"\

ENGLISH
GRAMMAR SecondEdition

'i\
.l

Befty SchrqmpferAzqr
i'
i
I Librnry.rfCortarcdsCutiloglng-lu-l'ubliertl.rn[r:rt$
i Azar,BettyScrampfer,1941-
. BasicEnglishgrammar/ Betty SchrampferAzar. - 2nd ed-
:
I
:
p. cm.
Includesindexes,
ISBN 0-t3-3683t7-6
ISBN 0-13-368424-5 (v. l). - ISBN 0-t3-36835&3 (v. 2)
J
l. Englishlanguage--Textbooks for foreign speakers. 2. eirgtistr
language--Grammar--Problems,exercises,etc. I.Tide.
PE1128.496 1995
428.2'4--dc20 9L25711
CIP

Publisher: Tina B. Cantn

Director of Production and Manufacuftng: AEza Greenblatt
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A Pea$onBlucationComp.ny
Pcarson
Education
l0 BankStr€ea
F
WhitePlains,
NY 10606

All rights reserved.No pan of this book may be

reproduced,in any form or by any means,
without permissionin writing from the publisher.

Printedin theUnitedStatesof America

1098

rsBN 0-13-3b83I?-b
I S B N 0 - 1 , 3 - 3 b A q e t l - 5( V o 1 . A )
I S B N 0 - 1 , 3 - 3 h 6 3 5 4 - 3( V o l . B )

*
Chopter I
l-1
t-)
t-3
t-4
l-5
t-o

l-8
l-9
I-10
l-l I
!-r2
l-1.]
l-14
1 -1 5

Chopter2

2-3
2_4

z-6
2-7
2-8
2-9

CONTENTST iii
 2-lO TFIE SIMPLE I'RESDNT:YESAIOQUESTIONS...... ..................61
-THE
2-II SIMPLE PRESENT: ASKING INFORMATION QUESTIONS
vlrTlj WHERE. ....................64
2-12 THE SIMPI.E PRESENT: ASKING INFORMATION QUESTIONS
. \VITH WITEN AND WHAT TIME. ..................66

Chopter3 EXPRESSING TIME(PARI2)

PRESENT
3-1 BE + -ING; THE PRESENT PROGRESSMTTENSE..... ........84
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
?-6
3-7
3-8
3-9
3-10
3-11
3-12
3-t3
3-14

Chopter4 NOUNSANDPRONOUNS
4-1 NOUNS:SUBIECTS
AND OBIECTS............. ...127
.....................129

4-4
4-5
4-6
4-7
4-a
4-9
4-l(l
r+- l I

4-12
4-t3

4-t4

jv r corure
rurs
Chopter5 EXPRESSING
PAST
TIME
5-l
5-Z
5-3 PAST OF AE: QUESTIONS .......
5-4 THE SIMPI.E PAST TENSE: USING -ED
5-5
5_6
5-V
5-8
5_9
5-10
5-l I
5-t2
5-13

5-14
5 -1 5 tsqrTHWHO....................
QUESTTONS
5-16 ASKINGABOUTTHE MEAMNG OF A \VORD .... .................212
5-17 rloRE TRREGULAR V8R8S............... ..............2r3
5-18 BEFOREAND /4EIER IN TIME CLAUSES ............................216
5-19 wlrEN rN TrME CLAUSES.......... ...................219

Chopler6 EXPRESSING
FUTURE
TIME
6-l FUTURETIME: USING AE GOING TO...-------.-.....--... .............231
6-2 woRDS USEDFORPASTTrME AND FUTI'RE TIME.....................................235
6-3 USINGI COUPLE OF ORA FEWV/TT}{ AGO (PAST) AND
rN (FUTURE).... ....................238
6-4 USING ?.ODIY, TONIGTIIi AND THIS + MORNING,
AFTERNOON,EyENTNG,WEEKMONT:H,YEAR ..........................................23
6-5 FUTURETIME: USING WIII-...........
6-6 ASKINGQUESTIONS\(/ITII WILL....
6-7
6_8
6_9
6-10
6-11
6-12
o-l.f

6-14

6-15
6-16 AlORE IRREGUI-ARV8R8S......,...,...

CONTENTS I
 Chqpfer 7

7-2
7-3
7-4
't-5

7-6
7-7
7-8
7-9
7-10
7-t1
7- t 2

7-14
7-15
7-16
7- r 7
7- t a

Chopler 8
8-1
a-2
8-3
8-4
8_5
8-6
a-7 POSSESSIVE
NOUNS.... ...................,.,......
....'.,..........3
43
8-8
8-9

8-10
8-l I
8-r2
8-13
8-14
8-15
8-16
a-17
8-18
8-19
a-20 MORE IRREGULAR VERBS

vi r coNTENTs
Chopler 9
9-1

9-2
9-3
9-4
9-5
9-(r
9-7
9-8
9-9
9-10
9-l I

Chopterl0
l0-I
l0-2
l0-3
10-4
l0-5
10-6

ro-7
t 0-8
10-9
l0-10
1 0 - 1I
to-12
l0-13
l0-14
t 0-15
l0-16
l0-17
l0-18

Appendix I
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
Appendix 4
Appendix 5

CONIENIS I Yi,
Basic Ettglish Grammar remains a developmental skills text for studentsof English as a
second or foreign language. Serving as both a reference and a tvorkbook, it introduces
students to the form, meaning, and usage ofbasic structures in English. It provides ample
opportunities for practice through extensive and varied exercisesleading to
communicative activities. Although it focuses on grammar, it promotes the development
of all language skills.
This second edition has a greatly expanded range of contents to provide a solid core
of basic English grammar for lower-level or beginning students.It includes numerous
new exercises with, at the end ofeach chapter, cumulative reviervexercisesthat include
additional communicative and interactive student-centered rasks.
Also available are an Answer Key, with answers only, and a Teacher's
Guide, witt
teaching suggestions as well as the answers to the exercises.

t)ltLrnc[ r ,x
 Writing Englishgrammartextsis a pleasurefor me. In this pursuit, I am helped by many
wonderful people:dedicatedteachersrr'hogive presentationsat conferencesand write
articlesfor regionalnewslenersor internationaliournals;researcherss'ho explore the
howsand whys of secondlanguage grammarians
acquisition; rvho presenttheir
observationsclearlyand convincingly;pastand presentauthors of other ESL/ItrL
grammarmatcrialswho shorvcrcativcandsoundapproachcsto hclping studcntsglrin
undcrstanclit.tg utrrl usagcahility ol'1,)nglishi eollcagtrcslr,lroAivc rlc valLrublclc'ctlbirckrlrtl
sharc rl,cir pcdagogical insiglrts;antl putrlishing prol'cssiorrllsrlho knorv lrorv to urolcland
market educational materials.Ve all rely on one another.
Above all, I am indebtedto my srudents,who havc tnught me a grcat dcal about the
languagcacqttisitiotrproccssby opcrrlyshuringrvillr nTcthcir lcarnirrg cxlrcricrrccsnnrl
practical ncc(ls.
l n s u m , I a m i n d c b t c dt o t h c l i S l , / l ' : l J Lc o m n r r r r r i t oy l t c u c l r c l s ,r c s c u r c h c r -rsu, t h ( ) r s ,
publishcrs,and studclrts.
'l'irrl (
l n p n r t i c u l i r r I, t l r l r r k l i rr v c r ,. l i l rc t . l o l r r r s t o nr r, n t lS h c l l c v I l a r t l c l i r l t l r c i r
iltvalulblc ltrol'cssionlrlisn: as wcll as li'icrrtlship,I trlsorvislrto lllrrrk lllrrblrlu l\rlrrltlrics,
I r c t t c J u z k i wS , t a c y l l l g c l t , N a r . r c yI ' r ' i c c l, . l w l c r r e c( ) i s u r ,| ) o r r A l i r r - t i r r q r tli.,i z c l t c l ( c y c s ,
Stella Reilly, Marita Froimson, Joy Edrvards,ll..T. Stelz, Sue \/an Etten, Ken I(ortlever,
GeneressaAriellc, and ChelscaAzar. My gratitudc goes also to thc man)'wondcrful
teachersand publishersI met in Korea,Japan,and Thiwan on mJ'trip to Asia in 1994.

