THE SAME (AS) SIMILAR (TO) DFFERENT (FROM)

A and B are the sane. C and D are sr'znrlsr. E and F are different.
A is the satne as B. C is sitnilar to D. E is difJerentlrotnF.

E EXERCISEl-ORAL: Vhich of the Dicturesare the same.similar. or different?

1. Are PicturesA and B the same?

2. Are PicturesA and C the same?
3. Are PicturesA and C similar?
4. Are PicturesA and C different?
5. Are PicturesC and D similar?
6. Are PicturesC and D different?

M A . . \. 3 C O M P A P . S O N S
A 379
f EXERCfSE2: Complete the sentences. Use the sanne (as), sitnilar (to), and diffetent
(from) in yo:urcompletions.

A ABCDEFG

r. A is the someos F.
2. DandE ore similqr oR.' ore different*
3.C D.
4. ll D.

5. BandD

6. CandD

7. AandF

8. Fand G

9.F G.

10. G A and F, but

C.

3-ERROR ANALYSIS: Find and conect the mistakes.

E EXERCISE

1. A rectangleis similar a square.

2. Pabloand Rita come from samecounty.

3. Girls and boys are differents. Girls are different to boys.

4, My cousin is the sameagewith my brother.

5. Dogs are similar with wolves.

6. Jim and I startedto speakat sametime.

*.Sitt ikr givesrhe idea that two things are the samein someways (e,g.,borh D and E havefour edges)but
different in odrer wals (e.9., D is a rectangle and E is s square).

380 t cHAPTERq
 4: Answerthe ouestions.
f EXERCISE

X5

X
l . Which ol'thc ligurcs are thc samc?

2 . ls thcrc ut lcirst()nc ligLllc tlrrt is tlilltrcnt liom all lhc rcst?

3 . Lltlv nr:tny triangles arc thcrc in ligure 1? (unswcr:Sez.:en.)

I Iow nrany tlirr.rglcsrrc tlrcrc in ligurc 2?

5 . How many triangles are there in figure 6?

I EXERCfSE5-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Practiceusing the sarne (as), similat (to), and
different (-frorn).

ExaDtple:Look at (... )'s clothesand (... )'s clothes.Vhar is differentaboutthe

clothesthey are rvearingtoday?
Response:Their shoesare different. Mr. Lopez is wearingrunning shoes,and Mr, Gow
is wearingsandals.

1. Look aroundtltc room. Naurcthiltgslhat arcthc s:tmc.

2. Look around the room. Name things that aresimilarbut not the same.
3. Find two pensthat are the samelength. Find two piecesof paperthat arethe same
size. Find two notebooksthat are ditlcrent sizcs.
4. Find two peoplein the classwho are rvearing(earrings).Are their (earrings)the
same,similar, or different?
5. Vlro in thc classhast (notcbook,bricfcase, bookbag)thutis similarto yours? Docs
anyonehavea (notebook,briefcase,bookbag)that is the sameas yours?
6. Do any of the people in this room havethe samehairsq'le?Name two peoplewho
'
havesimilar hairsryles.
7. Whoscshirt is thc samecolorasyourstoday?Namesomethingsin thisroom that
are the samecolor. Name things that aresimilarcolors.
8. Do any of the peoplein this room come from the samecountry? Who? Name two
peoplervho come from different countries.
9. Nanre an animal that is similar to a tiger. Name a bird that is similarto a duck.
10. Are Egypt and Italy on ttre samecontinenr?Egypt and Algeria? Thailand and
Korea? Mexico and Brazil?

MAKNG COMPARISONS
T 38 '
 You have a ballpoint pen rvith blue ink. Ekd = sitnilar to
I have a ballpoint pen with blue ink. aHhe = sinilar
Like and alihe have the same rheaning, but the
( a) Your pen r's Ehe my pen. sentence patterDs are different:
(b) Your pen and my pen are alike. This+ be+ lih-e + that.
(c) Our pens ore aliAe. This and that + be + slike.

E EXERCfSE6: Comoletethe sentenceswirh lihe and alihe.

1 . You and I havcsimilarbooks. In other words, your book is /ike

mine. Our books are Olike

Mr. Changand I havesimilar coats. In other s'ords, Mr. Chang'scoat is

mine. Our coats are

J. Ken and Sue have similar cars. In other words, their cars are

4 . You and I havesimilarhats. In other words, your hat is mlne.

5. A town is a crty ln some rvaJ's.

6 . A foot and a hand are in some rvays,but different in other ways.-

7 . A dormitory and an apartment building are ln many ways.

8 . A motorcyleis a bicycle in some ways.

I EXERCISE7-ORAL: Make sentenceswith lihe. Compare the things in Column A with the
things in Column B. Discuss how the two things you .re comparing are similar.

Example: A pencilis like a pen in someways. They are both writing instruments.

COLUMN A COLUMNB
an alley a glass
a bus a human hand
a busl't a lemon
a cup a chair
a hill a mountain
honey an ocean
a monkey'shand y' a pen
an orange a sueet
y' a pcncil sugar
a sca a suit coat
a sofa a taxi
a sports jacket a tree

382 t cHApTEt?
9
F
-l
Mary is 25 yearsold.
\i(/hen we use adiectives (e.g., o/d important) to
I John is 20 yearsgkl compare two people or two things, rhe adjectives
I ( a ) Mart is otdetftha4l! dnn. have special forms:

I (b) Health is tnot'e irnltortantlthan

'-l
lnoney.
In (a): we add -er to an adiective, oe
In (b): we use rnore in front of an adjective.

J
I (c) INcoRREcr: Mary is more old than John.
The use of -er or rzore is called the coMPARATwE
FORM,
(d) INcolaRlic-f-: Hcalth is importarter than
mone!. Notice in the examples: @follolts t}re compar-
ative form: oldet than, more intporant thon,

ADJECTIVE coMPARA'l'lVE Add -€r to one-syllableadiectives.

ADIEC|IVES ',l(/rfH old oldet'
- €R, ONE SYLTABLE ches?
bie
cheaPer
bigger
Spelling note: if an adjectiveends in
one vowel and one consonant' dou-
ble the consonant: big:-biggeL
faa-fatter, th;n-thinnq hot-hotter

ADJECTIVES THAT pretu lttettier If an adjective ends L'r-r, change

END IN -Y lunny funnier the -y to d and add -er.

