Demisew's Thesis Proposal D

ADDIS COLLEGE
POST GRADUATE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
MANAGEMENT
MSc. THESIS PROPOSAL ON
ASSESSMENT OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE ON PUBLIC BUILDING PROJECTS IN ADDIS ABABA
BY
DEMISEW WONDYE ID NO: GSR/036/2011
ADVISOR: Dr. TSEGAYE
NOVEMBER, 2021
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the thesis proposal entitled with “Assessment of Construction Waste
Generation and Management Practice on Public Building Projects in Addis Ababa’’ has
been carried out by Demisew Wondye, ID NO. GSR/036/2011.
1. Dr, Tsegaye ________________ ____________ __________
Advisor Signature Date
2. ___________________________ _____________ ___________
Name of Examiner-1 Signature Date
3. ___________________________ _____________ ___________
Name of Examiner-2 Signature Date
4. ___________________________ _____________ ___________
Chairman Signature Date
4. ___________________________ _____________ ___________
School Dean Signature Date

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Construction industry plays an important role to develop the physical infrastructure, enhance
economic activities and enable social development of the country. But the problem faced by the
construction industry is the construction material waste generation and management practices to
minimize the wastes. The waste generated during a construction project has an impact not only
on the efficiency of the construction industry and the increase in project cost but also on the
overall state of the economy of the country. This research aims to assess the construction
material waste generation contributing factors and management practices to manage material
wastage during construction work. In order to facilitate the application of this research, randomly
selected public building construction projects in Addis Ababa will be taken as a case study.
A purposive sampling approach will be used in determining the samples for the study. The
participants (respondents) of the study will mainly be construction professionals from
construction contractors, clients, and consultants. For the reliability of the work, structured
questionnaires will be distributed to group of respondents. The analysis will combine all groups
of respondents’ response in order to obtain significant results. And then it will be analyzed to
identify the main causal factors of material wastage; the main factors are pre-grouped as: design
phase, during the construction phase, and finishing & handover phase. The rates will be linked
up with each factor and analysis will be conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences
(SPSS) software V26. Meanwhile Relative Importance Index (RII) will be used to identify the
priority and the importance of the contributing factors.
This study will contribute in reducing construction material waste quantities in sites and advance
waste management practice for minimizing time and cost overruns, thus leading to improved
project performance.
Key Words: Construction materials waste, Waste management, public building, , waste
generation factors, Relative Importance Index, SPSS
iii
TABLE OF CONTENT
APPROVAL PAGE.........................................................................................................................ii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................iii
LIST OF TABLES..........................................................................................................................vi
LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................................vii
1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................1
1.1 General..............................................................................................................................1
1.2 Statement of the Problem..................................................................................................2
1.3 Objectives of the Study.....................................................................................................3
1.3.1 General objective.......................................................................................................3
1.3.2 Specific objective.......................................................................................................3
1.4 Research Questions...........................................................................................................3
1.5 Significance of the Study..................................................................................................4
1.6 Scope of the Study............................................................................................................4
2. LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................................5
2.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................5
2.2 Construction Wastes.........................................................................................................5
2.2.1 Construction Waste Categories..................................................................................6
2.2.2 Construction Material Wastes....................................................................................7
2.3 Factors Influencing Construction Waste Generations......................................................7
2.4 Material Management in Construction Projects................................................................9
2.5 Construction Material Waste Management Techniques.................................................10
2.5.1 Current Practice of Construction Material Waste Management in Ethiopia...........10
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS...........................................................................................12
3.1 Study area........................................................................................................................12
3.2 Research Design..............................................................................................................13
3.3 Sources of data................................................................................................................13
3.4 Population and Sampling Technique..............................................................................13
3.5 Data Collection Methods................................................................................................14
3.5.1 Questionnaires.........................................................................................................14
3.5.2 Face to Face Interviews...........................................................................................14
iv
3.6 Data Analysis..................................................................................................................15
4. WORK PLAN........................................................................................................................16
5. BUDGET................................................................................................................................17
REFERENCE................................................................................................................................18
v
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 Schedule for the duration of the thesis..........................................................................16