X I ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
 | I'u rnon 1
rl.e;'u2
I'---1'l

uv
)r\

@
\flrite their namesin the spaces
EXERCISEI : Learn the namesof your classmatesand teacher.
below.

uslNcBFANDHAVE . I
 NOUN + '.S + NOUN "Singular" mcans "onc, not two or morc."
(t) Canada rs .\ cour.ary. ln (t): Ouuudu = a sirrgulur nourr
'J=asingularvcrh
courtrJ = a singular noun

(b) Mexico is c country. I frequcndycomcsin front of singularnouns.

In (b): c comes in front of the singular noun counhy. ,/ is called "an
article."

(c) I cat is cz animal. I and cz have the same meaning. They are both anicles.
.t{ is used in front of words that begin with consonants:6, c, 4f, e,t,
.1,ft, ea. Examples: a bed,a ct, a dog,afriend" a girl
lz is used in front of words that begin with a, a, i and o.*
Exzmples: an animal an ear, an *hnd, an ofiice

*lz is also sometimesused in front ofwords that begin with a. SeeChan 4-7.
The letters a, e, r, o, and r are called "vowels."
All of the other lettersin t}le alphabetare called"consonants."

f EXERCISE2: Completethe sentences.(Jsean ARTIcr-e,

a or an.
l. A horse is ---:9O- animal.

2. English is _ language.

J. Chicago is _ city.
^ Korea is - country.

5 . Europe is - continent.

6. _ dictionary is _ book.

7. _ hotel is _ building.

8. - bear is - animal.

9. - bee is insect.

10.- ant is insect.

2 r cunpren
r
 I EXERCISE Use an anrlcLe (a or an) and the words in the list'
3: Completethe sentences.

anhnal continent inscct

I city countY langnge
I

Arabic is 9. A bee is

Rome is 10. South America is

A cat is 11.A dogis

Asia is 12. China is

Tokyo is 1 3 . Russianis

Spanish is 1 4 . A cow is

Mcxico is 1 5 . A lly is

London is

zlaa
! 4-ORAL:
EXERCISE with your own words. Think of more than
Completethe sentences
onc possil-rlc
conrplction.

1....isalanguage. 3....isacity.
-+ English is a language.
- Spanishis a InnEuage. 4....isacondnent.
, Arabic is a hnguage.
, Etc. 5....isananimal.

6....isaninsect.
2....isacountry.

USINGEEANDHAVE ' 3
 NOUN + ,'RI' + NOUN "Plural" means"two, three,or more."
( a ) Ccrs are anintals. Car= aplural noun
are=apluralverb
aninvls = a plural noun

(b) sntculAR: a cat, an animal. Plural nouns end in -s.

PLURAL: cats, animab z{ and cz are usedonly with singularnouns.

(c) siNGUraR: a city, a country. Some singular nouns that end in -y have a special
PLURAL: cities,countries plural form: They omit the -y and add -r'es.*

NouN and NoL,N + ,4RE + NouN Two nouns connected by cnd arc followed by are.
(d) Canada cnd China are countties. ln (d)'. Canada is a singular noun. Crrirr4 is a
singular noun. They are connectcd by azd.
( e ) Dogs 'fogcthcr
and cqts ore o.nitnak. thcy arc plural, i.e,, "more than one."

*Sec Chart 2-6 for more information about adding -s/-eJ to words that end in -r.

E EXERCISE
5: Changethe singularsenrencesto plural sentences.

SINGULAR I'LURAL

1. An ant is an insect. Antsareinsects.

2. A computer is a machine.

3. A dictionary is a book.

4. A chickenis a bird.

5. A roseis a flower.

6. A carrot is a vegetable.

7. A rabbit is an animal.

4 r CHAPTER
I
I EXERCISE6: Complete the sentenceswith rs or are and one of the nouns in the list. Use the
correct singular form ofthe noun (using a or an) or the correct plural form.

animal counlr! Ianguage

city insect machine
continent

1 . A dog is on onimol
Dogs ore onimals
3 . Spanish

Spanishand Chinese

5 . Asia

6. Asia and Africa

7 . Thailand and Viet Nam

8 . Thailand

9. Butterflies

1 0 . A butterfly

1 1 . An automobile

12. Automobiles

1 3 . London

14. London and Bashdad

! EXERCISE 7-ORAL: Complete the sentences with your orvn rvords.

IlxauPlc: ... a country.

I?csponsc: (Brazil is) a country.

1. ...acountry. 6. ...cities. 11 . . . . c o u n t r i e si n A s i a .
2. ...countrics. 7....animals. 1 2 . . . . a c i t yi n E u r o p e .
3. .. .llnguagcs. 8. . .. aninscct, 13. ... a plant.
4. ... a hnguagc. 9. ... a peninsula. 14. . . . a vcgetablc.
5....acity. 1 0 , . . . s t r e e t isn t h i sc i t y . 15. ,,.aseason.

EEANDHAVE '
USING 5
I EXERCISE8-ORAL (BOOKSC[OSED): rJ(rhat
arethe follorvingthings?
Exantplc: Cows
)?esponse:Cowsarc animals.
1. English 8. Russianand Arabic 15. $Tinter and summer
2. England 9. Spring 16. September and October
3. Butterflies 10. JapanandVenezuela 17. A dictionary :
4. Chickens 11. A computer 18. Tlpe*riters
5. Europc 12. A bcar 19. A Honda
6. Roses 13. Bees 2O. (nanes of cars,cities,countries,
7. A carrot 14- An ant con ti rtert ts,anintak, i ttsects)

stN(iljl.Ati l,l.Ut\r\t. I
.you
PRONOUN BE NOUN PRONOUN + NOUN slte
Itc = pronouns
(a) r arn a studcnt. (r) We studcnts.
ir
(b) Yoa gre a studcnt (g) You students.
tte
(c) Sne ,s a student (h) They students- tlrc!
(d) He rb a sRldent
(e) rt is a counr]:. anl
ir =.,-"ru,
are )

( i ) Ritc is in my class. Sfte is a student. Pronouns refer to nouns.

( j ) Tontis in my class.Ife is a studcnt. In (i): s/r (fcmininc) = llita
(k) Rita and ?bz are in my class. Thqy arc studcnts. 'l-om
ln (D: lrc (masculinc) =
In (k): drcy= Rita and'I'om

f EXERCISE9: Completethe sentences.

Useavnnu: atn, is,or cre. lJse aNouN: a student
or students.

l. 'We ore Students

2. I

3. Rita goes to school. She

4. Rita andTom go to school.They

5. You (oneperson)

6. Yot:,(twopersons)

5t CHAPTER
I
 l0-ORAL (BOOKSCTOSED): Completethe sentenceswith a.fotmofbe + a
EXERCISE
student$tudents. Indicatedre subjector subjectsrvith your hand.
Itxanple: (. . .) ('fhc tcacho nryplies the name o.[a student.)
Response: (Yoko) is a student. (The responding studcnt inditatesYoko.)
1. (. . .) 6. (...)
2.(...)and(...) 7. (...) and(...)
3. I 8.'Ihcy
4. (...)andI 9. You
). we 1 0 . ( . . . ) a n d( . . - ) a n d( . . . )

Now identify the given people as studentsand, in addidon, tell what country or
continent they are from.
11. (...)

