Republic of the Philippines

Commission on Higher Education

CARAGA STATE UNIVERSITY
Ampayon, Butuan City, Agusan del Norte

SUSTAINABLE FOREST, SUSTAINABLE LIFE: A CASE STUDY OF THE

ECONOMIC VALUE AND BENEFIT OF NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS IN THE
SELECTED BARANGAY OF BUTUAN CITY, AGUSAN DEL NORTE

A CASE STUDY SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE COLLEGE OF

FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CARAGA STATE UNIVERSITY
MAIN-CAMPUS AMPAYON, BUTUAN CITY

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE FRM

112 (FOREST RESOURCE ECONOMICS AND VALUATION)

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN FORESTRY

ANCHETA, FAYE CARMELA

BILANO, ROLAMAY E.
BOLOTAOLO, AUDIEL ROSE A.
CLEMENTE, JOHN HAROLD
MADELO, MARYJANE C.
MAGALOP, ELAIZA
MINGUITA, KIZZA EYN S.
SACO, JOHN CLARENCE
TASARRA, ANGELICA A.

JUNE 2023

1
 INTRODUCTION

Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are those that originate from forests but are made of
different plants and animals rather than wood (Kusters, Belcher & Eds, 2004). They are products and
services that come from forests without requiring the removal of timber. They cover a broad range of
goods such as fruits, nuts, medicinal herbs, honey, and other items derived from forests. NTFP is
categorized as "minor forest products" in the Philippines. They are an essential food source for rural
residents, the main supply of fiber and fodder, and a priceless source of raw materials for cottage
industry furniture and handicraft production (Neri, 1994). Many NTFPs may be utilized for sustenance in
traditional forest communities, while others may be the primary or sole source of income Totems,
incense, and other sacred items are a few NTFPs with high cultural value. Frequently, when addressing
rural development and forest preservation, non-timber products come up (Kusters, Belcher & Eds,
2004). Governments, conservation and development groups, and non-governmental organizations have
promoted the marketing and sale of NTFPs during the past 20 years as a way to provide revenue for the
poor in the tropics and promote forest preservation (CIFOR, 2005).

In addition, Indigenous and community members have traditionally utilized these products for
food, medicine, and cultural purposes. Though their potential to aid in sustainable forest management
and reducing poverty has been widely understood, the economic importance of NTFPs has only lately
come to light. Environmental non-governmental organizations, donors, and development organizations
have found that the idea that forests can produce a stream of valuable products without being
subjected to the destructive harvesting frequently associated with industrial forestry is appealing when
looking for ways to advance development while also promoting environmental protection. In contrast,
the sustainable production of many NTFPs is no longer guaranteed, as forest areas are reduced, human
populations have grown, markets are changing, and traditional management institutions are losing their
influence. As a result of widespread over-exploitation and resource destruction in many locations, the
local biodiversity was negatively impacted and the population lost a significant source of income. The
depletion of numerous NTFPs has also been caused by wasteful use and the destruction of a large
portion of the nation's forests. (Neri, 1994).

In this case study, the production of Non-Timber Forest Products in the selected barangays of
Butuan City namely: Sikatuna, Tiniwisan, and Langihan are evaluated in terms of their economic worth
and advantages for local life. Identifying the difficulties in making the products is also important. This

2
case study will focus on the economic value or benefit of NTFPs business owners. It will examine how
the sustainable management and production of NTFPs can contribute to local economies, provide
livelihood opportunities, and especially to Business owners who sell NTFPs. As a result, this study will
enable us to understand the significance of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) for the overall
community as well as for rural areas.

METHODOLOGY

This section underscores the methods that will be utilized in the study. This includes the Research

Environment, Participants and Sampling, Data Collection, and Data Analysis.

Research Environment

The study was conducted in the City of Butuan. The compelling reason why researchers conduct

this study it’s because of The Economic value or benefit of NTFPs Business owners in the selected

Barangays of Butuan City namely: Sikatuna, Langihan, and Tiniwisan as the research environment of the

study because it qualified on the following criteria: (a) The area must have NTFPs products

sold/produced (b) The area must be in Butuan City (c) The area is open for or has NTFPs. The researchers

believe that the selected barangay is fit for the necessary participant of the study as to what the data

described.