Table 5. 1 Thesis budget................................................................................................................17
vi
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Construction process and waste type (Katz and Baum, 2011).......................................8
Figure 3.1 Location map of Addis Ababa city..............................................................................12
vii
Assessment of Construction Waste Generation Contributing Factors and Management Practice
on Public Building Projects in Addis Ababa
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
The construction industry is one of the fundamental sectors that contribute greatly to the growth
of any economy in the world. It provides physical infrastructure and services that stimulate and
improve economic activities and enable social development (Ekanayake and Ofori, 2000). The
role of construction industry in socio-economic development goes beyond its share in national
output (Lopes et al., 2011). The role that the construction sector plays in Ethiopia is very
important; It creates business opportunity for construction firms, creates job opportunities for the
community, and contributes to the economy of the country (CSA, 2011).
The construction waste generation has created serious problems, both locally and globally.
Construction waste materials are generated when new residential and non-residential building
constructions, roads, bridges and dams are built (Abdelhamid, 2014). Construction material
waste refers to materials from construction sites that cannot be used or are unsuitable for its
specified purpose and has to be disposed of for various reasons (Yahya and Boussabaine, 2006)
and it also refers to materials that are unwanted after the purpose for which it was required is
met, therefore, they are meant to be discarded from site (Oyedele et al. 2013).
According to Jayamathan and Rameezdeen (2014), ineffective planning and control of materials
on construction sites could lead to poor performance and undesirable project outcomes.
Construction material is a great contribution to the cost of a construction project, therefore, the
wastage of these materials will negatively impact on the construction project cost, contractors
profit, construction duration, and can be a possible source of dispute among parties involved in
the project (Enshassi et al. 2009 and Jayamathan and Rameezdeen, 2014).
The Rapid growth in construction activities as a result of a growing population and urbanization
in many parts of the world generates a large amount of waste from construction sectors. To
reduce and manage these wastes, a comprehensive understanding of the construction waste
generation contributing factors is needed (Chakkrit et al., 2019). Effective waste management is
of growing significance for the construction industry. Adding the cost of storing and transporting
MSc. Thesis Proposal Prepared by: Demisew W. 1

construction waste, along with the loss of revenue from not reclaiming waste materials, it makes
financial sense for construction companies to take actions to minimize waste (Yakkaluru and
Harish, 2016). Construction industry improves the quality of live through the provision of
infrastructure like roads, schools, hospitals, and other necessary basic facilities (Saidu, and
Shakantu, 2016). Construction industry is the important sector in any country (Adewuyi, and
Odesola, 2015).
Waste materials are generated during site preparation, material use, and material damage during
handling, material non-use, excess procurement, and human error etc. In order to analyze this
study, both primary and secondary data will be used. Primary data refers to first hand gathering
by means of a questionnaire, case studies. Whereas the secondary data sources will be collected
from books, code of practices, journals and internet web pages etc. The purposive sampling
techniques will be used to collect the data and analysis will be conducted using Statistical
Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software and Relative Importance Index (RII).
Specify the gap you will study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Construction industry plays an important role to develop the physical infrastructure, enhance
economic activities and enable social development of the country. But the problem faced by the
construction industry is the construction material waste. Construction activities generate more
waste materials compared to other industries. Construction industry generates up to 30% of total
material waste during construction (Begum et al. 2009 and Ajayi, 2016). The waste generated
during a construction project has an impact not only on the efficiency of the construction
industry but also on the overall state of the economy of the country (Polat and Ballard, 2004).
Waste generated may be on-site or off-site, result in the increase in project cost, reduces the
profitability for contractor and gives a negative impact to the environment. Designers usually
argue that the generation of waste occurs on site during construction activities (Osmani et al.
2008 and Nagapan et al. 2012), although design flaws, complexities, and procurement contribute
to waste generation (Osmani, 2012 and Kareem and Pandey 2013).
As the number of construction project increases, the quantities of construction waste increases
too with the same growing intensity (Tareq and Ahmed, 2018). Identifying the significance
levels of waste generation factors will help the industry’s stakeholders build suitable strategies to
manage construction waste more effectively. Hence, this research assessed the factors that
influence material waste generation during construction and measures to effectively control
construction waste. Therefore, this research will determine the current situation with regard to
construction material waste generation contributing factors and management practices in
Ethiopia, especially in Addis Ababa and assess the effectiveness of the waste control measures
with a view to seeking for ways to minimize construction materials waste in future construction
projects.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.3.1 General objective
The main objective of this thesis is to assess the current situation of construction material waste
generation contributing factors and management practices on public building projects in Addis
Ababa.
1.3.2 Specific objective
Specifically, the following objectives will be carried out:
 To identify the most wasteful construction material produced during construction work.
 To identify the factors contributing to construction material waste generation during

construction work.
 To investigate the current existing construction material waste management practices on
construction projects in Addis Ababa city.
 To assess measures of construction material waste management.
1.4 Research Questions
Some of the basic research questions that will be addressed in this study are:
1. Which type of construction material is mostly wasteful?

