l(r,s) (17)

Substituting equations (16), (17) into equations (14), (15), we obtain the following equation in
matrix form

tl lI l[ l
A2 B 2 C2 T2 D2 E2 F2 if2 G'2
" •• " •. ' •. - ~[I] i +s '" . ' ." "'. i ---- i (18)
Au-1 BN 1 ~ |/~-'/ ~'~' ~-' '~-' ~-~ GN 1
AN B Jtr~ ] DN E~jL~. j
and

2 12 J2 Tz L2 M2 if2
•.. '.. ".. ! + ".. ".. -.. ! - (19)
HN.1 Is-1 JN-1 TN 1 Kul LN1 Mu-I us-1
HN IN Ku LN jt~. ]
Equations (18) and (19) can be rewritten in the following matrix forms

~[~ 1- st,~}{g }, ,[N]~, }. ~,,} (20)

where the matrices [M], [N], [R] and [Q] are the corresponding matrix in equations (18) and (19)•
Substituting equation (21) into (20), we have

{[4- s[:l}{~}- {~} (22)

where
714 K.C. JANE and Z. Y. LEE

[AI" ~N]-I+[QI-I[R]}-I[NI-I[M],~j]. ~N]-I+[o,I-|[RI}-I[NI-I[Gj]

Since the ( N x N ) matrix [A] is a nonsingular real matrix, the matrix [A] possesses a set of N
linearly independent eigenvectors, hence the matrix [A] is diagonalizable. There exists a nonsingular
transition matrix [P] such that [ p]~ [ A][P] =diag [A], that is, the matrices [A] and diag [A] are similar,
where the matrix diag [A] is defined as

aiag [a 1- ,~2 %
(23)
2~
where ~. ( j = 1,2 . . . . . N ) is the eigenvalue of matrix [A]. Substituting equation (23) into (22), we
obtain the equation

{[P]-'[A][P]-s[p]-I[I][P]}[P]-'{~} = [P]-'{~} (24)

Equation (24) can be rewritten as

{ diag[A]- s[I] }{~'} = {~7} (25)

where

{~'}..[pl-l{~} and {pj.}=[p]-l{~}

From equation (25), the following solutions can be obtained immediately.

~. = if7 j = 1,2, ... ,N (26)

,,tj - s
By applying the inverse Laplace transform to equation (26), we get the solution T7. The eigenvalue,
eigenvector and inverse Laplace transform of matrix [A] can be solved. After we have obtained T7, then
we can use equations (27) and (28) to obtain the solutions Tj and ui.

Substituting T) and uj into equations (8) and (9), we obtain the circumferential and radial stresses.

Numerical Results and Discussions

In this section, we present some numerical results of the temperature distribution in a long
multilayered composite hollow cylinder, and displacement and thermal stresses under temperature
changes. To illustrate the foregoing analysis, we performed numerical calculations for a cylinder under an
axisymmetric heating at the inner surface. The temperature of the outer surface of cylinder is induced by a
suddenly applied uniform change under consideration. For an infinitely long annular multilayered
cylinder, the geometry and material quantities of the cylinder are shown in Table 1. The inner and outer
radii of the cylinder are assumed to be 1.0 and 4.5 respectively. The temperatures at inner and outer
 THERMAL RESPONSE OF MULTILAYER CYLINDER 715