I '> (Yoho)isa sndent. Sheis

1 2 . ( . . . ) a n d( . . . )
from Japan.

"+ ( Lttis)and (Pablo)aresudenu. TheyareJront South Amerha.

13. (... )
14. (...)and(...)
15. Etc.

Ptt()NoLlN+Bti'(:oNt.R^C't'loN Vhen people spcak, thcy oftcn

AM I + am '+ I'tn (a) f'rzr a student. push two words together. .,4
con raction = two words that
- are pushed together.
she + is sie's (b) S&e's a student-
,s he + is '. he's (c) IIe's a student.
-+ Contractions of a srrb.Jacr
it + is it's (d) Ir's a ciry.
pfinoun + be are used in both
speaking and writing.
you + are -' you're (e) You're a student.
ANE we + are , ute're You're students-
PUNCTUATToN: The mark in
they + are - they'te (f) We're students. the middle of a contraction is
(g) TZey're students. called an "apostrophe" (').

NoTE: Wiite an apostrophe above the line. Do noi rvrite an apostrophe on the line.

(]ORRIICT: /L act /r't

INCOITRI']CT: / * astolort

USINGBEANDHAVE E 7
 I EXERCfSE I I : Complete rhe sentences. IJse coNrnacrt oNS(pronoun + be).

l . Sarais a student. 5h€3 in my class.

z . Jlir is Ltstudcnt. in my class.

I have otu brother- twenty yearsold.

^ Ihave two sisters. students.

5 . I have a dictionary- on my desk.

o. I like my classnates. fricndly.

7 . I ltllc tlrcc boohs. orr lry rlcsl<.

8 . Mg brotlm is twcnty-six yctrs olcl. marricd.

9 . My sisteris twenty-one years old. singlc.

1 0 . YolzounJ ,4li arc studcnts. in nry class.

1 1 . I likc trty books. ilrtcrcsl ing.

12. I llke grammar. easy.

13. Kate and I live in an aoartment. roommares.

14. rJTelive ia an abarbnent. on Pine SEeet.

15. lgo to school. a student.

16. I knowyoa. in my English class.

.ivot makes a scntence negativc.

(a) Torn lx nol a teacher'. He is a student.
l*"t I
.lvot can be contracted with rb and sre:
coNTRAcTIoN: is + not = isn't
(b) Tom and Ann lare not] teachers.
CoNTRAc'tloN: are + not = oten't
laren't )

(c) I atn not a tcachcr. Arn xnal rrot '.\tc |l()t contfttctcd.

8 r t
cunpren

\
r EXERCISEl2: complete rhe sentences
with the correcrinformation.
1. Korea isn,t a city. It ,so country
2. Horses insects. They
3. Asia a country. It
4. lJccsand ants animals. They
5. Arabic a country. It
6. I a professionalphotographer.I

Ms.Black
Mr.Rice

Ann Sue

7. Ann a gardener. She

8. Mike a gardener. He an arnst.

9. Jim a bus driver. He
10. Sue a photographer. She

1 l. Mr. Rice a police officer. He isn't

12. Ms. Blackisn't She

USINGEFANDHAYE E 9
 NouN+Br+ADJI;cflvtlround
(a) Aball is round. inulligent
(b) Balls are tound,
(c) Mary is intelligent. | 1:oung
(d ) Mary and.Tom are intelligent. I l-ppy

pRoNoLrN + Bt, + ADJECTTVE I Adjectives often follow a form of be (an4 is,

(e) I am hungry. I are)- Adiectises describeor give information
is young- about a noun or pronoun that comcs at the
|
(g) They I begirning
- of a sentence,*
are hgppy. |

*'l'hc noun or pronoun*rat comcsat the beginningof a scntenccis called a "subjecr" SeeChart 4-1.

EXERCISE the drawings.

l3: Complete
s-l-t.l)Elff .{: Make the faccs happy, sad, and angry. Show your drawings to
Student B.
STUDEN-T B: Identify the emotions that Student A sho\\ ed in the drawings. For
example: She is angry. He is sad. They are luppy.

lO l cHnprrnt
 t EXERCISE14: Find the ADJECTIyEin t}e first sentence. Then complete the secondsentence
F with 6e + an adiective that has an opposite meaning. use the adiectivesin the list.
Use each adiectiveonly one time-

beautiful exPensh)e oqen

clean f^t Poor
eold r' lnPPy short
dangerous noky sottr
easy oA tall

l.

z. Ice isn't hot. It

Mr. Thomas isn't rich. He

^ My hair isn't long. It

5 . My clothes aren't dirty. TheY

tr. Flowersaren't ugly. They

7 . Cars aren't cheap.They

8. Airplanesaren't slow. TheY

9. Grammar isn't difficult. It

l o . My sistu' istr'l short. Shc

1 1 . My grandparents aren't young. They

12. The dormitory isn't cluiet. It

IJ. The door isn't closed. It

Guns aren't safe. They

'l'hcy
tf. Lcnrons arcn't srvcct.

Q+ I

I
LEMON SUGAR LEMONADE

USINGEEANDHAYF I II
 f EXERCISE IS-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Use ADJEsrwEsto describethings in the
classroom. Suggestionsare given in parentheses.
Example: round, square, flat
To STUDENTA: (The tcacherztsritestltc wordson theboard:round, square, flat, and tlrcn
touchesor points to somethinground,lor example,a ring or a circledraun on
theboard.) . .
Tell me about this ring that I'm holding. Use one of the words on
thc board.
s'l'uDDNTA: It's round.
To sruDENr B: Tell me about this coin.
sruDENTB: It's round. It's flat.
1. round (a ring, a coin, a circle drawn on theboard)
2. square(a box, a deslga figure drawn on theboard)
3. flat (a coin, a desktop)
4. full (a pocket,a hand)
5. empty (a pocket,a hand)
6. wet (a streeton a rainy day,a lickedfinger)
7. dry (indoorson a rainy day,an unlickedfinger)
8. dirty (a hand or a pieceof paperrubbedon the floor)
9. clean (a hand or a piece of papernot rubbedon the floor)
10. long (a string, a strip of papcr, someone'shlir)
11, short (a striug,u slrip ofplpcr, somcouc's hair)
12. heary (a desk,a piie ofbooks)
13. light (a pieceof paper, a pen)
14. loud (a knock on a door or desktop, one'sspeakingvoice) "'/
15. soft (a knock on a door or desktop, one\ speakingvoice)
I 6 . quiet (no soundat all in the classroom)

f EXERCISEl6: Makc scntcnccsby usingr.sor sre and an ADJtic-fIVri

from thc following list.
Usc cucl.radicctivconlv onc tirnc.

beauffil y' hot sour

cold important square
dry brgelbig swcct
flat round wet
Jwzny sntal little

1. Fire is hot
2 . Ice and snow

3 . A box

4. Balls and oranges

5. Sugar

'2 ! CHAPTER
I

\,
 An elephant

but a mouse

L A rain forest

but a desert

q A lemon
o A joke

1 0 . Good health

ll. Flowers

12.A coin small, round, and

EXERCISE
l7: Use is, rsz't, are, or aren't.
Completethe sentences.

1. A ball lsn't square.

2. Balls 0f€ round.

' tl
3. A mouse ,Ltra I 6;t.

4. Lemons .?,tl yellow.

Ripe bananas 0t t-L yellowtoo.

5 . I te^on /Ah t sweet.It

6. A diamond cheap.

7 . Diamonds expenslve.

8 . Apples expensive.