2. What are the major factors contributing to generate construction material wastage on
public building construction sites?

3. What is the current practice of construction material waste management in public

building construction projects of Addis Ababa?
4. What are the possible measures to improve construction material waste management
practice in construction projects?
1.5 Significance of the Study
This study will help to identify the mostly wasted material and factors that generate waste in
construction site, and it may help the people engaged in the construction industry how they can
manage wastage of construction materials while they produce, transport and stored at
construction site. It will help the practitioners to reduce construction material waste quantities in
sites and improve waste management practice to control the construction waste problems. In
addition, this study may forward recommendation for the development of policies and rules in
the management of construction waste.
1.6 Scope of the Study
This study is limited and focuses on public building construction projects in Addis Ababa and it
is concerned on the assessment of factors influencing construction waste generation and
management practices. It will be conducted in the forms of questionnaires, site visit and personal
interviews with the proponents who undertake in projects.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
Construction waste management issues have become more a part of the focus on a project for
sustainable construction and for reducing the future availability of waste materials in the
construction sites. For managing the waste there must be efficient waste management system
which can control the waste at source and manage the waste at every stage of construction
project (Kareem et al., 2013).
Thus, this literature review section is going to review the overall experience of construction
material waste management. This mainly includes definitions and concepts of construction
waste; types of construction material waste; origins and causes of building construction material
waste; construction material waste; construction material waste management plan; previous
studies related to construction materials waste in Ethiopia and appropriate construction waste
management practices that helps for in-depth analysis and the success of the research.
2.2 Construction Wastes
The Construction industry, while contributing to overall socio-economic development of any

country, is a major exploiter of natural non-renewable resources and a polluter of the
environment whereby it contributes to the environmental degradation through resource depletion,
energy consumption air pollution and generation of waste in the acquisition of raw materials
(Watuka and Aligula, 2003).
There is no generally accepted definition of construction waste. Ortiz et al., 2010 defined it as
any material by-product of human or industrial activity that has no residual value. One common
definition of construction waste, as issued by the European Council Directive is "any substance
or object which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard", this definition applies to
all waste irrespective of whether or not it is destined for disposal or recovery operations.
Construction activities generate a large amount of waste compared to other industries. In EC
countries, about 200 to 300 million tons of construction and demolition waste is produced