ADJECTIVF.SWITH farnous tnotelatnous Use zn ore in front of adjectives that

TWO OR MORB itnportant rnoreirnportqnt have two or more s1'llables(except
SYTI,ABLES
interesting tnoreinteresting adiectives that end in -y).

IRREGUT.AR good better The comparative forms of good

COMPARATTVE bad a)orse bad and/cr are irregular.
FORMS jar farther lJurther

E EXERCISE8: Write the comparative forms for the following ADJEc'l'lvES'

olcl older thon 9. swcct

small 10. expenstve

trig l l. hot

ilnl)orI rtl 1 2 . chcltp

qrsy 1 3 . grxrrl

diflicult 14. bad

long 15. far

heavy 16. lazy

MAKINGCOMP;IISONST 383
 I EXERCISE9: Completerhe sentences.Use the cout'arrAl'rvt form of thc words in italics.

l. comJortable This chair is that chair.

2. Iarge Your apartmentis mlne.

3. usann It's today ]€sterday.

4. dark Tom's mustache is Don's.

5. important Love is money.

6. lazy I'm mv roommate.

7. tall My brother is I am.*

8. heauy Iron is wood.

9. dil[icuh My physicscourscis mY math coursc.

lO. good Nadia'sEnglishis her husband's.

ll. long The Nile River is the trlississippi.

12. intelligent A dog is a chicken.

13. good My wife's cooking is mrne.

14. bad My cookingis my wife's.
15. short My littlc fingcr is my middlc fingcr.

16. pretty This dressis that one.

17. lar Y()ur apartmcnt is fropr school

mtnc.

1 8 . stronu A lrolsc is al pcl's()n,

1() u tly Itcn's lrlil is _,_-___-_

._--- nllnc.

20. bcautilttl A rosc is l rvcccl.

*Formal wrinen Engllsh:.M! brotlvr is taller tlor I (an).

Informal spokenEnglish My hrotheri ttrllcrthanuc.

l,It 384 t CHAPTER9

F
l
! EXERCISEI l-oRAL: Comparethe following. use the eoJecrnEin parentheses.
IJse
,|aote or -er.

Example: A mouse is smallerthan an elephant.

1. a mouse 5. biology 9. this book

an elephant chemistry that onc
(snall) (intercsting) (good)

2. nry old slrocs 6. I 10. thc rvcathcrlrcrc

my ncw slrocs my brotltcr thc tvcathcrin my lromctown
(corttfortublc) (tltitl ftad)

3. your hair 7. my hair l|. this chaprcr

my hair hcr hair Chaptcr 8
kktrh) (ctu'l!) (c<tsy)

4. my arm 8. her hair 12. Japanesegrammar

your arm his hair Englishgrammar
Qond (straisht) (iliflicutt)

E EXERCISE I2-ORAL (BOOKS CTOSED): Practice comparative forms.

A. Put severaldifferent books in a central place, Compare one to another,using the
given adjectives.

Example: big
Response:This book is bigger than rhat book/that one.

1. large 5. difficult 9. expensive

2. interesting 6. easy 10. cheap
3. small 7. good I 1. thick
4. heavy 8. bad 12. important

B. The following adiectivesdescribe a man named Bob. A man namedJackdoes not

have the same qualities. Draw pictures of Bob and Jack on the board. Compare
Bob to Jack.

Example: tall
Response:Bob is taller thanJack.

1. tall 5. young 9. friendly*

2. strong 6. happy 10. responsible
3. lazy 7. kind 11. famous
4. intelligent 8. generous 12. busy

aThe comparative oflrr'"rdtJ has n!.o possiblc forms:

lriendlbr tlut or norcficndl! than.

386 t cHAPTERe
I EXERCISE13: Complete the sentences.Use the coupenerrve form of the words in the list
(or your own words).

bis eas! imPortant

bright expensiae intelligent
cheap fast large
cold hish small
comJortable hot sweet

1 . An elephantis a mouse.

2 . A lemon is sour. An orangeis a lemon.

'l'hc
wcltlrcr totlay is it rvas ycstcrday.

A diamond costsa lot of money. A diamond is

a ruby.

5 . I can afford a radio, but not a TV set. A radio is

a TV set.

6 . An lirplanc rnovcstluickly. An airpllnc is an automobilc.

7 . A lake is an ocean.

8 . A personcan think logically. A personis an animal.

9 . Hills are low. Mountainsare hills.

1 0 . The sun givesoff a lot of light. The sun is the moon.

1 1 . Texasis a large state,but Alaskais

Texas.

1 2 . Somctimesmy feet hurt when I wear '

high hccls. llcclroomslippcrsarc

shoeswith high heels.

I J. Arithmetic isn't difficult. Arithmetic is

algebra.

14. Good healthis money.

MAKINGCOMPARISONStr 387
 r EXERCISEI4-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Comparethe following.

Example: an elephant to a mouse

Response:An elephant is bigger than a mouse / more intelligent than a mouse) etc.

1. an orange to a lemon 12. bedroom slippers to high heels

2. a lake to an ocean 13. a child to an adult
3. good health to monev 14. a horse to a pe$on
4. a radio to a:fV set 15. the Nile River to the Mississippi River
5. an airplane to an automobile 16. your littlc finger to your ring finger
6. (Alaska) to (TLxas) 17. love to money
7. a person to an animal 18. your hair to ( . . . )'s hair
8. the sun to the moon 19. food in (your country) to
9. a mountain to a hill food in (anotlrcrcountry)
10. arithmetic to algebra 20. the weather today to the
1 1. a diamond to a ruby weather yesterday

I |S-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Make sentenccs

EXERCISE by using-erlnrore rvithrhese
ADJECTIVES.

Example: large
Response:Canadais larger than Mexico. / My feet are largerthan yours./ etc.

1. tall 1 1. small
2. important 12. intelligent
3. cold 13. big
4. curly 14. heavy
5. expensive 15. cheap
6. long 16. sweet
7. easy 17. high
8. comfortable 18. interesting
9. old 19. good
10. strong 20. bad

f EXERCISEl6: rVrite a sentenceb1'using -erlnr.ore with an noJrctlvE in the list in Exercise

15 above. Tear the sentence into pieces,with one word or phrase on eachpiece. Give
thc picccsto l classmatcrvho rvill rcasscmblcyour scntcncc, Rcpcut tlris cxcrcisc
scvcraltimcs, using a different adlective for each new sentenceyou write.