Participants and Sampling

3
 In this paper, the researchers used purposive sampling in selecting the participants of this

study. Purposive sampling is a non-probability sample that is selected based on the characteristics of a

population and the objective of the study. This way of sampling is also known as judgmental selective or

subjective sampling (Crossman, 2020).

In this study, the researchers selected a total of Three (3) primary participants based on

the following criteria: (a) the participants must be business owners/sellers in Butuan City, (b) the

participants must be bona fide citizens in selected Barangay of Sikatuna, Tiniwisan, and Langihan, and (c)

the participants must have Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) available in their physical stores. The

researcher used these criteria to ensure that these Participants are credible and had knowledge that

could be utilized in responding to the questions that were given to them. Aside from that, the

researchers select One (1) participant from each selected Barangay of Butuan City namely Sikatuna,

Langihan, and Tiniwisan to draw their views and experiences as a business owners of NTFPs. The

researchers believed that the participants of the study provide and share their experiences with regard

to the necessary data and information that has to be complied with for the completion and adequacy of

the study.

Data Collection and Analysis

In this study, the data was gathered through the use of semi-structured interview guide questions

during the in-depth interview with the participants. The researchers seek consent from the participants

to jot down the responses of the participants. The researchers did an in-depth interview that has

questions that lead the participants in giving elaborate answers. The researchers did allow the

4
participants to ask questions or clarifications and were given no time limit in delivering the responses

and processing the questions in order to avoid miscommunication.

Thematic Analysis. This tool can help in understanding to identify patterns of themes in the

interview data. It is a flexible method for qualitative information that can use both for explorative

studies, where you don’t have a clear idea of what patterns you are searching for, as well as for more

deductive studies, where you know exactly what you are interested in (Mortensen, 2020).

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to identify the Non-timber Forest Products locally, particularly in Barangay

Sikatuna, Langihan, and Tiniwisan. To evaluate the benefits as well as the issues in the production of the

goods as a business owner.

Specifically, we endeavor to find out the following:

1.) How does the NTFPs business owner/seller of the selected barangay address the issues or

struggles they encounter?

2.) How does the NTFPs business owner/seller of the selected barangay manage or pursue finance

the monthly income despite of crisis, especially during the Pandemic?

3.) Did they encounter any goods or supplies shortages? If so, how did they address it?

5
 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

This study aims to explore the Economic value or benefits of NTFPs business owners in the

selected Barangay of Butuan City namely: Sikatuna, Langihan, and Tiniwisan this will seek to answer the

following questions:

1.) To be able to recognize the NTFP business owners in every selected barangay on what kind

of NFTPs they sell.

2.) To be able to assess each business owner of a selected barangay on their average monthly

and annual income from its products.

3.) To determine the value or benefits and struggles of the production and selling of NTFPs in

Barangay Sikatuna, Langihan, and Tiniwisan.

6
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This section presented the collected results and analysis of the Economic Value/Benefits of Non-

Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) Business Owners in the selected Barangay of Butuan City namely:

Sikatuna, Tiniwisan, and Langihan. The findings presented in this section are taken from in-depth

interviews. The discussions of the result are arranged in accordance with the objectives of the study.

Sikatuna Tiniwisan
Langihan
Basket Bags
Basket
Bags Sandal

Bags Furniture

Hats
Furniture
Brooms

Figure 1. Pictorial Analysis of the production or items Sells from each Seller of Barangay Sikatuna,

Langihan, and Tiniwisan.

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 Location Price Range Best Seller Least Sold Products
Langihan 100-3,000 Baskets Bags
Sikatuna 1000-5,000 Baskets None
Tiniwisan 100-500 Sandals Bags

Figure 2. This table presents a comparison of different locations and their respective price ranges, best-

selling products, and least-sold products.

The Financial Income of NTFPs Business owners

The data gathered below was the possible Annual and Monthly Income of the sellers experienced based

on their answers.

It is well established that non-timber forest products (NTFPs) contribute in various ways to the

well-being of many rural and urban households and populations around the world (Angelsen et al.,

2014; Shackleton and Pullanikkatil, 2018). Valuation of the tangible contributions via household

provisioning and trade indicates that income shares from NTFPs vary within and between communities

and regions, and range from just a few percent to over 50% (Vedeld et al., 2007; Angelsen et al., 2014).