annually, which translates to roughly a 400 km2 area covered with demolition debris one meter
high (Pieterson and Fraay, 1998, cited in Elias-Ozkan and Duzgunes, 2002). In the United States
alone, about 136 million tonnes of construction waste is generated (US Green Building Council,
2001).
To address the C & D waste management, it is important to identify the sources of construction
waste (Fadiya et al., 2014). Road network, excavated material, demolition waste, site clearance
and renovation waste are identified as sources of C & D waste by Tam et al. (2007). In this
background, Tewodros.et.al, 2021, asked the respondents regarding source of construction waste.
Accordingly, 44 % of the respondents indicated that the biggest source of construction waste is
earth work (such as, excavation). Demolishing of houses has been recognized as a next common
contributor to construction waste by 28% survey participants. Due to the fact that demolition
waste was highly reused by most of construction companies and their quantity in the dumping
sites was very small. 24% of the respondents thought that many wasteful activities have taken
place during construction processes. Construction waste materials in most illegal dumping sites
tend to be heterogeneous (Tewodros.et.al, 2021).
2.2.1 Construction Waste Categories
The analysis of construction waste compositions is important in helping to manage these wastes
effectively. The European Union (2017), divides the construction waste into eight categories: (1)
brick, concrete, ceramic, and tile; (2) glass, wood, and plastic; (3) coal and asphalt, (4) metals;
(5) soils, including soil excavated from contaminated site, rocks, and soils obtained from
dredging; (6) insulation materials and materials containing asbestos, (7) construction materials
containing gypsum, and (8) waste from other construction. England (2018), has ten categories of
construction waste: (1) insulation an and asbestos materials; (2) concrete, brick, tile, and ceramic;
(3) wood, glass, and plastic; (4) asphalt, oil, coal, and bitumen; (5) metals; (6) soil, contaminated
soil, stone, and soil from dredging; (7) gypsum; (8) cement, (9) paint and coating materials; and
(10) glues and fillings. USEPA (2017), divides waste from construction into 15 groups, including
(1) asphalt-related materials, (2) soil related materials, (3) materials related to electrical works,
(4) materials related to insulation, (5) materials related to bricks and concrete, (6) material
related to steel, (7) materials related to paint work, (8) paper-related materials, (9) materials
related to petroleum products, (10) materials related to roofing works, (11) materials related to
vinyl, (12) gypsum related materials, (13) wood related materials, (14) materials related to wood
containing contaminants, and (15) miscellaneous groups.
2.2.2 Construction Material Wastes
Construction and Demolition waste is a complex waste stream, made up of a wide variety of
materials which are in the form of building debris, rubble, earth, concrete, steel, timber, and
mixed site clearance materials, arising from various construction activities including land
excavation or formation, civil and building construction, site clearance, demolition activities,
roadwork, and building renovation. It also includes incidences of wastages in labour and energy
used in construction works. However, material waste has been recognized as a major problem in
the construction industry that has important implications both for the efficiency of the industry
and for the environmental impact of construction projects (Formoso et al, 2002).
According to Formoso, (1999), it should be understood as any inefficiency that results in the use
of equipment, materials, labour, or capital in larger quantities than those considered necessary in
the production of a building. Shen et al, (2002) defined building material wastages as the
difference between the value of materials delivered and accepted on site and those properly used
as specified and accurately measured in the work, after deducting the cost savings of substituted
materials transferred elsewhere, in which unnecessary cost and time may be incurred by material
wastages.
2.3 Factors Influencing Construction Waste Generations
Serpell et al, (1995), cited in Alwi et al, (2003) asserted that Construction Managers have to deal
with many factors that may negatively affect the construction process, producing different types
of wastes. There are several causes of material wastes which in most cases are dependent on the
type of construction methods employed, the specific materials in use, and/or the stage of the
construction itself. Waste can be generated by mistakes, working out of sequence, redundant
activity and movement, delayed or premature inputs and products or services that do not meet
customer needs (Construction Industry Board, 1998).
Chakkrit.et.al, (2019), conducted a survey to determine the significant level of each factors, a
structured questionnaire survey was carried out to gather information from contractors about

causes of construction material waste. The results show that the categories contributing to
construction waste ranks as design and documentation, human resources, construction methods
and planning, and material and procurement, respectively. In the meantime, factors from each
category were also determined and ranked. Design change, inattentive working attitudes and
behaviors, ineffective planning and scheduling, and material storage were among the highest
impact factors on construction waste generation in each category (Chakkrit et al., 2019).
Figure 2.1 Construction process and waste type (Katz and Baum, 2011)
The article review done by Chakkrit et al. (2019) showed a large number of past studies that
were conducted to identify the construction waste generation factors. Faniran and Caban (1998)
investigated the construction waste reduction strategy using a survey method of construction
companies. Waste generation factors from construction activities vary depending on the size of
the project, related activities, and the project location. The construction waste may arise from the
beginning of the construction process, such as site clearing, through project handover. Gavilan &
Bernold (1994) stated that design, procurement, material handling, operation, and leftover scraps
on site were major causes of waste.
A study by Fadiya et al. (2014) institute nine sources of construction waste in the U.K.
construction industry. These were residual, design, handling, data error, operations, others,
misplacement, weather, and vandalism. Bekr (2014) indicated that the most important causes of
materials wastage on construction sites were design changes, rework, poor documents, improper
and inadequate of materials storage, poor waste management strategy, lack of skilled workers,

bad site conditions, damaged material during transportation, mistakes in quantity estimation and
over allowance, and theft and vandalism. Domingo (2015) conducted research on the generation
of construction waste factors in construction. The findings revealed that incorrect information on
drawings; incomplete briefing, complicated designs, non-standard designs, and poor coordination
in the building construction lifecycle were the construction waste causes (Chakkrit et al., 2019).
2.4 Material Management in Construction Projects
The construction industry is the most significant industry in the economy and the successful
measure with completion within time, budget, accordance with specification and satisfaction of
stakeholders.
Materials management in construction projects is a key function that significantly contributes to