surfaces are assumed to be 300 and 0 respectively. Each layer is assumed to have a different thickness hj
(in the case of three layers, h~ ,- 1.5, h 2 = 0.5 and h a ., 1.5 ; in the case of five layers, h~ - 1.0, h 2 ,- 0.5,
h 3 = 1.0 and h 4 = h 5 = 0.5). Some illustrated numerical results of three and five layered cylinders at time
step t = 0-5,1, 2, 5 and 10 is shown in figures 2 to 5.
Figure 2 shows the temperature distributions along radial direction for 3 and 5 layer cases. The
temperature gradient varies in each layer because of the difference in thermal conductivity coefficients. In
both cases, it is observed that the temperature distribution across each layer is generally curved at small
times. As time becomes larger, say, t = 5 to 10, the temperature distribution changes slightly. The curving
is reduced as time increases until it disappears as steady conditions are approached where it becomes
almost linear in each layer as expected. Figure 3 shows the variation of displacement along the radial
direction. From this figure, we can see where the maximum displacement may occur. In our
computational cases, the maximum displacement occurred at the interface of the first and second layers.
This physical phenomena is due to the largest Young's modulus in the first layer is chosen in our
computational cases. The deformation of the cylinder changes very small as time becomes larger, say,
t ,, 10. Figure 4 shows the thermal radial stress distribution a r along the radial direction. However the
circumferential stress has a significant jump at all interfaces as shown in figure 5. The discontinuity of
circumferential thermal stress was due to the differences in material properties such as the coefficients of
linear thermal expansion and Young~ modulus. The thermal stress varies characteristically in each layer,
especially for the occurrence of discontinuities at all interfaces as shown in the Figure 5. As time becomes
larger, say, t ,. 5 to 10, the thermal stresses vary slightly in each layer, since it approaches the steady state
condition as time becomes larger. From the above discussion, it proved that the present method can obtain
the stable solutions at a specific time and it is a powerful and efficient method to solve the
thermoelasticity problems of a multilayer cylinder.

Conclusions

In this paper, we discussed the thermoelastic transient response of an annular multilayered cylinder
whose inner and outer surfaces, which is subjected to known temperatures and is traction free. The one-
dimensional quasi-static axisymmetric coupled thermoelastic problem of an infinitely long annular
cylinder composed of multilayers of different materials was discussed.
A method based on the finite difference and Laplace transformation is developed to obtain the
numerical results. The temperature, displacement and thermal stress distributions were obtained which
can be applied to design useful structures or machines in engineering applications. There is no limit on
the number of annular layers of the cylinder. Some numerical results of three and five layered cylinders at
different time steps were presented. The discontinuity in circumferential stress at each interface was
found. It was found that the temperature distribution, the displacement and the thermal stresses vary
slightly as time increases.

References
1. B. A. Boley and J. Weiner, Theory of Thermal Stresses, Wiley, New York, 1960
2. Y. Takeuti and T. Furukawa, "Some Consideration on Thermal Shock Problem in a Plate," J. Appl.
Mech., ASME vol. 48, pp. 113-118, 1981
3. A. H. Ghosn and M. Sabbaghian, "Quasi-Static Coupled Problems of Thermoelasticity for Cylindrical
Regions," Journal of Thermal Stresses, vol. 5, pp. 299-313, 1982
4. J. H. Prevost and D. Tao, "Finite Element Analysis of Dynamic Coupled Thermoelasticity Problems
with Relaxation Time," J. Appl. Mech., ASME vol. 50, pp.817-822, 1983
716 K.C. JANE and Z. Y. LEE

5. Y. Yang and C. Chen, "Thermoelastic Transient Response of an Infinitely Long Annular Cylinder
Composed of Two Different Materials," J. Eng. Sci., vol. 24, pp. 569-581, 1986
6. H. H. Sherief and M. N. Anwar, "A Problem in Generalized Thermoelasticity for an Infinitely Long
Annular Cylinder Composed of Two Different Materials," Journal of Thermal Stresses, vol. 12, pp. 529-
543, 1989
7. L. Y. Bahar and R. B. Hemarski, Journal of Thermal Stresses 135, 1978
8. N. Wu, B. J. Rauch and P. G. Kessel, "Perturbation Solution to the Response of Orthotropic
Cylindrical Shells Using the Generalized Theory of Thermoelasticity," Journal of Thermal Stresses, vol.
14, pp. 465-477, 1991
9. H.T. Chen, "Application of Hybrid Numerical Method to Transient Heat Conduction Problem," Ph.D.
Thesis, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, 1987
10. T. M. Chen, "Application of Laplace Transform and Finite Elements Method to Transient Heat
Conduction Problem," Ph.D. Thesis, NCKU, Taiwan, 1991

layer 1 layer 2 layer 3 layer 4 layer 5

E 58E6 30E6 22E6 30E6 22E6
k 22 21 17 21 17
v 0.2 0.35 0.2 0.35 0.2
a 2.8E-6 2.3E-6 2.8E-6 2.3E-6 2.8E-6
P 0.095 0.053 0.09 0.053 0.09
c~ 0.31 0.25 0.17 0.25 0.17