388 t cHAPTER
9

t.
 r EXERCISEl8: Make sentenceswith the same meaning by using /ess, if possible.

1. This book isn't as expensiveasthat book

- This bookis lessexpensioethan that book-
2. Bob isn't as old asJim. + (nochange)

3. Arithmetic isn,t asdifficult as algebra.

4. Arithmeticisn't ashard as algebra.

5. This chair isn't ascomfortableas that chair.

6. This box isn't ashearryas that box.

7. A hill isn'tashighasa mountain.

8. Srvimmingisn,t as dangerousas boxing.

9. I'm not astall asmy brother.

10. This letter isn't asimportant asthat letter.

t EXERCISE19: Make sentences

with the samemeaning by using as. . . as with the
ADJEcnvEin parentheses.

1. Bob is younger than Sally. /o/d,)

-+ Bob isn't as old
as Salb).
2. This book is lessexpensive than tlat onc. (39cper:l;;zv)
, This boohisn't as expensiacas that o e-
3. I'm shorter than my sister. /rail)

'l'his
4. cxcrciscis morc clitficult tlt n thc last onc. (t'as-ry'

5. 1v11'
new shocs arc less comfbrtablc than my old shocs. (corr{ortublc)

6. L1' little finger is shorter than my index finger. Qong)

7. A radio is less expensive than a TV set. (expetsize)

8. This book is worse than that book. (good)

390 t CHAPTER
9
 9 . My apartment is smaller than 1'ours. /brg)

1 0 . In my opiniorr, chemistry is less interesting than psychology. (interestin!)-

El EXERCISE20: Make sentencess'i*r the same mcaning by using as, (ts.

I . This room is smaller than that room.

' I'his roon isn't as big as tlnl roout.
2 . An animal is lessintelligent than a human being.

3 . S o d a p o p i s l c s sc x p e n s i v ct h a n f r u i t j r . r i c c .

4. The Mississinoi River is shorter than the Nile River.

5 . Tom's pronunciadon is s'orse than Sue's.

6 . Algebra is more difficult than arithmetic.

7 . Money is lessimportant than good health.

8 . American coffee is s'eaker than Turkish coffee.

9. A wooden chair is less comfortable than a sofa.

10. A van is smaller than a bus.

IVAKING
COMPARISONSE 39'
 10. A dog is lessintelligent but more intelligent

11. 's hair is darker

12. A hotel room is lesscomfortable

1 3 . Moonlight isn't asbright

Money is lessirnportant

1 5 . Englishgrammarisn't asdifficult

1 6 . Earth is closerto the sun

1 7 . Venezuelaisn't asfar south

I 8 . 'lirkyo isn't ns far north

1 9 . Peoplein are friendlier

20. Childrcnarc lesspowerful

(a) John is rich, 6ut Mary is poor. | Bzt gives tlre idea *rat "This is the opposite of that."

(b) The weatherwascold, 6rrt \{e were I A comma usually precedesbzf.

warm inside our house,

f EXERCISE
23: Completethefollowingsentences
by usingADtEcrnEs.

I An orangeis srveet,but a lemon is sour,

The weatler is hot roday,but it was yesterday,

J. These dishesarecleanrbut thosedishesare

i
This suitcaseis heary, but that suitcaseis

5 . My hair is light, bur my brother'shair is

6. These shoesareuncomfortable.but thoseshoesare

7. Linda is tall, but her sisteris

8. This streetis narrotv,but that streetis

MAKINGCOMPARISONST 393
 'l-his
9. exercise is easr'. but that exercrsels

1 0 . My old apartment is big, but my new apartment is

1 1 . This food is good, but that food is

12. A chickenis stupid, but a human being is

1 3 . Smoke is visible, but clean air rs

'l'his
14. ansrvcris right, trut that ansu,cris

1 5 . This torvel is dry, but that lowel is

1 6 . This cup is full, but that cup is

'l
1 7 . h i s s t r c c ti s n o i s v .h u t t h a t s t r e c ti s

1 8 . This picrureis uglr',but that picrureis

1 9 . This sentence is confusing, but that sentence is

20. This car is safe, but that car is

2 1 . A kitten is weak, but a horse is

2 2 . This watch is exoensive, but that watch is

23. Tom is hard-working, but his brother is

24. My apartment is messy, but Bob's apartment is always

z \ . A pillow is soft, but a rock is

394 t 9
cHAPTER
 AFFIRMATIVI] VI]RB + bttt NEGAl]VIi VIIRR Often the verb phrase following 6zl is
(a) John rs rich, but Mary rsz't. shortcncd,as in thc examples.
(b) Balls cre round, bttt boxes aten't.
(c) I a.ras in class, bll Po otasn't,
(d) Sue stzdr'es hard, but Sam doesz'1.
( e) We /r&e movies, bttt ttey don't.
(f) Alex cetne, but Maria didn't.
(g) People caz talk, but animals caz".
(h) Olga t-udllbe there, but Ivan oton't.
NIIGA-|IVEVDRB + btrt AFFIRMA']'IVII VI]RB
(i) Mary ,sz', rich, but John rb.
(i ) Boxes anen't round, but balls are.
(k) Po arasz'! in class, hu. I arcs.
(l) Sam doesz,t study, but Sue does.
(m) They dor2't lihe cats, btrt we do.
(n) Maria didn't cort e, bul Alex dfd.
(o) Animals caa,t talk, but people ccz.
(p) Ivan.lozrt be there, but Olga uill.

E EXERCISE24: complete eachsentencewith an approprare

vnRB)affirmariveor nesari'e.