the success of a project. The common issues relating to materials management are storage
problems; incorrect materials delivery; subsequent design changes; materials surplus; materials
damage/loss; incorrect materials take-off; and vendor evaluation. Hence, a good materials
management environment enables proper materials handling on construction projects activities.
The management of materials should consider at all the phases of the construction process and
throughout the construction and production periods. The important for planning and controlling
of materials to ensure that the right quality and quantity of materials and installed equipment are
appropriately specified in a timely manner, obtained at a reasonable cost, and are available when
needed. Many construction projects apply manual methods, not only for the tracking of
materials, but also for materials management as a whole and this involves paper-based
techniques and is problematic with many human errors (Seyoum, 2015).
As projects grow in scale, complexity, materials management becomes more difficult, frequently
the management of materials in complex construction projects needs adequate consideration due
to the various elements involved and the importance of the project. The materials management
costs may range from 30-80% of the total construction costs depending on the type of
construction. Construction materials are major components on any project with value 50-60%.
Therefore, there is a need for efficient materials management in construction projects. This is
because poor materials management will affect the overall construction time, quality and budget.
The improper handling and management of materials on construction sites has the potential to

severely buildup project performance. The result of improper handling and managing materials
on site during construction process will influence the total project cost, time and the quality
(Narimah Kasim, 2013).
2.5 Construction Material Waste Management Techniques
There are several approaches to construction waste management. The process of managing
construction waste goes far beyond the disposal of the wastes itself. It is an all-encompassing
strategy to effectively utilize construction resources, with the view to reducing the quantity of
waste and also utilizing the generated waste in the most effective manner (Dania et al, 2007).
The most common approach to management of construction waste is dumping in landfill sites.
However, a relatively large quantity of materials is being wasted because of poor material
control on building sites (Poon, et al, 2004). This has prompted the need for alternatives for
waste prevention and the initiatives to reduce, reuse and or recycle waste produced which are
referred to as the three R’s of construction waste management. A waste hierarchy has been
widely adopted as a guide for construction managers, in line with the principles of sustainable
construction. According to Coventry and Guthrie, (1998), there are two fundamental reasons for
reducing, reusing and recycling waste: the economic advantages, and the environmental
advantages (Dania et al, 2007).
A construction material waste minimization and management plan sets out how construction
materials will be managed and waste controlled at all stages during a construction project. It is a
document that describes in detail the amount and type of waste that will be produced by the
project. As well, it incorporates the re-use; recycle or recovery of wastes and it is used as a tool
to record quantities of waste produced to enable best practice to be incorporated in construction
projects. The Actual Construction Waste Management Plan is a custom-prepared document for
the use of the Contractor and to submit to the Owner, Municipality, or other regulatory agencies.
The plan should be a job-related, easy to understand document. The prominence for writing the
plan should be a rea1istic plan for the project, rather than just producing a compliance document
(Yibrah, 2020).

2.5.1 Current Practice of Construction Material Waste Management in Ethiopia
Due to least priority given to appropriate site waste minimization and management systems in
Ethiopian construction industry leads to generation of huge quantities of material waste every
year. Different studies were conducted about construction waste materials in Ethiopia; these
studies show that there was a huge amount of material wasted in construction projects due to the
absence of clear guidelines on how to best handle waste (Yibrah, 2020).
According to a research conducted on selected public building sites to determine the current
situation with regard to managing and minimizing construction materials waste in Ethiopia,
especially in Addis Ababa, to identify the major causes of waste in construction and assess the
effectiveness of the waste control measures with a view to seeking for ways to minimize
construction materials waste in future construction projects. As discussed on his finding, the
most significant factors causing construction waste on building construction projects are:- site
supervision factors, materials handling and storage factors, design and documentation factors,
site management and practices factors and operations factors and he found a good result on the
level of construction wastages on sampled public building construction projects in Addis Ababa:
Cement (13.64%), Reinforcement steel (10.64%), Sand (14.26%), Coarse aggregate (10.55%)
and HCB (11.64%) of the total amount produced (Seyoum, 2015).
Waste Management Practice assessment conducted in Mekelle and the findings showed that the
majority of survey participants felt that their firms have taken various measures to manage
construction wastes. It was revealed that 40% of the respondents exercise illegal dumping as a
common method of waste management, which is closely followed by reuse and recycling
(Tewodros.et.al, 2020).

