Development -believe that air is the primary substance
and suggested that it could be
of the Atom transformed into other substances by
thinning (fire) or thickening (wind, clouds, rain, hail, earth and rock.)
II. Heraclitus of Ephesus (544-484 B.C.)
-Said that the primeval
substance is fire and change is the only reality
IV. Empedocles (450 B.C.) III. Pythagoreans (570-490 B.C.)
-is the first Greek - make use of mathematics and
philosopher who geometry as a basis in explaining the conceptualize that all matter theory of matter by representing is made up of earth, water, air geometric solids in the basic elements and fire. that was used later on by Plato.
VI. Plato (360 B.C.)
V. Leucippus and Democritus (440 B.C.)
- coined the word element. He believed
-proposed that matter is that substances can be transformed made up of invisible wherein the four sides of regular particles or atoms. objects could be resolved into triangles Democritus also proposed to form any substance Democritus’ Atomic Theory
VII. Aristotle (350 B.C.)
discounted the geometric forms of elements but retained the fifth element, the ether because of his belief that ether formed the Heavenly bodies and filled space. He attributed matter with four qualities namely hot, cold, wet and dry that combined and making up matter.
Alchemist 1803-1913
I. John Dalton (1803)
- presented series of “Experimental Essays” on the nature of gases. He II. J.J. Thomson (1897) also proposed that atoms are made of sub-atomic particles -discovered the electron. He namely; proton, neutron, electron was the first scientist to show the atom was made of even smaller things. He used the Cathode ray tube to discover electrons and called it IV. Henry Moseley (1913) Thomson’s experiment -determined the atomic number of the atoms of an element and arrange elements in a table by order of atomic number instead of atomic masses III. Ernest Rutherford (1913)
-discovered the nucleus of a gold atom
with his “gold foil” experiment. His conclusion was the atom is mostly empty space, all the positive charge, V. Niels Bohr (1913) and almost all the mass is concentrated defined the electrons move in a small area in the center. He called this a around the nucleus as orbits “nucleus”, the nucleus is composed of protons and while new neutrons and neutrons (they make the nucleus), the electrons protons was contained the distributed around the nucleus, and occupy most nucleus based on his model of the volume, and his model was called a “nuclear model”