Broad patterns, albeit with exceptions, indicate that income contributions are often highest amongst the

poorest households and communities, large households, and those in more remote settings (Shackleton,

2015). There is also growing evidence that local and wider-scale commercialization of NTFPs is

increasing in many regions, providing cash income to numerous households (Welford and le Breton,

2008; Cunningham, 2011).

8
“…Ang among income, dili sya dako, dili ra sab kaayo gamay. Igo-igo lang nga maka bawi mi sa among
capital ug maka ginansya. . .” Participant from Brgy. Tiniwisan

Our income is not that big, just right for us to get back the capital and profit.

“…During Covid, ang price is amo gi tas-an tungod gusto sab namo nga I tabang sa ila (supplier) ang
among na sabutan sa price. . .” Participant from Brgy. Langihan

During the Covid pandemic, we bought the supply at a little higher price as a help to our supplier who’s
also affected by the pandemic.

‘’…Naay times nga kusog ang amo income og naa pud dili, pero normal rajud na siya sa business but
naka depende nalang na sa imoha kong unsaon nimo ang pag survive during trials na amo ma
encounter. Pero atong pandemic jud na time dako kaau mig na income ato labi na kay sa online selling.
Biskan karon dako gihapon mig na income tungod n ini…’’ Participant from Brgy. Sikatuna

We occasionally make quite a bit of income, but not usually. It will only depend on how well your
business handles difficult circumstances. But during the pandemic, we really had a significant increase in
income, especially with online selling. Even now, we still have a substantial income because of it.

The respondent in Barangay Tiniwisan business operates with a moderate income that allows them

to recover the capital and make a profit. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Barangay Langihan store

showed support to their supplier by purchasing supplies at a slightly higher price, understanding the

challenges they were facing.

On the other hand, the Barangay Sikatuna store, while their business occasionally generates a

substantial income, it is not consistently the case. The level of income largely depends on how well your

business manages difficult circumstances and adapts to challenges.

9
 Annual Income (2019-2022)
1200000

1000000

800000

600000

400000

200000

0
2019 2020 2021 2022

Langihan Sikatuna Tiniwisan

2022 Monthly Income

140000

120000

100000

80000

60000

40000

20000

0
ry ar
y ch ril ay ne Ju
ly st be
r
be
r
be
r
be
r
ua ru ar Ap M Ju gu m to m m
an b M Au e c e e
J F e pt O v c
Se No De

Langihan Sikatuna Tiniwisan

Figures 3 & 4. Pictorial Analysis of the Annual and Monthly Income of NTFPs Business owners from each

Seller of Barangay Sikatuna, Langihan, and Tiniwisan.

10
 The Struggles of NTFPs Business Owners

The section below consists of participants’ statements gathered in conducted interview.

Although research efforts are growing, NTFPs' business potential is still vastly underdeveloped.

The literature has identified a number of issues that limit the growth of the NTFP sector. Studies on

NTFP supply chains have identified bottlenecks (i.e., the major difficulties) at particular locations in the

chain. (Cesar, A.D.S.; Conejero, M.A.; Barros Ribeiro, E.C.; Batalha, M.O. 2019). The main challenges of

the NTFP sector are “scarcity of raw material (in terms of both quantity and seasonal availability), low

market transparency, lack of business and marketing skills, small market size and high production and

transport costs” (Maso, D.; Matilainen, A.; Pettenella, D. 2011). Additionally, it is common for micro and

small businesses to lack enough access to the personnel, technology, and information required for long-

term company planning and administration. (Meinhold, K.; Darr, D. 2019). Market inefficiencies for

goods produced in small quantities present additional difficulties, particularly when the quantity and

quality of the goods can vary as a result of climatic variations and other production-related factors.

Demand changes brought on by, among other things, shifting trends or variable product availability and

costs can also be unpredictable. (Belcher, B.; Schreckenberg, K. 2007). The small NTFP market is further

segmented into even smaller specific markets (Vidale, E.; et al. 2014).

“…Ang pinaka dako jud nga challenge nga na atubang sa among Negosyo, kay kadtong pandemic.
Tungod kay nag lockdown naman ug sugod atong 2020, wala na mi naka transport sa among mga
baligya sa Davao ug Manila kay wala naman poy trade fair. Sukad ato, wala na mi naka balik ug deliver
hangtud ron...” Participant from Brgy. Tiniwisan

The major challenge our business has encountered so far was during the pandemic. Since we sell our
products at trade fairs in Manila and Davao, we were unable to transport our goods during the
lockdown way back in 2020. Since that time, we have not resumed selling our products at every said
event.