3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Study area
This study will be carried out a randomly selected public building construction projects in Addis
Ababa. Addis Ababa is the capital and the largest city of Ethiopia and is an important
administrative center not only for Ethiopia but also for the whole of Africa. The headquarters of
the African Union and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa are found in the
city. The city is Located in the foothills of the Entoto Mountains and standing 2,355 metres
(7,726 ft) above sea level, and is a grassland biome, located at 9°1′48″N 38°44′24″E. This capital
city holds 527 square kilometers of area in Ethiopia. The population density is estimated to be
near 5,165 individuals per square kilometer available. The city is divided into 10 sub cities, and
99 kebele. Lemi-Kura sub-city was added as the eleventh sub-city in 2020.
Figure 3.1 Location map of Addis Ababa city

3.2 Research Design
A research design is a plan, strategy, and structure of investigation that is alleged to attain
answers to research problems or questions (Kumar, 2011). The plan will consist of a complete
schedule or programme of works, the researcher will outline the study from writing aims,
research objectives and operational implications up to the final analysis of the data. The study
will adopt quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis in order to achieve the
research purpose, objectives, and questions.
3.3 Sources of data
This study will depend on both primary and secondary data. Primary data refers to first hand
gathering by means of a questionnaires, case studies i.e. interviews and site visits (observation).
The questions will be created based on the concepts acquired in the literature review. The
secondary data will be used in this study, are obtained from books, journals, magazines, and
research papers.
3.4 Population and Sampling Technique
A population is defined as a group of items that a sample will draw (Diamantopoulos, 2004). In
order to set the population of the study, firstly identify the major entities involved in the public
building construction projects of the study site based on their respective tasks and
responsibilities. The population for this study will involve employees of the clients, contracting
and consulting companies of ongoing public building construction projects which are supervised
by Addis Ababa city administration construction bureau.
A purposive sampling approach will be used in determining the samples for the study. This
method is selected because it is difficult to obtain the number of ongoing construction projects in
the study area. The participant of the study will mainly be construction professionals from
construction contractors, clients, and consultants (including project managers, site managers,
architects, site engineers, quantity surveyors, building materials suppliers, and government
workers). The samples will be selected from construction projects of the study area using a
predetermined criterion. The criterion for selection of the samples will include construction

projects whose commencement time, job position, the experience of the professionals, and
availability of experts during the data collection time, and willingness to participate in the
survey.
Sampling Method
3.5 Data Collection Methods
Both primary and secondary sources will be used to collect data for this study. The research data
will be collected mainly through questionnaires and interviews.
3.5.1 Questionnaires
The questionnaires will be developed based on a review of previous related studies and current
construction waste problems of the public building projects. The questionnaire design is
undertaken to determine the opinion of contractors, consultants and clients regarding the existing
construction material waste generation contributing factors and management practices on public
building construction projects in Addis Ababa city.
Questionnaires will be developed to answer the research objective. In order to prepare a

comprehensive analysis, questionnaires will be distributed to the selected respondents involved
in public building construction projects, i.e., to the contractor, consultant, and clients who are
available and willing to fill the questionnaires.
3.5.2 Face to Face Interviews
In this study, the interview will be carried out based on formal and informal style. This type of
interview has a generalized form of the questionnaire with a flexible order depending on what
the interviewer perceives the subject matter by looking at the respondent capability and exposure
or experience. The interview for this study will be made with purposely selected project manager
and site engineers that are directly and indirectly concerned with construction material waste
generation contributing factors and management practices on public building construction
projects. This interview is extremely important to prove reliability of data gathered by
questionnaire and will be used as appropriate in the analysis.

3.6 Data Analysis
The analysis will be carried out after collecting necessary data which is accomplished from both
primary and secondary data. The analysis will be combined all groups of respondents (clients,
consultants, contractors) in order to obtain significant results. The analysis will be conducted
using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software V26. The rates, will be linked up
with each factor, are exposed for further statistical analysis for the purpose of identifying the
priority and the importance of the contributing factors by use of Relative Importance Index (RII).
The answers for the questionnaires are based on Likert’s-scale of five ordinal measures of
agreement towards each statement (from 1 to 5). To determine the relative ranking of factors, the
scores are transformed into important indices based on the following equation (Tam, 2007);
RII =
∑W
A∗N
Where, W is the weighting given to each factor by the respondents, ranging from 1 to 5, A is the
highest weight, and N is the total number of respondents, and RII the relative important index, 0
≤ RII ≤ 1.