1 . Sarais at home, but her husband iSn,t

Hiroki isn't at home, but his wife

Beds are comforlable, but park benches

A
I wasn't at home last night, bur my roommate

5 . Kim was in class yesterday, but Anna and Linda

6. Jack wants to go to the zoo, but Barbara

7. I don't want to go to the movie, but mv friends

8 . Pablo went to the party, but Steve

9. Ahnrcd carr spclk lircnch, [.rtrlI

I O . A r n a n d aw i l l b c l t t l r en t c e l i n g ,b L i lI I c l er r

1 1 . I was at home yesterday,but my roommatc

t 2 . This shirt is clean, but rhat ong

'l-hcsc
I :r. s h o c s l r r c r r ' lc o n r l i r r t a h l c , h r r t l h o s t s h r r c s

t . t . I l i l < t r i t l r r r g t . o l l i . t . ,l r r r t l i i r r r . r r

MAKTNG
COMPARTSONS
! 395
 15. Mikc doesn'twrite clearlv.but Ted

16. I ate breakfast this morning, but my roommate

17. Carol hasa car, but Jerry

18. Jerrydoesn'thavea car, but Carol

19. Ron wasat the party, but his wife

20. Ron went to the party, but his wife

21. Ellen can speakSpanish,but her husband

22. Boriscan'tspcakSpanish,but his *'ifc

23. I rvon'tbe at hometonight, but Sue

24. Ken will be in classtomorrow but Chris

25. Amy won't be heretomorrow, but Alice

f 2S-ORAL (BOOKSCLOSED): Practiceusing6af

EXERCISE

Examph: li ho in the class was at home last night? Who wasn't at home last night?
TEAcHER: Who was at home last night?
srttDENT A: I was.
TEAcITER: Who wasn't at home last night?
s't'uDllN'l'u: I wasn't at homc last night.
'l'rtnc tl{: Sumnrarizc,usingbr/.
s r l r t ) r i N tt ; : ( A l i ) w u si l t l r ( ) r r r cl r s l r r i g h t ,l r r r t ( l i i r r t ) w r r s r r ' t .

1. Who wearsglasses?Who doesn't rvear glasses?

2. Vho is married? Who isn't married?
3. Who didn't watch TV last night? Who rvatched TV last night?
4. Vho r,villtrc in cllss t()nrorrow? \Vho rvon't bc in clltsstornorrow?
5. rVho has a car? Who doesn't have a car?
6. Who srudied last night? \Vho didn't study last night?
7. rVho can play (a musical instrument)? \Yho can't play (that nusical hntrument)?
8. Vho is hungry right now? Who isn't hungry right now?
9. Who lives in an apartment? Who lives in a house or in a dorm?
10. Vho doesn't drink coffee? \vr'ho drinks coffee?
11. rWho won't be at home tonight? rJ(&ro rriil be at home tonight?
12. Who was in classyesterday? Who rvasn't in class yesterday?
13. Who can't speak (a language)?Who can speak (a language)?
14. Vho didn't stay home last night? Vho stayed home last night?
15. Vho has (a mustache)? \fho doesn't have (a mustache)?

396 t cHAPTER
9
I
I
I
I 'I'here are many differences
lI EXERCISE26: Picture A and Picture B are not the same.
t between A and R. Can you find all of the differences?
I 'l'lreIe's
Ii.trrurph': i r r v ( | r r r l c rcr l l | r i I i r r I ' i r : t r r I cA , l r t r l t l t c l c i s n ' t u u l | | t i t i t t l ] .

I 27-ERROR ANALYSIS: Find and correctthe mistalies.

EXERCISE

1. My cousin is the same tall as my brother.

2. A blue whale is more large from an elephant.

3. A dog is less small as a wolf.

4. Your handrvriting is more better than mine.

5. Robert and Maria aren't same age. Robert is more young than Maria.

6. A lake isn't as deep than an ocean.

M,A.<ING
COMPARISONST 397
I EXERCISE28-WRITIEN: Writc about ()ncor morc of thc follorvingtopics.

l . Writc about this citl'. Oonrparc it to your homctorvrr.

2. \Wlitc ahorrt yotrr prcscnt rcsirlctrcc. Oomparc it to a plst rcsiclcncc. l;or cxtmplc,
c()nlprrrc )'our ncw ilnitrlntcDt lo y0trr oltl apartntcnt-
3. Writc ubtrttl lrvo tttcntltcrs rrl'your l'trnily. ()otrtplrc thcnr
4 . \ W l i t c a b r r L rllr v r rl r r r i r r r l l s ,( ) o r r r p i t r cl l l c t n .
5. Writc about two countrics. Comoarc thcm.

( :l lli( :Kl.ls'l ( )lJ \\1 )t{t }s l rlstl ) tN ( :()& l^t{ts()Ns

the sane (us) lilec -crlntorc
similnr (to) alike less
tliffcrut ([ront) ar. . . .rr
but

(a) coAlPARATrvE: The comparatise (-erlrnore) compares two things

My thumb is s&orter tftaa my index finger. or people.
(b) SUPERLATTVE: The superlative (-erltnost) compares three or
My hand has five fingers. My thumb is more things or people.
the shortest (linger) of all.

AI)li(:'flvt.: (:oA'lt,ARAftvti suPliltLA' Vt;

ADJF.Cl-rvtiS\vTTl l old older (than) the olde.st (of all)

ONE SYI-I"ABI,E bie bigeet (than) the biggest (of all)

'l]-tAT pt et$,
AtI:C'TI,'FS prcttier (than) the petdest (of o )
IiNl) lN -v eas! easier (than) the ea.siest (oI all)

ATIE(;|TVIIS\Y4'l-rJ exPens;oe tnore expenshte (tlan) the tnost ex1>ensioe (oJall)

'fwo oR l\4olt[;
,rnPortant rnore imporlant (tlun) the tnost irnporta bl aU)
sY "{Br.lis

IRRF,CUI^AR good better (tlan) the be^st(ofall)

I.ORA,IS bad Luorse (dan) the uorst (oIall)
far' Jarther |furth et' (tI an) the JarthestlJurthest (oJall)

I
398 t e
cHAPTER I
II
 29: rvrite the comparativeand superlativeforms of the rbnowing,r.r.1uc'r.rvrs.
r EXERCISE

COMPARA'TIVE SUPERhTIVE

l. long Lonqerfthan the lonaesthf oll

2. small

3. heavy

4. comfortable

5. hard

6. difficult

7. easy

8Q
9. cheap

10. interesting

I l. pretty

| 2, strong

13. good

14. bad

15. far

I EXERCISE30: Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the AD;rac,nvrrs
in inlics.

l. large city in Canadais Toronto.

2. long The Nile is river in the s'orld.
3. irucrcsting I'm takingfour cLsscs.My hi$toryclilssis

of all.
4. high Mt. McKinley in Alaskais
mountain in Norrh America.