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“…During bagyo, grabeng igoa sa among source sa product. Like ang product is lisod I recover kay
tungod sa taas nga process ang buhaton. . . ‘’ Participant from Brgy. Langihan

At the height of the typhoon, great damage was done to our source of product. It is difficult to recover
because the process required is high.

‘’… As a business owner daghan jud challenges ang mo abot sa imo business, isa na ana ang typhoon kay
maka cause siya og delay of delivery sa imo products kay lisud ang transportation ana nga time kapang
naay typhoon.’’ Participant form Brgy. Langihan

It has numerous difficulties that we, as business owners must overcome. Typhoon is one among them.
Due to the challenging transportation during typhoons, it may result in a delay in the product's delivery.

The COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence of a typhoon have presented considerable obstacles

for the respondent's business. Due to the lockdown in 2020, they were unable to transport goods and

take part in events in Manila and Davao, which had an effect on their marketing and sales efforts.

Additionally, the typhoon's damage to their product source creates extra challenges for the

rehabilitation process.

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 Struggles of NFTPs
Business Owners

Human/Social Production Environmental

aspect aspect aspect

Customer Affected during

Less Cancelled Lack of Raw
Expectations and Pandemic and
Buyers Orders materials
Choices Typhoon

Synthetic Material are more Delayed delivery of

in demand than NTFPs products

Figure 5. Pictorial Analysis of the struggles encountered by NTFPs Business owners from each Seller of

Barangay Sikatuna, Langihan, and Tiniwisan.

13
 The Benefits of NTFPs Business Owners

The section below consists of participants’ statements gathered in conducted interview.

In the economic lives of rural populations that live in or near forests, NTFPs serve three basic

purposes. First and foremost, they assist in meeting the subsistence and consumption needs of

households in terms of, for example, energy and nutrition as well as for medical and building needs.

Second, they act as a safety net in times of need (such as when other income sources are inadequate,

such as in instances of crop failure), and third, some NTFPs offer regular cash income. (Angelsen and

Wunder, 2003, Cavendish, 2002, Chileshe, 2005). Even while the gathering of NTFPs is labor-intensive

and has relatively low labor returns, it only needs a few technologies and skills, and most extraction

locations are open or semi-open access. (Angelsen and Wunder, 2003). These characteristics of NTFP

extraction make it an attractive and important income opportunity for the rural poor.

“…Dako jud kaayo ug natabang namo ni nga negosyo, bisan dili mi ani ga salig sa among pang adlaw
adlaw kay dili man pod kada adlaw among halin ani. Labi na sa pagpa skwela namo sa among mga
bata...” Participant from Brgy. Tiniwisan

This business is really a big help to us. Though we don’t rely on this for our daily needs in terms of
supporting our children’s education, this helps us a lot.

14
‘’…Business owner ug ang farmer naka benefit kay vice versa mi nag tinabangay. Gipalit namo ang
product gikan sa farmer, then sila na ang mag harvest ug mag himo. Ang mo abot sa amo is finished
product na...“Participant from Brgy. Langihan

Both the business owner and the farmer have benefited because we helped each other. We bought the
product for them. They are the ones who made the goods and deliver the finished products.

”…Daghan sab mi benefits ani amoa business og dili lang pud kami ang naka benefits, apil napud ang
mga suppliers namo nga mao jud ang na ga himo sa ako products og tungod ani nga business kay naka
expand napud mi sa ako pwesto. Dako pud kayo ni og tabang sa amo kay mao jud among panginabuhi
kani ang nag sustento namo sa tanan gastuhunon na kinahanglanon namo taga adlaw…” Participant
from Brgy. Sikatuna

Since our suppliers are the ones who actually create the products, our firm has many advantages that
not only benefit us but also allow us to grow. This is also a huge help to us because it is our livelihood,
it's what supports us in meeting all our daily expenses.

Their business has proven to be a significant source of support and assistance, particularly in terms

of contributing to their children's education. While it may not be their primary source of income for daily

needs, it plays a crucial role in fulfilling financial responsibilities related to education.