9. The earth flat. It round.

1 0 . My pen healry. It light.

This room dark. light.

12. English grammar hard. It easy.

1 3 . This exercise difficult. It easy.

1 4 . My chssmatcs fricndly.

USINGBEANDHAVE I I3
 1 5 . A turtle slorr'.

1 6 . Airplanes slorr'.
'l'hcy
lirst.

17. The floor in the classroom

It dirty.

1 8 . The weather cold today.

1 9 . The sun bright today.

20. Ice creamand candy sour. They

z t . My shoes comfortable.

2 2 . My clcsk comfortablc.

23. lilowcrs ugly.'l'lrcy bcautilirl.

24. ' l ' r ' n l l i cr t r t r s l rl r o t r r r r o i s y .l t

c l ui c t ,

I EXERCISEl8-ORAL: l)o any of thcsc I'ords dcscribcyou?

F,xample
: Hungry?
I?csponse:
I'm hungry. <>tt:I'm not hungry.
1. hungry? 11, angry?
2. thirsty? 12- nervous?
3. sleepy? rJ, !r rLrrurl:

4. tired? 14. lazy?

5. old? 15. hardrvorking?
6. young? 16. famous?
7. happy? 17. sick?
8. homesick? 18. healthy?
9^ married? t9- ftiendly?
10. single? 20. shy?

14 r cHnptrn
t
f EXERCISE
|9-ORAL: Do anv of thesewordsdescribethis citv?
1. big? 6. dirty?
2. smnll? 7. fricndly?
3. old? 8. unfricndly?
4. modern? 9. safe?
-5, clclrn? I (). (liltrgcr(nrs?

f EXERCfSE
20-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Mirkc scrrtcnccs.LIsczs/rsn'l <tran'elaren't.
lixttttplt:Abrll \ rotrncl
Ilaspotua: A ball is lound.
Exanple: Balls\ square
Response: Balls aren't square.
1. A box \ square 17. A turtle \ slow
2. A box \ round 18. Airplanes\ slow
3. The earth\ flat 19. Airplanes\ fast
'l'he
4. carth \ r'oulrd 20. linglish gr:u.nmar\ clil'licult
5. Ilananas\ red 21. Englishgrammar\ ersy
6. Bananas\ yellow 22. This exercise\ hrrd
7. Diamonds \ expensive 23. The weather\ hot today
'I'he
8. Diamonds\ cheap 24. weather\ cold today
9. Apples\ expensive 25. Lemons \ sweet
10. Air \ free 26. Ice cream and candy \ sour
I 1. Cars \ free 27. Traffic \ noisy
12. A pen \ heavy 28. City streets\ quiet
13. A pen \ light 29. Education\ important
. 14. Flowers\ ugly 30. Good food \ important
15. A rose\ beautiful 31. Good food and exercise \ importanr
16. A turde \ fast 32. The studentsin this class\ very intelligent

f EXERCISE
2l-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Name things that the given aDJEclvEscan
describe.
Example: round
'I'liAcllljR:
Name something that is round.
s'l ul)ltN'l': (A ball, an orange, the world, my head, etc.) is round.

l. hot 6. llat ll. bcautilirl

2. squarc 7. litdc 12. expcnsivc
3. sweet 8. important 13. cheap
4. sour 9. cold 14. free
5. large 10. funny 15. delicious

USING
EEANDHAVE T '5
( a ) ,\'laria is here. It (a): lrcre= a location.
(b) Bob rvas at the libra4t- In (b): ar Lhelibrary = a location.
Re is cflcn fctlkrsictJbt a krcution.

Itere. ,\ location ma-sbe one s'ord. as in the er.:mples in (c).

the t'e.
dor.r-'nstqils.
(c) - \ l a r i ai s upstairs.
irtside-
outside.
dolrntorpn-

PREPOSTIION + NOUN A location may be a prepositionalphrase, as in (d).

("t the UbmrY. A preposition+ c noar is called a "prepositional phrase."
Ue Ints- At the library = a prepositional phrase.
lon
(d) Bobwas (m his xtotn.
tuoth.
1",
\next to Mqia.

soMD col\'l11()NPRlil,osrfloNS
aboac between next to
at frotn ot7

belind u? under

a NEXrro

L_fo
ABOVE
A
v
fl a BEHIND

TJ ttl
e\
\ /'1
\r_-/
UNDER
16 r t
cHeprrn
 f EXERCISE22: Complete rhe sentenceswith pREposrrIoNSthat describe the pictures. Use

:3 eachpreposition one time.

abooe y'in on
behind nextto under
between

The cat is il? the desk.

74
-;v L,:/
'l'hc
to I clt is thc dcsl<.
:
lol
t----= tol
t-,-"-

3.

-@
----1 'l'he o6o\<
z
tol
lo

lol
I
cat is the desk.

= L-'-
lo I
L----

uslNGBEANDHAVE a l7
A

=1
1
lol
The cat is
,' . ',. t" i..-:1 the desk.

tot
vt
=1
tol
t----'a
lo I
l---'-=

5.

a
-@
f, $vo desks.

6.

-;4
-4 , . i./i ! ,.,r:6" 6a.1.
lol Thc ctrt is
=j
lol =l
lol
t --=
lol
L-,--

7.

-e, -4 tol
'l'l)c
ci|t is 5t L, *.,+l r'ccrcsk.
tol -
tol
L----'a
lo I
L--'.--

18 r I
cuaprEn
r EXErcFE 23: Find the pREposrrroNs pHRAsEs
and the pnpposrrroNAl- in the following
sentences.

t. Mike is in his apartment.

"+ in = a preposition
> ht his apartntent = a preposirionalphrase

2. Mr. Lee is at the airport.

3. Ali is from Egypt.

4. My book is on my desk.

5 . Bob'spen is in his pocket.

6. The post office is on First Street.

? . The post office is next to the bank.

8 . My feet are under my desktop.

9 . My noseis betweenmy cheeks.

1 0 . My apartment is on the third floor. It is aboveMr. Kwan'sapartment.

24-ORAI
f EXERCISE (BOOKS CLOSED): PracticeusingnnenosmoNsof location.
Example: under
'|EACHER Put your hand under your chair. Where is your hand?
sruDENT: My hand is under my chair. / It's under my chair.
l. on Put your pen on your book. rVhereis your pen?
2. in Put your pen in your book. Where'syour pen?
3. under Put your pen under your book. Where'syour pen?
'Where's
4, next to Put your pen next to your book. your pen?
5. on Put your hand on your ear. Where'syour hand?
6. next to Put your hand next to your ear. rJfhere'syour hand?
7. abwe Put your hand aboveyour head. Where'syour hand?
8. next to Stand next to (. . . ). \fhere are you?
9. between Standbetween(...)and(...). rf7here areyou?
7(1, hctroccrt |tnt your pcn bctwccntwo books. I(rherc'syour pcn?
| | . hahiul I'ut your hirncllrclrinclyour lrcad. !/hcrc's your harrcl?,
12. lirllow thcscclircctions:l)utyourpcn in yourhand.
. . . on your rrm.
. . . bchind your ncck.
, . . betweenyour hands.
. . . under your book.
. . . next to your book.
. . . abovcyour book.

USING
EEANDHAVE T I9
 suBJEC]'+BE+NOUN The noun or pronoun thal comes at thc bcginning of a
sentence is called the "subjecL"
(a) I am a student.

SUBJECT+BE+ADJECTIIE Be is a "verb." Almost all English sentenceshave a subiect

(b) He is intelligent- and a verb.