5. tall The SearsTower is buildingin

Chicago.

MAKTNG
coMpARlsoNs I 399
 6. big Lake Superior is lake in North
America.

7. short February is month of the year.

8 . Iar Pluto is planet from the sun-

9. beautijul In my opinion, Seattlcis

city in the Unitcd States.

10. bad In my opinion,Flarry'sStcakHouscis

restaurantin the city.

11. good In my opinion, the DoghouseCafehas

food in the city.

1 2 . condortablc l(en is sitting in chair in the

room.

l-'- fast way to travel is by airplane-

t4. good rWhenyou feel depressed,

laughtcris
medicine.

I ). large Asiais continent in the rvorld.

1 6 . vnall Australiais continent in the rvorld.

t 7 . expensiae Sally ordered food on the

menu for dinner last night.

78. easy Taking a taxi is rvay to get to the

airport.

19. intpofiant I think good healthis

thing in life.

20-.fantous The GatewayArch is

lundnrark
iu St.I-ouis,Missouri.

4OO t e
cHAPTER
I EXERCISE3l: Make at reastfour srarementsof coMpARrsoNabout each group of pictures.

A. COMPARE THE SIZES OF THE THREE BALI.S.

1 . The golf ball is smallerthon the baseball.

The soccerball is the baseball.
3 . The soccer ball is of all.
4. The baseball isn't as the soccer ball.

B. COMPARE THEAGES OF THE CHILDREN.

TOMMY HELEN ANN

(3 yearsold) (6 yoars old) (8 y€ars old)

5 . Ann is Helen.
(r. 'l irnrrny is
I lclcn und Anrr.
7 . Ann is of all.
8. I lelcn isr.r't asn nn.

MAKINGCOMPARISONS
T 401
 C. COMI'ARI] THE HEIGHTS OF THE THREE WOMEN.

l, ')
tft:-s1
Pr\\
,ir'
\t,l
)r\
LINDA
o is the tallest

10. is the shortest.

ll. is taller than but

shorter than

12. isn't as tall as

D. COMt'Alui'[HE S'rttEN(]'l'H -ftIE 'fHIlIlE

Otr MEN.

13.

14.

15.

t6.

402 t cHApTER
9
E. COMPARE THE PRICES OF THE THREE VEHICLES.

17.

18.

19.

20.

F. COMPARE HOW GOOD THE THREE TEST PAPERS AR.E,

t2.7='t
n' - \ l 5 = 8
. , -- F- 6 4+ =t&
ls's" =
7 LY,tl "t+
i
A+61s"lbnLl

2\.

22.

23.

MAKTNc r 403
coMPARrsorus
 G. COMPARE HOW INTERESTING (TO YOU) THE THREE BOOKS LOOK.

fl"*;;1
II AT I
I I NTGHTI
\tt
\'A

25.
zo.

27.

24.

I 32: Completethe sentences.lJse the correct form (comparativeor superlative) of

EXERCISE
the aoJecrrvrs in italics,

|. long The YangtzeRiver is the

MississippiRiver.
) long The Nile is river in the world.

5 lnrge The Caribbean Sea is the

Mediterranean Sea.

4. large The Caribbean Sea is seain the

world.

5. high Mt. Everestis mountain in the

world.

6 . high Mt. Everestis Mt. McKinley.

7 . bie Africa is North America.

8 , snnll Europe is South America.

9 . Iarge Asiais continentin the world.

1 0 . bis Canada is thc Unitcd Statcs in

area.

ll. Iarge Indonesiais Japanin population.

4O4 t cHApTER
9
,K. 12. good Fruit is for your health

candy.

13. good The srudentcafeteriahas roast

beef sandwiches in the city.

14. confortable I havea pair of boots, a pair of sandals,and a pair of running

shoes. The sandals are

the boots,but the running shoesare

of all.

15. cnsy This exerciseis that one. This is

one of exercisesin the book.

16. batt There are over 800 million people in the rvorld who don't get to

e : r t . W i t l r l c r v c x c c P t i o r r sp, ( ) v c r t yr n d h u n g c r a r c
irr rurirl lrrcttsthtn ir.tcitius ancl to"vns-
rf'

\
'l'he
( u) Anrazrrn is orre o./ lhe longest rhtets I Thc supcrlative often follorvs oze o;||
in rhe world. I Noticc the panem:
+ phtal noun
(b) A Rofls ll.oyceis ot e o/ t/,e mos, I oneof+ superlat;te
cxlrct -'i'Je cor.s irr thc rvorl,,l.
Scc CIrrrt 8-5 for morc information al>out one of.
( c) Alicc is one oJ the tnost irttelligent
people in our class.

E EXERCfSE33: Make sentencesabout the following. IJse on e of + superlattae+ plural noun.

I . a high mountainin the world

, Mt. McKinle>,is oneof the highestntountainsin the ztorld.
2. a pretty park in rthiscity)
, ForcstPttrhi: ttned tltclrcllicst p(ti.s itt Sr. /-orrrs.
3. a tall personin our class
, Talalis oneoJthetallestpeople*tn orr class.
4. a big city in thes'orld

5. a beautifulplacein the world

6. n niccpersonin our class

7. a longriver in thes orld

*Peolrc is usuullyused instcrdof2ersorrs i|r thc plLrrlrl.

MAK.NGCOMPARISONS' 405
 8. a good restaurant in (this city)

9. a tamous landmark in the world

10. an inrportant erent in the history of the world

I EXERCISE 34-WRITTEN: Makc scntcrrccsusirrg oze o!+ sttparlttriuc+ lthttrultuutt.

Uxunplc: u big citf in Canada

Writt,:tt: Montrcal is onc of thc biggcst citics in Canada.

1. a big city in Asia

2. a largc statc in thc U.S.

3. a beatttilul city in thc world

4. a fricndly pcrson in our class

5. a good placc to visit in the world

6. a famous person in the world

7. an inlportant thing in life

'
8. a bad restaurant in (this city)

9. a famous landmark in (nane of a country)

10. a tall building in (tltis city)

1l. a dungeroussport in the lvorld

12. a scrious problem in thc world

I EXERCISE3S-ORAL: Discussthe questions.