Assessment of Construction Waste Generation Contributing Factors and Management Practice on Public Building Projects in Addis
Ababa
4. WORK PLAN
Table 4.1 Schedule for the duration of the thesis
Duration (November- March)
November December January February March

Activities
w-1 w-2 w-3 w-4 w-1 w-2 w-3 w-4 w-1 w-2 w-3 w-4 w-1 w-2 w-3 w-4 w-1 w-2 w-3
Reviewing
different
Literature
Data
Collection
Analysis and
Interpretation
Result and
Discussion
Report
Writing and
submission

5. BUDGET
Table 5. 1 Thesis budget
No. Activates Reasons Amount

(Birr)
Stationary
Papers, pens, &
1 material and 3500
internet
internet
transportation
2 transportation cost 1500
cost
Binding 2000
Thesis
report Photocopy 3000
3
production
Printing of
3000
documents
Miscellaneous
4 --- 1200
expenditure
Total 14,200
Contingency (20%) 2840
Total cost 17040

REFERENCE
Adewuyi, T. O. and Odesola, I. A. (2015). Factors affecting material waste on construction sites
in Nigeria. Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol 6. No.1.
Alwi, S., Hampson, K. and Mohammed, S., (2002), Waste in the Indonesian Construction
Projects, Proceedings of the CIB W107 1st International Conference: Creating a Sustainable
Construction Industry in Developing Countries, 11 – 13 November, Stellenbosch, South
Africa.
Asmara S, (2015) Managing and Minimizing Wastage of construction Materials on selected

public building projects in Addis Ababa, Msc thesis.
Bekr, G.A. (2014) Study of the Causes and Magnitude of Wastage of Materials on Construction
Sites in Jordan. J. Constr. Eng, 2014, 1–6.
Chakkrit L, Singh I, Vachara P and Wandee S, (2019) Factors Influencing Construction Waste
Generation in Building Construction: Thailand’s Perspective, Sustainability 2019, 11, 3638;
doi:10.3390/su11133638
Coventry, S. and Guthrie, P. (1998) Waste Minimisation and recycling in construction – Design
Manual CIRIA London.
Dania, J. O. Kehinde and K. Bala, (2007) A Study of Construction Material Waste Management
Practices by Construction Firms in Nigeria.
Domingo, N. (2015) Assessment of the Impact of Complex Healthcare Features on Construction

Waste Generation. Buildings, 5, 860–879.
Elias-Ozkan S.R. and Duzgunnes, A. (2002) Recycling of Construction Material and the Reuse
of Building Components: An Overview, Proceedings of the CIB W107 1st International
Conference: Creating a Sustainable Construction Industry in Developing Countries, 11 – 13
November, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Fadiya, O.O.; Georgakis, P.; Chinyio, E. (2014) Quantitative Analysis of the Sources of
Construction Waste. J. Constr. Eng. 2014, 2014, 1–9.

Faniran, O.; Caban, G. (1998) Minimizing waste on construction project sites. Eng. Constr.
Archit. Manag, 5, 182–188.
Gavilan, R.M.; Bernold, L.E. (1994) Source Evaluation of Solid Waste in Building Construction.
J. Constr. Eng. Manag, 120, 536–552.
GOV.UK. Print Classify Different Types of Waste. Available online: https://www.gov.uk/how-

to-classifydifferent-types-of-waste/print.
ICF Incorporated. Construction and Demolition Waste Landfills. Available online: https:
//nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/9101Q651.TXT?
ZyActionD=ZyDocument&Client=EPA&Index=1995+Thru+1999&Docs=&Query=&Time=
&EndTime=&SearchMethod=1&TocRestrict=n&oc=&TocEntry=QField=&QFieldYear=&
QFieldMonth=&QFieldDay=&IntQFieldOp=0&ExtQFieldOp=0&XmlQuery=.
Narimah Kasim, A. A. (2013). RFID Technology for Materials Management in Construction

Projects - A Review. International Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,
Faculty of Technology Management & Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,
Johor, 86400, Malaysia , pp,7-8.
Ortiz O, Pasqualino J, C, Díez G, Castells F, (2010), The environmental impact of the

construction phase: An application to composite walls from a life cycle perspective,
Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 54, 832–840.
Saidu, I. and Shakantu, W. M. (2016c). The contributions of Material Waste to project-cost

Overrun in Abuja, Nigeria. Acta Structilia, 23 (1), 99-113
Senayit Yibrah, (2020) Assessment of Construction Material Waste Minimization And