SUBJECT ,.I BE + A LOCATION

Notice in the exarnples: There are three basic completions
(c) We are in clus-
for sentences that begin u'ith a sz67'ect+ the oerb be:
. a noun, as ir (a)
. an adjective, as n S)
. an expression of location, as in (c)

I 25: Write the form of be (atn, is, or cre,)that is used in eachsentence.Then

EXERCISE
write the srarunarsuucturethat followsbe.

ltE + COMPLETION

1. rJfe'resrudents. ore + Nh noun)

2. Anna is in Rome. is
3. I'm hungry. om
4, Dogs areanimals.

5. Jackis at home.

6. I-{c'ssick.

7. They're artists.

8. I'm in class.

9. Gina is rrpstlirs.

10. My pockes areempty. +

2O r cunprEn
t
_w
-1
1
f EXERCISE
26-ORA[:

suyingthcnr yourscll.
1. Grammar is easy.
Is and are areoften iontractedwith nounsin spokenEnglish.
l . i s t ( . n l ( r y o t r r t c i r t ' l r c l s i r y l l r c c o n l l l c t i o r r s i r r t l r c l ' r r l [ r w i r r 1s.ci r r t r , . : r r crcr sr r d l r n t c t i c c

9. My moneyis in my wallet.
("Grammar's easy.")
10. Mr. Smith is a tiacher,
.
2. Rita is a student.

-J I
11. Tom is at homenow.
3.. My book is on the table.
'fhc
"'l 4. My booksare on tlre lablc.
12. sunis brighttodoy.

I 5. The weatheris cold today.

13. My roommateis from Chicago.

I 6. My brother is twenty-oneyearsold.
14. My roommatesarefrom Chicago.
_J 15. My sisteris a snrdentin high school.
7. The window is open.

8. The windows are open.

QTJESTION S'I'ATEMENT In a question, be comes in front of

dle subiect.
BE + STJBJECT SUBJECT+ A';
,a) Is she a student? She rb a student, Punctuation: A qtestion ends with a
lb) Are thcy lthomc? They are at home. qr.tcstionmark (?).
A statement ends with a period (.).

\\hen people answcr a qucstion, thcy usually give only a "short answcr" (but sometimes they give a "long
ansrver"too). Notice in the short answers below:
After yes, be is not contracted with a pronoun.r
After ro, two contractions of 6e are possible with no differences in meaning.

QUESTION SHoRTANSWER + (LoNG ANSVER)

(c) Is s&e a student? Yes, slre rb. t (She'sa student.)

No, sie's zol. (She'snot a student,)
No, s&e r3z'!. (Sheisn't e student,)

| \t) Are thq, athome? Yes, they cre,* (Thq're at home.)

No, thqy'te not. (They're not at home.)
No, they aren't. (Th4t aren't at home.)

' t\coRREcr: YgJ, i,[e'J.

I\-CORRECT:Yes, t hey're.

USING
EEANDHAVE ' 2I
E EXERCISE27: Make questionsand give short answers.

r. a: Areyoutired?
B: No. I'm not. (I'm not tired.)
2. A:
l:
,l - &S':hCiS- (Anna is irr rrrychss.)

.1.n:
ll: ( I'nr r.rothonrcsick.)

4. A:

ll: ( llob is honrcsick.)

5. A:

ll: (Suc isn't hcrc today.)

6. A:

B: (The studentsin this classare intelligent.)

7. A:
B: (The chairs in *ris room aren't comfortable.)

8. A:
El. (I'm not married.)

9. A:
B: (Tom and I are roommates.)

1 0 .A :

B: (A butterfly is not a bird.)

22a CHAPTER1
 28-ORAL
EXERCISE (BOOKS CLOSED): Ask and answerquestion
I
you . . . ?,,
STUDENT A: Your book is open' Ask a classmatea question. IJse,,Are
sruDENTB: Your book is closed' Answer StudentA's question'
ExamPIe: hungrY
sruDENTA: Cfoko), are You hungrY?
B:
s'lfuDENT Yes,I am- ot: No, I'm not'
1.. hungry Switch roles.
2. sleepy 15. in the back of the rotrm
3. thirsty 16. in tlrc l'ront of thc room
4. mlrricd 17. in class
5. single 18. in bed
6. tired 19. at the librarY
7. homesick 20. at home
8. lazy 21. in (nameof this citY)
9. cold 22. in (nameof another citY)
10. comfortable 23. in Canada
11. a sudent 24. in the United States
12. a teacher 25. from the United States
13. a famous actor 26. from (nameof nunrY)
14. in the middle of the room 27. a student at (nameof school)

a question'
29-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Ask a classmate
1 EXERCISE
STUDENT A: Your book is open. Ask a classmatea question' lJse "Are you ' ' ' ?"
STUDEN'I B: Your book is closed. Answer StudentA's quesdon'
Example: a ball \ round
STUDENT A: (...),isaballround?
sT'oDliNT n: Ycs,it is.
lixtuuplc: a brll \ squarc
STUDENTA: (...),isaballsquare?
STUDENTB: No, it isn't. oR: No' it's not.
Switch roles,
1. a mouse\big 12. your pen \ heaqf
2. sugar\ sweet 13. apples\ expensive
3. lemons\ sweet 14. diamonds\ cheaP
4. ice creamand candY\ sour 15. English grammar \ easy
5. the world \ flat 16. the floor in this room \ clean
6. the world \ round 17. butterflies\ beautiful
7. your desk\ comfortable 18. turtles \ intelligent
8. your shoes\ comfortable 19. your dictionary \ under your desk
9. your eyes\ brorvn 20. your books\ on Your desk
10. the sun \ bright todaY 21. your desk\ in the middle of the room
1 1. the weather\ cold todaY 22. your pen \ in Your Pocket

uslNc BEANDHAVE . 23
 IZlrere asksabout locadon. llhere comesat the beginning of the question, in front of be.

QUESTION sHoRT ANSWER+ (LONG ANSWR)

BE + SUBJECT
(a) ls the booh on the table? - Yes' rl rb. (fhe book is on tlE t4bb.)
(b) Are the boohs on the table? - Yes, the! are. (The boohsare on the t4blc.)

WHERE+BE+SUBJECT
(c) Where ts the booh? -'+ On the trble. (The booh is ort tlte able.)

(d) Where are the boohs? "+ On the teble. (Ihe books ate on,hc tabk.)

! EXERCISE
30: Make questions.
1. A: lsKoteat home?
B : Yes,she is. (I(ate is at home.)

2. A:. WhereisKote?
B: At home. (Kate is at home.)

3, A:
B: Yes,it is. (Cairois in Egypt.)

4. A:
B: In Egypt. (Cairois in Egypt.)

). A:
B: Yes,they are. (The studentsarein classtoday.)
6. A:
B : In class. ffhe studentsarein classtoday.)

7. A:
B: On Main Street. (The post office is on Main Sueet.)
8. A:
B: Yes,it is. (lhe train stationis on Grand Avenue.)

9. A:
B: Over tlere. (The bus stop is over there.)

10. A:
B: At the zoo. (Sueand Ken are at the zoo today.)

24t CHAPTERI
 r 3I-ORAL
EXERCfSE (BOOKSCLOSED): Ask a classmatea question. Useushere.
I Example: your pen
sruDEN'rA: rVhereis your pen?
sruDENT B: (fru resPonse)
1 . y o u rg r a m m abro o k 6. (...)and(...) lO. your parents
2. your dictionary 7. your sunglasses 11. the post office
3. your money 8. your pen 12. (the namesof plaNesin this city:
4. your books 9. your apartment a store,lnndmark, restaurant,
s. (...) etc.)