1. How many brottrersand sistersdo you have? Are you the oldest?
2. Who is one of the most famousmovie starsin the world?
3. In your opinion, what is the most exciting sport?
4. What is orlcof the mostintercstingcxpcricnccsin your lifc?
5. ln your opinitrn,rvhatis thc nrostbctulilul placcin tl.rcrvorld?,
6. Vhat is onc of the most important inventionsin the modern world-r
7. rwhatis onc of the worstexperiences of your life?
X . W l r l t i r l c t l r t l r c s t t l r i r r t r si r r l i l i ' ! ,
' r . \ \ / l l r t \ \ l ! r | | | ( | | : r | ' | | i ( r i{|l r ! o l ! r ' l r l i l ( r r r o t r r . o l t l r ' l l r 1 r 1 r i r . r, lt : r t . , , ' lt ' r ' r r rl i l i . r ,
10. Who urc thc nrost important pcoplc in your lilc today-l

4O6 t cHAptERe
E EXERCISE36: Thkethis quiz. Ifyou don't know an answer,guess.After you takethe quiz,
form smallgroupsto discussthe answers.You canfigureout thecorrectanswersby
looking at the Thbleof Statisticson page410.

PART I
1. What is the longestriver in the world?
A. the Yangtze
B. t}te Amazon
C. the Nile
D. rhe Mississippi

2. Is the Amazon River longer than the MississippiRiver?

A. yes
B. no

3. Is the YangtzeRiver longer than the MississippiRiver?

A. yes
B. no

4. Is the YangtzeRiver aslong as the Nile River?

A. yes
B. no

5. Vhich two rivers are almostthe samelength?

A. the Nile and the Amazon
B. the Amazon and the Yangtze
C. the Nile and the Mississippi
D. the Mississippiand the Amazon

SE,|

',
{ ^rsr"ru^
)' .tl.
/".

it'

MAKINGCOMPARISONSr 4O7
 PART II
6. What is the largestseain the world?
A. the Mediterranean Sea
B. the South ChinaSea
C. the CaribbeanSea

7. Is the South ChinaSeat}re smallestof the three seaslisted above?

A. yes
B. no

PART III
8. !?hat is the deepestoceanin t}reworld?
A. the Atlantic Ocean
B. the Indian Ocean
C. the PacificOcean

9. Is the Indian Oceanlargerthan the Atlantic Ocean?

A. yes
B, no

PARTIV
10. Belowis a list of rhecontincntsin thc world. I-ist thcm in ordcr according to sizc,
from thc largcst to thc smallcst.

Africa Europc
y' Antarctica, North tlnccrica
Asia SottthAncricu
Australia

(l) the largest)

(2)
(3)
(4)

(s)
(6)
(7) (the smallest)

4OO t cHAprER
e
PAI?T'V
11. Which of the following cities is the largestin population in the world?
A. Ncw Yrrk Cily, U.S.A.
13. Scoul,Itorea
C. Mexico City, Mexico
l). Tirkyo,J.rpan

t 2 . Is thc lroprrlirtion
of'Saol)aulo,Ihazil, largcrthan thc populationof Ncw York City,
U.S.A.?
A. yes
l]. no

1 3 .Is the populationof Sao Paulo, Brazil, largerthan the population of Seoul,Korea?
A. yes
B. no

1 4 . \Whatis the largestcity in Nor*r America?

A. Mexico City
ll. Ncw York City

PART VI
15. tfirhichof the following counEies is the largestin areain the world?
A. Canada
B. China
C. the Unired States
D. Brazil

16. Which of the following nvo counries is largerin area?

A. Canada
B. Brazil

17. Vhich of the following counrries is the largestin population in the world?
A. India
B. China
C. the United States
D. Indonesia

18. rVhich of the following nvo countries is largerin population?

A. India
B. Indonesia

I 9 . !7hich of the following nvo counnies is larger in population?

A. the United States
B. Brazil

20. rWhichof the following nvo countries is smallerin population?

A. Egypt
B. Japan

MAKINGCOMPARISONSI 409
 .IABLI]
OI: SlR'fI SI'ICS
PART'I
RIVER LT'NGTH
the Amazon River 3,915miles
the MississippiRiver 2,348miles
the Nile River . 4 , 1 4 5m i l c s
the Yangtzel{ivcr 3,900milcs
IURT'II
SEA SIZE
the CaribbeanSca 970,000squarcmilcs
the MediterraneanSea 969,000souaremiles
the South China Sea 8f51oo0sduaremiles
PART III
OCEAN SIZE AVERAGE DEPTH
Atlantic Ocean 33,420,000squarefeet 11,730feet
Indian Ocean 28,350,500squarefeet 12,598feet
Pacific Ocean 64,186,300squarefeet 12,925 feet
PARTIV
CONTINENT slzE
Africa 11,707,000squaremiles
Antarctica 5,500,000 squaremiles
Asia 17,129,000squaremiles
Australia 2,942.'000squaremiles
Europe 4,057,000 squaremiles
North America 9,363,000 squaremiles
South America 6,886,000 squaremiles
PARTV
CITY POPUII\TIONT
Mexico City, Mexico 28 million
New York, U.S.A. 15 million
Sao Paulo,Brazil 25 million
Seoul,Korea 22 million
Tokyo, Japan 30 million
PARTVI
C()T.JNTRY AREA POPUT./ITTON*
Brazil 3,286,470 sq mi l8O million
Canada 3,851,809sqmi 29 million
China 3,691,000sq mi 1,250million **
Ecypt 386,650sq mi 65 million
India 1,269,339sq mi 960 million
Indonesia 788,430 sq mi 205 million
Japan 145,740sq mi 128 million
the United States 3,515,123sqmi 268 million

* Approimate population in the year 2000.

++ 1,250 trillion is said as "one billion, two hundred lifty milion." (It can also be said as "one drousand,
two hundred and fifty million" in old-fashionedBritishEnglish.)

4lO t CHAPTER9
 ADJEgfIVE ADVERB An adjective describesa noun. In
adjcctive
(A) Ann is a carejul driver. careful carcluU! (a.): cateful describesdaber.
slotl slou;,l5t An adverb describesthe action of
quick quicklf a verb- In @): carcfully
descn-besdrrbes.
adverb
(b) Ann drives carclully. esstt easily Most adverbs are formed by
adding -ly to an adjective.

adjeitive The adiectiveform and the

(c) John is a tast driver. fost fast adverb form are the same for
hard hard fasl hard, eady, latc.
eady early^
(d) John drives
adverb
fast. hte ,"*t
adjective l/ell is the adverb form of
(e) Linda is a good writer. good ssell good-*
advcrb
(f) l-inrla writcs orcll.

rWclcdn rfls(f hc usctl as nn adjcclivc kr nrcrrn "not sick." I'uttlwus sich lutt uaclt, bttt ttttr hc's tocll.