Table 1. The material constants of an infinitely long multilayered cylinder ( r 0 / r ' = 4.5)

I ~i=1

Figure 1. Physical model of a multilayered cylinder

 THERMAL RESPONSE OF MULTILAYER CYLINDER 717

(a) (b)
300.00 - l ~ 300.0O ~1,~
* • t=0.5 ! ~ t=0.5
i~ • t=~
t=2
i *,~ * t=l
250.00 ~ *~ ~ t=5 2SO.00 ! m '~ L t=2
' ,,+ ~ t=5
i • + ~' t = 1 0
• -~ ~ t=lO

200.00 i %+÷
i.-

150.00 +
+
+
..... +++%
+****

++ *
~+~ +
+

+m * ::+
1oo.oo + * _ •
+ +
10o.o0 i
m .
! m
m
t m
50.00 + 50+00 : * ~

0.00 ~ r - ~ - 0.00 -- . . . . . +*
1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.5 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.5
Radial r Radial r

Figure 2. Temperature distribution along radial direction. (a) 3 layer (b) 5 layers

(a) Co)
4.50 4.00 t=0.5
B t=0.5
* t=l
* t=l
4.00 t=2
eeoe~ ~ t=2 3.S0
~, t = 5
a• =.+ ~ .~. t=5
t=lO
3+50 • ==++'% ~ (~ t=lO
ee=~ % ~ "qj 3.00
t. " * % =e
e= % II ~o
3.00 eJ+,,.****'~,. %+ I e t* BIBI~ ** ~9

2.50 e . ~ % o*, ., ,BB = 1 ~

-~ •
.. c,Q
4,
E
P ~.'* ~°o° ~ 200
IB B

._~
E3
2.00

,' ...+,:. +,+o t

i +50 m iBm * =I

1.00-
. %. ".%', ,00

0.50 - %~ o.5o
0.00 i 0+00
' I ' I ' I ' I ' I ' I ' ' 1 ' 1 i ' I ' I ' I '
1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00
Radial r Radial r

Figure 3. Radial displacement distribution along radial direction. (a) 3 layers (b) 5 layers
718 K.C. JANE and Z. Y. LEE

(a) (b)
-20.00 -10.00
• • t=0.5 - ' ' ~ ~ = E~ t=0.5
-25.00 i * t=l ~':'~=~ ~
w t=l
-30.00 ~ • ± t=2 ~ - -~ =
~~- -20.00 • ~ t=2
! ~ ~ t=5 f **** ~t5
-35.00 - ~ t=10 ~ **** ! m ~t=10 WBB B ~ l a l l ~ = ' -
-40.00 ~ *~ ~ *** -30.00
- BB

• mKiBmBm~B **1~. * t ~ "

-50.0O ~ .

- * * "~ -50.0O . /"

-65.00 _, ~ ~ S~ - -60.00

-70.00 ~ - . ~

-75.0O - ® -70.~0 -

4~,5,0O . . . . . . . . . . 80.00
' [ ' I ' f ' I ' I ' I ' I
1.0O 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.0O 3.50 4.0O 4,5 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.GO 3.50 4.00 4.5
Radial r Radial r

Figure 4. Radial stress distribution along radial direction (a) 3 layers (b) 5 layers

(a) (b)
40.00 40,00

o.0o ~- ~ ~¢;~¢~¢~¢¢=~s~ o.~o

~- *** ,,,,,,,, ~,~o~,3~,=:~®~ ~

-4o.0o ~ = . ~o,0o **
= * ±

-80.0O - -= * -8o.oo *
"E ~, ~ ,,~ ~ t=0.5 ._
, -,~÷ * t=l ~_~ t=0.5
-120.0O ~ ~ ~'~ t=2 -120.0o * t=l
~.~ ~ t=5 t=2

(3 -~ t = 1 0
: t=5
0
-1=oo- ~ -160.0o
- t=10

.2oo.0o - ~.~ -200.00 ,

-240 O0 ~-- T .... : . . . . -240.00 -

1.00 15 0 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.5 1.0O 1.50 200 2.50 3.0O 3.50 4.00 4.5
Radial r Radial r

Figure 5. Circumferential stress along radial direction (a) 3 layers (b) 5 layers