Management Plan in Public Building Construction Projects: The Case of Addis Ababa City,
Msc thesis.
Sepa. Guidance on Using the European Waste Catalogue (EWC) to Code Waste. Available
online: www.sepa.org.uk/media/162682/sepa-waste-thesaurus.pdf.
Shen, L. Y., Tam, V. W. Y and Tam, C. M., (2002), Material Wastage in Construction Activities
– A Hong Kong Survey, Proceedings of the CIB W107 1st International Conference:

Creating a Sustainable Construction Industry in Developing Countries, 11 – 13 November,

Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Tewodros A, Abdulaziz O and Haddush G, (2020), Assessment of Construction Waste

Management Practice in Mekelle, northern Ethiopia: Challenges and Opportunities, Momona
Ethiopian Journal of Science (MEJS),V13(1):177-190,2021,
http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mejs.v13i1.10
Watuka, J., and Aligula, E. M., (2002), Sustainable Construction Practices in the Kenyan
Construction Industry: The Need for a Facilitative Regulatory Environment, Proceedings of
the CIB W107 1st International Conference: Creating a Sustainable Construction Industry in
Developing Countries, 11 – 13 November, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Yakkaluru Peddavenkatesu , B.Harish Naik, (2016) International Journal of Innovative Research

in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 5,
Issue 10, October 2016.

Demisew's Thesis Proposal D

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Demisew's Thesis Proposal D

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ADDIS COLLEGE

POST GRADUATE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY

MSc. THESIS PROPOSAL ON

ASSESSMENT OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT

PRACTICE ON PUBLIC BUILDING PROJECTS IN ADDIS ABABA

DEMISEW WONDYE ID NO: GSR/036/2011

ADVISOR: Dr. TSEGAYE

1. Dr, Tsegaye ________________ ____________ __________

Advisor Signature Date

2. ___________________________ _____________ ___________

Name of Examiner-1 Signature Date

3. ___________________________ _____________ ___________

Name of Examiner-2 Signature Date

4. ___________________________ _____________ ___________

Chairman Signature Date

4. ___________________________ _____________ ___________

School Dean Signature Date

Table 4.1 Schedule for the duration of the thesis..........................................................................16

MSc. Thesis Proposal Prepared by: Demisew W. 1

Specify the gap you will study

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1.3.1 General objective

1.3.2 Specific objective

Specifically, the following objectives will be carried out:

 To identify the factors contributing to construction material waste generation during

1.4 Research Questions

1. Which type of construction material is mostly wasteful?

MSc. Thesis Proposal Prepared by: Demisew W. 3

3. What is the current practice of construction material waste management in public

1.5 Significance of the Study

1.6 Scope of the Study

MSc. Thesis Proposal Prepared by: Demisew W. 4

2.2 Construction Wastes

The Construction industry, while contributing to overall socio-economic development of any

MSc. Thesis Proposal Prepared by: Demisew W. 5

2.2.1 Construction Waste Categories

2.2.2 Construction Material Wastes

2.3 Factors Influencing Construction Waste Generations

MSc. Thesis Proposal Prepared by: Demisew W. 7

MSc. Thesis Proposal Prepared by: Demisew W. 8

2.4 Material Management in Construction Projects

Materials management in construction projects is a key function that significantly contributes to

MSc. Thesis Proposal Prepared by: Demisew W. 9

2.5 Construction Material Waste Management Techniques

MSc. Thesis Proposal Prepared by: Demisew W. 10

2.5.1 Current Practice of Construction Material Waste Management in Ethiopia

MSc. Thesis Proposal Prepared by: Demisew W. 11

3. MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Study area

Figure 3.1 Location map of Addis Ababa city

MSc. Thesis Proposal Prepared by: Demisew W. 12

3.2 Research Design

3.3 Sources of data

3.4 Population and Sampling Technique

MSc. Thesis Proposal Prepared by: Demisew W. 13

3.5 Data Collection Methods

Questionnaires will be developed to answer the research objective. In order to prepare a

3.5.2 Face to Face Interviews

MSc. Thesis Proposal Prepared by: Demisew W. 14

3.6 Data Analysis

MSc. Thesis Proposal Prepared by: Demisew W. 15

Table 4.1 Schedule for the duration of the thesis

1. Dr, Tsegaye ______

2. _____________________ _ _____

3. _____________________ _ _____

4. _____________________ _ _____

4. _____________________ _ _____