The
Historical
Development
of the Atom
substance is
IV. Empedocles (450 B.C.)
-is the first Greek
philosopher who
conceptualize that all matter
is made up of earth, water, air
and fire.
V. Leucippus and Democritus (440 B.C.)
-proposed that matter is
made up of invisible
particles or atoms.
Democritus also proposed
Democritus’
Atomic Theory
Alchemist 1803-1913
I. John Dalton (1803)
- presented series of
“Experimental Essays” on
the nature of gases. He
also proposed that
atoms are made of sub-atomic particles
namely; proton, neutron, electron
IV. Henry Moseley (1913)
-determined the atomic
number of the atoms of an
element and arrange
elements in a table by order
of atomic number instead of
atomic masses
V. Niels Bohr (1913)
defined the electrons move
around the nucleus as orbits
while new neutrons and
protons was contained the
nucleus based on his model
VI. James Chadwick (1913)
discovered the third type of sub-
atomic particle which he named
neutron
Quiz #3
Greeks 350-585 B.C.
I. Anaximenes (585- 524 B.C.)
-believe that air is the primary substance
and suggested that it could be
transformed into other substances by
thinning (fire) or thickening (wind, clouds,
rain, hail, earth and rock.)
II. Heraclitus of Ephesus (544-484 B.C.)
-Said that the primeval
fire and change is the only reality
III. Pythagoreans (570-490 B.C.)
- make use of mathematics and
geometry as a basis in explaining the
theory of matter by representing
geometric solids in the basic elements
that was used later on by Plato.
VI. Plato (360 B.C.)
- coined the word element. He believed
that substances can be transformed
wherein the four sides of regular
objects could be resolved into triangles
to form any substance
VII. Aristotle (350 B.C.)
discounted the geometric forms of
elements but retained the fifth element,
the ether because of his belief that
ether formed the Heavenly bodies and
filled space. He attributed matter with
four qualities namely hot, cold, wet and
dry that combined and making up
matter.
II. J.J. Thomson (1897)
-discovered the electron. He
was the first scientist to show
the atom was made of even
smaller things. He used the
Cathode ray tube to discover
electrons and called it
Thomson’s experiment
III. Ernest Rutherford (1913)
-discovered the nucleus of a gold atom
with his “gold foil” experiment. His
conclusion was the atom is mostly
empty space, all the positive charge,
and almost all the mass is concentrated
in a small area in the center. He called this a
“nucleus”, the nucleus is composed of protons and
neutrons (they make the nucleus), the electrons
distributed around the nucleus, and occupy most
of the volume, and his model was called a “nuclear
model”
Jona Mae Cuarto Ayop Grade 11 - Stem 1