The mutually beneficial relationship between their business and the farmers who supply their

products is notable. By purchasing their goods and supporting their livelihood, they establish a symbiotic

partnership. The farmers create and deliver the products, while their business benefits from their quality

goods, which they can sell to customers.

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 Benefits of Being a NTFPs
Business Owners

Personal
Financial Aspect Social Aspect
Aspect

Daily Needs (Food, Provide budget Medical Uplifted Contributes to

Clothing and etc) for School Needs Economic Local Community
(Allowance, Status
Tuition, Etc.)
Emergency
support Contribute to
Daily Needs Cultural and
Traditional
Heritage of
Butuan City
Medical Needs

Contributes to
the Economy of
Butuan City

Figure 6. Pictorial Analysis of the benefits experienced by NTFPs Business owners from each Seller of

Barangay Sikatuna, Langihan, and Tiniwisan.

16
 Conclusions

Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are confirmed to be a source of income for locals,

particularly those who sell NTFPs. In keeping with this sustainable forest, a sustainable life looks into

how non-timber forest products' economic value outweighs obstacles, struggles, and benefits. Local

communities can implement sustainable harvesting techniques to guarantee the regeneration and

conservation of forest resources, delivering a steady stream of advantages throughout time. Local

business owners now have more chances to launch small-scale processing facilities or craft businesses.

Individuals can get a bigger cut of the economic rewards by contributing value to NTFPs. These methods

are employed to identify the key variables affecting businesses. It is possible to achieve sustainable

development goals and reap the best benefits from the available resources. As a result, this study offers

crucial information for NTFP business owners in the chosen barangay of Butuan City, enabling them to

analyze their average and monthly financial gain from such products as well as their values, benefits,

and challenges. NTFPs are frequently of cultural importance and are firmly ingrained in regional customs

and knowledge systems. Local communities can maintain their cultural legacy and traditional knowledge

by participating in the collecting and exchange of NTFPs, opening up prospects for cultural tourism and

related economic activity. Lastly, it is crucial to remember that in order to realize these benefits, it is

necessary to have the right policies, a supportive infrastructure, market connections, capacity building,

and community empowerment. To guarantee the long-term viability of NTFP-based livelihoods and the

conservation of natural resources, it is essential to engage in sustainable and responsible practices.

17
 Recommendation

The following are some areas that emerged as potential candidates for more research as the study

moved forward.

Furthermore, recommendations to specific beneficiaries should be considered such as the following:

Non-Timber Forest Products business owners: We the researcher is thrilled to recommend this

study to the NTFPs business owners. Particularly in determining the economic value or benefits of selling

the NTFPs. What respective price, best-selling products, and the least to give a knowledge based on the

results and discussion of the study. The group also recommends strengthening partnerships and

collaboration, Market Research, the quality assurance of your NTFPs, and continuously enhancing your

knowledge and skills related to NTFPs.

Production Supplier of raw materials: This study could also help the production supplier of raw

materials based on the study discussed in the objectives to assess and recognize the NTFP business

owners on their monthly and annual income. In relation to this, the supplier will be able to understand

which NTFP they have produced is the best-selling product. We highly recommend practicing

sustainable harvesting to ensure the long-term availability of NTFPs.

Local Government: Future research could further examine the economic value and the importance

of NTFPs. It is suggested also to utilize the data for future reference. We also recommend conducting

awareness campaigns and educational programs to promote the value of NTFPs, also to establish a

monitoring mechanism to track NTFPs activities, including harvesting levels, compliance with

regulations, and impacts on ecosystems. In addition, the researcher also recommends Investing in

appropriate infrastructure to support NTFP activities, Market development, Policy and regulatory

18
support, and involving local communities in decision-making processes related to NTFP management

and development.

Future researchers: It is advised to carry out a similar investigation on the words found in this

study. Especially the ways of gathering the data, the tool used to identify the patterns, and the data

collection itself. Further, this has a lot of significant references that can help other studies progress in

the future.

