Helwan University Hydraulic and Pneumatic systems

Faculty of Engineering Dr. Abu Bakr Abd El Wahab

Mechanical Engineering Eng. Mai Mukhtar
Department
1st Term (2021-2022) Sheet No. 6

1- Which type of valves used to:

a. Stopping and starting flow
b. Reduce or increase a flow
c. Controlling the direction of flow
d. Regulating a flow or process pressure
e. Relieve a pipe system of a certain pressure
f. Prevent back-flow
2- Name the spool of the shown Direction Control Valves

a b

c d
3- Find the pressure drop across the above 4 Direction Control
Valves (Flow rate is 80LPM)

4- Find the power losses in Question 3

5- A pressure relief valve has a pressure setting of 7000 kPa.

Calculate the power loss in the valve if it admits a full pump flow of
1.26 x 10-3 m3/s.

6- Draw the schematic envelope for each of the shown Direction

Control Valves

a b

c d
7- Name each of the following Direction Control Valves. Include in
the naming each of the following features:
No. of ports
No. of position
Rest status (NC or NO)
Type of operator
Type of response

a
b

c
d

8- A 30 mm diameter sharp edged orifice is placed in a pipe line to

measure flow rate. If the measured pressure drop is 250 kPa and the
fluid specific gravity is 0.92, find the flow rate in units of
For a sharp edged orifice we can write,

∆𝑷
𝑸 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟓𝟏 𝑨 ∗ 𝑪𝒗 √
𝑺. 𝒈

Where Q= volume flow rate in LPM

Cv = Capacity coefficient
Cv = 0.80 for sharp edges orifice,
Cv = 0.6 for square edged orifice.
A = area of orifice opening in mm2
P = pressure drop across the orifice ( kPa)
SG= specific gravity of flowing fluid = 0.92
9- Determine the flow – rate through a flow-control valve has a
∆𝑷
capacity, Q= 𝑪𝒗 √ , The pressure drop of 800 kPa. The fluid is
𝑺.𝒈
hydraulic oil with a specific gravity of 0.90

Where:
Q in Lpm ,
Cv flow coefficient = 3.1
P Pressure drop across the valve in KPa

10 – For the above question, find the upstream pressure if the down
stream pressure is 10 MPa