E EXERCISE37: Complete the sentencesby using the ADJEcrrvEor ADvERBin italies.

l, quict,tltrictly My lromctown is small and

2. quiet, quietljt Mr. Ifilson whispered. He spoke

3. clear, clcarly Anna pronounceseveryword

4. clear, clzarljt We like to go boatingin weather.

5. careless,
carelessly Boris makesa lot of mistakeswhen he rvrites. He's a

l\Tlter.

6. careless,carelessly Boris writes

7. easy,easily The teacheraskedan question.

8. easy,easily I answeredthe teacher'souestion

9. good,well You speakEnglishvery v. .-

lO. good,well Your Englishis very

MAKINGCOMPARISONSA 4I I
f EXERCISE38: Complete the sentencesby using the correct form (,ropcrrve or nownn) of
the word in ialics.

1. careful Do 5'ou drive ?

2, cotrect Carmen gave the answer to the question.

3. correct She ansrvered the question

4. fast Mike is a rcader.

5. quick Mike reads

6. fast Mike reads

7. neat Barbara has handwriting. It is easy

to read what she writes.

8. neat Barbara writes

9. hard I studl-

10. hard The sudents took a Iest.

11. honest Roberro answeredthe ouestion

IZ, SIOU Karen and Fumiko walked through the park

13. careless I rnade some mistakesin my last

comPosrEon,
'We
t4. quick r.;erein a hurry so we atelunch

1 5 .earl! Last nieht we had dinner becausewe

had to leavefor the theaterat 6:00.

1 6 .earljt lVe had an dinner last night.

t 7 . good Jakehas poor eyesight. He can't see

- without
his glasses.

18. good Darid is kind, generous,

and thoughtful. He is a

l)crs(rll.

412 t e
cHAPTER
 19. loud I speak when I talk to my grandfather
because he has trouble hearing.

2O- slow,clear Kim speaksEnglish and

r EXERCISE39: complete the sentences

by using*re correcrform (aopcrwE or ADvERB)of
the word in italics.

l. good Did you sleep last night?

2. last Anita is a learner.
3. quich She learns everything

4. fast Ahmed walks too I can't keep up rvith him.

5. soft Please speak . The children are asleep.
6. easy This is an exercNe.

7. lnrd It rained yesterday.

8. clcar Our teacherexplainseverything

9. late Spiro came to class Yesterday.

'fhe
10. safe plane arrived at the airport

I l. lIArLl Ms. Chan is a worker.

12. hard She works

13. late I paid my telephone bill

t4. aus)) Ron lifted thc heavy box He's very srong.
1 5 . quiet Olga enteredthe classroom because
shewas late for class.

16. fast Mike talks too I can't understand him.

| / - ltotrcst Shelleyis an person. I trust her completely.

18. honest She speaks

19. good I didn't understandthe teacher'sexplanationvery

2l). gool Wc lrlrl ir timc at the party last night.

MAKIN(;C()Ml,nl.,l:;<tt
tS r 413
 21. good Linda speaks but shedoesn'trvrite

22. fluent Nadia soeaksFrench

cot\!PAR{'n\t: SUI'ERIA'|IVI: Use rzore and ?rlost with

(a) Kim speaksrzorefluent$t tnore fluentlg the mast Jluentl! adverbs that end in {t.* ,
lftaz Ali (docs). ntore sloztly the ztost slozoly
( b ) Anna speaksdr e mostfluently ntore quichly the most quickly
oJall.

(c) l\{ike worked herder than hardet the hat'dest Use -er and -est $'ith
Sam (did). faster the fastest irregularadverbs: &ard,
(d) Suc workcd the hardest ol all. ean'Iier the earliest Iast, eatl!, late.
laler tttc latest

(c) f(,,sr wrilc$ lrall(r lltun I tht Ir(llr'r'rtr\l lxr.sl :rlc lirrrrrs
(f) Kinr writcs atre besa ol all. (rl thc udvcrb ?ocl/.

*Exception: ea y- earliet- eutliut.

I EXERCISE
40: Complctc thc scntcnccsb5'using thc corrccr form (<:olaenuxlrvlor
sur,riru.n
nvri) of thc At)vll{trsin itulics-

1. late Karen got home hier lhan Alice (did).

2. quichly I finished m1' s ork Tom (did).

3. beauti.fully Gina sings Susan(does).

4. beautilully Ann sings of all.

5. hard My sisterrvorks I (do).

6. hard My brother rsorks of all.

7. careJully My husband drives I (do).

'We
8. early arrived at the party
the Smiths (did).

9. earl1l The \WilsonsarriYed at the party of all.

414 I q
csnpren
 lO. well You can rvrite I (can).

11- zuell Ken can write of all.

'I'ina
12. clu.rly Anita pronounccs lrbr words (docs).

13. fast I work Jim (does).

14. fast Toshi finished his work of all.

15. loudly Ali speaks Yoko (does.)

| 6. .llrrnttlv S r r c s p c r r l i sS p l t t t i s l r | (tkr).

17 . fluently Ted speaks Spanish of all.

18. slowly A snail moves a crab (does).

E EXERCISE 4l: Use the correct lbrm (ar)r;c'nvll or AI)\4]uB,coMl'Al{Arlvlj or suPliRlAllvli)

of the words in italics.

1. carefi Karen drives her brother does.

2. beautiful A tiger is a goat.

3. ncat Paul's apartment.is mlne,

4- neat Peter's apartment is of all.

5. neat You lvrite I do.

6. neat Ann lvrites of all.

7. heaay This suitcaseis that one.

8. clear This author explninsher ideas that allthor.

!
MAKINGCOMPARISONS 415
 1). gtxtd I likc loeh rrrusic c l u s s i c l r lt r t t s i c .

lO. goocl My husbttrtlcartsirrg I carr.

ll. good My daughtcrcirr sing of nll.