I EXERCISE
32-OML: Ask and answerquestionsusing toftere and the map bf North America.
Example: rVashington,D.C.
sruDENTA: rWhere'srffashington, D.C.?
sruDENTB: (Pointingat themdp, It's here.
Suggestions:
l. New York City
2. Los Angeles
3. Montreal
4. Miami
5. Toronto
D. C. c
5. \)flashington,
7. the GreatLakes
8. the Rocky Mountains
9. the MississippiRiver
t 0. MexicoCity
s/ln
u^ fil
^A^^i

I ffi
,rAflal
I
f/

z--'--.-
l/.--"-.....

t+-
uslNc BEANDHAVE r 25
 SINGUI-AR I'LURAL .tl
I
!o,
\ + hoo"
(a) f hante apen. (f) We haae pcns. wel
(b) You hante apen. (g) You haae pens. they l
(c) SIze lzcs apen. (h) They haoe pcns.
(d) He &as a pen. slrc )
(e) It has blue ink. +nas
:: J

f 33: Completethe sentences.Usehatseand&cs.

EXERCISE

l. We have grammarbooks.

2. 1 a dictionary.

3. Kate a blue pen. She a blue notebook too.

4. You a pen in your pocket.

5. llob a notcbookou his dcsk.

6. Anna and Bob notebooks.They penstoo.

7. Sarnir is a studentin our class.He a red grammar book.

8. I a grammarbook. It a red cover.

9. You and I are students. \we bookson our desks.

10. Mike a wallet in his pocket. Sara a wallct

in her purse.

l l . Nadia isn't in cl:rsstoday bccauscsl.tc thc flu.

7 2 . Mr. and Mrs. Johnson two daughters.

26 r cunpren
r
 SUBJES|FORM POSSESSTVE
FORM
SINGI.'LAR PLURAL
J"tmt
you tolf
(a) I havea book. (e) We havebooks. -
shc hei
ily book is rcd. Orrbooks are red.
he-hk
lte - out
(b) You havea book. (f) You havebooks.
the! *eir
Yozr book is red. Your books are red.
a book. = I luue a book. = It is zry book.
I possess
(c) Shehasabook. (e) They havebooks.
IIer book is red. Tfteri books are red.
My, our, her, his, our, and /lali are called
"possessiveadjectives." They come in front of
(d) He hasa book.
nouns.
IIrb book is red.

34:
f EXERCISE Userny, your, his, her, our, or their.
Completethe sentences.
tco,
1. I havea pen. My pen is blue.

2 . You have a pen. pen is black.

Kate has a pen. pen is green.

^ Jim hasa pen. pen is yellow.

Sara and I have oens. pensare gray.

6. Saraand you havepens. pens are red.

7. Sam and Kate havepens. pens are orange.

8 . I havea sister. sisteris twenry-oneyears old.

9. Ann hasa car. car is a Ford.

1 0 . You havea pen. pen is a ballpoint.

ll
Jim and you havemustaches. musuches are dark.
1t Ann and Alex havea baby. baby is eight months old.

Alice and I havenotebooks. notebooksare green.

t4. Ann hasa brother. brother is in high school.

1 5 . Ken has a coat. coatis brown.

lo. rf(/ehave a dog. dog is gray and rvhite.

USINGat n ND HAvt: 1 27
 !f EXERCfSE35: Complete the sentences- Usehanse or has. Use tny, you4 her, his, our, or
theit.

1.r hove a booL My bookis intcrcsting.

2. Bob a bookbag. bookbag is green.

-..
3. You a raincoat. raincoat is brorvn.

4. Kate a ralncoat. raincoatis red.

5. Ann and Jim are married. They a baby.

baby is six months old.

6. Ken and Sue a daughter. daughter is ten

yc:rrsold.

7. JolrrrurrdI ll son. son is scvcrtycirrsoltl.

8. I a brother. brothcr is sixtecn.

9. Vc grammar [rooks. grammnr books urc rcd,

10.'lbmundyou bookbags. bookbags drc grccn.

11, Ann a dictionary. dictionary is red.

12. Mike a car. car is bluc.

I EXERCISE36: Complete the sentenceswith rny, your, he4 his, our, or their.

1. Rita is wearinga blouse. blouse is light blue.

2, Tom is wearing a shirt. shirt is yellow and brown.

3. I am wearingieans. jeansareblue.

4. Bob and Tom are wearing boots. boots are brorvn,

5. Sueand you arewearing dresses. dressesare red.

6. Ann and I are wearing sweaters. sweatersare green.

7. You arewearingshoes. shoesare dark brown.

8. Sueis wearinga skirt. skirt is black.

9. John is wearinga belt. belt is white.

28 r crnpren
r

\
 10. Sueand Ann arc wearingslacks. slacksare dark gray.

11. Tom is wearingslacks. slacksare dark blue.

12. I am wearingearrings. earringsaregold.

VOCABULARY CHECKLIST

COLORS CLOTHES IEWELRY

black belt bracelet
blue, dark blue, light blue blouse earrings
blue green boots necklace
brown, dark brown, light brown coat ring
gray, dark gray, light gray dress watch/wristwatch
green,dark green,light green gloves
orange hat
pink jacket
purple teans
red pan$
tan, beige sandals
white shirt
yellorv shoes
gold skirt
silver slacks
suit
sweater
tie, necktie
T:shirt

E EXERCISE37-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Name some of the colors and then some of the
articlesof clothing and jewelry in the room. Then describean article of clothing/iewelry
and its color, using this pattern:
possessiae
adjectioe + noun + islate + color
Examples:
TEAcHER:Look at Ali. Tell me about his shirt. What coloris his shirt?
sruDENT: His shirt is blue.
'l ri^cln {.: Look rt llosa. \,)flltatis this?
sruDENT: A sweater.
lfnAcr{nR:Tell me abor-rther sweater.\(rhat color is it?
s l tl)tiN't: I Icr srvculcris rcd,
' iA(:t it{: | ,ook trt nrc. Vhlt ilr.|]I louclring?
s't ul)tiN t: Ycrurslrocs.
'niAcr rll{: 'ltll
mc about thc color.
s'ful)EN't': Your shoes are brorvn.

USINOtJt nND ftAVE . 29

 (a) I havea bookin myhand.Thrsboofrisred. t&rsbook = the book is near me.
(b) I seea bookon yourdesk.Thct booh isblue r/rarbook = the book is not near me.

( c ) '/lrs is nrybook.
(d) il'rratis yourbook.

(e) Tftcl's her book. CoNTRACTION: tlut is = that's

_rc
\V/ IB3^--._
:ffi
THAT BOOK
-F-l l'

e EXERCISE38-ORAL (BOOKSCLOSED): Use fla.s and that. Touch and point to things
in the classroom
Iixurttplc: book
'fhis 'fhat
I?esponse: is my book. is your book.
1. book 5. dictionary 9. pencil
2. pen 6. bookbag 10. pencil sharpener
3. notebook /. coat 1 1. watch
8. hat 12- nose

E EXERCISE39-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Use tlrrs and that. Touch and point to things
in the classroom.
ExamPle:red \ yellow
This (book) is red. That (shirt) is yello*'.
Response:
7. red \ pink
2. red \ green 8. dark blue \ light blue
3. red \ yellow 9. black \ gray
4. blue \ black 10. gold \ silver
5. white \ black I 1. dark brorvn \ tan
6. orange\ green 1t nrrrnlp \ rad

3o s cuaprent
 SNGUINR PLURAL
(a) My books are on my desk. Tlese are my books. th;s these
(b) Your booksare on your desk. ?7rose are your books. th4t those

t! EXERCISE40: Complete the sentences. Use the words in parentheses.

'I'hosc)
l. (t'ltis, 'l'trcsd TheSe booksbclong to me. ('I'lnr,

That book belongs to Kate.

2. (This, These) coatis black. (That Those)

coaB aretan.