19
References

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analysis. World Dev. 64, S12–S28. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.03.006. Retrieved on June 19, 2023.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X14000722?via%3Dihub

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Research Implications. Retrieved from June 19, 2023.

https://www.cifor.org/knowledge/publication/1211

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%3Dihub

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 Appendix A

Documentation

23
 Appendix B

Questionnaires

I- DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

Direction: Answer the following items by checking the box

Sex: Female Male

Educational level:

Primary Secondary

Tertiary Others (vocational)

Marital status:

Single v Married v Divorced

Size of business

Sole Proprietor Medium (6-10 employees)

Small (1-5 employees) Large (11-20 or above)

a.) Years involved in selling non-timber forest products?

b.) Years involved in collecting non-timber forest products?

24
 II- PRODUCTS

Direction: Please answer each question as accurately as possible by circling the correct answer

or filling in the space provided.

1. What kind of products do you sell?

2. What plant do you use in making these NTFPs?

3. How many days or duration (estimated) for the process of making those products?

4. Do you produce these products in another place? If so, where?

III- COLLECTION OF MATERIAL USED

1. Do you collect, and sell your products?

2. Where did your raw products come from?

3. In what Municipality/Barangay of ________the raw products came from?

IV- SALES AND INCOME

1. How much do you make each day? And what is the range of the prices of your items?

2. What product (s) has increased and decreased in sales for the past 5 months?

3. Described the sales during the pandemic

25
4. Described the sales during post-pandemic

5. Did you encounter any goods or supplies shortages?

V- ISSUES RELATING TO NFTPs

1. Do you encounter challenges in selling your products?

2. How you will describe the issues or challenges in selling these products?

3. Are there any government support programs or initiatives for your business or

livelihood?

VI- BENEFIT OF SELLING OR PRODUCING NFTPs

1. Is the selling of NFTPs provide your daily needs?

2. Is being a producer of NTFPs able to send your children/ or yourself to school?

3. Is being a producer of NTFPs able to provide your medical needs?

4. Is being a producer of NTFPs uplifted your economic status?

5. Is having this business contribute to the local community?

6. Do you agree that the production of these products contributes to the economy of

Butuan City?

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 Appendix C

Curriculum Vitae

Name: Elaiza Magalop

Birthdate: June 7, 2001

Age: 22

Status: Single

Address: P- 1A Brgy. Tiniwisan, Butuan City

Educational level: 3rd Year College, Forestry

Contribution: Transcriber, Interviewer, some part of Introduction

27
Name: Audiel Rose A. Bolotaolo

Birthdate: September 19, 2001

Age: 21

Status: Single

Address: P-7 Ambago, Butuan City

Educational level: 3rd Year College, Forestry

Contribution: Methodology (all part), Interviewer, Paraphraser, Editor

28
Name: John Clarence Saco

Birthdate: August 1, 2001

Age: 21

Status: Single

Address: P-5 Brgy. Marcos Magallanes, Agusan del Norte

Educational level: 3rd Year College, Forestry

Contribution: Results and Discussions

29
Name: Rolamay E. Bilano

Birthday: May 05, 2001

Age: 22

Status: Single

Adress: P2 Brgy. MJ Santos Butuan City

Educational Level: 2nd year College, Forestry

Contribution: Recommendation

30
Name: Kizza Eyn S. Minguita

Birthdate: October 19, 2001

Age: 21

Status: single

Address:P-3, Brgy. Caridad, Pilar, Surigao Del Norte

Educational level: 3rd year College, Forestry

Contribution: Questionnaire, merging of introduction, Revising

31
Name: Faye Carmela Ancheta

Birthdate: January 25, 2002

Age: 21

Status: Single

Address: P-6 Ampayon, Butuan City

Educational level: 3rd year College, Forestry

Contribution: Indices, Reference

32
Name: Angelica A. Tasarra

Birthdate: June 7,2002

Age: 21

Status: single

Address:P-2 A, BRGY. Sto. Nino, Butuan city

Educational level: 2nd year College, Forestry

Contribution: Conclusion, Interviewer

33
Name: Maryjane C Madelo

Birthdate: December 24, 2000

Age: 22

Status: single

Address: P-2 Charito, Bayugan City

Educational level: 2nd year College, Forestry

Contribution: Introduction, Conclusion, Interviewer

34
Name: John Harold Clemente

Birthdate: August 17, 2001

Age: 21

Status: Single

Address: Lapinigan, San Francisco, Agusan del Sur

Educational level: 3rd year College, Forestry

Contribution: Interviewer,

35