12. ltard Sucstudics lfrcd.

13. hard Jcanstudics of all.

14. long Almost universally,wives work

hoursthan their husbandsbecausewomen ulke primary responsibility
for householdchoresand child-rearins.

15. late Robert usuallygoes to bed

his roommate.

16, clzar Anna pronouncesher words

of all the studentsin the class.

17. sharp A razoris usually a kitchen knife.

18. artistic My sonis my daughter.

79. slow I eat my husband does.

20. dangerous A motorcycle is a bicycle.

( a ) Bob doesn'tstudyas ftard cs his brother (does). Noticc the pattcm in thc cxamplcs:
(b) I didn't finish my work cs qzrcftly as Sue (did). as+c.irer6+as
(c ) Yoko can speakEnglishas rrelf as Tony (can).

(d) I'm working as lest as I can. Notice the paneras in the examples:
( e) I'm working as fast as t ossible. as + adserb + as is frequently followed by
(f) Alex camecs quichly as he could. subjcct+ canlcould or by possi6l9.
(g) Alex camecs quichlg as possiblr.

I EXERCISE CompareJohnto your classmatesor yourself.

42: Completettresentences.
I

1 . John is lazy. He doesn'trvorkas hard as Yoko@oeil.

2. Johnis a recklessdriver. He doesn'tdrive as carefully
3 . I can't readJohn'shandwriting. He doesn'twrite as neadl'

4 . Johngoesto bed late. He doesn'tgo to bed as early

415 t cHAPTER
e
tslc. 5. Johnwasthe lastpersonto finish the test. He didn't fnish it as quickly

i AII. 6. Johnspeakssofdy. He doesn't speakas loudly

7. John is never in a hurry. He takes his time. He doesn't walk as fast

8. Johnis an insomniac. He doesn't sleep as well

9. Johnrarely studies.He doesn'tstudy as hard

Ity

I EXERCfSE43-ORAL: Change the sentencesby using cs, , . as + ltossible or canlcould.

Example: Pleasecome early.

Response:Pleasecomeas early as possible./ Pleasecome as earlyas you can.

Example: ( . . . ) walked fast.

Response:Surasukwalkedas fast as possible./ Surasukwalked asfast ashe could.

1. Pleasecome quickly. 10. I write to my parentsoften.

2. (...) camequickly. 11. ( . . . ) is rvorkingfast.
3. Pleasewrite neatly. 12. Pleasegive me your homework soon.
4. I openedthe door quietly. 13. I'll get home early.
5. Plcasecomesoon. 14. ( . . . ) answeredthe qucstionwell.
6. (. . . ) camesoon. 15. I'll call you soon.
7. Pronounceeachword clearly. 16. ( . . . ) goesswimming often.

I 8.
9.
Do you study hard?
When (. . . ) sawa mean dog,
he/sheran home fast.
17.
18.
Pleasefinish the test soon.
I'll pay my telephonebill soon.

I EXERCISE
44-REVIEW: Olrooscthc c()rrcct comnlcti()n.

1. A lion is _ a tiger.
A. similar B. similar with C. similar from D. similar to

2. Lions and tigersare-.

A. the same B. similar C. similar to D. the sameas

3. Good healthis one of jn a person'slife.

A. bestthing \ C. the best things
B. the bestthing D. best things

4. There weremany chairsin the room. I sat in chair.

A. the comfortablest C. most comfortnble
B. the most comfortable D. more comfortable

MAKINGCOMPARISONST 4'7
 5 . Jane'sstory was- Jack'ssiory.
A. funnicr than C. more funnicr than
B. funny than D. more funny

6. My last name is - my cousin's.

A. same B. samefrom C. sameas D. the sameas

7. I live - awayfrom schoolthan you do.

A. far B. farther C. more far D. farthest

8. Ali speaks- than Hamid.

A. more clearly C. more clear
B. clearlier D. more clearer

9. The weatherin Canada- the rveatherin Mexico.

A. is lesshot than C. is hotter
B. isn't ashot as D. isn't hot

10. Robert works hard everyday, but his brother \

A. is B. isn't C. does / D. doesn't

I 45-ERROR ANALYSIS: Find and correctthe mistakes

EXERCISE in the following
sentences.

1. Your pen is alike mine.

2. Kim's coat is similar with mine.

3. Jack'scoat is samemine.

4. Soccerballs are different with basketballs.

5. Socceris one of most popular sports in the world.

6. Green seaturtles live more long from elephants.

7. My gradc on 1hctcst wrtsworst liorn yours. Ytrttgot t nrrrrcbcttcr gritdc,

8. A monkey is intelligenterthan a turtle.

9. Africa isn't as large than Asia.

10. Pedro speaksEnglishmore fluent than Emesto.

11. The exploding human population is the most grcat threatto all forms of life on earth.

12. The Mongol Empire was the bigger land empire in the entire history of the world.

418 t CHAPTER
9
 5 . Jane'sstory was- Jack'ssiory.
A. funnicr than C. more funnicr than
B. funny than D. more funny

6. My last name is - my cousin's.

A. same B. samefrom C. sameas D. the sameas

7. I live - awayfrom schoolthan you do.

A. far B. farther C. more far D. farthest

8. Ali speaks_ than Hamid.

A. more clearly C. more clear
B. clearlier D. more clearer

9. The weatherin Canada- the rveatherin Mexico.

A. is lesshot than C. is hotter
B. isn't ashot as D. isn't hot

10. Robert works hard every day, but his brother \

A. is B. isn't C. does / D. doesn't

I 4S-ERROR ANALYSIS: Find and corect themistakes

EXERCISE in the following
sentences.

1. Your pen is alike mine.

2. Kim's coat is similar with mine.

3. Jack'scoat is samemine.

4. Soccerballs are different with basketballs.

5. Socceris one of most popular sports in the world.

6. Green seaturtles live more long from elephants.

7. My gradc on 1hctcst wrtsworst liorrr yours. Ytrttgot t n]orc bctlcr grtdc,

8. A monkey is intelligenterthan a turtle.

9. Africa isn't as largethan Asia.

10. Pedro speaksEnglishmore fluent than Emesto.

11. The exploding human population is the most grcat threatto all forms of life on earth.

12. The Mongol Empire was the bigger land empire in the entire history of the world.

418 t CHAPTER
9