3. (Thi"s,These) earrings are gold. (That, Those)

earringsaresilver.

4. ('this,T'hesc) pencil belongsto Alcx. (That,'l'hbsa)

pencil belongs to Alice.

5. (this,These) sunglassesbelong to mg (That, Those)

belong to you.
sunglasses

6. (This, These) exerciseis easy. (That, Those)

exercisesare hard.

7. Students are sining at (this, these) desks,but (/ul, tlose,)

desksare empty.

8. (7:his,These) book is on my desk. (That, Those)

books are on your desk.

E EXERCISE4l-ORAt (BOOKS CLOSED): Use t&ese and tlrose. 'Touchand pointto

things in the classroom.
Examplc: books
Response:These are my books. Those are your books.
1. books 5. ieans
2. pens 6. things
3. shoes 7. glasses/sunglasses
4. carrings 8. notcbrtoks

USING
EFANDHAVE I 3I
 'lirttclr
l/rcsc, or l/rosc' rttrtl
I 42_ORAL (BOOKSCLOSED): lJsc
EXERCISE tltis,that'
point to things in thc classroom'

ExamPle: book
llcsPortsc:This is mY book' That is Your book
ExamPlc: books 'fhosc arc
llcsPonsc:Thcsc arc nrY books' Your books.

1. book 6. coats
2. books 7. shoes
3. dictionarY 8. wallet
4. pens 9. purse
5. pen 10. glasses

-' It's a pen' Wr?atasksabout things.

(a) I{tict rs this (thing)?
lIl&o asksabout PeoPle.
(b) U/rro ts that (man)? - That's Mr' Lee'
Nore: In questions with u;hat and usho'
') They're pens' . rs is followedby a singularrvord'
(c) What are those(things)?
. cre is followed bY a Plural rtord'
(d) Who arc thev? t They're Mr' and Mrs' Lee'

CONTRACTIONS
(e) lYTrat'sthis?
who is = who's
( f ) lI{ho's ttrat man?
what is = wlnt's

@re'
43: Completethe questionswith u"' 4t or u)ho andis or
I EXERCISE
l. A: Who is thatwoman?
B : She'smy sister.Her nameis SonYa'
z. A: those things?
B : They're ballPointPens.
2 A. that?
B: That's Ms. rWalenski.

4. A: uns /
B : That's mY new notebook.
thel'?
f. A: Look at those people over there' ----------------
B : i;;;; *t., dot f think they're new snrdents fromThailand'

32! CHAPTERI
 6. A: your name?
B: Anita.

7. A: your grammar teacher?

B: Mr. Cook.

8. A: your favorite teachers?

IJ: Mr. Cook and Ms. Rosenberg.

9. A: a rabbit?
B: It's a smallfurry animal rvith big ears.

10.A: bats?
B: They're animalsthat can fly. They're not birds.

E EXERCISE45-ORAL: Thlk about things and people in the classroom. Ask your classmates
the given questions.
Exanple: Vhat's this?
sruDENTA: Vhat's this?(pointingat hisllrcrgrannnarbooh)
sruDENTB: It's your grammar book.
Example: Vho\ that?
s lttf)fiNl'A: \flho's that?(itnlicLrtitt!
u classnutc)
'l'hut's
s fuDliN'ru: lvan.
1. 'What'sthis?
2. Vhat's that?
3. \{rho's this?
4. rJ?ho'sthat?
5. What arethose?
6. rJfhatare these?

USINGEEANDHAVE ' 33
H EXERCISE46: Study the names of the parts of the body in PictureA. Then cover Picture A
and write in the names of the bodv parts in Picture B.

I -ft.-/
1..
t\-
[, t l"u)

PictureA B
Picture

E EXERCISE47-ORAL (BOOKSCLOSED): Use rftds,that, these,andthose.

ExamPIe: hand
TEAcHER: Vhat is this? (The teacherindicatesher or his hand..)
sruDENT: That is vour hand.
OR
TEAcHER: \What is that? (The teacherindicatcsa skdent's Innd.)
s'ruDDNT: This is mv hand.

1. nose 6. knee
2. eyes 7. foot
3. arm 8. shoulder
4. elborv 9. fingers
5. legs 10. ears

34 r cnnpren
t
tr EXERCISE48-ORAL: Ask a classmate questionsaboutthe picture. tlse What's this?
What's that? What are these? What are those? and any other questionsyou want
to ask.
Examflz:
SIuDENT A: rfirhat's this? (pointing at the tru)
sruDENT B: That's a tree.
STUDENTA: What are those? (pointing at the horses)
STIJDENTB: Those are horses.
Etc.

o'
/4t\

4^g

USINGEEAND HAVE I 35
f EXERCfSE49: Draw a picture and then answer a classmate'squestion about ir. lJse What's
this? What's that? What ore these? What are those? and anv other ouestions
you want to ask.
Suggestionsfor thepicture you draw:
1. this classroom
2. someof the peoplein this classroom
3. your family
4.. your room / apartrnent/ house
5. a sceneat a zoo
6. an outdoor scene

f EXERCISE
50-REVIEW: tindcrlinc rhc NouNs,^llJlxl'tvtis,t,noNorJNs,
t'osslissrvli
lnd pltDtosLtLoNAl_
ADJlic',llVliS, ptlRAsDs.
PIRI l: Find the NoUNSand apJec-rn'rs.
noun adj.
1. Balls are round.

2. Flowersare beauriful.

3. Birds havewings.

4. Batsaren't birds.

5. Batsaren't blind.

PARTII: Find thc pRoNouNSand PossltsslvlrAt)Jtjc'r'rvlls.

6. Batshave*i.sr, b,i,tff;Jt;ren'tbirds.eoo .,r€',i#';ings to fly.

7. I havc a grammar book. It's rcd. A.ly dictionary is rctl ttxr.

8. My book is rcd, and your book is rcd too-

9. An eggisn't square. It's oval.

10. Tina has three sons. She is at home today. They are at school. Her sonsare good

students.

36 r csepiEn
r
f EXERCfSE49: Draw a picture and then anslver a classmate'squestion about it. LJseWhat's
this? What's that? What are these? What are those? and any other questions
you want to ask.
Suggestionsfor thepicture you draw:
1, this classroom
2. someof the peoplein this classroom
3. your family
4. your room / apartment/ house
5. a sceneat a zoo
6. an outdoor scene

r EXERCISE
50-REVIEW: I-Indcrlincthc h-ouNs,Al)llic'l'lvlist
luoNorrNSt
t,ossl+isrvri
tnd pl iposll'loN^l- I'l IR sljs.
ADJliC',llvljs,
PIRI.I: Find the NorrNs and aopc-rrvcs.
noun adj.
1. Balls are round.

2. Flowersare beautiful.

3. Birds havewings.

4. Batsaren't birds.

5. Batsaren'tblind.

and possEssrvuADjljc'l.rvr.:s.
PARTII: Find thc PRoNoUNS
pronoun poss.adj.
6. Batshavewings, but @ aren't birds. Bats use tlgit wings to fly.

7. I havca grammarbook. It's rcd. 1ily dictionaryis rcd too.

8. My book is rcd, and your book is rcd roo.

9. An egg isn't square. It's oval.

10. Tina has three sons. She is at home today. They are at school. Her sons are good

students.

36 r cuRpten
r
 pHRAsEs.
PART AI: Find the pREposrrroNAl-
l'r.'!'' l'ltr'
I I . | ,ihyuis irr Ali'icu.

12. Po is from Beiiing.

13. My booksare on my desk.

14. I'm at school.

15. My middle finger is betweenmy index finger and my ring finger.

THUMB
INDEX
FINGER

MIDDLE
FINGER

RING
FINGER
LITTLE
FINGER

I EXERCISESI-REVIEW: Correctthe mistakesin the sentences.

are
l. Ve -is-students.

2. I no hungry.

3. I am student. He is teacher.

4. Yoko not here. She at school.

5. I'm from Mexico. S/here you are from?

6. Roberto he is a studentin your class?

7. Those pictures are beautifuls.

8. This is you dictionary. It not my dictionary.

USING
EFAND
HAVET 37
 9. Mr. Lee havea bronn coat.

10. They are n't heretoday.

11. This booksare expensive.

12. Cuba is a island.

i3. Floridaand Korcais peninsula.

E EXERCISES2-REVIEW: (,}r1r,'-,;l]y: c()rt.:c-tcr)mDlcti.)n.

lzr.qmplz.'.

Tncse I =:rpensi-;e-
^\. brr.lki; B. bocrkia,re C- br.rriksii

1. Ann - a grammarbook.
A. havc B. is C. has

2. This floor -.
A. dirty is B. dirty C. is dirty

3. - yellow.
A. A bananaare B. A bananais C- Bananasis

4. Bob: -is your apar$nent?

Ann: lt's on ForestStreet.
A. rfflhat B. ri7hcre C. Nfho

5. Mike is - engineer.
A.a B. an C. on

6. Give this to Ann. It is - dictionary.

A. she B. an C. her

7. Yoko: - these?
Gina: My artbooks. I'm takingan art history coursethis semester.
A. Vhat is B. lVho are C. What are

8. Tbm: Are you hungry?

Sze.'Yes,-.
A. I'm B. I'm not C. Iun

9. - booksarereallyexpensive.
A. Those B. They C- This

38t CHAPTERI
 10. fina: - that?
.Iirn; That's Paul Carter.
A. Vho's B. Vhat's C. \Where's

11. That is
A. a mistakes B. mistakes C. a mistake
: '
12. Paul: - in your class?
i}.rc: No.
'
4. Mr. Idm B. Is IvIr. Iijm C. Mr. Kim is he

f EXERCISE
S3-REVIEW: Cunplctc thc scntcnccs s'ith an, is', or are. (Jsc zo! if ncccssary.

L Lcmons vegetables.

2. A lcnron u kind o[ fruit.

3. I from the United Sutes.

4. Vc human bcings-

5. Eggs oval.

6. Chickens birds, bur bats birds.

7. Salt sweet. Sugar sweet.

8. Soccer a sport.

9. Soccerand basketball sports.

10. Africa a countrl'. It a continent.

I EXERCISE
S4-REVIEW: Conr;'rlclc
lhc scnrL-nccs.

l. A,: Afe you a studenrar this school?

B: Yes,

A: Vhere you frorn?

B:I Korea-

2. A: Vhere 1'ourbook?
B: Yoko ir.
A: Where 1'ournotebooks?
ll: Ali lrrd ll,obcrto m1' notebooks.

USING8EAND HAVE I 39
 3 . A: this?

B: Ir picture of my famill'.

A: this?

B: That's father.

A: they?
B : My brother and sister.

4. A: Are you a

B: No, not. I'm a

5 . A: Are expensive?

B: Yes,

A: Is expensive?

B: No,

6. A: What's )
B: I don't know. Ask someoneelse.

A: \$fhat's

B: It's

7. A: an animal?
B: Yes.
A: animals?
B: Yes,

A: an insect?
B: No, it's not. It's an animal too.

8. A: countries
in Asia?
B: Yes,they are,

A: a country in South America?

B : Yes,it is.

A: a countryin Africa?

B: No, it's not. It's a country in

40 r cunr,||r{
|
 9. A: rJ?here

B: He's

A: Where

B: They're

10. A: a turfle?
B: Just a minute. Let me look in my dictionary. Okay. A turtle is a reptile.

A: a reptile?

B: an animalthat has cold blood.

snakesreptilestoo?

B: Yes. reptilestoo.

I SS-REVIEW: Vork in pairs.

EXERCISE
sruDENTA: Give directions.Your book is open.
sruDENTB: Drarv rvharStudentA tellsyou to draw. Your book is closed.
1. Draw a ball on a box.
2. Draw a ball abovea box.
3. Draw a ball next to a box.
4. Draw a ball under a box.
5. Draw a ball in a box.
6. Dralv a bananabem'eentwo apples.
7. Draw a squareabovea circle.
8. Draw a llorver. Drarva trec next to thc flower. Draw a bird abovethe trcc. Draw a
turde under lhe flo*er.
,\tttitdt rolr.
9. I)raw a circlc ncxt to a triangle.
10. Drarv a circle in a tiangle.
11 Dralv a circle abovea triangle.
12. Drarv a triangle benveentwo circlcs.
13. I)rarv a circlc undcr a trianglc.
l,l. | )r'lrv itn irlryrlcorr ir lritrrarrl, l)raw rrrrlrpplc atxrvc it banlnt.
1 5 . l ) r ' i r w : r t l c s . l ) r i r wi t l ) c r s o nr r c x (l o l l ) c l t ' c c . l ) r i l w l h c s t r r ti r b o v ct h c t r c c .
l(r. l)rarv a cloud. l)rurv a bird under tlrc cloud. Draw a bird abovc thc cloud. Draw a
bird in the cloud.

EEANDHAVE f
USING 4I
 E EXERCISE
56-REVIEW: rVork in pairs.
STUDENTA: Give directions. IJse the given prepostlions.
STUDENTB: perform the action_
Example: in
STUDENTA: put your pen in
1,our pocket.
sruDENT B: (Student B pu* herlhi pen
in herlhis pocket.)
Stoitch roles.
f. in
2. on 9- between
3. above lO. behind
4. under 11. above
5. between 12- on
6. next to 13_ next to
7. behind 14. under

E EXERCISE
S7-REVIEW: Completer}re senrences
in this compositionby Carlos.
( I) My nrnrc /S Carlos. / om orr /rm from Mexico.
(2) a studenl twenty yearsold.
(3) My family livesin Mexico Cirv.
father
(4) businessman. fifty-one yearsold. mother
(s) a housesife. forty-nine years old.
(6) r t\yo sistersand one brother. The namesof my
sisters
(7) Rosa and Patricia. Rosa
a tcaclrcr.
(8) twenty-eight years old. patricia
a student.
(e) eighteen 1-earsold. Thc namc of
bnrtlrcr
(10) Itcdro. an cnginccr. FIc is marricd. Ilr;
(11) two children.
(12) I livc ir, a clornrirory.
a tall br.rilding.
(13) Pine Street. My address
3225 Pine St. I live with my roommate.
(r4) name is Bob- from Chicago.
(1s) runeteen-vearsold.
(16) I like my classes. interesting. I like
(17) classmares. friendly.

42 r cHnpren
r

t
f EXERCISES8-REVIEW: rJ(rrilcu conrposition by complcting thc scntcnccs. ([Jsc yrttr own
Pol)cr'.)N(rt1t: A scnlcrrcchcgirrswillr u cirPital|tittcr(rrhig lcllcr')lrtd u ttcnlcncc
cndswithupcriod(.)*

My name-. I- from -, - a student.

yearsold.

. My family livesin -----------. --- father- yearsold. -

mother- yearsold.

I have- sister(s)and- brother(s).The name(s)of my sister(s)

is a/an -. - years old. Mrite abouteachsisten)

The name(s) of my brother(s) - is a - - years

old. (Wite about eachbrother.)

I live in (a dormitory, a house,an apanment)-. My address-. I live

with - name(s)-.

I like - classes.- are- and-. I like

classmates.They _.

*In British English, a period is callcd a "full stop."

BFANDHAVE A
USTNG 43